JP3955074B2 - Joining method using fastening tool and device for operating fastening tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The stamping machine (2) has a stamping tool (16) pushing a rivet against a top sheet (A). The top sheet rests on a bottom sheet (B). The river deforms the sheets and forcing them into a matrix (6). A cylindrical holder piece (22) presses the sheets down against the rim of the matrix. A cylinder (4) contains a first piston (12) with a piston rod pressing down on an intermediate piece and the stamp. There are hydraulic fluid connections (24,26) to chambers (10a) above and (10b) below the first piston. A second piston slides on the piston rod of the first piston and pushes on the holder piece. It has throttle channels (28) allowing hydraulic fluid to flow through it slowly.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining together at least two plate-like workpieces of similar or different materials by means of a fastening tool, as well as an apparatus for operating this fastening tool. Preferably, the fastening tool is a rivet tool for setting a self-piercing rivet or a clinching tool for performing a clinching operation.

  Various types of drive devices are known for use in fastening tools such as self-piercing rivet tools and clinch tools. The most common type of drive device is a hydraulic piston-cylinder for performing a joining operation by actuating a punch, as shown, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO93 / 24256 and European Patent Application Publication No. EP0675774 An assembly and a hydraulic piston-cylinder assembly that actuates the clamp to apply a clamping force to the workpieces during the joining operation. In the method and apparatus described in European Patent Application EP 0 675 774, a “substantial” clamping force is applied before and during the joining operation, and in this publication the clamping force is limited to 1.5 tons. It is stated that you can. Actually, for example, a clamping force of about 8 to 10 kN is used. Although this method has a certain effect, there is a drawback in applying a large clamping force before and during the joining operation. For example, if a large clamping force is applied during the joining operation, the free deformation of the self-piercing rivet may be impaired. Furthermore, if a large clamping force is applied before the joining operation, there is a drawback in the method of using a combination of rivets and adhesives to join the workpieces. This is because the adhesive is pressed by a large clamping force and flows out of the joining region.

  In the conventional self-piercing rivet device of the applicant of the present application, a small clamping force is applied by a spring during the joining operation, and a part of the punching force is transmitted from the piston of the hydraulic cylinder for punching to the clamp through the contact means. The clamping force is gradually increased toward the end of the joining operation. EP 0 675 774 describes a similar device, but in this device, a separate hydraulic cylinder exerts a “substantial” clamping force before and during the joining operation. The clamping force is instantaneously increased to about 5 tons at the end of the rivet joint by the contact means between the punching piston and the clamping piston.

  According to International Patent Application Publication No. WO 00/29145, the punch is pulled back after the joining operation, and when the punch is pulled back, a clamping force is applied to the workpiece to reduce the deformation that deviates from the plane of the plate-like workpiece (sheet). Are known. This document discloses two basic principles for obtaining this result. According to one principle, a clamp holding device is provided in order to prevent the clamp from slipping when the lower leg of the C-shaped frame used in the rivet setting device rebounds by pulling back the punch. According to the other principle, during the joining operation, the punch and the clamp are simultaneously pressurized with a high pressure through the contact means, and after the joining operation, the punch is pulled back and simultaneously the clamp is re-pressurized to apply a relatively large clamping force. Furthermore, this document states that a large clamping force, a small clamping force, or a clamping force need not be applied at all during the joining operation.

  Furthermore, as disclosed, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 93/24258, at least a small clamping force is applied before the joining operation to press the workpieces against each other and prevent relative sliding, in particular rivets and It is known to perform a workpiece check operation.

International Patent Application Publication No. WO 93/24256 European Patent Application Publication No. EP0675774 International Patent Application Publication No. WO00 / 29145 International Patent Application Publication No. WO 93/24258

  The first object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining together at least two plate-like workpieces of similar or different materials by means of a fastening tool, a simple structure for operating this fastening tool, and The object is to provide a device with a compact design in operation.

  Another object of the present invention is to prevent the joining operation from being adversely affected by a large clamping force.

  Yet another object of the present invention is to join at least two plate-like workpieces that provide a high quality joint and can minimize deformation of the workpiece in and around the joining region. It is an object to provide a method and apparatus.

  According to the method of the present invention, during the joining operation, a large punching force is applied to perform the joining operation, and a clamping force is not substantially applied to enable free deformation of the material in the joining region. A large punching force and a large clamping force are simultaneously applied so as to reduce the deformation of the workpiece, thereby compressing the workpiece in the joining region.

  In this specification, the joining operation means an operation from the start to the end of deformation of a material necessary for forming a joint. In the case of a self-piercing rivet, the joining operation means from the start to the end of the process of passing the self-piercing rivet through the workpieces to be joined. In the case of clinching, the joining operation means an operation from the start to the end of material deformation of the workpiece in the joining region.

  The large clamping force that is applied after the joining operation is such that the deformation of the workpiece in the joining region and its surroundings caused by the joining operation is reduced, and some compression effect or consolidation effect is obtained in the joining region of the workpiece. Choose to improve quality and ensure the joints have sufficient final strength. In order to prevent a large clamping force from adversely affecting the joint, it is important to apply a large punching force at the same time as applying a large clamping force to the joining region after the joining operation. Therefore, a large force is applied to the joining region and all the surrounding surfaces after the joining operation, thereby obtaining the above-mentioned effect and reducing the reaction and deflection of the C-shaped frame of such a fastening tool. Further, according to the present invention, since the C-shaped frame is not substantially subjected to the clamping force and only the punching force is applied to the C-shaped frame during the joining operation, the weight and strength of the C-shaped frame can be reduced. The effect that it is possible is also acquired.

  The preferred apparatus of the present invention comprises only one hydraulic cylinder, which is divided into a piston rod remote side working chamber and a piston rod adjacent side working chamber by a main piston for punching. The clamp piston for operating the clamp is arranged in the working chamber adjacent to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the areas on both sides of the working piston adjacent to the piston rod in the axial direction are located in the working chamber adjacent to the piston rod. The fluid flow passage means communicates with each other so that the opposite sides of the clamp piston in the axial direction are pressurized by the pressure of.

  The structural design of this device is suitable for carrying out the method of the invention. For this reason, this device preferably has an operating position in which the piston rod remote working chamber is pressurized with sufficient pressure to perform the joining operation and the piston rod adjacent working chamber is depressurized, The apparatus preferably has a post-operation position where both of the two working chambers are pressurized at high pressure so that a large clamping force and a large punching force can be simultaneously applied to the bonding area after the bonding operation.

  Since the device of the present invention requires only one hydraulic cylinder with two working chambers to operate the punch and clamp, it requires only two pressure fluid ports and two pressure fluid tubes, thus making the structure Such costs are minimal. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the main piston and the clamp piston are “inserted”, so that the apparatus can be made compact. Therefore, in a drive device having two separate hydraulic cylinders, if the device stroke is increased by a predetermined amount, the length of the device becomes twice that length, but in the device of the present invention, the device stroke is reduced. Even if it is increased by a predetermined amount, the length of the apparatus is increased only by that amount.

  In another embodiment of the invention, two hydraulic cylinders are provided. However, since the two working chambers of the two cylinders are in permanent communication with each other by means of fluid flow passages, many of the advantages of the first embodiment are also obtained in this second embodiment. For example, since this second embodiment requires only two pressure fluid ports, the cost for the structure can be reduced and the fluid control system can be simplified.

  An important advantage of the present invention is that the joining operation is not adversely affected by the clamping force. When the present invention is used, for example, in a tool for setting a self-drilling rivet, the self-drilling rivet can be freely deformed when penetrating a workpiece. The rivet is deformed to the correct answer and can be spread more than the conventional method where a large clamping force is applied during the rivet operation. Furthermore, in the present invention, it is possible to avoid the rivet from being cracked or cracked.

  The method of the present invention can be used in combination with an adhesive for joining workpieces. In this method, an adhesive layer is provided between the joining area and the surrounding workpiece before pressing the clamp against the workpiece. In the method of the present invention, only a small clamping force is applied before the joining operation and substantially no clamping force is applied during the joining operation, so that the adhesive is freely pressed and flows freely from the joining region during the joining operation. Can do. Further, since a clamping force is not substantially applied during the joining operation, bubbles generated between the workpieces can be reduced as will be described in detail below.

  The risk of bubble formation between the workpieces can be further reduced by using a self-drilling rivet with a tapered outer surface and preferably a conical shank. The tapered rivet shank applies force to the upper workpiece to prevent or at least reduce repulsion of the upper workpiece so as to maintain contact between the workpieces in the bonding area during the bonding operation. This can reduce the risk of bubbles occurring between the workpieces, as will be described in more detail below.

  As already mentioned, the present invention can avoid or at least reduce the reaction action and deflection of the C-shaped frame, thereby improving the quality and final strength of the joint.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The fastening tool 2 schematically shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is arranged so as to form a joint between two (or more) plate-like workpieces A and B (metal plates). In the illustrated embodiment, the fastening tool 2 is a rivet setting device for setting the self-piercing rivet N, but may be another tool such as a clinching device. Self-drilling rivets and self-drilling rivet joining are basically known and will not be described in detail here.

  The fastening tool 2 includes a drive device having a hydraulic cylinder 4 and a die 6, and workpieces A and B are supported on the die 6. The cylinder 4 is supported on a C-shaped frame (not shown) as is usually done with this type of fastening tool.

  The hydraulic cylinder 4 has a cylindrical cavity 10 slidably receiving a main piston 12 having a piston rod 14. The piston rod 14 of the main piston 12 is integrally connected to a punch 16 for setting the rivet N.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the main piston 12 divides the cylindrical cavity 10 into a piston rod remote side upper working chamber 10a and a piston rod adjacent side lower working chamber 10b. The lower working chamber 10 b receives a clamp piston 18, and this clamp piston 18 is integrally connected to a sleeve-like clamp 22 (clamp protrusion) via a piston rod 20. The clamp piston 18 and its piston rod 20 coaxially surround the piston rod 14 of the main piston 12 and slide along the cylindrical inner wall of the cylinder 4 so as to be able to move relative to the main piston 12 in the axial direction. Guided dynamically.

  The upper working chamber 10a has a pressure fluid port 24 for selectively performing pressurization or depressurization by fluid pressure (hydraulic pressure) under control, and the lower work chamber 10b also performs pressurization or depressurization by fluid pressure under control. It has a dedicated pressure fluid port 26 for selective operation. As schematically shown in the drawing, the working chamber 10b portions on both sides of the clamp piston 18 are fluid flow passage means 28 so that both axially opposite sides of the clamp piston 18 are always pressurized with the same fluid pressure. Communicate with each other. The fluid flow passage means 28 may be one or several holes through the clamp piston 18 or may be provided, for example, as one or several flutes provided on the outer surface of the clamp piston 18. .

  Further, a contact means 30 is provided between the piston rod 14 of the main piston 12 and the sleeve-like piston rod 20 of the clamp piston 18. The contact means 30 only acts in one axial direction, that is, only when the main piston 12 moves in a direction away from the lower working chamber 10b (up in the drawing).

The operation of the above-described apparatus will be described below.
In FIG. 1, the apparatus is in a basic position where the upper working chamber 10a is depressurized via the pressure fluid port 24 and the lower working chamber 10b is pressurized via the pressure fluid port 26 at a relatively low fluid pressure. It is in. The main piston 12 is biased to the upper end position by the fluid pressure in the lower working chamber 10b. The fluid pressure in the lower working chamber 10b acts on both sides of the clamp piston 18 facing in the axial direction. Since the upper surface area of the clamp piston 18 is larger than the lower surface area by about the same as the cross-sectional area of the piston rod 20, a downward pressure difference acts on the clamp piston 18. However, the abutment means 30 between the two piston rods 14, 20 keeps the clamp piston 18 in the basic position, which is the position of the axially intermediate portion shown in FIG.

  The operation of the self-piercing rivet N, that is, the operation of forming the joint is performed in three stages.

  In the first stage, prior to the joining operation, as shown in FIG. 2, the main piston 12 and the clamp piston 18 are moved to a pre-operation position where the clamp 22 and the rivet N are pressed against the workpieces A and B with a relatively small force. Move. Here, the two working chambers 10a and 10b are pressurized with a low fluid pressure through the pressure fluid ports 24 and 26, respectively. Since the upper surface area of the main piston 12 is approximately the same as the cross-sectional area of the piston rod 14 than the lower surface area, the punch 16 is in the workpiece region between the clamp 22 and the die 6 and the joining region 8 including the rivet N. A corresponding downward punching force is applied to the rivet N. Also, the clamp piston 18 is biased downward by the fluid pressure due to the above-described area difference, so that the clamp 22 applies a corresponding clamping force to the workpieces A and B in the adjacent peripheral portion of the rivet N in the joining region 8. The punching force and the clamping force may be large enough to prevent the movements and relative movements of the workpieces A and B with respect to the die 6 and can have a rivet and workpiece check operation. The clamping force is preferably less than 7.8 kN, and can be, for example, about 3 to 5 kN. In general, a clamping force of less than 3.9 kN is sufficient. The punching force is preferably less than 5 kN and can be about 1 to 3 kN.

  In the second stage, that is, the joining operation itself, as shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus is such that the upper working chamber 10a is pressurized with the fluid pressure required for the joining operation via the pressure fluid port 24, and the lower working chamber 10b In the operating position where the pressure is reduced via the pressure fluid port 26. The main piston 12 applies a punching force having a value sufficient to form a joint in the joint region 8 to the rivet N via the piston rod 14 and the punch 16. Since the lower working chamber 10b is depressurized, the clamp 22 does not perform any function during the joining operation. Needless to say, in a hydraulic system, there is always a residual pressure on the low pressure side so that the lower working chamber is not depressurized and completely free of pressure. However, the clamping force of about 0.3 to 0.5 kN due to the residual pressure is negligible. Depending on the material of the workpiece used, for example, a clamping force of less than 4 kN does not have any measurable effect on the properties of the workpiece. In any case, this applies to a clamping force of less than 1.5 kN.

  As described above, since there is no significant clamping force, the rivet N can be freely deformed in the workpieces A and B and in the die 6 during the setting operation, and can be accurately deformed as determined. . In order to prevent the rivet from being cracked or cracked, the bottom of the rivet N is somewhat larger compared to the conventional method using a large clamping force.

  The punching force required to set the self-piercing rivet N is usually about 30 to 80 kN, for example.

  In the third stage following the joining operation, the apparatus is operated after both operation chambers 10a and 10b are pressurized with high fluid pressure via the pressure fluid ports 24 and 26, also as shown in FIG. In position. This can be done by preferably maintaining a high fluid pressure in the working chamber 10a and pressurizing the working chamber 10b through the pressure fluid port 26 at the same or nearly the same high fluid pressure.

  In order to ensure that the self-drilling rivet can be continuously deformed without being obstructed to the end in the joining operation, in a short time after the joining operation is completed, the pressurization of the working chamber 10b and the clamping force can be reduced. Start climbing. This short time is, for example, about 0.2 to 0.3 seconds, and preferably exceeds 0.1 seconds.

  Due to the pressurization of the working chambers 10a and 10b, the punch 16 is pressed against the rivet N with a large punching force generated by the surface area difference of the main piston 12 described above. At the same time, the clamp 22 applies a large clamping force to the workpieces A and B generated by the surface area difference of the clamp piston 18 described above. This large clamping force is intended to reduce the possibility that the workpieces A and B are deformed out of their own plane in the joining region 8, and further in this region on the workpieces A and B. It is also intended to increase the final strength and quality of the joint by exerting a certain degree of compression. Further, since not only the clamp 22 but also the punch 16 applies a large force to the joint, a certain leveling effect is brought about on the force acting on the joint. Further, the punching force and the clamping force prevent or at least reduce the reaction action and repulsion of the C-shaped frame (not shown).

  The punching force and clamping force are selected so that these functions can be achieved depending on the particular application. Preferably, the clamping force is greater than 5 kN, in particular 7.8 kN. The punching force is preferably greater than 5 kN, in particular 6.5 kN.

  The punching force and the clamping force are maintained for a predetermined time. Thereafter, by depressurizing the upper working chamber 10a via the pressure fluid port 24 and pressurizing the lower working chamber 10b with a low fluid pressure via the pressure fluid port 26, the apparatus returns to the basic position shown in FIG.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows the fastening tool 2 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 connected to a valve assembly of a hydraulic control system (not shown) for operating the fastening tool. Is. The valve assembly comprises a pair of separate directional control valves 32 and 34, which communicate with the working chamber 10a via the pressure fluid port 24, and the directional control valve 34 operates via the pressure fluid port 26. In communication with the chamber 10b, the working chambers 10a and 10b are pressurized and depressurized. Thus, the directional control valves 32 and 34 control communication between each working chamber 10a, 10b and a pressure control device (eg, proportional control valve) (not shown) and the low pressure region of the hydraulic control system.

  The operation of the hydraulic control system is the same as the operation described above with reference to FIGS. However, the following points should be noted in addition.

  In the basic position of the device shown in FIG. 4, the direction control valve 32 is in the pressure relief position and the direction control valve 34 is in the pressurization position. When the fastening tool is in the pre-operation position, the directional control valves 32 and 34 are in the pressurizing position, and both the working chambers 10a and 10b are pressurized with a low fluid pressure. When the fastening tool is in the operating or joining position, the directional control valve 32 is in the pressurizing position so that the punch can apply a large punching force, while the clamp does not substantially apply the clamping force. In addition, the directional control valve 34 is in the pressure relief position. When the fastening tool is in the post-operation position, both directional control valves 32 and 34 are in the pressurized position so that both the punch and the clamp can apply a large force.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 in the structure of the cylinder assembly of the fastening tool. Parts similar to those in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals with a. The fastening tool of FIG. 5 differs from the fastening tool of FIG. 4 in that two cylinders 4 a and 5 a are provided instead of the common hydraulic cylinder 4. The cylinder 4a receives the main piston 12a for the punch 16a, and the cylinder 5a receives the clamp piston 18a for the clamp 22a. A partition wall 29 between the cylinders 4a, 5a, together with the clamp piston 18a, defines a working chamber 31, which in the illustrated embodiment has a dedicated pressure fluid port.

  As described so far, this assembly is similar to a conventional self-drilling rivet tool having separate cylinders for punching and clamping. However, unlike conventional self-drilling rivet tools, the embodiment of FIG. 5 is such that the working chamber 31 adjacent to the piston rod of the cylinder 4a and the working chamber 31 of the cylinder 5a are in permanent communication with each other by a fluid flow passage 33. It has become a design. The fluid flow passage 33 may extend out of the cylinder as shown, or may extend through the partition wall 29.

  Since the working chamber 31 adjacent to the piston rod of the cylinder 4a and the working chamber 31 of the cylinder 5a are in permanent communication, the operation of the assembly of FIG. 5 is the same as the operation of the assembly of FIG. Thus, in the assembly of FIG. 5, two simple directional control valves 32 and 34 are sufficient to control the pressurization and pressure relief of each working chamber. Therefore, for the operation of the assembly of FIG. 5, reference is made to the description of the operation of the assembly of FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 6, the structure of the fastening tool including the illustrated hydraulic cylinders 4a and 5a is the same as the structure of the tool of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 differ only in that a bypass valve 36 and a direction control valve 38 are provided in series instead of providing the direction control valves 32 and 34 in parallel.

  The direction control valve 38 can be switched between the basic position (the state shown in FIG. 6) and the operation position. When the directional control valve 38 is in the basic position, the pair of pressure fluid lines 37, 39 are isolated from the pressure source and the low pressure region of the hydraulic system. When the direction control valve 38 is in the operating position, the pressure fluid pipe 37 is communicated with the pressure source and the pressure fluid pipe 39 is communicated with the low pressure region.

  The bypass valve 36 can be switched between the basic position (the state shown in FIG. 6) and the bypass position. When the bypass valve 36 is in the basic position, the pressure fluid pipe 37 is communicated with the pressure fluid port 24a, and the pressure fluid pipe 39 is communicated with the pressure fluid port 26a. When the bypass valve 36 is in the bypass position, both the pressure fluid ports 24 a and 26 a are in communication with the pressure fluid pipe 37.

The operation is as follows.
In FIG. 6, both the bypass valve 36 and the direction control valve 38 are in the basic position. In order to set the fastening tool at the pre-operation position, the direction control valve 38 is switched to the operation position, and is maintained at that position until the fastening tool reaches the operation and post-operation positions.

  When the fastening tool is in the pre-operation position, the bypass valve 36 is in the bypass position, and the piston rod remote side working chamber of the cylinder 4a and the working chamber 31 of the piston rod adjacent side and the cylinder 5a are connected to the pressure fluid pipe 37. And via a directional control valve 38 to communicate with a (controllable) pressure source of the hydraulic system. In order to move the fastening tool to the operating position, the bypass valve 36 is returned to the basic position, the piston rod remote side working chamber of the cylinder 4a is communicated with the pressure source, and the piston rod adjacent side working chamber and the working chamber 31 are connected to the hydraulic system. Communicate with the low pressure side. When the fastening tool is in the post-operation position, the bypass valve 36 is also in the bypass position, allowing all working chambers to communicate with the pressure source.

  It should be noted that the valve assembly of FIG. 6 can also be used in the fastening tool of FIG.

  The fastening tool shown in FIG. 7 has basically the same structure as the tool shown in FIG. Corresponding parts are designated with the same reference number a changed to b. The difference from FIG. 6 is that there is no fluid flow passage 33. Instead, the working chamber 31b of the cylinder 5b has a pressure fluid port 27b separate from the pressure fluid ports 24b and 26b. The pressure fluid port 27b can be pressurized and depressurized via a pressure control valve 40 (for example, a proportional control valve). Thus, a fastening tool comprising two cylinders 4b and 5b for actuating the punch and clamp is similar to a conventional fastening tool.

  The working fluid pressure ports 24b and 26b of the cylinder 4b are adapted to be controlled via the same bypass valve 36 and directional control valve 38 as in FIG.

  FIG. 7 shows a state in which the valve is in the basic position. For the operation of the bypass valve 36 and the directional control valve 38 before, during, and after the joining operation, refer to the description of FIG. In the operation of the pressure control valve 40, the work chamber 31b is pressurized at a relatively low pressure at the position before operation of the fastening tool, at a negligible pressure at the operation position, and at a high pressure at the position after operation. Do as follows.

  In the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, in the post-operation position, the work chamber adjacent to the piston rod of the cylinder 4b can be depressurized via the bypass valve 36, so that the punching force applied by the main piston 12b can be increased accordingly.

  The arrangement of FIG. 8 differs from FIG. 7 only in that the bypass valve 36 of FIG. 7 is replaced with a bypass valve 36b. This bypass valve 36b communicates the piston rod remote side working chamber of the cylinder 4b with the piston rod adjacent side working chamber when in the bypass position, but isolates these working chambers from the pressure source of the hydraulic system. is there. When the fastening tool is in the pre-operation position, the working chambers of the cylinder 4b are both free of pressure, so the punch does not apply any punching force. Therefore, in this embodiment, rivet detection cannot be performed when the fastening tool is in the pre-operation position. In all other embodiments of the present invention, when the fastening tool is in the pre-operation position, the punch applies a punching force that can be used for rivet detection. In other respects, the arrangement operation of FIG. 8 is the same as the arrangement operation of FIG.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the first working step before the joining operation is performed by first operating the clamp to apply a relatively small clamping force, and then processing the rivet by the punch with a relatively small punching force. This can be done in two steps: pressing against an object. The workpieces are thereby held in contact with each other by the rivets so that the clamp can be depressurized shortly before setting the rivets.

  As described above, the rivet method of the present invention can be combined with a method that uses an adhesive between adjacent surfaces of the workpiece, at least in the joining region. More specifically, an adhesive layer K is provided between the workpieces A and B for that purpose (see FIGS. 1 to 3).

  In the conventional rivet method in which a large clamping force is applied before and during the joining operation, as disclosed in, for example, European Patent Application No. EP0675774, before the joining operation, the adhesive is moved to the center of the joining region by the clamping pressure. It is enclosed. Therefore, during the joining operation, the adhesive cannot be freely compressed or flow freely radially outward from the joining region. Also, the large clamping force increases the repulsion of the workpiece when the self-piercing rivet penetrates the upper workpiece. As a result, bubbles and grooves are generated in the adhesive layer.

  In contrast, according to the method of the present invention, only a relatively small clamping force is applied before the joining operation, and substantially no clamping force is applied during the joining operation. It can be compressed or can flow freely radially outward from the joint area. Further, since the clamping force is not substantially applied during the joining operation, the repulsion of the upper workpiece A can be reduced, and thus the risk of bubbles and grooves in the adhesive layer K can be reduced.

  In order to further reduce this risk, a self-drilling rivet N 'shown in FIG. 9 is used with an adhesive in this combination method. This self-piercing rivet N 'has a rivet head N1 and a rivet shank N2. Unlike the conventional rivet, the outer surface N3 of the rivet shank N2 is not cylindrical and is slightly tapered so as to extend toward the rivet head N1. More specifically, the outer surface N3 is conical with a cone angle α. Therefore, when the rivet N ′ having the conical outer surface N3 is pushed through the workpieces A and B (FIG. 3), the upper workpiece A repels because the outer surface of the rivet shank N2 is tapered. That is, a downward force that prevents upward bending is applied to the upper workpiece A. As a result, the workpieces A and B remain in contact with each other in the joining region, and any voids can be avoided between the workpieces A and B, and bubbles and grooves are formed in the adhesive layer K. Can be prevented.

  In any case, the cone angle α is greater than 0, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 °, in particular in the range of 1 to 5 °. As illustrated, the outer surface of the rivet shank N2 may taper over its entire length. Alternatively, only a specific portion of the outer surface may be tapered and the remaining portion may be cylindrical. In particular, it is possible to make the outer surface N3 of the bottom portion cylindrical, and to taper only the portion between the bottom portion and the head N1. The axial length of this bottom part can preferably be selected so as not to exceed the thickness of the upper workpiece A.

  The use of such a self-drilling rivet N ′ in the rivet-adhesive combination method for joining workpieces avoids any voids in the joining region between workpieces A and B, and This is particularly effective for preventing bubbles and grooves from forming in the adhesive layer K.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a fastening tool of the present invention at a basic position. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing the fastening tool of the present invention in a pre-operation position. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view similar to FIG. 1 showing the fastening tool of the present invention at the operation position and the post-operation position. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the fastening tool shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 having a valve assembly for hydraulic control of the fastening tool at a basic position. FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing a modified example of the fastening tool and the valve assembly. FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing a modified example of the fastening tool and the valve assembly. FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing a modified example of the fastening tool and the valve assembly. FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 4 showing a modified example of the fastening tool and the valve assembly. FIG. 9 shows a special self-piercing rivet for use in the method and apparatus of the present invention.

Claims (27)

A method for joining at least two plate-like workpieces made of similar or different materials by a fastening tool, wherein the fastening tool is a punch for applying a punching force for performing a joining operation in a joining region. And a clamp for applying a clamping force to the workpiece supported on the die, the method comprising:
During the joining operation, a large punching force is applied to perform the joining operation, and the material can be freely deformed in the joining region without substantially applying a clamping force.
A method for joining workpieces, wherein after the joining operation, a large punching force and a large clamping force are simultaneously applied to reduce deformation of the workpieces and the workpieces are compressed in the joining region.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the large punching force applied after the joining operation and the large clamping force applied after the joining operation are maintained for a predetermined time.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the large clamping force is applied within a short time after the end of the joining operation.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the large clamping force applied after the joining operation is greater than 5 kN, preferably 7.8 kN.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the large punching force applied after the joining operation is greater than 5 kN, preferably 6.5 kN.   The method according to claim 1, wherein, prior to the joining operation, the clamp is pressed against the workpieces with a small clamping force to prevent relative movement of the workpieces.   7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the small clamping force is less than 7.8 kN, preferably less than 3.9 kN. Before the joining operation, it applies a small punch force method of claim 1.   9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the small punching force applied before the joining operation is less than 5.0 kN, preferably less than 2.5 kN.   The method according to claim 1, wherein no punching force is applied before the joining operation.   The method of claim 1, wherein an adhesive layer is provided between the joining area and the surrounding workpiece prior to pressing the clamp against the workpiece.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the fastening tool is a rivet tool for setting a self-piercing rivet.   The fastening tool is a rivet tool for setting a self-piercing rivet, the self-piercing rivet has a rivet shank and a rivet head, and the rivet shank faces the rivet head at least in a predetermined shank region. The method of claim 1, wherein the method has an outer surface that is tapered to widen.   The method of claim 13, wherein an outer surface of the rivet shank is conical at least in the predetermined shank region.   The method of claim 1, wherein the fastening tool is a clinch tool.   The method of claim 1, wherein the punch and the clamp are actuated by a common hydraulic piston-cylinder assembly.   The method of claim 1, wherein the punch and the clamp are each actuated by a dedicated piston-cylinder assembly. An apparatus for operating a fastening tool for joining at least two plate workpieces of similar or different materials, the apparatus comprising:
A hydraulic cylinder having a cylindrical cavity;
A main piston having a piston rod integrally connected to a punch for performing a joining operation,
The main piston divides the cavity of the cylinder into a piston rod remote side working chamber and a piston rod adjacent side working chamber, and one side of the main piston is pressurized by the pressure in the piston rod remote side working chamber. And the main piston whose axially opposite side is pressurized by the pressure in the piston rod adjacent side working chamber,
A clamp piston having a piston rod integrally connected to the clamp for applying a clamping force to the workpiece,
The clamp piston and its piston rod include a clamp piston that extends coaxially around the piston rod of the main piston and is relatively movable,
Wherein each working chamber has a pressure fluid port for selectively pressurizing or depressurizing;
The clamp piston is disposed in a working chamber adjacent to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the working chamber adjacent to the piston rod has sections disposed on opposite sides of the clamp piston in the axial direction; The section is for operating a fastening tool, which is in communication with each other by means of fluid flow passages, so that the pressure in the working chamber adjacent to the piston rod is pressurized on both axially opposite sides of the clamping piston. apparatus.   19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the piston rod remote working chamber and the piston rod adjacent working chamber are associated with separate control valves so that they can be selectively pressurized or depressurized. An apparatus for operating a fastening tool for joining at least two plate workpieces of similar or different materials, the apparatus comprising:
A first hydraulic cylinder having a cylindrical cavity;
A main piston having a piston rod integrally connected to a punch for performing a joining operation,
The main piston divides the cylindrical cavity of the cylinder into a piston rod remote side working chamber and a piston rod adjacent side working chamber, and each working chamber is a pressure fluid port for selectively pressurizing or depressurizing. Having a main piston,
A second hydraulic cylinder including a clamp piston and a piston rod integrally connected to the clamp for applying a clamping force, the clamp piston being selectively pressurized or depressurized by a pressure fluid; In an apparatus comprising a second hydraulic cylinder defining a working chamber,
An apparatus for operating a fastening tool, wherein the one working chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder and the working chamber adjacent to the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder are in permanent communication by fluid communication means.   21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the piston rod remote working chamber and the piston rod adjacent working chamber are associated with separate directional control valves so that they can be selectively pressurized or depressurized.   The piston rod adjacent working chamber and the piston rod remote working chamber are associated with a common bypass valve and a common directional control valve connected in series so that they can be selectively pressurized or depressurized. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein:   The main piston and the clamp piston are moved in one direction so that the clamp piston is driven to the corresponding basic position by movement to the end position of the main piston. The apparatus of claim 18, which is connectable to each other by contact means.   An operation position in which the piston rod remote side working chamber is pressurized by a high pressure for performing the joining operation and the piston rod adjacent side working chamber is depressurized so that the clamp does not substantially apply a clamping force. The apparatus of claim 18, comprising:   After the joining operation, the piston rod remote side working chamber and the piston rod adjacent side working chamber have post-operation positions that are pressurized by high pressure so that the punch and the clamp apply a large punching force and a large clamping force, respectively. 25. The apparatus of claim 24.   Prior to the joining operation, the piston rod remote working chamber and the piston rod adjacent working chamber are both pressurized at a low pressure so that the punch and the clamp apply a small punching force and a small clamping force, respectively. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, comprising:   A basic position where the piston rod adjacent working chamber is pressurized at a low pressure and the piston rod remote working chamber is depressurized so that the main piston is biased to an end position separated from the joining region. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, comprising:

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