JP4023101B2 - Electricity supply and demand control method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

【００９２】
式（５）では電気事業者も起動停止計画用コストで最適な負荷配分したときに得られるであろう利益を確保するために、Σｕit×（Ｃi（Ｑit）−Ｃi（Ｐit））を引いている。以下の利益配分においても、各発電事業者は起動停止計画用コストで最適な負荷配分したときに得られるであろう利益を確保できるようにする。増大した利益Ｙtを電気事業者と自動運転の発電機としている発電事業者で配分する。配分計算に使用する係数はブロック７６で設定した値を使用する。まず、増大した利益を電気事業者と利益配分対象の発電事業者で設定した割り合いで配分する。前者をｈとすると、後者は（１−ｈ）となる。これにより電気事業者の利益配分Ｓは式（６）となる。
【００９３】
Ｓ＝Ｙt×ｈ …（式６）
【００９４】
利益配分対象の発電事業者間では、このコスト関数を変えて出力を変更することを承認している発電事業者全体でのベース配分率V、発電機の出力が変更したことにより利益が発生したと考えて出力変更量の絶対値ΔＲit（（Ｐit−Ｑit）の絶対値）、出力変化の差分量の絶対値ΔＳit（ΔＰit−ΔＱit）の絶対値）を用いて配分する。ΔＳitのとして、差分量が大きくなったときのみ考慮する方法もある。ベース配分による利益の配分は配分方式が均等の場合は式（７）により計算する。ｎは利益配分対象の発電事業者数である。
【００９５】
ＢＰi＝Ｙt×（１−ｈ）×ｖ／ｎ …（式７）
【００９６】
ベース配分方法には、定格出力に応じた場合、最大供給力に応じた場合があり、どの方法を使用するかはブロック７６で決定している。定格出力はその発電機の最大出力に相当し、最大供給力は作業や他の電気事業者へ供給している等により最大出力が抑制されて小さくなった場合は、この抑制された値を使う。ベース配分で配分される総量は（ΣＮit−ΣＭit）×（１−ｈ）×ｖであり、この配分割り合いが定格出力、最大供給力に比例して配分する。定格出力Ｐi,maxを用いたときの発電機ｉのベース配分の利益はは式（８）となる。
【００９７】
ＢＰi＝Ｙt×（１−ｈ）×ｖ×Ｐi,max／ΣＰi,max …（式８）
【００９８】
出力が変化したことによる貢献量は出力変更量の絶対値ΔＲitと考えられ、出力変化の差分量により発電機の機械的、熱的ストレスが発生したと考えたΔＳitあるいはそれらの定格出力に対する比率を用いて総貢献率を計算する。係数、計算方法はブロック７６で設定した値を用いる。絶対値を用いたときは式（９）により総貢献率を計算する。α、βは係数である。
【００９９】
ｗit＝α×ΔＲit＋β×ΔＳit …（式９）
あるいは、定格出力に対する比率で総貢献率を計算すると式（１０）となる。
ｗit＝（α×ΔＲit＋β×ΔＳit）／Ｐi,max …（式１０）
総貢献率を用いることにより利益の配分ＣＰiは式（１１）となる。
ＣＰi＝Ｙt×（１−ｈ）×（１−ｖ）×ｗit／Σｗit …（式１１）
【０１００】
発電機ｉの時刻ｔの出力がＱitのとき、電気事業者が支払うコスト、すなわち発電事業者の発電機ｉによる収入Ｇitは式（１２）で計算する。
【０１０１】
出力Ｑitによる燃料コストに利益Ｍitを加算したものが起動停止計画用コスト関数で負荷配分したとき得られる利益が確保でき、これにベース配分ＢＰitと貢献分ＣＰitを加算したものである。買電コスト関数Ｃiを使うと式（１３）となる。パターン運転、スケジュール運転の発電機の出力ＰitとＱitは同じで、ＮitとＭitも同じで、ＢＰitとＣＰitはゼロとなり、Ｃi（Ｐit）となる。
【０１０２】

【０１０３】
ブロック７２では、実績出力や実績需要と利益配分用燃料コスト関数により負荷配分したときの発電機出力、実際の利益とデータベース８から読込んだ予想需要を用いて計算したときの予定利益、式（２）から式（１３）で計算した値等を表示装置７に表示する。
【０１０４】
発電機出力のグラフの例を図１１に示す。黒い部分が起動停止計画用コスト関数を用いたときの負荷配分結果であり、白い部分が実際の出力あるいは利益配分用燃料コスト関数での負荷配分結果である。図１１では黒い棒グラフの上に白い棒グラフを重ねているため、出力が変化したところのみが黒く見えている。
【０１０５】
表示する項目として、起動停止計画用のコスト関数を用いたときの各時刻の利益と再配分した追加利益がある。これにより、起動停止計画用のコスト関数で配分したときより、いくら利益が増加しているかがわかる。
【０１０６】
ブロック７９では上記で計算した発電機出力、増分利益等を格納するかどうか判定して、格納する場合はブロック８０にて、データベース８に格納する。さらに、発電事業者に上記で計算した発電機出力、増加利益等の情報を配信するかどうかを判定して、配信する場合はブロック８２にて、各発電事業者毎にその発電事業者のデータ項目を配信する。以上で、負荷配分利益計算の処理でデータ種別モードが「実績」のときの処理は以上で終わる。
【０１０７】
ブロック６５でデータ種別モードが「予想」のときは、ブロック７３以下の処理に移る。ブロック７３で負荷配分利益計算用データをデータベース８から読込む。読込むデータには、各発電機の制御用燃料コスト関数（ブロック２３２で計算）、起動停止計画用コスト関数（ブロック６０で計算）、発電機特性、予想需要、基本の負荷配分（ブロック６２で計算）等がある。ブロック７５では、予想総需要と制御用燃料コスト関数を用いて等ラムダ法により負荷配分する。
【０１０８】
但し、パターン運転（契約で出力が決まっており、電気事業者が制御できない発電機）とスケジュール運転（事前に作成した出力で運転する発電機。オンラインでは制御できない）の発電機については、パターン運転、スケジュール運転での出力が負荷配分値であるとする。
【０１０９】
ブロック７６では利益配分係数を設定する。図１２に利益配分係数の設定画面300の例を示す。係数301と係数302は増加した利益を電気事業者と発電事業者で配分する割り合いを示し、既に値が格納されておりこの値が存在してデータベースから読込まれているならば、その数値が表示され、まだ値が存在していないときはデフォルトの値が表示される。入力手段６を用いて数値を変更することができる。項目303は発電機の制御モードを示している。
【０１１０】
発電機１、２は自動なので電気事業者が指令した出力となるように制御でき、発電機３はパターン運転なので予め決めておいた出力となり、スケジュール運転はブロック６２で計算済みの負荷配分の出力となることを示している。パターン運転、スケジュール運転の発電機は利益を再配分する対象では無い。
【０１１１】
係数304は発電事業者に配分する再配分利益の内、利益配分対象となる発電事業者で配分される割合であり、残りは係数306で示す値で利益増加の貢献度に応じた発電事業者への割り合いとなる。項目305はベース配分するときに使用する各発電機の割り合いきめるものであり、「均等」が選ばれると発電機の定格出力に関係なく、均等に配分され、「定格」が選ばれると各発電機の定格出力に応じて配分されるため、大形の発電機程配分率が多くなり、同様に最大供給力が選ばれると、電気事業者１００に供給できる最大供給力に応じて配分される。
【０１１２】
最大供給力は作業による出力抑制や他の電気事業者へも供給しているときは電気事業者１００へ供給できる最大電力は減少するので、これを考慮したものである。係数307は出力変更による貢献度の係数で項目308では出力変更量の絶対値とするか定格出力に対する比率にするかを選択する。同様に係数309は出力変化の偏差による貢献度の係数で項目310では出力変化の偏差の絶対値とするか定格出力に対する比率にするかを選択する。
【０１１３】
ブロック７７では予想需要段階での利益を計算して、利益がどの程度期待できるかを発電事業者、電気事業者に提供する。予想需要をもとにブロック６２で計算した負荷配分値Ｐit、制御用燃料コスト関数を用いて計算したブロック７５の負荷配分値Ｑitとすると、ブロック７１で計算した考え方と同じ方法で利益および利益配分計算を行なう。スケジュール運転、パターン運転の発電機は新たな利益を発生するのに貢献しない。
【０１１４】
起動停止計画用コスト関数と予想需要から計算した負荷配分値Ｐitを用いて電気事業者がこの発電機ｉに支出する金額Ｂitを式（１４）により計算する。ここで、ｕitは発電機ｉが時刻ｔで運転していれば１、停止していれば０となる変数、Ｃｉ（Ｐit）は発電機ｉの出力がＰitのとき、電気事業者が買い取る買電コスト関数である。
【０１１５】
Ｂit＝ｕit×Ｃi（Ｐit） …（式１４）
【０１１６】
電気事業者の指令により自動運転される発電機ｉの本来の利益Ｍitは式（１５）で計算できる。本来の利益とは需要が固定の条件で電気事業者が発電事業者への支出が最小となるように発電機出力をＰitと負荷配分したときに発生する利益のことである。ここで、Ｄi（Ｐit）は発電機ｉの出力がＰitのときの利益配分用燃料コスト関数である。
【０１１７】
Ｍit＝ｕit×（Ｃi（Ｐit）−Ｄi（Ｐit）） …（式１５）
【０１１８】
次に、制御用燃料コスト関数を用いて経済負荷配分した出力Ｑitを用いることにより発電機ｉの利益Ｎitは式（１６）で計算できる。
【０１１９】
Ｎit＝ｕit×（Ｃi（Ｑit）−Ｄi（Ｑit）） …（式１６）
【０１２０】
パターン運転、スケジュール運転の発電機の出力はＰit、Ｑitとも同じであるため、式（１５）、式（１６）で計算した利益ＭitとＮitは同じになる。自動運転の発電機については、燃料費が最小となるように負荷配分していることから、電気事業者の支出を最小化するときよりも、発電事業者の利益の総和は増大している。
【０１２１】
電気事業者１００の起動停止計画用コスト関数を用いて最適化すると電気事業者が発電事業者への支出を最小化できるが、利益配分用燃料コスト関数を用いて最適化することにより電気事業者の支出はΣｕit×（Ｃi（Ｑit）−Ｃi（Ｐit））だけ増加し、利益が減少する。電気事業者と発電事業者のトータルでの支出の減少分は発電事業者の燃料費の削減分Ｙtに等しい。以下の式（１７）から式（２４）での加算（Σ）は自動運転の発電機を対象としたものである。
【０１２２】

【０１２３】
増大した利益Ｙtを電気事業者と自動運転の発電機としている発電事業者で配分する。ブロック７６で設定した利益配分係数を使用して利益を配分する。利益配分計算はブロック７１で説明した計算方法と同じである。まず、増大した利益の電気事業者と利益配分対象の発電事業者の割り合いをｈ、（１−ｈ）とすると、電気事業者の利益配分Ｓtは式（１８）となる。
【０１２４】
Ｓt＝Ｙt×ｈ …（式１８）
【０１２５】
ベース配分率V、出力変更量の絶対値ΔＲit、出力変化の差分量の絶対値ΔＳitを用いて、利益配分方式が均等の場合は式（１９）により計算する。ｎは利益配分対象の発電事業者数である。
【０１２６】
ＢＰit＝Ｙt×（１−ｈ）×ｖ／ｎ …（式１９）
【０１２７】
ベース配分方法には、定格出力に応じた場合、最大供給力に応じた場合があり、どの方法を使用するかはブロック７６で決定済である。発電機ｉの総貢献率ｗitは絶対値を用いたときは式（２０）、比率を用いたときは式（２１）となる。α、βは係数である。総貢献率を用いると発電機ｉの利益の配分ＣＰiは式（２２）となる。
【０１２８】
ｗit＝α×ΔＲit＋β×ΔＳit …（式２０）
ｗit＝（α×ΔＲit＋β×ΔＳit）／Ｐi,max …（式２１）
ＣＰit＝Ｙt×（１−ｈ）×（１−ｖ）×ｗit／Σｗit …（式２２）
【０１２９】
発電機ｉの時刻ｔの出力がＱitのとき、電気事業者が支払う予想コスト、すなわち発電事業者の発電機ｉによる予想収入Ｇitは式（２３）で計算する。出力Ｑitによる燃料コストに利益Ｍitを加算したものが起動停止計画用コスト関数で負荷配分したとき得られる利益が確保でき、これにベース配分ＢＰitと貢献分ＣＰitを加算したものである。
【０１３０】
買電コスト関数Ｃiを使うと式（２４）となる。パターン運転、スケジュール運転の発電機の出力ＰitとＱitは同じで、ＮitとＭitも同じ、ＢＰitとＣＰitはゼロとなり、Ｃi（Ｐit）となる。
【０１３１】

【０１３２】
ブロック７８では、予想需要、制御用燃料コスト関数により負荷配分たときの発電機出力Ｑit、起動停止計画用コスト関数で負荷配分したときの発電機出力Ｐit、式（１４）から式（２４）で計算した予想段階での利益と増分利益等を表示装置７に表示する。
【０１３３】
発電機出力のグラフはブロック７２と同様に図１１のように表示する。黒い部分が起動停止計画用コスト関数で負荷配分したときの発電機出力Ｐit、白い部分が制御用燃料コスト関数により負荷配分したときの発電機出力Ｑitである。他の表示する項目例として、起動停止計画用のコスト関数を用いたときの各時刻の利益と再配分した追加利益がある。これにより、起動停止計画用のコスト関数で配分したときより、いくら利益が増加しているかがわかる。
【０１３４】
ブロック７９からブロック８２では既に説明したように、条件により計算した値をデータベース８に格納、発電事業者へのデータ配信を行なう。負荷配分利益計算の処理でデータ種別モードが「予想」のときの処理は以上で終わる。
【０１３５】
上記の負荷配分利益計算の処理が終了すると、図５の画面に戻る。
【０１３６】
条件設定部１１で需給制御監視３８が選択されると、処理はコントロール部１０を介して、需給制御監視部１５のオンライン監視処理に移る。需給制御監視部１５では、需要家２、発電事業者３および一般電気事業者４から送られてきた、需要実績値、発電機出力を情報受配信部１８を経由して取り込み、また、需給制御監視部１５で常時計算している自動運転の発電機の制御指令値およびスケジュール運転、パターン運転発電機の計画値を表示装置７に表示する。
【０１３７】
監視制御をオンラインで常時監視するために、図１の表示装置を２つ以上にして、１つの表示装置には条件設定１１で需給制御監視３８が選択されるのとは関係なく、需要家２、発電事業者３および一般電気事業者４から送られてきた、需要実績値、発電機出力を情報受配信部１８を経由して取り込み、また、需給制御監視部１５で常時計算している自動運転の発電機の制御指令値およびスケジュール運転、パターン運転発電機の計画値を表示装置７に表示してもよい。
【０１３８】
需給制御監視部１５では、条件設定部１１で選択されるのとは無関係に、周期的（数秒から数分毎）に各発電機への指令値を計算して、指令値をコントロール部１０、情報受配信部１８を介して、発電機へ出力している。自動運転の発電機に対しては、事前に予想した総需要予想、計測した現在の総需要および現在の発電機出力をもとに同時同量を満たすように発電機指令値を計算している。スケジュール運転、パターン運転発電機の計画値を指令値とする。計画値の計算方法は制御用燃料コスト関数を用いて等ラムダ法により負荷配分している。
【０１３９】
条件設定部１１で収支計算３９が選択されると、処理はコントロール部１０を介して、図１３に示す収支計算部１６の処理フローに移る。収支計算部１６では、ブロック200でデータベース８から計画対象期間および、データ種別モードを読込む。ブロック201でデータ種別モードが「実績」のときは、ブロック202でデータベース８から収支計算期間の設定を行なう。負荷配分利益計算３７を選択したときの利益計算等は時間毎に計算するものであるが、収支計算３９では時間毎の他に、指定した期間全体の収支計算も行なう。
【０１４０】
ブロック203では収支計算用データをデータベース８から読込む。収支計算用データには、各需要家の需要実績、各発電機の発電機出力と出力指令値、需要家への売電コスト関数、需要家自身が実施した自己予想、指令値偏差ペナルティ係数、自己予想偏差によるペナルティ係数、一般電気事業者との同時同量偏差によるペナルティ係数、式（２）から式（１３）で計算した買電コスト、利益、増分利益等を読込む。ここで、ペナルティ係数としているが、偏差のしきい値毎にペナルティ係数があり、係数によっては需要家、発電事業者の収入の減少では無く、増加の係数も含むものとする。
【０１４１】
ブロック204では、発電事業者の収支計算をするために、電気事業者が指令した値との偏差によるペナルティＥitを計算する。ここでペナルティを設定する理由は、一般電気事業者との同時同量の偏差による費用をまかなうためである。電気事業者が予想した需要の誤差が大きければ指令値の合計と需要の誤差が大きくなり、この誤差によるペナルティは電気事業者が負担し、指令値と発電機出力との偏差が発生している場合は発電事業者にペナルティを受け持ってもらうためである。偏差は同時同量を満たす時間毎と言うことで、現状では３０分単位の偏差を用いてペナルティを計算する。
【０１４２】
発電事業者へのペナルティと偏差の関係の例を図１４に示す。この例では区分線形により偏差が大きいほどペナルティを大きくしている。区分の方法として、偏差の絶対値あるいは定格出力に対する比率を用いる。ブロック205では発電事業者の収支を計算する。これは、時刻ｔの時間毎に計算したコスト、燃料費、利益、増分利益、およびペナルティを加算することにより、時間毎の収支計算ができる。式（１２）で計算した収入ＧitにペナルティＥitを加算することにより、式（２５）に示すように電気事業者が発電事業者に支払うコストＴitが計算できる。
【０１４３】
Ｔit＝Ｇit＋Ｅit ・・・・（式２５）
【０１４４】
発電機１の収支計算結果の表示例を図１５に示す。収入Ｔは電気事業者が発電機事業者に支払うコストＴit、買電Ｃは発電機がの出力Ｑitにより計算した買電コストＣit、利益Ｍは起動停止用コスト関数を使用したときに得られる利益Ｍit、利益Ｎは出力Ｑitのときに買電コスト関数と燃料コスト関数から得られた利益Ｎit、追加利益ＢＰ＋ＣＰは出力をＰitからＱitに変更して発電事業者全体の燃料コストを低減して増加した利益を配分した再配分利益ＢＰit＋ＣＰitおよびペナルティＥは制御指令と発電機出力の偏差によって生じたペナルティEitである。図１５の例では発電事業者の発電機１の利益は本来得られる利益Ｍより、追加利益分だけ増加して、その分収入Ｔは増加している。但し、ペナルティの分は収入が減少している。予想段階ではペナルティＥはゼロである。収入、利益は予想需要から実績需要に変わることにより変化する。コストＴitは発電事業者の発電機ｉの時刻ｔにおいて、電気事業者が支払うコストであるため、これを収支の期間の総和をとることにより、その期間の電気事業者が支払うコストが計算できる。
【０１４５】
ブロック206では需要家が自分で需要予想して、電気事業者からの料金を安く契約する一方、予測精度の良否によりペナルティを支払うものである。ペナルティ係数はブロック204と同じく、区分線形により予測誤差に応じてペナルティを計算する。精度が良ければ、ペナルティがマイナスとなることもあり得る。需要家に対するペナルティは発電事業者と違って、時間毎にペナルティ係数が変化する。理由は最大需要、最小需要、需要の急増時刻、急減時刻の予測精度は重要であるが、それ以外の時刻は重要性が低いと考えられるためである。最大需要、最小需要はそもそも、起動停止計画を作成するときに新たに発電機を起動しなくてはいけないのか、停止したままで良いのかの判定に影響し、また、需要の急増、急減は発電機の出力変化が追従できなくて、同時同量が達成できない（誤差が大きい）可能性があるためである。これらは、直接コストへの影響するため、予測精度の良否によりペナルティを加えるものである。需要家のなかには、自分で需要予測するのでは無く、電気事業者が予測することもある。この需要家の予測誤差によるペナルティはゼロとなる。以上のようにして、各需要家のペナルティＤjtを計算する。また、ブロック207では需要家ｊの需要がＬjtとし、売電コスト関数Ｕj（Ｌjt）とすると需要家ｊが支払う料金Ｚjtを式（２６）で計算する。
【０１４６】
Ｚjt＝Ｕj（Ｌjt）＋Ｄjt …（式２６）
【０１４７】
図１６に需要家１の収支を表す画面の例を示す。図１６で料金Ｚは需要家１が電気事業者に支払う料金Ｚjt、コストＵは電気使用量に応じた電気事業者の売電コストＵjおよび需要家が自分で予想した予想需要の誤差によるペナルティＤjtである。需要家が自分で需要予測しない場合はペナルティＤjtはゼロである。予想段階ではペナルティＤがゼロとなるため、料金ＺとコストＵは同じ値になる。予想料金Ｚjtは需要家ｊが時刻ｔにおいて、電気事業者に支払うコストであるため、これを収支の期間の総和をとることにより、その期間の需要家ｊが支払うコストが計算できる。
【０１４８】
ブロック208では一般電気事業者との収支Ｒtを計算する。ここでは、電気事業者１００と一般電気事業者との契約で決めた基本料金Ａ、託送料金Ｂtおよび同時同量ペナルティＣtの和により電気事業者１００が一般電気事業者４へ支払う金額が決まる。同時同量ペナルティＣtは電気事業者１００が供給する総需要と発電事業者の総供給量の偏差に応じて計算する。偏差が大きい程、供給が不足するとペナルティは大きくなり、また供給が過剰になると安い料金で引き取られることになる。託送料金Ｂtは総需量に託送単価を掛けて計算する。よって、電気事業者１００が一般電気事業者へ支払う料金Ｒtは式（２７）となる。
【０１４９】
Ｒt＝Ａ＋Ｂt＋Ｃt …（式２７）
【０１５０】
料金Ｒtは電気事業者が時刻ｔにおいて、一般電気事業者に支払うコストであるため、これを収支の期間の総和をとることにより、その期間の電気事業者が支払うコストが計算できる。
【０１５１】
ブロック209では電気事業者の収支を計算する。電気事業者はΣｕit×（Ｃi（Ｑit）−Ｃi（Ｐit））だけ、支出が増加するが全体の利益増分でこの減少した分を補い、更に燃料費削減効果に割合を掛けたＹt×ｈだけ発電事業者への支出を削減できる。電気事業者の収支は、一般電気事業者への支払、発電事業者への支払、需要家からの収入により計算する。
【０１５２】
図１７に電気事業者の収支を表す画面の例を示す。「収入」は電気事業者が得られる収入である。「売電収入」は需要家に電気を供給することにより得られる収入、「買電収支」は発電事業者に支払う支出でペナルティを除いたもの、「追加利益」は発電事業者との協力によって生じた利益である。補正収支の項目には「需要家」項目にある需要家の需要予測誤差によるペナルティ、「発電事業者」項目は指令値と出力の偏差により計算したペナルティ、「一般電気事業者」項目は同時同量の未達により一般電気事業者との収支であり、これら３つを加算したものが「補正収支」の値である。需要家、発電事業者の収支項目は全需要家、全発電事業者の合計値が表示されている。「収入」は「売電収入」、「追加利益」、「補正収支」を加算したものであり、電気事業者の利益は「収入」から「買電支出」を引いたものとなる。
【０１５３】
以上により計算処理が終わり、次にブロック218で計算した値をデータベース８に格納するかどうかを選択して、格納する場合はブロック219によりデータベース８に格納する。次に、ブロック220では、計算した結果を需要家毎、発電事業者毎に配信するかどうかを選択して、配信する場合はブロック221により計算結果を配信する。以上で、データ種別モードが「実績」のときの収支計算部１６の処理が終了する。
【０１５４】
収支計算部１６の処理ブロック201でデータ種別モードが「予想」のときは、ブロック210でデータベース８から収支計算期間の設定を行なう。ブロック211では収支計算用データをデータベース８から読込む。収支計算用データには、各需要家の予想需要、予想需要を使って負荷配分した各発電機の発電機出力と出力指令値、需要家への売電コスト関数、需要家自身が実施した自己予想、指令値偏差ペナルティ係数、自己予想偏差によるペナルティ係数、一般電気事業者との同時同量偏差によるペナルティ係数、式（１４）から式（２４）で計算した買電コスト、予想利益、予想増分利益等を読込む。各ペナルティ係数はブロック203と同じ値である。予想段階では需要予測誤差、発電機指令値と発電機出力の差および同時同量の誤差はゼロである。
【０１５５】
ブロック212では、電気事業者が指令した値との偏差はゼロなのでペナルティＥitはゼロである。ブロック213では発電事業者の収支を計算する。これは、時刻ｔの時間毎に計算したコスト、燃料費、利益、増分利益、およびペナルティを加算することにより、時間毎の収支計算ができる。式（２５）で示した式により電気事業者が発電機事業者に支払う予想コストＴitを計算する。コストＴitは発電事業者の発電機ｉの時刻ｔにおいて、電気事業者が支払う予想コストであるため、これを収支の期間の総和をとることにより、その期間の電気事業者が支払う予想コストが計算できる。
【０１５６】
ブロック214での需要家に対する予想ペナルティＤjtはゼロである。ブロック215では需要家ｊの需要がＬjtとし、売電コスト関数Ｕj（Ｌjt）とすると需要家ｊが支払う予想料金Ｚjtを式（２６）で計算する。料金Ｚjtは需要家ｊが時刻ｔにおいて、電気事業者に支払う予想コストであるため、これを収支の期間の総和をとることにより、その期間の需要家ｊが支払う予想コストが計算できる。
【０１５７】
ブロック216では一般電気事業者との予想収支Ｒtを計算する。ここでは、電気事業者１００と一般電気事業者との契約で決めた基本料金Ａ、託送料金Ｂtおよび同時同量ペナルティＣtの和により電気事業者１００が一般電気事業者４へ支払う予想金額が決まる。基本的には電気事業者は需要家の総需要を発電事業者の供給力で同時同量を達成するはずであるため同時同量ペナルティＣtはゼロであるが、万一、発電事業者よりも一般電気事業者のほうから安い価格で電力を購入できるときは、購入した分だけ同時同量ペナルティＣtが発生する。
【０１５８】
電気事業者１００が一般電気事業者へ支払う予想料金Ｒtは式（２７）となる。料金Ｒtは電気事業者が時刻ｔにおいて、一般電気事業者に支払う予想コストであるため、これを収支の期間の総和をとることにより、その期間の電気事業者が支払う予想コストが計算できる。
【０１５９】
ブロック217では電気事業者の収支を計算する。電気事業者の収支は、一般電気事業者への支払、発電事業者への支払、需要家からの収入により計算する。
【０１６０】
以上により計算処理が終わり、次にブロック218で計算した値をデータベース８に格納するかどうかを選択して、格納する場合はブロック219によりデータベース８に格納する。次に、ブロック220では、計算した結果を発電事業者毎に配信するかどうかを選択して、配信する場合はブロック221により計算結果を配信する。データ種別モードが「予想」のときのは、需要を自己予想した需要家に対してのみ計算結果を配信するものとする。以上で、データ種別モードが「予想」のときの収支計算部１６の処理が終了する。
【０１６１】
上記の収支計算の処理が終了すると、図５の画面に戻る。
【０１６２】
条件設定部１１で燃料コスト関数補正４０が選択されると、処理はコントロール部１０を介して、図１８に示す燃料コスト関数補正部１７の処理フローに移る。燃料コスト関数補正部１７では、ブロック223で燃料コスト関数を「補正」するかどうかを選択する。「補正」を選択したときは、ブロック224で補正期間を設定する。
【０１６３】
ブロック222では各発電事業者の燃料種別毎に熱量単価を設定する。燃料の熱量単価は燃料の種類、燃料を購入したときの価格により変化する。発電事業者３が実際に購入した燃料の熱量およびそのときの燃料単価の平均値や通関を通ったときの対象燃料の平均価格を入力する。電気事業者が自由に熱量単価を設定することもできる。
【０１６４】
ブロック225ではブロック224で設定した補正期間の発電機出力、燃料消費量の実績および制御用効率関数をデータベース８から読込む。ブロック226では読込んだ発電機出力と燃料消費量の実績から回帰分析により、燃料消費量を発電機出力を用いた関数式とする。ここで、回帰分析には最小二乗法を用いるが、分析に使用した燃料の総量と回帰分析に使用した各発電機出力を回帰式に入力して求めた総燃料消費量が一致する条件をつけるものとする。
【０１６５】
総燃料消費量が実測と計算式で一致する条件を追加して、回帰分析式をもとめることにより、収支計算するときの燃料消費量が正確になる。これにより、発電事業者の利益計算および配分もより適正な値にできる。
【０１６６】
図１９に補正期間の発電機出力、燃料消費量の実績、制御用効率関数および利益配分用効率関数を示す。制御用効率関数はこの関数を求める以前の実績データを用いた回帰分析式であり、利益配分用効率関数は補正期間の発電機出力、燃料消費量の実績を用いた回帰分析式である。使用するデータが異なるため回帰式が多少変化する。
【０１６７】
また、図２０は補正期間の燃料消費量の実績値と制御用効率関数に補正期間の発電機出力の実績値を代入して求めた燃料消費量の計算値を表示した例である。
【０１６８】
同様に比較として、利益配分用効率関数を用いて燃料消費量を計算した値との比較の図を作成することもできる。燃料消費量を計算値と実績値で一致させる他の方法として、制御用効率関数から計算した総燃料消費量と燃料消費量の実績値の誤差分をゼロとするように、制御用効率関数の定数項のみ、一次係数のみ、二次係数のみあるいは係数全体に定数を掛けて誤差をゼロとなるようにして、制御用効率関数を補正して利益配分用効率関数とする方法も有る。
【０１６９】
ブロック238では利益配分用コスト関数を計算する。利益配分用コスト関数はブロック227で計算した利益配分用効率関数とブロック222で設定した熱量単価の積で計算する。ブロック228ではブロック227で計算した利益配分用効率関数、利益配分用コスト関数に対して適用してよい期間（最初に設定した補正期間）を設定する。
【０１７０】
ブロック234では上記で計算した値を格納するかどうかを選択して、格納する場合はデータベース８に格納する。また、ブロック236では配信するかどうかを選択して、配信する場合はブロック237で発電事業者毎にその事業者の計算結果を配信する。
【０１７１】
図１７に示す燃料コスト関数補正１７の処理フローのブロック223で燃料コスト関数の「補正」を選択しないときは、ブロック229で分析期間を設定する。分析期間は任意に設定できるが、発電機の効率カーブは海水気温等の外部要因、設備の劣化等による内部要因があるので、例えば至近の１ヶ月間と前年の翌月を設定する。ブロック230では各発電事業者の燃料種毎に熱量単価を設定する。燃料の熱量単価は燃料の種類、燃料を購入したときの価格により変化する。
【０１７２】
発電事業者３が実際に購入した燃料の熱量およびそのときの燃料単価の至近時点の平均値や通関を通ったときの対象燃料の至近時点の平均価格を入力する。電気事業者が自由に熱量単価を設定することもできる。
【０１７３】
ブロック231ではブロック229で入力した期間の発電機出力と燃料消費量の実績データをデータベース８から読込む。ブロック232では回帰分析により、燃料消費量と発電機出力の制御用効率関数を求める。このときは、回帰式からもとめた燃料の総消費量と実績の燃料消費量が一致する条件をつけるかどうかも設定しておく。また、新規の発電機の場合には実績データが無いことがありうるので、回帰式は手動でも入力できる画面がある。手動で入力するときは、出荷時の特性を入力するのが良い。
【０１７４】
ブロック239では制御用燃料コスト関数を計算する。制御用燃料コスト関数はブロック232で計算した制御用効率関数とブロック230で設定した熱量単価の積で計算する。ブロック233ではブロック232で計算した制御用効率関数、ブロック239で計算した制御用燃料コスト関数を適用して良い期間を設定する。ブロック234では上記で計算した値を格納するかどうかを選択して、格納する場合はデータベース８に格納する。また、ブロック236では配信するかどうかを選択して、配信する場合はブロック237で発電事業者毎にその事業者の計算結果を配信する。
【０１７５】
以上で、燃料コスト関数補正４０で「補正」でないときの処理を終了する。上記の燃料コスト関数補正計算の処理が終了すると、図５の画面に戻る。
【０１７６】
上記では電気事業者が使用する例を用いて説明したが、需要家２あるいは発電事業者３が使用しても良い。但し、需要家２あるいは発電事業者３は電気事業者１００が事前に与えたユーザＩＤ、パスワードにより遠隔で計算機システム（電力需給制御装置）１にログインして、使用するものとする。ユーザＩＤに与えられた権限により表示されるのはユーザ自身の情報のみとする。また、ユーザＩＤで自分の需要を予測する許可を得ている需要家と判定された場合は、需要予測の結果をデータベース８に格納できる。
【０１７７】
上記では、コストとして、燃料コストを考慮しているが、将来的には環境コスト等がコスト関数に導入されても良い。
【０１７８】
Ｃ．本実施例の効果
本実施例によれば、電気事業者１００は買電コスト最小化となる負荷配分に対して、発電事業者３の燃料費最小の負荷配分を実施し、この配分結果で発電機に指令値を送ることにより燃料費を削減でき、この結果、燃料費を削減できた原資をもとに買電コスト最小化のときの利益以上の利益を提供できる。この制御方法により燃料消費量を削減でき、CO2、NOx等の排出を削減できる。また、電気事業者は需要家、発電事業者に料金、収支、収支予想、利益、増加利益等の情報サービスを提供することができる。
【０１７９】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、電気事業者は買電コストと燃料コストの２つのコストの差異を使うことにより、発電事業者の燃料費を抑制すると同時に電気事業者の利益を増加させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】機能構成を示す図である。
【図２】出力決定装置のハードウェア構成を示す図である。
【図３】プレーヤ間の電力の流れと料金情報の流れを示す図である。
【図４】プレーヤ間の電力と需給計画情報の流れを示す図である。
【図５】全体をコントロールする画面の例を示す図である。
【図６】需要予想の処理フロー示す図である。
【図７】起動停止計画を作成する処理フローを示す図である。
【図８】コスト特性を選択する画面の例を示す図である。
【図９】コスト特性の重み係数を入力、表示する画面の例を示す図である。
【図１０】負荷配分利益計算の処理フローを示す図である。
【図１１】コスト関数の違いによる発電機の負荷配分結果の違いの例を示す図である。
【図１２】利益配分の係数を入力、表示する画面の例を示す図である。
【図１３】収支計算のフローを示す図である。
【図１４】指令値と実出力の平均偏差によるペナルティを示す図である。
【図１５】発電事業者の発電機の収支項目を表示した画面例を示す図である。
【図１６】需要家の支出項目を表示した画面例を示す図である。
【図１７】電気事業者の収支項目を表示した画面例を示す図である。
【図１８】燃料コスト関数の補正フローを示す図である。
【図１９】燃料消費と発電機出力の関係を表示した画面例を示す図である。
【図２０】総燃料消費量の時間経過の画面例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１…電力需給制御装置、２…需要家、３…発電事業者、４…一般電気事業者、５…データ処理部、６…入力装置、７…表示装置、８…データベース部、９…読取装置、１０…コントロール部、１１…条件設定部、１２…需要予想部、１３…起動停止計画作成部、１４…負荷配分利益計算部、１５…需給制御監視部、１６…収支計算部、１７…燃料コスト関数補正部、１８…情報受配信部、２０…入出力装置、２１…ＣＰＵ、２２…外部記憶装置、２３…主記憶装置、１００…電気事業者。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With the progress of the liberalization of power, the present invention has made it possible to supply not only general electric utilities but also specific scale electric utilities, specific electric utilities, etc. Electricity supply and demand control method and apparatus for improving profits for both electric utilities and generators based on the difference between the charge form based on the power sales contract with the operators and the fuel consumption characteristics of the generators of the generators About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since general electric utilities own power generation facilities, transmission / transformation facilities, and distribution facilities, general electric utilities maintain the reliability of the grid based on the predicted power demand, and the fuel consumed by the power generation facilities An economic load distribution plan for generators was created to minimize costs. The purpose of the general electric utility at this time is to control the operation of the power system so that the profit can be maximized while maintaining the reliability of the system.
[0003]
In order to maximize profits, the income (electricity charges) obtained is constant for a given demand, so the general electric utility is the page 103 of the document “Electric Power System Engineering” (written by Taiji Sekine). As shown on page 115, the fuel cost, which is the cost required for power generation, was minimized.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
With the progress of the liberalization of electric power, not only general electric power companies but also specific electric power companies, specific electric power companies, etc. can supply electric power. Further, in the future, general electric utilities may also be separated into accounting, generation, transmission / distribution operators (system operation operators), and distribution operators for power generation, transmission / transformation and distribution. That is, the electric power company and the power generation company make a contract such as an electricity bill in order to maximize their profits.
[0005]
At this time, if the electricity supplier has a constant demand and the income from the customer is constant, each power generation business will be able to purchase electricity at the lowest price among the price forms contracted with multiple power generation companies. The amount of power (generator output) to be purchased from the person is determined. Since this result does not necessarily minimize the expenditure (fuel cost) for the power generation company, maximization of profits of the power generation company is not considered. At the same time, since the objective function is to minimize the spending of electric utilities, the amount of fuel consumption increases and the environmental impact increases.
[0006]
The first object of the present invention is to set a plan for maximizing the profit of the electric power company (minimizing the expenditure to the electric power generation company) as a profit standard for the electric power company and the power generation company, and to reduce the fuel cost of the power generation company A power supply and demand control method and device that increases the profits above the standard profits by distributing the increased profits of the power generation companies to the power generation companies and the electric power companies by implementing the plan and control to minimize in actual operation. It is to provide.
[0007]
The second object of the present invention is to suppress the environmental impact caused by power generation by actually adopting a plan and control for minimizing fuel consumption rather than maximizing the profits of electric utilities, for example, CO2 , NOx etc. Emissions It is an object of the present invention to provide a power supply and demand control method and apparatus that efficiently reduce power consumption and use limited resources.
[0008]
The third object of the present invention is that the power generator actually purchased by calculating the average fuel unit price calculated based on the quantity and price of imported goods in customs clearance statistics, which is used for actual load allocation. If the unit price of fuel is higher than the average unit price of fuel, the fuel cost is relatively low. Estimate As a result, many basic profits are estimated and profits increase. It seems to be. Conversely, if the procurement unit price of the fuel purchased by the power generation company is lower than the average fuel unit price, the power generation cost itself can be reduced. Therefore, the power supply and demand control method apparatus and apparatus for reducing the risks associated with fuel procurement are provided. It is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses a plan in which the electric power company minimizes the expenditure to the power generation company as a standard plan, whereas in actual operation, the electric power company reduces the fuel cost of the power generation company. By making the plan and control to be minimized the actual plan and the actual control, respectively, the profit of the actual plan and the actual control when the electric power company and the power generation company are one business entity is equal to or higher than the standard plan. By adding the increased profit to the profits of each business operator in the standard plan, the profits of all business operators can be made equal to or higher than those in the standard plan.
[0010]
Further, the actual plan and control to be adopted can be minimized by using the optimization plan and control with the fuel cost as an objective function.
[0011]
Furthermore, the function of fuel cost is not the actual fuel cost currently used by general electric utilities, but the thermal efficiency and average fuel unit price of each generator is not the unit price of fuel purchased by individual generators, but the average unit price ( By using the product with the power generation company, customs clearance), power generation companies with high generator fuel purchase unit prices have a relatively large profit in the basic plan, and when fuel is purchased at a low unit price, fuel costs Profit reduction risk can be suppressed by making it cheaper.
[0012]
With the above measures, it is possible to provide an electric power supply and demand control method and apparatus that increase profits for electric power companies and power generation companies.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of a power supply and demand control apparatus and method according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
A. Device configuration
(1) Hardware configuration
As shown in FIG. 2, the power supply and demand control apparatus 1 of this embodiment includes a central processing unit (CPU) 21, a main storage device 23, an input / output device 20, and an external storage device 22.
[0015]
The input / output device 20 includes a keyboard and a mouse as the input device 6, and a display device 7 including a CRT (cathode ray tubu) as an output device. The input / output device 20 may include input means such as a pointing device and a touch sensor, or output means such as a liquid crystal display device, a printer, and a speaker instead of or in combination with them.
[0016]
The external storage device 22 includes a hard disk device, a floppy disk device, a CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory) device, a DAT (digital videotape) device, a RAM (randam access memory) device, a DVD (digital video disc) device, A nonvolatile memory or the like can be used. In the present embodiment, as the external storage device 22, a large-capacity storage device for holding the database 8 and the like, a storage medium for holding a processing program, etc., and a reading for reading information held in the storage medium Although the apparatus 9 is used, the present invention is not limited to these, and both the database and the processing program may be held in one external storage device. As the storage medium, a floppy disk, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, DAT, RAM, DVD, non-volatile memory, or the like can be used.
[0017]
(2) Relationship of participating players
FIG. 3 shows the flow of power and the flow of fee information. The player is an electric power company 100, a consumer 2 who has a supply contract with the electric power company, a power generation company 3, and a general electric power company. 4 And general electric utilities 4 Consists of consumers 101. General electric utility 4 Owns a generator group 102 and a power net 103. In the future, when a general electric company splits accounting or business into power generation, power transmission, and distribution, the role of the general electric company here corresponds to the power transmission company. Electrical The business operator 100 controls the power generation amount of the power generation business operator 3 so as to balance the power consumption amount of the consumer 2.
[0018]
In addition, the general electric utility 4 controls the generator group 102 so as to balance the power demand and the power generation amount of the entire power system. Electrical The electric utility 4 supplies or suppresses the unbalance between supply and demand by the operator 100. In the supply of electric power to the customer 2, the power generation company 3 is sent to the power transmission port of the power net 103, is entrusted through the power net 103, and reaches the power reception port of each customer 2.
[0019]
When the demand of the customer 2 and the power generation of the power generation company 3 are insufficient, the power generated by the generator group 102 of the general electric company 4 is sent to the customer 2 via the power net 103. . When power is excessive due to the demand of the consumer 2 and the power generation of the power generation company 3, this excess is reduced by suppressing the power generation amount of the generator group 102 of the general electric company 4. 101 will be sent via the power net 103.
[0020]
The electric power company 100 collects a charge from a consumer according to the power consumption, and pays the power generation company 3 a charge according to the power generation amount. In addition, the electric utility 100 and the general electric utility 4 exchange charges according to the amount of electric power transferred.
[0021]
FIG. 4 shows the flow of information between the players.
[0022]
The electric power company 100 sends a demand forecast for the next day, week, month and year to the general electric power company 4, and the general electric power company 4 measures the demand amount and power generation amount of the customer 2 measured by the consumer power meter 106. The power generation amount of the power generation company 3 measured in 107 and the balance information due to the unbalance between the two are received. However, when the electric power company 100 installs the consumer wattmeter 106 and the power generation amount measuring instrument 107, data is collected independently.
[0023]
The electric utility 100 receives event information (including changes in working hours, disposal of obsolete equipment, introduction of new equipment, changes in equipment operating status, etc.) from the consumer 2, the demand forecast expected by the consumer 2, Charge information corresponding to power consumption is sent to the customer 2.
[0024]
The electric power company 100 issues a control command to the generator 104 of the power generation company 4, and sends a start / stop plan, a load distribution plan, a profit calculation result, and income and expenditure information, and the power generation company 3 receives a work plan, a generator characteristic, The fuel consumption measured by the fuel type and the fuel consumption measuring device 108 is sent.
[0025]
(3) Functional configuration
FIG. 1 shows the functional configuration of the power supply and demand control apparatus 1 according to the present invention and the overall configuration of related companies.
[0026]
The power supply / demand control apparatus 1 includes the input device 6, the display device 7, the database 8, the reading device 9, and the data processing unit 5 described above. In this embodiment, the data processing unit 5 is realized by the CPU 21 executing a program that is stored in advance in the storage medium of the external storage device 22 and read into the main storage device 23 via the reading device 9. However, the present invention is not limited to such a programmed general purpose processor. For example, the data processing unit 5 may be realized by a combination with a specific hardware device including a hard wired logic that executes each step of the present invention.
[0027]
The power supply / demand control apparatus 1 includes a data processing device 5, an input device 6, a display device 7, a database 8, and a reading device 9, and is realized by a computer device such as a personal computer. The data processing device 5 includes a control unit 10, a condition setting unit 11, a demand prediction unit 12, a start / stop plan creation unit 13, a load distribution profit calculation unit 14, a supply and demand control unit 15, a balance calculation unit 16, a fuel cost function correction unit 17, and An information receiving / distributing unit 18 is provided.
[0028]
Although it is considered that there are various players in the electric power business, only those related to the electric power company 100 using the electric power supply and demand control device 1 are shown in FIG.
[0029]
The players here related to the electric power company 100 include a consumer 2 who has a power retail contract with the electric power company 100, a power generation company 3 with a power wholesale contract with the electric power company 100, demand A house 2 and a power generation company 3 enter a regional jurisdiction, and there is a general electric utility 4 that supplies an unbalanced supply and demand of the entire power system in this jurisdiction.
[0030]
The customer 2 may be a plurality of customers. There may be a plurality of power generation companies 3, and one power generation company may own a generator as a plurality of power supply sources. The general electric utility 4 has a plurality of power generation facilities and owns transmission and transformation facilities and distribution facilities. The electric power company 100 does not issue a command to the facilities of the general electric power company 4.
[0031]
In FIG. 1, the consumer 2, the power generation company 3, and the general electric power company 4 represent the business, and here, it includes equipment owned by each business and further monitors the state of the equipment. And a computer for monitoring and controlling the sensors installed in the system and its equipment.
[0032]
The input device 6 accepts input of a user ID, password, data, condition selection, etc. displayed on the display device 7, and the condition setting unit 11, demand forecasting unit 12, start / stop plan creation unit 13 through the control unit 10. The load distribution profit calculation unit 14, the supply and demand control unit 15, the balance calculation unit 16, the fuel cost function correction unit 17, and the information receiving / distributing unit 18. The display device 7 is also means for displaying data sent from the input device 6.
[0033]
The data processing device 5 is notified from the data notified from the input device 6, the data read from the database 8, the processing program read from the reading device 9, the consumer 2, the power generation company 3 and the general electric power company 4. It is a means to realize optimal power supply and demand control based on the data.
[0034]
In this embodiment, the processing result by the data processing device 5 is sent to the display device 7 for display and stored in the database 8. Further, the demand forecast and balance calculation under the conditions set by the customer 2, load distribution, profit calculation, balance calculation and fuel cost function correction under the conditions set by the power generation company 3 are required. In this case, the demand forecast, load distribution, profit calculation, fuel cost function correction and balance calculation results calculated by the data processing device 5 can be viewed.
[0035]
The power supply and demand control device 1 outputs a control signal such as a generator output to the power generation company 3 through the information receiving / distributing unit 18 to control the generator, and also the fuel consumption of the generator of the power generation company 3, the generator Receive the measured value of the output. These transmitted and received data are stored in the database 8. Further, the demand value of the customer 2 is also received directly from the power system of the general electric utility 4 or the customer 2 through the information receiving / distributing unit 18 and stored in the database 8.
[0036]
The control unit 10 processes and processes data to smoothly exchange data and processing programs between the processing units 11-17, and controls the exchange to operate the entire process normally. It is means of.
[0037]
The condition setting unit 11 inputs a plan creation start date, period (next day, week, month, year) or plan creation end date via the control unit 10 and executes a necessary calculation process. Already run the database to transfer processing to 8 And / or External memory It is a means for reading conditions such as power system data, generator characteristics, power transmission / transformation equipment characteristics, objective functions, processing programs, etc., which are stored in the storage medium of the device 22 and determine the generator output. Also, conditions Setting section 11 Modify the loaded condition, create a new condition, 10 Through the database created condition 8 To store.
[0038]
The demand forecast unit 12, the start / stop plan creation unit 13, the load distribution profit calculation unit 14, the balance calculation unit 16, and the fuel cost function correction unit 17 are stored in the database 8 via the control unit 10, processing program Is stored in the database 8 via the control unit 10 and displayed on the display device 7.
[0039]
The demand forecasting unit 12 reads the demand forecast value predicted by the customer 2 from the database 8 based on past demand results, weather information, customer event information and weather information on the planning target day, and customer event information. To predict.
[0040]
The start / stop plan creation unit 13 creates a start / stop plan so as to satisfy the operational constraints of the generator and minimize the cost. Based on the start / stop plan, the load distribution profit calculation unit 14 creates a load distribution plan for the generator so as to minimize the fuel cost. Here, the cost functions used are a power purchase cost function and a fuel cost function. The profit of each power generation company 3 when optimized with the power purchase cost function is profitable to the power generation company 3 and the electric company 100 with the incremental profit of all the power generation companies 3 when optimized with the fuel cost function To distribute.
[0041]
The balance calculator 16 calculates the charge of the customer 2 according to the amount of power used. Calculate the fuel cost and profits of the power generation company 3. Furthermore, the amount of power generation with the general electric utility 4 is calculated, and the balance is calculated. The fuel cost function correction unit 17 sets the unit price of heat (yen / cal) of fuel used by the power generation company, and minimizes the error between the fuel consumption calculated from the generator output and the measured fuel consumption. Change the consumption efficiency function and cost function.
[0042]
The supply and demand control monitoring unit 15 periodically calculates the generator command value so that the supply and demand balance of the amount of power for a certain period matches the demand forecast, the measured demand, and the measured generator output. Delivery It is sent to the power generation company 3 via the section 18.
[0043]
Further, the power generation command value, the demand of the customer 2 sent from the general electric utility 4 and the generator output of the power generation enterprise 3 are displayed on the display device 7. The information receiving and distributing unit 18 sends the results calculated by the processing units 12 to 17 to the consumer 2 and the power generation company 3, and sends the information from the customer 2, the power generation company 3 and the general electric power company 4 to the control unit 10. Then, it is stored in the database 8 or sent to the supply and demand control monitoring unit 15.
[0044]
Since the evaluation of the same amount at the same time is 30 minutes at present, the balance calculation and the data used for the balance calculation are average values for 30 minutes. In the computer, the unit time of evaluation can be changed freely. In addition, it is necessary to balance generator output and demand in consideration of power transmission loss, but in the following explanation, it is described that there is no power transmission loss. The control cycle for sending the command value to the generator is from a few seconds to a few minutes.
[0045]
(4) Contents of database
The database 8 stores the following items. The processing program of each processing unit 10 to 18, the data used for the calculation of each processing unit 10 to 18, and the calculation result.
[0046]
As an example of data, the generator characteristics (maximum output, minimum output, fuel consumption efficiency function, fuel unit price, fuel type, fuel heat amount), power purchase cost characteristic, operation type (pattern) of each generator 3 Operation, schedule operation, other PPS supply force pattern, automatic operation), work stoppage plan, generator output command value, actual generator output, generator's penalty coefficient (generator output power relative to generator output command value) Penalty is added according to the quantity error), the type of each customer 2's customer (provide the demand by himself, provide the result, leave it to the electric utility 100), demand related data (actual weather, event, forecast Weather, event), demand forecast value, actual demand value, customer penalty coefficient (when a customer forecasts demand, a penalty is added according to the error), electric utility penalty (simultaneous same amount) Basic fee in accordance with the penalty and the contract to be paid to the General Electricity Utility to when that could not be achieved, including the consignment fee), the planning period, power transmission loss, the power purchase cost function, there is a fuel cost function or the like.
[0047]
B. Process flow
The process of the power supply / demand control apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, it is assumed that the user is an electric power company. The electric utility is a super user and can use all functions.
[0048]
On the initial screen, enter the user ID and password to confirm that you are an electric utility. When the password for the user ID is different, it is not possible to proceed to the screen shown in FIG.
[0049]
FIG. 5 shows a screen of information input by the condition setting unit 11, which is a screen displayed on the display device 7. The process at the prediction stage will be described first. Here, the planned date 31 is input by the input device 6 and the planned period 32 is selected. In the example of FIG. 5, it is shown that the next day is selected as the planning period. Therefore, the next day plan for March 1, 2001 will be created.
[0050]
Next, the input data is determined by the determination button 33. When determined, these dates are stored in the database 8 via the control unit 10, and the demand forecast result, start / stop plan creation result, load distribution profit calculation result, balance calculation result, fuel cost function for this period When the correction result already exists in the database, it is displayed on the screen so that the calculation result already exists. At the same time, the data type mode used by the database 8 is set to “expected”.
[0051]
In the example of FIG. 5, since the demand prediction 35 has already been calculated, the display of this portion is hatched. The display color may be changed. Also, if there is no demand forecast result and there is a start / stop plan result or load distribution calculation result, the start / stop plan result and load distribution profit calculation result for the target plan period are automatically deleted from the database. Thus, the start / stop plan 36 and the load distribution profit calculation 37 are not hatched.
[0052]
Similarly, when a start / stop plan is not created and a load distribution profit calculation result exists, the load distribution profit calculation result of the plan period is stored in the database 8. From The load distribution profit calculation 37 is not hatched.
[0053]
When the clear button 34 is selected, the display data for the date 31 and the period 32 are cleared, and at the same time, when the demand forecast 35, the start / stop plan 36, the load distribution profit calculation 37, the balance calculation 39, and the fuel cost function correction 40 are hatched. This hatching is released.
[0054]
Next, a case where a result is selected in the planning period 32 will be described. When a record is selected in the plan period 32 and the decision button 33 is selected, the data type mode used by the database 8 is set to “result”. When actual demand data exists, the demand forecast 35 is hatched, and since there is also a generator operation result, the start / stop plan creation 36 is also hatched. When load distribution profit calculation results and balance calculation results already exist, load distribution profit calculation 37 and balance calculation 39 are hatched, respectively.
[0055]
After selecting the decision button 33, the operator selects what he wants to process next from the demand forecast 35, start / stop plan creation 36, load distribution profit calculation 37, demand / supply control monitoring 38, balance calculation 39, and fuel cost function correction 40. To do.
[0056]
When the demand forecast 35 is selected by the condition setting unit 11, the process proceeds to the demand forecast unit 12 via the control unit 10.
[0057]
The processing flow of the demand forecasting unit 12 is shown in FIG.
[0058]
First, the plan target period and the data type mode are read from the database 8 at block 41. When the data type mode is determined in block 42 and the mode is “actual”, the actual demand and the predicted demand predicted in the past are read from the database 8 in block 43. In block 44, the actual demand and the predicted demand are displayed on the display device 7. As for the display, it is possible to select the display of the demand actual value for each time in the “table” or “graph” and the “total demand” of the customer 2 or the individual “for each consumer”.
[0059]
There are two types of consumers: “self-prediction” in which the customer himself / herself forecasts demand, and “electricity company forecast” in which the electricity supplier predicts. “Self-predictions” and “Electricity forecasts” can be displayed. Next, when “distribution” of demand data is selected in block 45, the actual demand and the “self-predicted” demand are distributed to each customer 2 via the control unit 10 and the information receiving / distributing unit 18. When the type of consumer is “Electric Utility Forecast”, only the actual demand is sent. The data to be distributed here is only the demand data of individual consumers, and the data of other consumers is not distributed.
[0060]
When the data type mode is “forecast” in block 42, if the consumer type is “self prediction” in block 47, the demand forecast data predicted by the consumer is read from the database 8. Next, in block 48, the past demand record, weather, and event information of each customer are read from the database 8. In block 49, a relational expression between demand and weather is obtained by regression analysis or the like, and predicted weather is input to the regression formula from the input device 6 to predict demand of each customer.
[0061]
Thereafter, the operator corrects the predicted value in consideration of the influence of the event. Forecast every 30 minutes, or forecast only the maximum or minimum demand first, determine the day when the forecast weather and events are similar, and the maximum or minimum demand in the time series pattern of demand performance on this day The time-series forecasted demand is calculated by expanding and contracting the pattern so that is consistent with the forecast value. The total demand forecast of the entire consumer is calculated by adding the forecast demand of each consumer.
[0062]
In block 50, the demand forecast value and the total demand forecast of each customer are displayed on the display device 7. In block 51, when “storage” of the prediction result is selected, the demand predicted by the electric power company 100, the total demand prediction, and the demand predicted by the customer itself are stored in the database 8 for each consumer.
[0063]
When the above-described display of demand results, distribution, or demand forecast processing is completed, the screen returns to the screen of FIG. The date 31 and the period 32 are read from the database 8 and are in the same state as when the demand prediction unit 12 moves to processing. Here, when the decision is selected, the demand forecast 35 is hatched, and it can be confirmed that the demand forecast value or the demand record in the planning period exists in the database 8.
[0064]
When the start / stop plan creation 36 is selected by the condition setting unit 11, the process proceeds to the processing flow of the start / stop plan creation unit 13 illustrated in FIG. 7 via the control unit 10.
[0065]
The start / stop plan creation unit 13 reads the plan target period and the data type mode from the database 8 in block 53. When the data type mode is “actual” in block 54, the generator start / stop performance is read from the database 8 in block 55. Here, the start / stop results are the time when the start command is issued to the generator 104 of the power generator 3, the time when the system parallel time and the minimum output of the generator are exceeded, the time when the stop command is issued, the system disconnection It is the time and the time when it is below the minimum output.
[0066]
Next, in block 56, the start / stop results are displayed on the display device 7. If the generator does not start or stop during the planned period due to continuous operation or continuous stop, the time is not displayed and a blank state is displayed. In block 57, it is selected whether or not the start / stop results are distributed to the power generation company 3, and in the case of distribution, the start / stop results are distributed to each power generation company in block 58.
[0067]
If it is determined in block 54 that the data type mode is “forecast”, the process proceeds to block 59. In block 59, data necessary for the start / stop plan is read from the database 8. For the data to be read, the demand forecast value for the target period, generator characteristics, power purchase cost characteristics, operation type, work stoppage plan, and generators whose operation type is “pattern” generate power every 30 minutes Read machine output. The start / stop plan for the generators that have been stopped will be stopped. In addition, the generator whose operation type is “pattern” has a generator output according to the pattern, and the operation is performed when there is an output and is stopped when the output is zero.
[0068]
Next, an example of the screen of the block 60 is shown in FIG. Here, the cost function to be minimized when the generator start-up plan owned by the power generation company 3 is created is selected. In FIG. 8, black ● is selected and ◎ is not selected.
[0069]
By selecting the decision button 42, the database 8 stores whether the cost function used when creating the start / stop plan is the power purchase cost function or the fuel cost function. Selecting the end button ends the cost function setting.
[0070]
The cost function includes a power purchase cost function purchased by the electric power company 100 or a fuel cost function of the generator of the power generation company 3. The power purchase cost function is a function determined by a contract between the electric power company 100 and the power generation company 3. On the other hand, the fuel cost function F (P) (unit: yen) is the efficiency function f (P) (unit: cal) that expresses the fuel consumption by the generator output P, and the heat unit price K (yen / kcal) of the fuel. And can be expressed by equation (1). Here, the unit price of heat and the efficiency function for control calculated in the block 40 of FIG. 5 are used.
[0071]
F (P) = f (P) × K ... (Formula 1)
[0072]
In the example of FIG. 8, which cost function is used is selected, but as shown in FIG. 9, a sum of two cost functions may be obtained using a weighted coefficient. Since the objective function for minimizing the expenditure of the electric power company is used, the weighting factor of the power purchase cost is negative in FIG.
[0073]
In block 62, a start / stop plan that minimizes the cost is created by the start / stop plan cost function set in block 60. At this time, satisfying the supply and demand balance and generator operation constraints, pattern Consider operating generators. There are various methods for creating a plan, but the most frequently used priority method is used. The priority order method is a method of creating a start / stop plan by starting from a generator with a low unit price of power generation at the rated output so that the supply capacity is greater than the total demand. Also, some of the constraints are just generator operation constraints. Without It is also assumed that the restrictions determined by the contract between the electric power company 100 and the power generation company 3 are taken into consideration. Since the output of the generator for work stoppage is zero, the start / stop plan for stoppage is adopted.
[0074]
Further, among the power generation companies 3, a part of the generator output is sold to the electric power company 100, and the remaining output of the generator output is passed through the power transmission network of the general electric power company 4 or the general electric power company 4. There is also a case of selling power to other electric utilities.
[0075]
In this case, when a schedule for selling electricity to the electric power company 3, the general electric power company 4, or other electric power companies is set, the generator is put into an operating state at the time when the power is sold. Create a start / stop plan that minimizes costs by satisfying supply and demand balances and considering generator operation constraints, taking into account expected demand values, predetermined output patterns, and predetermined operating conditions .
[0076]
Some costs do not include start-up costs in the contract between the electric power company and the power generation company. After deciding the start / stop plan, the equal lambda method is used to calculate the load distribution of each generator. Or you may calculate load distribution using a quadratic programming method.
[0077]
In block 63, it is determined whether or not the created start / stop plan and load distribution plan plan are stored in the database 8. Further, when it is necessary to distribute the created plan to the power generation company 3, it is distributed to each power generation company by the processing of block 68.
[0078]
When the process of creating the start / stop plan is completed, the screen returns to the screen of FIG.
[0079]
When the load distribution profit calculation 37 is selected by the condition setting unit 11, the process proceeds to the processing flow of the load distribution profit calculation unit 14 illustrated in FIG. 10 via the control unit 10. The load distribution profit calculation unit 14 reads the plan target period and the data type mode from the database 8 in block 65.
[0080]
When the data type mode is “actual” in block 65, the demand actual of each consumer and the generator output actual of each generator are read from the database 8 in block 67. Next, in block 68, load distribution profit calculation data is read from the database 8. The data to be read includes the fuel cost function for profit distribution of each generator (calculated in block 227), the cost function for start / stop planning (calculated in block 60), generator characteristics, profit distribution coefficient (set in block 76), etc. There is.
[0081]
In block 70, the total of the actual output of the generators for each hour is taken as the total demand, and the load is again distributed by the equal lambda method using the cost function for start / stop planning. However, for the generators for schedule operation and pattern operation, the actual output is assumed to be the load distribution value. In block 71, profit distribution between the electric power company and each power generation company is calculated from the load distribution value recalculated based on the actual demand, the actual output of the generator, and the profit distribution coefficient. Scheduled and pattern generators do not contribute to generating new profits.
[0082]
Based on the cost function for start / stop planning and the actual output, the amount Bit that the electric company spends on the generator i, that is, the income of the generator that owns the generator i is calculated by Equation (2). Here, uit is a variable that is 1 if the generator i is operating at time t, and 0 if the generator i is stopped. Ci (Pit) is a purchase that an electric power company purchases when the output of the generator i is Pit. Electric cost function.
[0083]
Bit = uit × Ci (Pit) (Formula 2)
[0084]
The original profit Mit of the generator i that is automatically operated according to the command of the electric power company can be calculated by the equation (3). The original profit is the profit generated when the load is distributed between the generator output and Pit so that the expenditure from the electric power company to the power generation company under a fixed demand condition, that is, the power purchase cost is minimized. . Here, Di (Pit) is a fuel cost function for profit distribution when the output of the generator i is Pit.
[0085]
Mit = uit × (Ci (Pit) −Di (Pit)) (Formula 3)
[0086]
Next, the profit Nit of the generator i obtained by setting the output Qit to which the economic load is distributed using the profit distribution fuel cost function can be calculated by the equation (4).
[0087]
Nit = uit × (Ci (Qit) −Di (Qit)) (Formula 4)
[0088]
Since the output of the generator for pattern operation and schedule operation is the same for both Pit and Qit, the profits Mi and Ni calculated by the equations (3) and (4) are the same.
[0089]
Since the load of the generator for automatic operation is distributed so that the fuel cost is minimized, the sum of the profits of the power generation company is increased as compared with the case where the expenditure of the electric power company is minimized. The reason for the increase in profits is that if the electricity purchase cost of the electric power company is not higher than the fuel cost of the power generation company, the power generation company becomes a deficit entity and does not become a business operator. This is because it is cheaper than electricity costs.
[0090]
If the cost function for starting and stopping plans of the electric power company 100 is optimized, the expenditure from the electric power company to the power generation company can be minimized, but the electric power company can be optimized by using the fuel cost function for profit distribution. Expenditure increases by [Sigma] uit * (Ci (Qit) -Ci (Pit)), and the profit decreases. The decrease Yt in the total expenditure of the electric power company and the power generation company (actually coincides with the fuel cost) is equal to the reduction of the fuel cost of the power generation company. The addition (Σ) in the following equations (5) to (11) is intended for an automatically operated generator.
[0091]

[0092]
In formula (5), the electric utility also subtracts Σuit × (Ci (Qit) -Ci (Pit)) to secure the profit that would be obtained when the optimal load distribution is made at the cost for start / stop planning. Yes. In the following profit distribution, each power generation company can secure the profit that would be obtained when the optimal load distribution is made with the cost for the start / stop plan. The increased profit Yt will be distributed between the electric power company and the power generation company that is the generator of automatic operation. As the coefficient used for the distribution calculation, the value set in block 76 is used. First, the increased profit is distributed at a rate set by the electric power company and the power generation company to which the profit is distributed. If the former is h, the latter is (1-h). As a result, the profit distribution S of the electric power company is expressed by Equation (6).
[0093]
S = Yt × h (Formula 6)
[0094]
Profits are generated among the power generation companies subject to profit distribution due to changes in the base distribution ratio V and generator output for all power generation companies that have approved changing the output by changing this cost function. The absolute value ΔRit of the output change amount (absolute value of (Pit−Qit)) and the absolute value ΔSit of the difference amount of output change (the absolute value of ΔPit−ΔQit)) are allocated. As ΔSit, there is also a method to consider only when the difference amount becomes large. The distribution of profits based on the base distribution is calculated by equation (7) when the distribution method is equal. n is the number of power generation companies subject to profit distribution.
[0095]
BPi = Yt * (1-h) * v / n (Expression 7)
[0096]
The base distribution method may depend on the rated output or the maximum supply power, and which method is used is determined in block 76. The rated output corresponds to the maximum output of the generator, and the maximum supply power is used when the maximum output is reduced due to work or supply to other electric utilities. . The total amount distributed by the base distribution is (ΣNit−ΣMit) × (1−h) × v, and this distribution ratio is distributed in proportion to the rated output and the maximum supply power. Of generator i when rated output Pi, max is used base The profit of allocation is given by equation (8).
[0097]
BPi = Yt × (1-h) × v × Pi, max / ΣPi, max (Equation 8)
[0098]
The contribution due to the change in output is considered to be the absolute value ΔRit of the output change amount, and ΔSit, which is considered to have caused mechanical and thermal stress of the generator due to the difference in output change, or the ratio to their rated output To calculate the total contribution. The coefficient and calculation method use the values set in block 76. When the absolute value is used, the total contribution rate is calculated by equation (9). α and β are coefficients.
[0099]
wit = α × ΔRit + β × ΔSit (Formula 9)
Alternatively, when the total contribution ratio is calculated as a ratio with respect to the rated output, Expression (10) is obtained.
wit = (α × ΔRit + β × ΔSit) / Pi, max (Equation 10)
By using the total contribution rate, the profit distribution CPi is expressed by Equation (11).
CPi = Yt * (1-h) * (1-v) * wit / [Sigma] wit (Equation 11)
[0100]
When the output at the time t of the generator i is Qit, the cost paid by the electric utility, that is, the income Git from the generator i of the electric generator is calculated by the equation (12).
[0101]
The result obtained by adding the profit Mit to the fuel cost by the output Qit can secure the profit obtained when the load distribution is performed by the cost function for the start / stop plan, and is obtained by adding the base distribution BPit and the contribution CPit. When the power purchase cost function Ci is used, Expression (13) is obtained. The outputs Pit and Qit of the generators for pattern operation and schedule operation are the same, Nit and Mit are the same, BPit and CPit are zero, and Ci (Pit).
[0102]

[0103]
In block 72, the generator output when the load is distributed by the actual output, the actual demand and the fuel cost function for profit distribution, the actual profit and the expected profit calculated using the expected demand read from the database 8, an equation ( The value calculated by the equation (13) from 2) is displayed on the display device 7.
[0104]
An example of the generator output graph is shown in FIG. The black part is the load distribution result when the cost function for start / stop planning is used, and the white part is the load distribution result with the actual output or fuel cost function for profit distribution. In FIG. 11, since the white bar graph is superimposed on the black bar graph, only the place where the output has changed appears black.
[0105]
As items to be displayed, there are a profit at each time and a redistributed additional profit when the cost function for the start / stop plan is used. As a result, it can be seen how much profit is increased as compared with the case where the cost function for the start / stop plan is allocated.
[0106]
In block 79, it is determined whether or not to store the generator output, incremental profit, etc. calculated above, and if so, they are stored in the database 8 in block 80. Further, it is determined whether or not the information such as the generator output and the increased profit calculated above is distributed to the power generation company, and in the case of distribution, the data of the power generation company is generated for each power generation company in block 82. Deliver the item. This is the end of the processing when the data type mode is “actual” in the load distribution profit calculation processing.
[0107]
When the data type mode is “forecast” in block 65, the process proceeds to block 73 and subsequent steps. In block 73, load distribution profit calculation data is read from the database 8. The data to be read include the fuel cost function for control of each generator (calculated at block 232), the cost function for start / stop planning (calculated at block 60), generator characteristics, expected demand, and basic load distribution (at block 62). Calculation). In block 75, the load is distributed by the equal lambda method using the predicted total demand and the control fuel cost function.
[0108]
However, for generators of pattern operation (generators whose output is determined by the contract and cannot be controlled by the electric utility) and scheduled operation (generators that operate with the output created in advance and cannot be controlled online), pattern operation Assume that the output in the schedule operation is a load distribution value.
[0109]
In block 76, a profit distribution coefficient is set. FIG. 12 shows an example of the profit distribution coefficient setting screen 300. Coefficient 301 and coefficient 302 indicate the proportion of the increased profits allocated between the electric utility and the power generation company, and if this value already exists and is read from the database, the value is Displayed, and the default value is displayed if the value does not already exist. The numerical value can be changed using the input means 6. Item 303 shows the control mode of the generator.
[0110]
Since the generators 1 and 2 are automatic, they can be controlled so that the output is instructed by the electric utility. The generator 3 is a pattern operation, so the output is determined in advance, and the scheduled operation is the output of the load distribution calculated in the block 62. It shows that it becomes. Pattern generators and scheduled generators are not redistributed.
[0111]
The coefficient 304 is the proportion of the redistributed profit allocated to the power generation company that is allocated by the power generation company that is the target of profit distribution, and the remainder is the value indicated by the coefficient 306, depending on the contribution to the increase in profit. It becomes a ratio to. Item 305 is to determine the allocation of each generator to be used when allocating the base.When “Equal” is selected, it is distributed evenly regardless of the rated output of the generator. Since it is distributed according to the rated output of the generator, the distribution ratio of large generators increases, and when the maximum supply capacity is selected in the same way, it is distributed according to the maximum supply capacity that can be supplied to the electric utility 100. The
[0112]
The maximum power supply is considered because the maximum power that can be supplied to the electric power supplier 100 decreases when the output is reduced by the work or when it is also supplied to other electric power companies. A coefficient 307 is a coefficient of contribution due to the output change. In the item 308, the absolute value of the output change amount or a ratio to the rated output is selected. Similarly, the coefficient 309 is a coefficient of contribution due to the deviation of the output change. In the item 310, the absolute value of the deviation of the output change or the ratio to the rated output is selected.
[0113]
In block 77, the profit at the expected demand stage is calculated, and how much profit can be expected is provided to the power generation company and the electric power company. Assuming that the load distribution value Pit calculated in block 62 based on the predicted demand and the load distribution value Qit in block 75 calculated using the control fuel cost function, profit and profit distribution are performed in the same manner as the concept calculated in block 71. Perform the calculation. Scheduled and pattern generators do not contribute to generating new profits.
[0114]
Using the load distribution value Pit calculated from the cost function for start / stop planning and the predicted demand, the amount of money Bit spent by the electric power company on this generator i is calculated by the equation (14). Here, uit is a variable that is 1 if the generator i is operating at time t, and 0 if the generator i is stopped. Ci (Pit) is a purchase that an electric power company purchases when the output of the generator i is Pit. Electric cost function.
[0115]
Bit = uit × Ci (Pit) (Formula 14)
[0116]
The original profit Mit of the generator i that is automatically operated according to the command of the electric power company can be calculated by the equation (15). The original profit is a profit generated when the electric power company distributes the generator output and the load so that the expenditure to the electric power generation company is minimized under the condition that the demand is fixed. Here, Di (Pit) is a fuel cost function for profit distribution when the output of the generator i is Pit.
[0117]
Mit = uit × (Ci (Pit) −Di (Pit)) (Equation 15)
[0118]
Next, the profit Nit of the generator i can be calculated by the equation (16) by using the output Qit that is economically distributed using the control fuel cost function.
[0119]
Nit = uit × (Ci (Qit) −Di (Qit)) (Equation 16)
[0120]
Since the outputs of the generators for pattern operation and schedule operation are the same for both Pit and Qit, the profits Mit and Nit calculated by the equations (15) and (16) are the same. Since the load of the generator for automatic operation is distributed so that the fuel cost is minimized, the sum of the profits of the power generation company is increased as compared with the case where the expenditure of the electric power company is minimized.
[0121]
When optimization is performed using the cost function for the start / stop plan of the electric power company 100, the electric power company can minimize the expenditure to the power generation company, but the electric power company can be optimized by using the fuel cost function for profit distribution. Expenditure increases by [Sigma] uit * (Ci (Qit) -Ci (Pit)), and the profit decreases. The decrease in the total expenditure of the electric power company and the power generation company is equal to the reduction Yt in the fuel cost of the power generation company. The addition (Σ) in the following equations (17) to (24) is intended for an automatically operated generator.
[0122]

[0123]
The increased profit Yt will be distributed between the electric power company and the power generation company that is the generator of automatic operation. Profit is allocated using the profit allocation coefficient set in block 76. The profit distribution calculation is the same as the calculation method described in block 71. First, assuming that the ratio between the increased profit electric utility and the profit distribution target power generation company is h, (1-h), the profit distribution St of the electric company is expressed by equation (18).
[0124]
St = Yt × h (Formula 18)
[0125]
Using the base distribution ratio V, the absolute value ΔRit of the output change amount, and the absolute value ΔSit of the difference amount of the output change, when the profit distribution method is equal, the calculation is performed by Expression (19). n is the number of power generation companies subject to profit distribution.
[0126]
BPit = Yt × (1−h) × v / n (Equation 19)
[0127]
The base distribution method may be based on the rated output or the maximum supply force, and which method is to be used has been determined in block 76. The total contribution rate wit of the generator i is expressed by equation (20) when an absolute value is used, and is expressed by equation (21) when a ratio is used. α and β are coefficients. When the total contribution ratio is used, the profit distribution CPi of the generator i is expressed by the following equation (22).
[0128]
wit = α × ΔRit + β × ΔSit (Equation 20)
wit = (α × ΔRit + β × ΔSit) / Pi, max (Expression 21)
CPit = Yt × (1-h) × (1-v) × wit / Σwit (Equation 22)
[0129]
When the output at time t of the generator i is Qit, the expected cost paid by the electric utility, that is, the expected revenue Git from the generator i of the electric generator is calculated by the equation (23). The result obtained by adding the profit Mit to the fuel cost by the output Qit can secure the profit obtained when the load distribution is performed by the cost function for the start / stop plan, and is obtained by adding the base distribution BPit and the contribution CPit.
[0130]
When the power purchase cost function Ci is used, Expression (24) is obtained. The outputs Pit and Qit of the generators for pattern operation and schedule operation are the same, Nit and Mit are the same, BPit and CPit are zero, and Ci (Pit).
[0131]

[0132]
In block 78, the predicted output, the generator output Qit when the load is distributed according to the control fuel cost function, the generator output Pit when the load is distributed according to the start / stop planning cost function, Equations (14) to (24) The calculated profit and incremental profit are displayed on the display device 7.
[0133]
The generator output graph is displayed as shown in FIG. The black portion is the generator output Pit when the load is distributed by the start / stop planning cost function, and the white portion is the generator output Qit when the load is distributed by the control fuel cost function. As other example items to be displayed, there are a profit at each time and a redistributed additional profit when the cost function for the start / stop plan is used. As a result, it can be seen how much profit is increased as compared with the case where the cost function for the start / stop plan is allocated.
[0134]
As already described in block 79 to block 82, values calculated according to conditions are stored in the database 8 and data distribution to the power generation company is performed. In the load distribution profit calculation process, the process when the data type mode is “forecast” ends.
[0135]
When the load distribution profit calculation process is completed, the screen returns to the screen of FIG.
[0136]
When the supply / demand control monitor 38 is selected by the condition setting unit 11, the process proceeds to the online monitoring process of the supply / demand control monitoring unit 15 via the control unit 10. In the supply and demand control monitoring unit 15, the actual demand value and the generator output sent from the customer 2, the power generation company 3, and the general electric company 4 are taken in via the information receiving / distributing unit 18, and the supply and demand control is performed. The monitor 15 displays on the display device 7 the control command value of the automatically operated generator, the scheduled operation, and the planned value of the pattern operation generator, which are constantly calculated by the monitoring unit 15.
[0137]
In order to constantly monitor the monitoring control online, two or more display devices shown in FIG. 1 are provided, regardless of whether the demand / supply control monitoring 38 is selected in the condition setting 11 for one display device. , The demand actual value and the generator output sent from the power generation company 3 and the general electric power company 4 are taken in via the information receiving / distributing unit 18 and automatically calculated by the supply and demand control monitoring unit 15 The control command value of the operating generator, the schedule operation, and the planned value of the pattern operation generator may be displayed on the display device 7.
[0138]
Regardless of being selected by the condition setting unit 11, the supply and demand control monitoring unit 15 calculates command values for each generator periodically (every few seconds to every few minutes), and sends the command values to the control unit 10. The information is output to the generator via the information receiving / distributing unit 18. For automatic generators, the generator command value is calculated to satisfy the same amount based on the total demand forecast predicted in advance, the current total demand measured and the current generator output. . The planned value of the schedule operation and pattern operation generator is used as the command value. The plan value calculation method uses the control fuel cost function to distribute the load by the equal lambda method.
[0139]
When the balance calculation 39 is selected by the condition setting unit 11, the process proceeds to the process flow of the balance calculation unit 16 illustrated in FIG. 13 via the control unit 10. The balance calculation unit 16 reads the plan target period and the data type mode from the database 8 in block 200. When the data type mode is “actual” in block 201, the balance calculation period is set from the database 8 in block 202. Profit calculation or the like when the load distribution profit calculation 37 is selected is calculated for each hour, but the balance calculation 39 calculates the balance for the entire specified period in addition to each hour.
[0140]
In block 203, the balance calculation data is read from the database 8. The balance calculation data includes the actual demand of each customer, the generator output and output command value of each generator, the power selling cost function to the customer, the self-estimation performed by the customer himself, the command value deviation penalty coefficient, It reads the penalty coefficient based on the self-estimated deviation, the penalty coefficient based on the same amount deviation with the general electric utility, the power purchase cost, the profit, the incremental profit, etc. calculated by the equations (2) to (13). Here, a penalty coefficient is used, but there is a penalty coefficient for each deviation threshold value, and depending on the coefficient, it is assumed that not only a decrease in the income of the consumer and the power generation company but also an increase coefficient is included.
[0141]
In block 204, in order to calculate the balance of the power generation company, a penalty Eit based on a deviation from the value commanded by the electric power company is calculated. The reason for setting the penalty here is to cover the cost due to the same amount of deviation with the general electric utility. If the error in demand predicted by the electric power company is large, the total command value and the error in demand will increase, and the penalty due to this error will be borne by the electric power company, resulting in a deviation between the command value and the generator output. In some cases, the power generation company is responsible for taking the penalty. The deviation is said to be every time satisfying the same amount at the same time. At present, the penalty is calculated using a deviation of 30 minutes.
[0142]
An example of the relationship between the penalty to the power generation company and the deviation is shown in FIG. In this example, the penalty increases as the deviation increases due to piecewise alignment. As the classification method, the absolute value of the deviation or the ratio to the rated output is used. In block 205, the balance of the power generation company is calculated. This can be calculated for each hour by adding the cost, fuel cost, profit, incremental profit, and penalty calculated for each time at time t. By adding the penalty Eit to the income Git calculated by the equation (12), the electric utility as shown in the equation (25) Power generation The cost Tit paid to the operator can be calculated.
[0143]
Tit = Git + Eit (Equation 25)
[0144]
A display example of the balance calculation result of the generator 1 is shown in FIG. Revenue T is the cost Tit that the power company pays to the generator company, Power purchase C is the power purchase cost Cit calculated by the output Qit of the generator, and profit M is the profit obtained when using the cost function for starting and stopping Mit, profit N is profit Nit obtained from power purchase cost function and fuel cost function at output Qit, and additional profit BP + CP is increased by changing the output from Pit to Qit to reduce the fuel cost of the entire power generation company The redistribution profit BPit + CPit and penalty E to which the allocated profit is allocated are the penalty Eit caused by the deviation between the control command and the generator output. In the example of FIG. 15, the profit of the generator 1 of the power generation company is increased by the additional profit from the profit M that is originally obtained, and the income T is increased accordingly. However, the penalty has been reduced in income. The penalty E is zero at the expected stage. Revenues and profits change due to changes from expected demand to actual demand. Since the cost Tit is a cost paid by the electric power company at the time t of the generator i of the power generation company, the cost paid by the electric power company during the period can be calculated by taking the sum of the balance periods.
[0145]
In block 206, the consumer predicts the demand by himself and contracts the fee from the electric power company at a low price, while paying a penalty depending on whether the prediction accuracy is good or bad. As with the block 204, the penalty coefficient is calculated according to the prediction error by piecewise linear. If accuracy is good, the penalty may be negative. Unlike the power generation companies, the penalty for consumers varies with time. The reason is that the prediction accuracy of the maximum demand, the minimum demand, the sudden increase time of the demand, and the sudden decrease time is important, but other times are considered to be less important. In the first place, the maximum demand and the minimum demand have an impact on the decision whether to start a new generator when creating a start / stop plan, or whether it can remain stopped. This is because the output change of the machine cannot follow and there is a possibility that the same amount cannot be achieved simultaneously (the error is large). Since these directly affect the cost, a penalty is added depending on whether the prediction accuracy is good or bad. Some customers do not predict demand themselves, but electric utilities may predict them. The penalty due to this customer's prediction error is zero. As described above, the penalty Djt of each customer is calculated. In block 207, if the demand of the consumer j is Ljt and the power selling cost function Uj (Ljt), the charge Zjt paid by the consumer j is calculated by the equation (26).
[0146]
Zjt = Uj (Ljt) + Djt (Formula 26)
[0147]
FIG. 16 shows an example of a screen showing the balance of the customer 1. In FIG. 16, the charge Z is a charge Zjt that the customer 1 pays to the electric utility, and the cost U is a penalty Djt due to an error in the electric power sales cost Uj of the electric utility according to the amount of electricity used and the expected demand predicted by the customer It is. The penalty Djt is zero when the consumer does not predict demand by himself. Since the penalty D is zero at the prediction stage, the charge Z and the cost U have the same value. Since the expected charge Zjt is a cost paid by the customer j to the electric utility company at the time t, the cost paid by the customer j during that period can be calculated by taking the sum of the balance periods.
[0148]
In block 208, the balance Rt with the general electric utility is calculated. Here, the amount paid by the electric power company 100 to the general electric power company 4 is determined by the sum of the basic charge A, the consignment charge Bt and the simultaneous equal amount penalty Ct determined by the contract between the electric power company 100 and the general electric power company. The simultaneous equal amount penalty Ct is calculated according to the deviation between the total demand supplied by the electric power company 100 and the total supply amount of the power generation company. The greater the deviation, the greater the penalty if the supply is insufficient, and the excess will be taken off at a lower charge. The consignment fee Bt is calculated by multiplying the total demand by the consignment unit price. Therefore, the charge Rt paid by the electric power company 100 to the general electric power company is expressed by Expression (27).
[0149]
Rt = A + Bt + Ct (Expression 27)
[0150]
Since the charge Rt is a cost paid by the electric power company to the general electric power company at the time t, the cost paid by the electric power company during that period can be calculated by taking the sum of the balance periods.
[0151]
In block 209, the balance of the electric utility is calculated. The electric utility increases the expenditure by Σuit × (Ci (Qit) -Ci (Pit)), but compensates for this decrease with the increase in overall profit, and further multiplies the fuel cost reduction effect by Yt × h. Reduce spending on power generation companies. The balance of electricity companies is calculated based on payments to general electricity companies, payments to power generation companies, and income from customers.
[0152]
FIG. 17 shows an example of a screen showing the balance of electric utility. “Revenue” is the income earned by the electric utility. “Revenue from selling electricity” is the income obtained by supplying electricity to consumers, “Balance of electricity purchase” is the expenditure paid to the power generation company, excluding the penalty, and “Additional profit” is in cooperation with the power generation company It is the profit that occurred. The corrected balance item is a penalty due to the demand forecast error of the customer in the “customer” item, the “power generation company” item is a penalty calculated by the deviation between the command value and the output, and the “general electric utility” item is the same It is the balance with the general electric utility due to the unsatisfactory amount, and the sum of these three is the "corrected balance". For the balance items of consumers and power generation companies, the total value of all customers and all power generation companies is displayed. “Revenue” is the sum of “power sales revenue”, “additional profit”, and “adjusted balance”, and the profit of the electric utility is “income” minus “power purchase expenditure”.
[0153]
The calculation process is completed as described above. Next, whether or not the value calculated in block 218 is stored in the database 8 is selected. Next, in block 220, it is selected whether or not to distribute the calculated result for each consumer and each power generation company. In the case of distribution, the calculated result is distributed in block 221. This completes the processing of the balance calculation unit 16 when the data type mode is “actual”.
[0154]
When the data type mode is “forecast” in the processing block 201 of the balance calculation unit 16, the balance calculation period is set from the database 8 in block 210. In block 211, the balance calculation data is read from the database 8. The balance calculation data includes the expected demand of each consumer, the generator output and output command value of each generator that has been allocated load using the expected demand, the power selling cost function to the consumer, and the self that the customer has performed. Forecast, command value deviation penalty coefficient, penalty coefficient due to self-estimation deviation, penalty coefficient due to simultaneous same amount deviation with general electric utility, power purchase cost calculated from formula (14) to formula (24), expected profit, expected increase Read profits. Each penalty coefficient has the same value as that of the block 203. At the prediction stage, the demand prediction error, the difference between the generator command value and the generator output, and the error of the same amount are zero.
[0155]
In block 212, the penalty Eit is zero because the deviation from the value commanded by the electric utility is zero. In block 213, the balance of the power generation company is calculated. This can be calculated for each hour by adding the cost, fuel cost, profit, incremental profit, and penalty calculated for each time at time t. The expected cost Tit paid by the electric power company to the generator business is calculated by the formula shown by the formula (25). Since the cost Tit is the expected cost paid by the electric power company at the time t of the generator i of the power generation company, the expected cost paid by the electric power company during that period is calculated by taking the sum of the balance period. it can.
[0156]
The expected penalty Djt for the consumer at block 214 is zero. In block 215, assuming that the demand of the consumer j is Ljt and the power selling cost function Uj (Ljt), the expected charge Zjt paid by the consumer j is calculated by the equation (26). Since the charge Zjt is an expected cost that the customer j pays to the electric utility company at the time t, the expected cost paid by the customer j in that period can be calculated by taking the sum of the balance periods.
[0157]
At block 216, an expected balance Rt with a general electric utility is calculated. Here, the expected amount to be paid by the electric power company 100 to the general electric power company 4 is determined by the sum of the basic charge A, the consignment charge Bt and the simultaneous equal penalty Ct determined by the contract between the electric power company 100 and the general electric power company. . Basically, the electric utility should achieve the same amount of the total demand of the consumers with the power generation company's supply capacity, so the simultaneous equal amount penalty Ct is zero. When electric power can be purchased from a general electric company at a lower price, the same amount of penalty Ct is generated for the purchased amount.
[0158]
The expected charge Rt that the electric power company 100 pays to the general electric power company is expressed by Expression (27). Since the charge Rt is an expected cost that the electric power company pays to the general electric power company at the time t, by taking the sum of the balance periods, the expected cost paid by the electric power company during that period can be calculated.
[0159]
In block 217, the balance of the electric utility is calculated. The balance of electricity companies is calculated based on payments to general electricity companies, payments to power generation companies, and income from customers.
[0160]
The calculation process is completed as described above. Next, whether or not the value calculated in block 218 is stored in the database 8 is selected. Next, in block 220, it is selected whether to distribute the calculated result for each power generation company, and in the case of distribution, the calculated result is distributed in block 221. When the data type mode is “forecast”, it is assumed that the calculation result is distributed only to the consumer who self-predicts the demand. This completes the processing of the balance calculation unit 16 when the data type mode is “forecast”.
[0161]
When the above balance calculation processing is completed, the screen returns to the screen of FIG.
[0162]
Fuel cost function correction by condition setting unit 11 40 Is selected, the process is performed via the control unit 10 to correct the fuel cost function shown in FIG. Part The process proceeds to the process flow 17. Fuel cost function correction Part At 17, it is selected at block 223 whether to “correct” the fuel cost function. When “Correction” is selected, a correction period is set in block 224.
[0163]
In block 222, a unit price of heat is set for each fuel type of each power generation company. The unit price of fuel varies depending on the type of fuel and the price at which the fuel is purchased. The heat amount of the fuel actually purchased by the power generation company 3, the average value of the fuel unit price at that time, and the average price of the target fuel when passing through customs clearance are input. Electricity providers can freely set the unit price of heat.
[0164]
In block 225, the generator output, fuel consumption record, and control efficiency function for the correction period set in block 224 are read from the database 8. In block 226, the fuel consumption is converted into a function expression using the generator output by regression analysis based on the read generator output and actual fuel consumption. Here, the least squares method is used for the regression analysis, but the condition that the total fuel consumption obtained by inputting the output of each generator used for the regression analysis into the regression equation is the same as the total fuel consumption used for the analysis. Shall.
[0165]
By adding a condition in which the total fuel consumption matches the actual measurement and the calculation formula, and obtaining the regression analysis formula, the fuel consumption when calculating the balance becomes accurate. As a result, the profit calculation and distribution of the power generation company can be made more appropriate.
[0166]
FIG. 19 shows the generator output, the actual fuel consumption, the control efficiency function, and the profit distribution efficiency function during the correction period. The control efficiency function is a regression analysis formula using actual data before obtaining this function, and the profit distribution efficiency function is a regression analysis formula using the generator output and fuel consumption results in the correction period. The regression equation changes slightly because the data used is different.
[0167]
FIG. 20 shows an example in which the actual value of the fuel consumption during the correction period and the calculated value of the fuel consumption obtained by substituting the actual value of the generator output during the correction period into the control efficiency function are displayed.
[0168]
Similarly, as a comparison, a graph of comparison with the value calculated by using the profit distribution efficiency function can be created. As another method of matching the fuel consumption with the calculated value and the actual value, the control efficiency function is set so that the error between the total fuel consumption calculated from the control efficiency function and the actual value of the fuel consumption is zero. There is also a method of correcting the control efficiency function to obtain a profit distribution efficiency function by multiplying a constant by only a constant term, only a primary coefficient, only a secondary coefficient, or by multiplying the coefficient by a constant.
[0169]
In block 238, a cost function for profit distribution is calculated. The profit distribution cost function is calculated by the product of the profit distribution efficiency function calculated in block 227 and the heat unit price set in block 222. In block 228, a period (initially set correction period) that can be applied to the profit distribution efficiency function and profit distribution cost function calculated in block 227 is set.
[0170]
In block 234, whether or not to store the value calculated above is selected and stored in the database 8 if stored. Further, in block 236, whether or not to distribute is selected, and in the case of distribution, in block 237, the calculation result of the operator is distributed for each power generation operator.
[0171]
When “correction” of the fuel cost function is not selected in block 223 of the processing flow of the fuel cost function correction 17 shown in FIG. 17, an analysis period is set in block 229. Although the analysis period can be set arbitrarily, the efficiency curve of the generator has external factors such as seawater temperature and internal factors such as deterioration of equipment, so for example, the nearest month and the next month of the previous year are set. In block 230, a calorie unit price is set for each fuel type of each power generation company. The unit price of fuel varies depending on the type of fuel and the price at which the fuel is purchased.
[0172]
An average value at the nearest point of the amount of heat of the fuel actually purchased by the power generation company 3 and the unit price of the fuel at that time and an average price at the nearest point of the target fuel when passing through customs clearance are input. Electricity providers can freely set the unit price of heat.
[0173]
In block 231, the generator output and fuel consumption record data for the period input in block 229 are read from the database 8. In block 232, an efficiency function for controlling fuel consumption and generator output is obtained by regression analysis. At this time, it is also set whether or not a condition for matching the total fuel consumption determined from the regression equation with the actual fuel consumption is set. In addition, since there may be no actual data in the case of a new generator, there is a screen where the regression equation can be input manually. When inputting manually, it is preferable to input characteristics at the time of shipment.
[0174]
At block 239, a control fuel cost function is calculated. The control fuel cost function is calculated by the product of the control efficiency function calculated in block 232 and the heat unit price set in block 230. In block 233, a period during which the control efficiency function calculated in block 232 and the control fuel cost function calculated in block 239 can be applied is set. In block 234, whether or not to store the value calculated above is selected and stored in the database 8 if stored. Further, in block 236, whether or not to distribute is selected, and in the case of distribution, in block 237, the calculation result of the operator is distributed for each power generation operator.
[0175]
With the above, fuel cost function correction 40 The process when it is not “correction” is finished. When the fuel cost function correction calculation process is completed, the screen returns to the screen of FIG.
[0176]
In the above description, the example used by the electric power company has been described, but the customer 2 or the power generation company 3 may use it. However, the customer 2 or the power generation company 3 can remotely calculate the computer system using the user ID and password given in advance by the electric power company 100. (Power supply / demand control equipment) Log in to 1 and use. Only the user's own information is displayed according to the authority given to the user ID. Further, when it is determined that the user ID is a consumer who has permission to predict his / her demand, the demand prediction result can be stored in the database 8.
[0177]
In the above, the fuel cost is considered as the cost, but in the future, an environmental cost or the like may be introduced into the cost function.
[0178]
C. Effects of this embodiment
According to the present embodiment, the electric power company 100 performs the load distribution with the minimum fuel cost of the power generation company 3 with respect to the load distribution that minimizes the power purchase cost, and gives a command value to the generator based on this distribution result. By sending the fuel, the fuel cost can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to provide a profit that is more than the profit at the time of minimizing the power purchase cost based on the funds that can reduce the fuel cost. This control method can reduce fuel consumption and reduce emissions such as CO2 and NOx. In addition, the electric power company can provide information services such as charges, balances, balance forecasts, profits, and increased profits to consumers and power generation companies.
[0179]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the electric utility uses the difference between the two costs of the power purchase cost and the fuel cost, thereby suppressing the fuel cost of the power generation enterprise and increasing the profit of the electric enterprise. Can be made.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an output determination device.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a flow of power between players and a flow of fee information.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of power and supply / demand plan information between players.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a screen for controlling the whole.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a processing flow for demand forecasting.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a processing flow for creating a start / stop plan.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a screen for selecting a cost characteristic.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a screen for inputting and displaying a weighting factor of cost characteristics.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a processing flow of load distribution profit calculation.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a difference in load distribution result of a generator due to a difference in cost function.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a screen for inputting and displaying a profit distribution coefficient;
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a flow of balance calculation.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a penalty due to an average deviation between a command value and an actual output.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a screen displaying a balance item of a generator of a power generation company.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a screen displaying consumer expenditure items.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a screen displaying the balance items of the electric power company.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a correction flow of a fuel cost function.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a screen displaying the relationship between fuel consumption and generator output.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a screen example of the elapsed time of total fuel consumption.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electric power supply-demand control apparatus, 2 ... Consumer, 3 ... Electric power generation company, 4 ... General electric power company, 5 ... Data processing part, 6 ... Input device, 7 ... Display apparatus, 8 ... Database part, 9 ... Reading apparatus DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Control part, 11 ... Condition setting part, 12 ... Demand forecast part, 13 ... Startup stop plan preparation part, 14 ... Load distribution profit calculation part, 15 ... Supply / demand control monitoring part, 16 ... Balance calculation part, 17 ... Fuel Cost function correction unit, 18 ... information receiving / distributing unit, 20 ... I / O device, 21 ... CPU, 22 ... external storage device, 23 ... main storage device, 100 ... electric utility.

Claims (4)

An electric power company purchases electric power from a plurality of power generation companies and supplies it to consumers, and the electric power company supplies power at a charge based on a power purchase cost function for each of the plurality of power generation companies. The electric power company has a fuel cost function that minimizes the fuel cost of the generator for each of the plurality of power generation companies, and the electric power company has the fuel cost function and the expected power demand of the consumer. Based on the above, the fuel cost of the power generation company when the power purchase cost function is planned to be distributed to the plurality of power generation companies so that the fuel cost of the plurality of power generation companies is minimized. On the other hand, the reduction of the fuel cost of the power generation company when the load distribution plan or generator output control for minimizing the fuel cost of the power generation company is implemented is distributed to the power generation company and the electric power company. balance calculations child Te Electric power supply and demand control method according to claim. 2. The fuel cost reduction amount according to claim 1, wherein a fuel cost reduction amount is set so as to be equal to or greater than the profits of the power generation companies and the profits of the electric power companies when the power purchase cost function is set to be minimum. A power supply and demand control method, characterized in that the balance is calculated by distributing to business operators . A power supply and demand control device that an electric power company purchases electric power from a plurality of power generation companies and supplies the electric power to consumers, wherein the electric power company charges based on a power purchase cost function for each of the plurality of power generation companies The electric power company has a fuel cost function that minimizes the fuel cost of the generator for each of the plurality of power generation companies, and the electric power company Based on the expected power demand, load distribution to the plurality of power generation companies so that the fuel cost of the plurality of power generation companies is minimized, and the power generation company's plan when the power purchase cost function is minimized A reduction in the fuel cost of the power generation company when the load distribution plan or generator output control for minimizing the fuel cost of the power generation company is carried out with respect to the fuel cost. Distributed to Power supply and demand control apparatus and calculating. According to claim 3, power purchase cost function is minimized plan to more income for each power producer when the and the electric utility of the fuel cost reductions in favor more the power producers and the electric utility Electricity supply and demand control device characterized in that the balance is calculated by distributing to the consumers.

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