JP3926950B2 - Oil substance adsorbent and adsorption method - Google Patents
Oil substance adsorbent and adsorption method Download PDFInfo
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- JP3926950B2 JP3926950B2 JP28785799A JP28785799A JP3926950B2 JP 3926950 B2 JP3926950 B2 JP 3926950B2 JP 28785799 A JP28785799 A JP 28785799A JP 28785799 A JP28785799 A JP 28785799A JP 3926950 B2 JP3926950 B2 JP 3926950B2
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- oily substance
- oil
- adsorbent
- fiber
- rope
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills
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- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は、水面ないし海面に流出した油状物質、とくに流水面に浮遊する油状物質を捕集するのに適した油状物質吸着材と、該吸着材を用いた吸着方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
油状物質吸着材は、現在様々な場面において使用されている。例えば、工場排水浄化のための排水中の油状物質の捕集、海上又は河川に流出した流出油の回収等である。油状物質吸着材はそれぞれの目的に応じて多種多用なものが知られている。その形態は、不織布、綿状物、テープ状物、それらをロープ状部材に結束させたもの、網状物をオイルフェンスとして用いるもの等、様々である。
【0003】
水の流れがある河川及び海などに流出した油状物質を回収する場合、平面状のもの、例えば正方形の不織布状油吸着マットは、流れて回収が困難である。また、平面上の油吸着マットをロープ状部材に結び付けた、いわゆる万国旗型油状物質吸着材は、マットの重なりや折れによってマット間に隙間が生じ、そこから油が通過したり、水中のゴミを拾うことにより吸着能が低下し、吸着効率上問題がある。
【0004】
更に、繊維の集合体の両端を結束した油状物質吸着材、及び該油状物質吸着材を直列につなぎ合わせたものも知られているが、隙間からの吸着漏れや吸着量及び吸着油の保持率の点において、平面状油吸着マットを用いた油状物質吸着材に及ばない。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、水面ないし海面上に浮遊する油状物質回収の吸着量、吸着油保持率及び吸着効率を改善させた油状物質吸着材と、該油状物質吸着材を用いた吸着方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題の解決手段】
本発明者らは、上記問題点に鑑み鋭意検討を重ねた結果、驚くべきことに、特定の径及び長さを有する繊維又はリボン状物の一端をロープ状部材に結束した繊維又はリボン状物の集合体が、油状物質、ことに流水面上の油状物質の回収に極めて有用であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち請求項1記載の発明は、繊維径1μm〜1mmの繊維が複数本束ねられた繊維束の一端をロープ状部材に結束し、それ以外をばらけるようにしたことを特徴とする。
請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明において、繊維に長さ0.5m以上の合成繊維又は天然繊維を用いることを特徴とする。
【0008】
請求項3記載の発明は、請求項2記載の発明における合成繊維が解繊糸であることを特徴とする。
請求項4記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明の油状物質吸着材を用いた吸着方法に関するもので、請求項1記載の油状物質吸着材を流れのある河川又は海面に展張し、水面ないし海面に浮遊する油状物質を回収することを特徴とする。
【0009】
請求項5記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明の油状物質吸着材を用いた別の吸着方法に関するもので、請求項1記載のロープ状部材を単独又は複数の船舶に固定し、油状物質吸着材を海面に展張して船舶を運行することにより水面ないし海面に浮遊する油状物質を回収することを特徴とする。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の油状物質吸着材としては、長さ1〜10mの繊維を5〜20本(合計約30〜900g)束ねて繊維束を作り、これをかご型ロープに約5〜10cmの間隔で50ないし100束結束したものが例示される。
【0011】
繊維は合成繊維であってもよいし、天然繊維であってもよい。
合成繊維としては、熱可塑性樹脂を原料としたものであれば、如何ようなものでもよく、熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えばポリエチレン、アイソタクチックポリプロピレン、シンジオタクチックポリプロピレン、エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー、オレフィン−ノルボルネンコポリマー、ポリブテン等のポリオレフィン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル等のビニル系重合体、PET、PBT等の芳香族ポリエステル、ナイロン6、ナイロン6,6等のポリアミド、ポリ乳酸、ポリサクシニックブチレート等の脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリオール、ポリエステルポリオール、ポリカーボネート、レーヨン等が挙げられる。
【0012】
これら熱可塑性樹脂のなかでも、親油性及び/又は疎水性を有するものが好ましい。なかでも、ポリオレフィン、特にポリエステル、ポリプロピレン、エチレン−プロピレンコポリマーが好ましい。これら熱可塑性樹脂には、油状物質の吸着率を高めるための添加剤を含んでいてもよい。例えばポリオレフィンワックス、高級脂肪酸等が挙げられる。なお、これらを繊維の表面処理剤として使用しても、一向に差し支えない。
【0013】
繊維は、モノフィラメント、マルチフィラメント或いは解繊糸のいずれでもよい。こうした繊維の製法は、特に限定されず、フィラメントの場合、例えば、溶融押出紡糸法、界面重合紡糸法等が挙げられ、解繊糸の場合、フィルムをカーディングすることにより得ることができる。
【0014】
また、必要に応じて、紫外線吸着剤等のような耐候性付与剤を樹脂に添加、又は繊維或いはリボン状物に塗布してもよい。一方、天然繊維としては、綿、麻、絹、木質繊維などの植物性繊維、羊毛などの動物性繊維等が挙げられる。なお、これらを上記の添加剤で表面処理して用いることもできる。
【0015】
繊維径は、余り太いと吸着油保持率の低下をきたし、また細過ぎると強度の面で問題である。ここでいう繊維径とは、解繊糸及びマルチフィラメントの場合、各1本のフィラメントのことをいう。
【0016】
上述する繊維の長さは、河川用では、0.5〜5m程度であることが好ましい。これより短いときは、繊維の充分な量が得られず、吸着量、吸着効率の点において劣る。また、これより長いと、吸着量、吸着効率の面では特に問題ないが、水面への装着、吸着後の回収時に取扱にくゝなる。より好ましくは1〜2m程度である。また、海水面に浮遊する油状物質を特に回収装置を具備した船舶により回収するときには、0.5〜100m程度、特に1〜50m程度であることが好ましい。
【0017】
流水面用の油状物質吸着材としては、一端をロープ状部材に結束したものが好ましい。ロープ状部材としては、材質、形状ともに特に限定されない。縄状に撚り合わせたもの、かご型ロープ、シートベルト用ロープのような強度に優れたもの等、如何ようなものも使用できる。
【0018】
油吸着能を有する熱可塑性樹脂、特に繊維状のものを使用したときには、油吸着効果を有しており、好ましい態様である。またかご型ロープは、両端が杭等の固定物に接続が容易な形状を有しており、また固定物からはずれ難いため、取扱上好ましい態様である。ロープ状部材の長さは、使用する場面に応じて選択することができる。
【0019】
各繊維は複数本束ねられ、繊維束として、その一端がロープ状部材に固定される。繊維束のロープ状部材への固定方法は特に限定されず、繊維自体による物理的結束、熱的結束、接着剤を使用した化学的結束、他の繊維による物理的結束等如何ようなものでもよい。
【0020】
繊維束の1束の重量は、特に限定されない。なぜなら、当該重量は、繊維径及びロープ状部材への結束間隔等により調節しうるからである。結束間隔もまた特に限定されないが、極端に広いと吸着効率が悪くなる。本発明の油状物質吸着材としては、長さ1〜100mの繊維5〜20本(合計約30〜900g)束ねて繊維束を作り、これをかご型ロープに約5〜10cmの間隔で50ないし100束、結束した態様が例示される。
【0021】
本発明の油状物質吸着材は、流水海面上で特に優れた効果を奏する。本発明の油状物質吸着材は、繊維束で構成されていることにより、しなやかであり、水面との密着性に優れ、不織布等のように重なり部分の隙間からの回収ロスを極力抑えることが可能である。また河川、海水等流れのある水面又は海面上に浮遊する油状物質は、一旦水面又は海面より若干水中に潜ってしまうことがあるが、本発明の油状物質吸着材は、流水方向に一定以上の長さを有しており、一旦水中に潜った油状物質が再度水面又は海面に浮上した際に回収することが可能である。さらに、一定の繊維径を有する繊維束で構成されていることにより、テープ状物等に比して、油吸着量及び吸着油保持率に優れている。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の好ましい態様を具体的に開示するが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。
【0023】
【実施例1】
ポリプロピレン(添加剤入り)フィルムから製造した長さ2mの解繊糸(繊維径3μm)を二つ折りにして図2に示すように1束30gの繊維束3を作り、これを外径8mm、長さ10mのかご型ロープ4に10cm間隔で50束、両端を2.5m残して結束し、油状物質吸着材を得た。
【0024】
【実施例2】
実施例1の解繊糸を繊維径30μmとする以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で油状物質吸着材を得た。
【0025】
【実施例3】
ポリプロピレン(添加剤入り)フィルムから製造した長さ8mの解繊糸(繊維径3μm)を二つ折りにして、1束120gの繊維束を作り、これを実施例1と同じかご型ロープに10cm間隔で50束、実施例1と同様にして結束し、油状物質吸着材を得た。
【0026】
【実施例4】
ポリプロピレン(添加剤入り)フィルムから製造した長さ8mの解繊糸(繊維径3μm)を二つ折りにして、1束900gの繊維束を作り、これを実施例1と同じかご型ロープに15cm間隔で33束結束し、油状物質吸着材を得た。
【0027】
【比較例1】
長さ2mのポリプロピレンモノフィラメント(繊維径1.2mm)を二つ折りにして1束30gの繊維束を作り、実施例1と同じかご型ロープに10cm間隔で50束結束し、油状物質吸着材を得た。
【0028】
【実験例1】
<吸着量の経時変化>
A重油に油状物質吸着材を10分間浸漬後引上げ、その後の重量の経時変化を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
【0029】
【表1】
【0030】
【実験例2】
<回収効率>
1m/minの水流中に実施例1の油状物質吸着材を全体が流れるように設置し、上流よりA重油を投入し、水流上の油の変化を観察した。その結果、下流への油洩れは殆ど見られなかった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明の油状物質吸着材及び該油状物質吸着材を用いた吸着方法によると、水面ないし海面上に浮遊する油状物質、ことに流水面上の浮遊油状物質の回収を効率よく行い、油吸着量及び吸着油保持率を向上させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】リボン状物の概略図。
【図2】油状物質吸着材の概略図。
【符号の説明】
1・・スリット
2・・繊維束
4・・かご型ロープ[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to an oily substance adsorbing material suitable for collecting an oily substance that has flowed out to the surface of the water or the sea, particularly an oily substance floating on the surface of the flowing water, and an adsorption method using the adsorbing material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Oily substance adsorbents are currently used in various situations. For example, collection of oily substances in wastewater for purification of factory wastewater, recovery of oil spilled on the sea or river, and the like. Various types of oily substance adsorbents are known for various purposes. The form is various, such as a nonwoven fabric, a cotton-like thing, a tape-like thing, what bound them to a rope-like member, and what uses a net-like thing as an oil fence.
[0003]
When recovering an oily substance that has flowed into a river or sea where water flows, a flat one, for example, a square non-woven oil adsorption mat, flows and is difficult to recover. In addition, the so-called universal flag-type oil-absorbing material adsorbent, in which a flat oil-absorbing mat is tied to a rope-like member, creates gaps between the mats due to mat overlapping and folding, and oil passes through it, By picking up the adsorbent, the adsorptive capacity is lowered and there is a problem in adsorption efficiency.
[0004]
Furthermore, there are also known oily substance adsorbents in which both ends of a fiber assembly are bound, and those obtained by connecting the oily substance adsorbents in series. In this respect, it does not reach the oil-absorbing material adsorbent using the planar oil adsorbing mat.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides an oily substance adsorbent having improved adsorption amount, adsorbed oil retention rate and adsorption efficiency of recovery of oily substance floating on the water surface or sea surface, and an adsorption method using the oily substance adsorbent. Objective.
[0006]
[Means for solving problems]
As a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors have surprisingly found that a fiber or ribbon-like material in which one end of a fiber or ribbon-like material having a specific diameter and length is bound to a rope-like member. Was found to be extremely useful for the recovery of oily substances, particularly oily substances on the surface of the flowing water, and the present invention was completed.
[0007]
That is, the invention described in claim 1 is characterized in that one end of a fiber bundle in which a plurality of fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 μm to 1 mm are bundled is bound to a rope-like member and the other is separated.
The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, synthetic fibers or natural fibers having a length of 0.5 m or more are used for the fibers.
[0008]
The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the synthetic fiber in the invention described in claim 2 is a defibrated yarn.
The invention described in
[0009]
The invention according to claim 5 relates to another adsorption method using the oil-absorbing material adsorbing material according to claim 1, wherein the rope-like member according to claim 1 is fixed to one or a plurality of ships to obtain an oily substance. The oily substance floating on the water surface or the sea surface is recovered by operating the ship with the adsorbent spread on the sea surface.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the oily substance adsorbing material of the present invention, a fiber bundle is formed by bundling 5 to 20 fibers having a length of 1 to 10 m (total of about 30 to 900 g), and this is bundled on a cage rope at intervals of about 5 to 10 cm. The thing bundled 100 thru | or 100 bundles is illustrated.
[0011]
The fiber may be a synthetic fiber or a natural fiber.
The synthetic fiber may be any material as long as it is made from a thermoplastic resin. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, olefin- Norbornene copolymers, polyolefins such as polybutene, vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate, aromatic polyesters such as PET and PBT, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 6, 6, etc., polylactic acid, polysuccinic butyrate Aliphatic polyester such as polyurethane, polyol, polyester polyol, polycarbonate, rayon and the like.
[0012]
Among these thermoplastic resins, those having lipophilicity and / or hydrophobicity are preferable. Among these, polyolefin, particularly polyester, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymer are preferable. These thermoplastic resins may contain an additive for increasing the adsorption rate of the oily substance. Examples thereof include polyolefin wax and higher fatty acid. In addition, even if these are used as a surface treatment agent for fibers, there is no problem.
[0013]
The fiber may be a monofilament, a multifilament, or a defibrated yarn. The production method of such fibers is not particularly limited, and in the case of filaments, for example, melt extrusion spinning method, interfacial polymerization spinning method and the like can be mentioned, and in the case of defibrated yarn, it can be obtained by carding the film.
[0014]
Further, if necessary, a weather resistance imparting agent such as an ultraviolet adsorbent may be added to the resin, or applied to a fiber or ribbon. On the other hand, examples of natural fibers include plant fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk, and wood fibers, and animal fibers such as wool. These can be used after being surface-treated with the above-mentioned additives.
[0015]
If the fiber diameter is too thick, the adsorbed oil retention rate is lowered, and if the fiber diameter is too thin, there is a problem in terms of strength. The fiber diameter here means one filament in the case of defibrated yarn and multifilament.
[0016]
The length of the fiber described above is preferably about 0.5 to 5 m for rivers. When the length is shorter than this, a sufficient amount of fibers cannot be obtained, and the amount of adsorption and adsorption efficiency are poor. If the length is longer than this, there is no particular problem in terms of the amount of adsorption and the efficiency of adsorption, but it becomes difficult to handle at the time of mounting on the water surface and recovery after adsorption. More preferably, it is about 1-2 m. In addition, when the oily substance floating on the sea surface is recovered by a ship equipped with a recovery device, it is preferably about 0.5 to 100 m, particularly about 1 to 50 m.
[0017]
As an oily substance adsorbing material for a flowing water surface, one in which one end is bound to a rope-like member is preferable. The rope-shaped member is not particularly limited in both material and shape. Anything can be used, such as a twisted rope, a cage rope, a seatbelt rope with excellent strength.
[0018]
When a thermoplastic resin having an oil adsorbing ability, particularly a fibrous one, is used, it has an oil adsorbing effect and is a preferred embodiment. Further, the cage rope has a shape that can be easily connected to a fixed object such as a pile at both ends, and is difficult to be detached from the fixed object. The length of the rope-shaped member can be selected according to the scene to be used.
[0019]
A plurality of each fiber is bundled, and one end of the fiber bundle is fixed to the rope-shaped member. The method of fixing the fiber bundle to the rope-shaped member is not particularly limited, and any method such as physical binding by the fiber itself, thermal binding, chemical binding using an adhesive, physical binding by another fiber, etc. may be used. .
[0020]
The weight of one bundle of fiber bundles is not particularly limited. This is because the weight can be adjusted by the fiber diameter and the binding interval to the rope-like member. The binding interval is also not particularly limited, but if it is extremely wide, the adsorption efficiency is deteriorated. As the oily substance adsorbent of the present invention, a fiber bundle is formed by bundling 5 to 20 fibers (total of about 30 to 900 g) having a length of 1 to 100 m, and this is formed on a cage rope at intervals of about 5 to 10 cm. 100 bundles and bundled embodiments are exemplified.
[0021]
The oily substance adsorbing material of the present invention has a particularly excellent effect on the surface of flowing water. The oil-absorbing material adsorbent of the present invention is made of fiber bundles, is supple, has excellent adhesion to the water surface, and can minimize recovery loss from gaps in overlapping areas such as nonwoven fabrics. It is. In addition, oily substances floating on the water surface or the surface of the water such as rivers and seawater may once submerge in the water slightly from the water surface or the sea surface, but the oily substance adsorbent of the present invention is more than a certain amount in the flowing water direction. It has a length and can be recovered when the oily substance once submerged in the water resurfaces on the water surface or the sea surface. Furthermore, by comprising a fiber bundle having a constant fiber diameter, the oil adsorption amount and the adsorbed oil retention rate are excellent as compared with a tape-like material or the like.
[0022]
【Example】
Although the preferable aspect of this invention is disclosed concretely below, this invention is not limited to this.
[0023]
[Example 1]
A 2 m long defibrated yarn (fiber diameter 3 μm) produced from a polypropylene (additive-added) film is folded in half to form a bundle 30 g of fiber bundle 3 as shown in FIG. An oily substance adsorbent was obtained by binding 50 bundles at 10 cm intervals to a 10 m
[0024]
[Example 2]
An oily material adsorbent was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the defibrated yarn of Example 1 was made to have a fiber diameter of 30 μm.
[0025]
[Example 3]
A 8 m long defibrated yarn (fiber diameter 3 μm) produced from a polypropylene (additive-added) film is folded in half to form a bundle of 120 g of fiber, and this is separated by 10 cm on the same cage rope as in Example 1. Were bundled in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an oily substance adsorbent.
[0026]
[Example 4]
An 8 m long defibrated yarn (fiber diameter 3 μm) produced from a polypropylene (additive-added) film is folded in half to form a bundle of 900 g of fiber bundles, which are spaced by 15 cm on the same cage rope as in Example 1. Thus, an oily substance adsorbent was obtained.
[0027]
[Comparative Example 1]
A polypropylene monofilament (fiber diameter: 1.2 mm) having a length of 2 m is folded in half to form a fiber bundle of 30 g per bundle, and 50 bundles are bundled on the same cage rope as in Example 1 at intervals of 10 cm to obtain an oily substance adsorbent. It was.
[0028]
[Experiment 1]
<Change in adsorption amount over time>
The oily substance adsorbent was dipped in A heavy oil for 10 minutes and then pulled, and the subsequent change in weight was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
[Table 1]
[0030]
[Experimental example 2]
<Recovery efficiency>
The oil-absorbing material adsorbent of Example 1 was installed in a 1 m / min water flow so that the whole flowed, and A heavy oil was introduced from the upstream, and the change of the oil on the water flow was observed. As a result, there was almost no oil leakage downstream.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the oil-absorbing material adsorbent of the present invention and the adsorption method using the oil-absorbing material adsorbent, the oily substance floating on the water surface or the sea surface, particularly the floating oil material on the water surface is efficiently recovered, and the amount of oil adsorbed And adsorption oil retention can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a ribbon-like object.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an oily substance adsorbent.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ・ ・ Slit 2 ・ ・
Claims (5)
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JP28785799A JP3926950B2 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Oil substance adsorbent and adsorption method |
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JP28785799A JP3926950B2 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 1999-10-08 | Oil substance adsorbent and adsorption method |
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JP3926950B2 true JP3926950B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
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JP2017213506A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社クレハ | Oil collector |
CN110396840A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-11-01 | 鲁普耐特集团有限公司 | A kind of oil spilling cleaning plant of oil suction rope, preparation method and application oil suction rope |
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