JP3891364B2 - Method of manufacturing a turbocharger seal ring - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a turbocharger seal ring Download PDFInfo
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- JP3891364B2 JP3891364B2 JP33503895A JP33503895A JP3891364B2 JP 3891364 B2 JP3891364 B2 JP 3891364B2 JP 33503895 A JP33503895 A JP 33503895A JP 33503895 A JP33503895 A JP 33503895A JP 3891364 B2 JP3891364 B2 JP 3891364B2
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- curling
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- seal ring
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車エンジン用等のターボチャージャの回転軸とハウジングとの間に介在されて気密作用をなすシールリングの製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
自動車エンジン用等のターボチャージャの回転軸とハウジング間の気密保持は、回転軸に取り付けたシールプレートと、該回転軸を貫通させたハウジングに設けられて、上記シールプレートに圧接または対峙させたシールリングとによって得る等、シールリングを介在させることで得られている。ターボチャージャは、排気熱の影響による高温下で、しかも数万〜数十万rpmという超高速回転で動作するため、摺動部材となるシールリングには従来より耐熱性、耐摩耗性等に優れる高速度工具鋼が主に使用されてきた。
【0003】
従来のシールリングの製造方法は、▲1▼金属粉末を高温下でリング状に焼き固める焼結法および▲2▼シールリングの断面形状に近い形状の冷間仕上げ、もしくは焼なまし異形線材を、オーステナイト化温度以上に加熱しながら、螺旋状にカーリング加工するとともに、冷却することで、成形加工と同時に焼入れも行なう、いわゆるカーリング焼入れ法の二方法が主であった。熱処理としては焼結法の場合は焼入れ、焼戻し処理、カーリング焼入れ法の場合は、成形時に焼入れが終了しているので焼戻し処理のみが行なわれる。カーリング焼入れ法によるものは、通常この焼戻し処理後切断され、合口を有するC字形リングとされる。続いて、両方法とも通常、機械的もしくは化学的な方法で、前記熱処理に伴うスケール層等を除去し、要すれば中間研磨により表面粗さ、寸法、形状等を整えた後、必要に応じて窒化、溶射、メッキ等の表面処理を施し、最後に仕上研磨で寸法、表面精度を整えて完成品とされている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記製法のうち、焼結法は金属粉末を製造する工程、焼結する工程が前提となり、しかも小さい形状のシールリングを一個一個作らなければならないので高コスト化するという問題点を有する。
一方、カーリング焼入れ法は、高温のカーリング加工に際して、ジグ、工具の損傷が激しいため、また温度の変動によっても、カーリング形状、寸法の変動が大きくなり易く、かつ、これらの変動は、常温に冷却後に測定されるため、制御、修正が遅れやすいこと、製品への酸化スケールの生成が多く、前述の中間研磨が必要となること、またはこのスケール生成を防止するためには、カーリングを閉密室内の保護雰囲気中で行なう必要があり、この場合、カーリング形状、寸法の測定およびその修正が困難化すること、等の欠点がある。なお、上記の酸化スケールの生成による中間研磨は、製品の内径、外径、両端面の4面とも一般に必要であり、カーリング焼入れ法では内径面の研磨には特に多大の工数を要するものである。
さらに、カーリング焼入れ法で使用される熱間カーリング装置は、その前後に大容量の加熱装置と冷却設備が必要となり、大がかりな装置となっている。
【0005】
本発明は、カーリング焼入れ法におけるカーリング形状の変動やその修正の困難性を回避するとともに、中間研磨工程を不要にするシールリングの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者はカーリング焼入れ法の得失を踏まえつつ、シールリングの製造方法について、焼鈍線材をカーリング成形した後焼入れ焼戻し熱処理する方法等、種々の方法について試作テスト、コスト試算を含む基礎的検討を行なった。その結果、本発明者は後述の実施例のように、予め適正な条件で焼入れ焼戻し熱処理されたJIS高速度工具鋼SKH51の線材は、硬さを523〜652HVに調整されているにもかかわらず、線材の幅方向がリングの半径方向となる形状(エッジワイズ)で、かつ2do/(do−di)(ここでdo,diはリングの外径,内径)が例えば10程度の過酷なカーリング条件に対しても十分耐えることをテストの結果見出した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明に用いる熱処理されたJIS高速度工具鋼SKH51の線材は、523〜652HVの熱処理硬さを有するにもかかわらず、カーリングにおいてその外径部に、例えば幅1mmの線材を用いて外径10mmとなるようエッジワイズに曲げ成形するとき、約11.1%の伸び変形を伴う場合であってもカーリングが可能であることがわかった。
因みに、このテストに用いた線材の引張試験における伸び値(標点距離:100mm)は2.6〜3.6%の低い値であった。
本発明は上記のように、523〜652HVの硬度に熱処理された線材が過酷なカーリング条件にも十分耐え得ることを知見したことに基づくものである。
【0008】
そこで、本発明は、ターボチャージャの回転軸とハウジングとの間の気密用部材であるシールリングの製造方法において、予め焼入れ、焼戻し熱処理を施し、硬さを523〜652HVに調整したJIS高速度工具鋼SKH51の長尺の線材を、2do/(do−di)(ここでdo,diはリングの外径,内径)が20未満となるように250℃以下で螺旋状にカーリング加工した後に切断し、合口を有するC字形リング状とすることを特徴とするターボチャージャのシールリングの製造方法である。
ターボチャージャのシールリング製造用の長尺の線材は、JIS高速度工具鋼SKH51の組成を有し、かつ、焼入れ、焼戻し熱処理を施され、硬さを523〜652HVに調整されているターボチャージャのシールリング製造用熱処理線材である。
【0009】
2do/(do-di)は、カーリング成形時の塑性変形度合を示す指標となるもので、この値が小さい程、塑性変形が多く、本発明のごとく高硬度に、したがって引張り試験における伸び率が小さくなるごとく熱処理された材料では、折損が生じてカーリングが不可能となる。
本発明はその発明の特色を示す領域としてこの値が20未満の領域とした。20以上の領域は相対的に折損の可能性が低い。
【0010】
本発明において、カーリングは通常常温下で行なうが、特に高合金鋼、高硬度の線材、特に寸法的に(高い伸びを伴う等)過酷である等の厳しいカーリング条件においては線材の折損抑制の点から焼戻し処理温度以下の温間カーリングとしてもよい。
250℃程度以下のカーリングでは、特にテンパーカラーが着く程度で酸化やそれによる肌荒れも小さく、またカーリング用のジグ、工具等の損傷、作業中の温度変動も少なく、このため、これらによるカーリング形状や寸法の変動は少なく、成形リングの形状、寸法の管理も容易であり、また加熱、冷却装置も小規模でよい等の利点がある。なお、このテンパーカラーは、軽度の酸洗等で容易に除去可能である。
【0011】
また、本発明の製造方法におけるカーリング後の切断方法として、切断砥石等による通常の切断方法の他、レーザ、電子ビーム、プラズマ等の高熱エネルギ密度の加熱法による切断法を採用すると、その切断代を0.1mmまたはそれ以下の0.01mm等とすることが可能である。またカーリング成形体を、その内径に拡径可能なマンドレルを挿入する方法等で弾性変形により拡径した状態で切断し、切断後、その弾性により縮径させることも可能である。これらの方法は、合口間隔が小さいシールリングの製造方法として適当であり、特にこれらの両者を組み合わせることにより、合口が互いに圧力をもって接触したシールリングとすることも可能である。
【0012】
なお、本発明のシールリングの製造方法において、カーリング加工後または切断後、1〜数時間程度等十分な保持時間の焼戻し熱処理を施してもよく、この場合、連続熱処理法による短時間の焼戻しを補って耐摩耗性の向上等の効果がある。
【0013】
次に、本発明において用いる材料は、JIS高速度工具鋼SKH51の組成を有し、かつ焼入れ焼戻し熱処理硬さが523〜652HVに調整されている長尺の線材である。JIS高速度工具鋼SKH51の組成とする理由は、耐熱性、耐摩耗性に優れ望ましいからである。また、現行のカーリング焼入れ法によるものは、硬さが500HV程度である。したがって、少なくとも現行品程度以上の耐摩耗性等の性能を得るものとして硬さを523〜652HVとした。
【0014】
この発明にかかるシールリングの製造方法において、使用する素材は線材を引抜加工や圧延加工で平角線状に仕上げ、長い線材のまま連続焼入れ焼戻し熱処理法したものがよい。すなわち、該線材はその長手方向の硬さ等の特性のバラツキは極めて少なく、かつ、その表面は高度に清浄なものとなし得るから、カーリング加工を冷間または低温度の温間で行なうことによる軽度の酸化やジグ等の損傷低下とあいまって、カーリング加工精度は容易に素材コイルの全長さに亘って高精度に安定し、また寸法的に厳しいカーリング条件に耐えることができるとともに、従来のカーリング焼入れ法で必要であった表面の酸化スケール除去や寸法ムラを吸収するための中間研磨作業が省略でき、かつ自動加工化容易となるからである。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
表1に示すJIS 高速度工具鋼 SKH51の線材を引抜き、焼鈍を繰り返しながらサイズダウンした後、圧延加工によって0.60mm厚×1.0mm幅の平角の長尺の線材に仕上げ、表2に示す各種熱処理条件にて焼入れ焼戻し処理を行なって供試材とした。熱処理は、焼入れ、焼戻しとも連続熱処理炉を用いて行ない、炉内は酸化スケールの発生を防ぐために、それぞれ水素ガス、窒素ガス雰囲気とした。
これらの熱処理線材をカーリング装置によって、外径 10mmのリングに冷間成形し、そのカーリング加工性とカーリング加工後の表面状態、および線材の表面硬さを測定評価した。このカーリング条件ではリングの外径となった部分は約11.1%の伸び変形したこととなる。
【0016】
表2にこれらの状況を示す。表2において焼入れ温度 1050℃、焼戻し温度 600〜670℃で熱処理を施したNo.1〜4の線材は、523〜652HVの硬さにもかかわらず折損がなく、かつ現行のカーリング焼入れ法によるものに比し、高い形状、寸法精度を安定して得ることができ、表面肌も酸化スケールの生成は勿論なく、中間研磨の必要性はなくシールリングとして適当であると判断された。
【0017】
【表1】
【0018】
【表2】
【0019】
一方、焼入れ温度を950℃に低下することで、焼入れままの硬さを上記No.3ないし4とほぼ同程度とした比較材では、カーリング加工時に折損が発生し、成形不可能であった(No.5,6)。これは焼入れままの組織は、焼入れ時の残留歪を多く含んでいるために、同一硬度の焼入れ、焼戻し線材に比べて靭性が低いためである。また、950℃で焼入れした線材を上記No.1〜4とほぼ同じ温度範囲で焼戻し処理を施した線材は、製品硬さが現行のカーリング焼入れ法のHV500程度を下回ることが判明した(No.7,8)。
さらに、焼入れ温度を1150℃とし、上記No.1〜4とほぼ同程度の温度で焼戻し温度のものは硬さがHV670以上となり、冷間でのカーリング加工で折損を生じた。しかし、焼戻し温度を上昇して、650HV程度以下とすることで冷間カーリング可能であった。
これらに対し、カーリング焼入れ法によるものは寸法精度保持が困難で外径のバラツキが多く、かつ表面に厚いスケールを生じ、中間研磨工程が必要であった。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明の製造方法によると、硬さを523〜652HVに調整したJIS高速度工具鋼SKH51において、従来の大気中でのカーリング焼入れ法で不可避であった表面スケールの生成に伴う中間研磨工程が不要となり、しかもカーリング形状や巻径が高精度に安定するため、品質、製品の歩留、生産性が向上するという効果が得られる。また、カーリングに使用する装置も加熱、冷却装置等を簡素化または省略可能となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to method for producing a seal ring forming the interposed airtightly acting between the rotating shaft and the housing of the turbocharger, such as automobile engines.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The airtight maintenance between the rotating shaft and the housing of a turbocharger for an automobile engine or the like is provided in a seal plate attached to the rotating shaft, and a seal provided in pressure contact with or opposed to the seal plate through the rotating shaft. It is obtained by interposing a seal ring. The turbocharger operates at a high temperature under the influence of exhaust heat and at an ultra-high speed of several tens of thousands to several hundreds of thousands of rpm. Therefore, the seal ring, which is a sliding member, has better heat resistance and wear resistance than before. High speed tool steel has been mainly used.
[0003]
Conventional seal ring manufacturing methods include (1) a sintering method in which metal powder is baked and hardened at high temperature and (2) a cold finish with a shape close to the cross-sectional shape of the seal ring, or an annealed deformed wire. The two main methods are the so-called curling and quenching method, in which the steel is curled in a spiral shape while being heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature, and is cooled at the same time as the forming process. As the heat treatment, in the case of the sintering method, quenching and tempering treatment, and in the case of the curling quenching method, quenching is completed at the time of molding, so only the tempering treatment is performed. The curling and quenching method is usually cut after this tempering process to form a C-shaped ring having a joint. Subsequently, both methods are usually mechanical or chemical methods to remove the scale layer and the like accompanying the heat treatment, and if necessary, after adjusting the surface roughness, dimensions, shape, etc. by intermediate polishing, if necessary Surface treatment such as nitriding, thermal spraying, plating, etc. is performed, and finally finished polishing is used to adjust the dimensions and surface accuracy to produce a finished product.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among the manufacturing methods, the sintering method is premised on a process for producing metal powder and a sintering process, and has a problem that the cost is increased because small seal rings must be made one by one.
On the other hand, in the curling and quenching method, jigs and tools are severely damaged during high-temperature curling, and the variation in curling shape and dimensions is likely to increase due to temperature fluctuations, and these fluctuations are cooled to room temperature. Because it is measured later, control and correction are likely to be delayed, production of oxidized scale on the product is much, and the above-mentioned intermediate polishing is necessary, or to prevent this scale formation, curling is performed in a closed chamber. In this case, there are disadvantages such as the curling shape, the measurement of the dimensions and the correction thereof becoming difficult. In addition, the intermediate polishing by the generation of the above-mentioned oxide scale is generally required for the four surfaces of the inner diameter, outer diameter, and both end faces of the product, and in the curling quenching method, polishing of the inner diameter face requires a particularly large number of steps. .
Furthermore, the hot curling device used in the curling and quenching method requires a large-capacity heating device and cooling equipment before and after that, and is a large-scale device.
[0005]
The present invention is to avoid the difficulty of curling shape variation and its modifications in curling quenching method, and its object is to provide a manufacturing how the seal ring to eliminate the need for intermediate abrasive steps.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor conducted basic examination including trial production test and cost estimation for various methods such as a method of manufacturing a seal ring, a method of performing a quenching and tempering heat treatment after curling and forming an annealed wire, taking into account the pros and cons of the curling and quenching method. It was. As a result, the present inventor, as in the examples described later, the wire rod of JIS high speed tool steel SKH51 that has been previously quenched and tempered under appropriate conditions, although the hardness is adjusted to 523 to 652HV. Severe curling conditions such that the width direction of the wire is the radial direction of the ring (edgewise) and 2 do / (do-di) (where do and di are the outer diameter and inner diameter of the ring), for example, about 10. It was found as a result of the test that it can withstand the
[0007]
That is, the heat-treated JIS high-speed tool steel SKH51 wire used in the present invention has a heat treatment hardness of 523 to 652 HV , but the outer diameter portion is curled by using , for example, a wire with a width of 1 mm. It was found that curling is possible even when accompanied by about 11.1% elongation deformation when bending edgewise to a diameter of 10 mm .
Incidentally, the elongation value (mark distance: 100 mm) in the tensile test of the wire used in this test was a low value of 2.6 to 3.6%.
As described above, the present invention is based on the finding that the wire heat-treated to a hardness of 523 to 652 HV can sufficiently withstand severe curling conditions.
[0008]
The present onset bright is the manufacturing method of the sealing ring is air-tight member between the rotary shaft and the housing of the turbocharger, previously hardened, JIS height to facilities the tempering heat treatment was adjusted hardness to 523~652HV After the long wire rod of the speed tool steel SKH51 is spirally curled at 250 ° C. or lower so that 2 do / (do-di) (where do and di are the outer diameter and inner diameter of the ring) is less than 20. cut, a manufacturing method of the sealing ring features and to filter Bochaja that the C-shaped ring having an abutment joint.
Long wire for sealing rings manufactured of data Bochaja has a composition of JIS high speed tool steel SKH51, and hardened, subjected to a tempering heat treatment, the turbocharger is adjusted hardness to 523~652HV This is a heat-treated wire for producing a seal ring.
[0009]
2do / (do-di) is an index indicating the degree of plastic deformation at the time of curling molding.The smaller this value, the more plastic deformation, the higher the hardness as in the present invention, and hence the elongation in the tensile test. A material that has been heat-treated as it becomes smaller breaks, making curling impossible.
In the present invention, this value is less than 20 as an area showing the feature color of the invention. Areas of 20 or more are relatively unlikely to break.
[0010]
In the present invention, curling is usually carried out at room temperature. However, particularly in high-alloy steels, high-hardness wire rods, and particularly in severe curling conditions such as severe dimensions (with high elongation, etc.) It is good also as warm curling below the tempering process temperature.
Curling at about 250 ° C or less is particularly resistant to oxidation and rough skin due to the temper color, and there are few damages to jigs and tools for curling and temperature fluctuations during work. There are advantages such as little variation in dimensions, easy management of the shape and dimensions of the molding ring, and a small heating and cooling device. The temper color can be easily removed by mild pickling or the like.
[0011]
Further, as a cutting method after curling in the manufacturing method of the present invention, when a cutting method using a heating method with a high thermal energy density such as a laser, an electron beam, or a plasma is adopted in addition to a normal cutting method using a cutting grindstone or the like, the cutting allowance thereof is used. Can be set to 0.1 mm or less, such as 0.01 mm. It is also possible to cut the curling molded body in a state where the diameter is expanded by elastic deformation by a method of inserting a mandrel capable of expanding the diameter into the inner diameter, and to reduce the diameter by the elasticity after cutting. These methods are suitable as a method for manufacturing a seal ring with a small gap between the joints. In particular, by combining these two, it is possible to obtain a seal ring in which the joints are in contact with each other with pressure.
[0012]
In addition, in the manufacturing method of the seal ring of the present invention, after curling or cutting, tempering heat treatment having a sufficient holding time such as about 1 to several hours may be performed. In this case, tempering by a continuous heat treatment method is performed for a short time. It supplements and has the effect of improving wear resistance .
[0013]
Then, the material used in the present onset Ming has a composition of JIS high speed tool steel SKH51, and a long wire that quenching and tempering heat treatment hardness is adjusted to 523~652HV. The reason for the composition of JIS high-speed tool steel SKH51 is because heat resistance, excellent wear resistance desired. The current curling quenching method has a hardness of about 500 HV. Thus, it was 523~652HV hardness as to obtain the performance such as wear resistance of not less than about current product even without low.
[0014]
In the manufacturing method of the seal ring according to the present invention, it is preferable that the material to be used is a wire obtained by finishing a wire into a flat wire by drawing or rolling, and continuously quenching and tempering with a long wire. That is, the wire has very little variation in characteristics such as the hardness in the longitudinal direction, and the surface can be made to be highly clean, so that the curling process is performed cold or at a low temperature. Combined with mild oxidation and reduced damage such as jigs, the curling accuracy can be easily stabilized over the entire length of the material coil, and can withstand strict curling conditions as well as conventional curling. This is because the removal of the oxidized scale on the surface and the intermediate polishing work for absorbing the dimensional unevenness required in the quenching method can be omitted, and automatic processing becomes easy.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
JIS high-speed tool steel shown in Table 1 SKH51 wire is drawn, downsized while repeating annealing, then finished into a flat wire with 0.60 mm thickness x 1.0 mm width by rolling, and shown in Table 2 Quenching and tempering treatments were performed under various heat treatment conditions to obtain test materials. Heat treatment was performed using a continuous heat treatment furnace for both quenching and tempering, and the inside of the furnace was set to a hydrogen gas atmosphere and a nitrogen gas atmosphere to prevent the generation of oxide scale.
These heat treated wires were cold-formed into a ring having an outer diameter of 10 mm by a curling apparatus, and the curling workability, the surface state after the curling process, and the surface hardness of the wire were measured and evaluated. Under this curling condition, the portion having the outer diameter of the ring is deformed by about 11.1%.
[0016]
Table 2 shows these situations. In Table 2, the wires No. 1 to 4 subjected to heat treatment at a quenching temperature of 1050 ° C. and a tempering temperature of 600 to 670 ° C. are not broken despite the hardness of 523 to 652 HV, and are based on the current curling and quenching method. Compared to the above, it was possible to stably obtain a high shape and dimensional accuracy, and it was judged that the surface skin was suitable for a seal ring without the need for intermediate polishing, of course, without the generation of oxide scale.
[0017]
[Table 1]
[0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
On the other hand, by reducing the quenching temperature to 950 ° C., the hardness as-quenched is as described above. In the comparative material which was almost the same as 3 to 4, breakage occurred during the curling process, and molding was impossible (No. 5, 6). This is because the as-quenched structure contains a lot of residual strain at the time of quenching and thus has lower toughness than the quenched and tempered wire having the same hardness. In addition, the wire quenched at 950 ° C. It was found that the wire material that had been tempered in substantially the same temperature range as 1 to 4 had a product hardness lower than about HV500 of the current curling and quenching method (Nos. 7 and 8).
Further, the quenching temperature was 1150 ° C. The tempering temperature at about the same temperature as 1 to 4 had a hardness of HV670 or more, and breakage occurred during cold curling. However, cold curling was possible by raising the tempering temperature to about 650 HV or less.
On the other hand, the curling and quenching method has difficulty in maintaining dimensional accuracy, has a large variation in outer diameter, and produces a thick scale on the surface, requiring an intermediate polishing step.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the manufacturing method of the present invention, in JIS high-speed tool steel SKH51 whose hardness is adjusted to 523 to 652 HV , an intermediate polishing step associated with generation of a surface scale, which is unavoidable by the conventional curling and quenching method in the atmosphere, is unnecessary. In addition, since the curling shape and the winding diameter are stabilized with high accuracy, the effects of improving quality, product yield, and productivity can be obtained. In addition, the apparatus used for curling can also simplify or omit the heating and cooling apparatus.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP33503895A JP3891364B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1995-12-22 | Method of manufacturing a turbocharger seal ring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP33503895A JP3891364B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1995-12-22 | Method of manufacturing a turbocharger seal ring |
Publications (2)
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JPH09177504A JPH09177504A (en) | 1997-07-08 |
JP3891364B2 true JP3891364B2 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
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JP33503895A Expired - Fee Related JP3891364B2 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1995-12-22 | Method of manufacturing a turbocharger seal ring |
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JP5360018B2 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 株式会社デンソー | Seal ring and manufacturing method thereof |
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