JP3873255B2 - Rainwater collection method, rainwater collection apparatus, and drinking water production apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a rainwater catchment treatment apparatus composed of two systems, a roof surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus and a ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as this type of apparatus, those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-132299 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-228429 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art Document 2) are known. .
[0003]
The apparatus of Prior Art Document 1 will be described. Rainwater collected from the roof tiles of the building due to the rain 101 passes through the inflow pipe 102 and enters the sedimentation tank 103 to precipitate heavy objects such as sand and garbage, and enters the rainwater storage tank 104. From the rainwater storage tank 104, the rainwater treatment tank 105 will be used as miscellaneous water. In addition, the rain water of the initial rain that contains a lot of dust, sand, dirt, etc. is drained by opening the initial rain drain valve 106 provided in the middle of the inflow pipe 102 for a certain period of time so that it does not flow into the sand settling tank 103. It has become.
[0004]
The sedimentation tank 103, the rainwater storage tank 104, and the rainwater treatment water tank 105 are partitioned by a partition weir 107, and heavy pollutants are precipitated at the bottom of each tank, and the rainwater treatment water tank supplied as miscellaneous water is cleaned as much as possible. Rainwater is collected.
[0005]
Prior Art Document 2 is provided with an overflow weir flowing through an inflow pipe, an inflow tank sandwiched between partition overflow weirs lower than the overflow weir, and the partition weir next to the inflow tank. A drainage tank provided via the overflow dam and the overflow weir, rainwater is collected from the inflow tank to the advection tank, and both tanks become full and accumulate in the diversion tank and exceed the height of the overflow weir. Then, it flows over the overflow weir and flows into the drainage tank. There is a description of a rain water flow collecting device configured to flow to a storage tank.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional rainwater treatment apparatus, all rainwater from the initial rainfall polluted by dust, dirt, oil, etc. collected through the down pipe on the roof or road is drained for a certain period of time. In particular, even in areas where there is little rainfall, all rainwater is drained, and the rainwater treatment device itself is not effectively used.
[0007]
Moreover, even in the case of rain that continues to fall rather than the initial rainfall, the rainwater is always mixed with dust, dirt, sand, etc. due to changes in the amount of rain, etc., contaminated rainwater flows into the sand settling basin and is partitioned by a partition weir However, since it is partitioned in the same tank, the contaminated rainwater once entered is not easily cleaned, and there is a problem that rainwater that is not sufficiently cleaned flows from the rainwater storage tank.
[0008]
The present invention diverts rainwater at the time of initial rainfall and rainwater at the time of rainfall, efficiently removes dirt, dust, oil, sand, etc., and sends purified rainwater to a rainwater reservoir. The purpose is to provide a highly effective and convenient rainwater treatment device by purifying rainwater at the time of rainfall and collecting as much water as possible.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research, the inventor of the present application collects rainwater separately from roof surface rainwater and ground surface rainwater, and combines and stores the rainwater from the roof surface water collection treatment device and the ground surface water collection treatment device. The invention was completed by increasing the degree of purification of water, and the above problems were solved. That is,
[0010]
The present invention is a rainwater collection method for diverting roof surface rainwater, filtering ground surface rainwater, and collecting water.
According to the rainwater collecting apparatus of the present invention, contaminants such as sand heavier than water that were not excluded by the primary treatment device provided in the inflow pipe are precipitated in the inflow tank, and contaminants such as dust that is lighter than water are over. Purified rainwater drained from the pipe to the drainage tank and collected in the staying tank is sent to the upper surface of the ground surface rainwater collection treatment layer, sprinkled through the sprinkler pipe, and permeated through the treatment layer in order to increase the purification level again. It can be filtered, filtered through a permeable pipe, collected in a collecting pipe, and flowed to a rainwater storage tank.
[0011]
Permeable pipes used are concrete permeate pipes with continuous voids, polyethylene permeate pipes with excellent filter permeability and polypropylene permeate pipes, and so on, as long as they have good strength and permeability. Not.
[0012]
The roof surface rainwater collection apparatus according to the present invention includes an initial rainfall detection device, a sand settling device, and a roof surface rainwater collection pipe.
The ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a distribution pipe, a water spray pipe, a water permeation pipe, a collecting pipe, a drainage tank, a rainwater treatment layer, and a water shielding layer.
A ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus further including a side groove for collecting ground surface rainwater and a side groove permeation pipe, and a ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus further comprising a connecting pipe connecting the drain tank and the side groove are also included in the present invention. To do.
The rainwater catchment treatment apparatus of the present invention is composed of two systems of a roof surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus and a ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus.
[0013]
The rainwater collecting apparatus of the present invention includes a roof surface rainwater collecting apparatus, a ground surface rainwater collecting apparatus, a storage facility, and a water quality improving apparatus.
The drinking water production apparatus of the present invention includes a rainwater collecting apparatus, a plurality of storage tanks, and a sterilization apparatus.
Here, the water quality improvement device includes a device using the magnetic property using the separation property of the osmosis membrane using the adsorption property of activated carbon.
The drinking water production apparatus of the present invention comprises a plurality of storage tanks and a sterilizer for water stored by the rainwater treatment apparatus.
The roof surface rainwater collecting apparatus of the present invention is composed of an initial rainfall detection device and a sand settling device.
A rainwater collecting apparatus using this roof surface rainwater collecting apparatus is also included in the present invention.
The ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises a rainwater treatment layer having water retention, a water spray pipe, and a water permeation pipe.
The rainwater catchment apparatus of the present invention also includes a ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus, a side groove provided around the ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus, and a water permeable tube. Furthermore, you may attach the connecting pipe which circulates a gutter and a drainage tank to this.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The roof surface rainwater collecting and processing apparatus of the present invention drains the initial rainfall containing dust, dust sand, etc. for a certain period of time to the detection tank branched from before entering the inflow tank, and sends the overflowed rainwater to the drainage tank. Only the supernatant of the drainage tank is sprinkled on the lawn surface of the ground surface rainwater collection system.
[0015]
According to the sand settling device of the present invention, the rainwater that has exceeded the inflow tank is drained to the drainage tank by the overpipe, and the rainwater from the initial rainfall detector is merged.
[0016]
The ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus of the present invention allows for initial rain and continuous rainwater other than the initial rain, such as dust, dirt, oil, sand, etc., to naturally fall on the turf surface, gravel surface, and pavement surface above the catchment treatment apparatus. It is a structure which is removed by filtration and filtered through the treatment layer, and further filtered through a water permeable tube.
[0017]
A side groove is provided around the ground surface rainwater collecting and processing apparatus of the present invention, and a water permeable tube is laid in a state where it floats from the side groove lower plate in order to effectively use the rainwater flowing out to the periphery. The rainwater collected from the water permeation pipe is led to the ground surface rainwater collection / treatment device, the distribution pipe or the water sprinkling pipe through the connecting pipe.
[0018]
When the amount of infiltration of rainwater is small, it is effective for collecting water to use a filter medium having a small permeability coefficient on the surface of the ground surface rainwater collection system.
The ground surface rainwater collection apparatus of the present invention is suitable for a water source where it is difficult to obtain recharge water.
[0019]
By providing a baffle plate in the drainage tank of the present invention, it is possible to remove contaminated rainwater during initial rainfall with a simple configuration rather than a complicated device.
[0020]
According to the sand settling device of the present invention, the height of the tip of the inflow pipe flowing into the inflow tank and the height of the tip of the discharge pipe provided in the staying tank enhance the outflow effect due to gravity. Is set to a level lower than the tank water level, and even if there is a small amount of rainwater flowing in, the siphon action works and the rainwater flows to the ground surface treatment device.
[0021]
A drain valve, an inflow valve, and a drain valve are provided in order to avoid inflow of polluted water containing contaminants such as dust, dust, sand, and ash during initial rainfall into the inflow tank. In the initial stage, the inflow valve and drain valve are closed. When the discharge tank is open and the detection tank reaches a water level of 50 liters, the inflow rainwater is also clean, so the inflow valve and drain valve are opened at the same time as the discharge valve is closed. It is configured to flow into the primary processing device.
[0022]
In addition, the initial rain detection device described above is in the initial rain state when the drainage stops and the running water stops and the drain valve is automatically opened and the drain valve is closed by the relay of the detector installed at the bottom of the primary treatment device. Return.
[0023]
Since the surface rainwater catchment treatment device has a structure with water retention capacity, the treatment device itself acts as a storage tank, and a water spray pipe, a water permeation pipe, and a collection pipe serve as a kind of storage tank. Therefore, it is possible to store rain for a long period of time, and therefore, the storage facility is filled with water compared to the conventional processing apparatus, and all rain water can be used without discharging excess rain water to the outside.
[0024]
【Example】
[Figure 1]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the roof surface rainwater collecting apparatus according to the present invention.
In FIG. 1, the rain 11 is collected from the roof drain 12 at the initial stage of rain, passes through the gutter 13, and is divided by the discharge valve 14 and the inflow valve 15. It flows into the primary processing device 16 from the inflow valve 15. The presence or absence of this inflow water is detected by the detector 17. The inflow water is poured into a sand settling tank having a separation plate 19 and divided into an inflow tank 20 and a retention tank 21 through the inflow pipe 18.
[0025]
The grit tank 2 3 body split by the separation plate 19. An inflow pipe 18 into which rainwater collected from the roof surface flows is connected to the upper part of the inflow tank 20. Rainwater that has entered the inflow tank flows into the retention tank 21 partitioned by the separation plate. It is sent to the next processing apparatus by the siphon action of the discharge pipe 22. The tip of the discharge pipe is inserted into the retention tank 21, and the overflow water is sent to the drain tank by the overflow pipe 24 and sprinkled on the ground surface treatment layer.
[0026]
In FIG. 1, rainwater purified by the roof surface water collection treatment is sent from the discharge pipe 22 to the distribution pipe 30 of the ground surface treatment apparatus to further increase the degree of purification, sprayed from the water spray pipe 31, and penetrated from the ground surface. After merging with the ground surface rainwater, it is filtered through a permeation pipe, collected and stored in the first tank through the collecting pipe.
[0027]
In FIG. 1, in the initial rainfall stage, the rain 11 collected from the roof drain 12 flows into the detection tank 25 through the discharge valve 14 before flowing into the primary treatment device 16 through the rain gutter 13. When the water level of the detection tank 25 becomes 2/3 of the water level from the bottom of the detection tank, the inflow valve 15 is opened by the relay of the liquid level gauge 28, the discharge valve 14 is closed, and the inflow rainwater is stopped. At the same time, the detection tank drain valve 27 is opened.
[0028]
In FIG. 1, the over water from the detection tank over pipe 26 is sent to the drain tank 42 by the drain drain of the drain valve 27 and the drain pipe 29 and is sprinkled on the upper surface of the ground surface treatment layer.
[0029]
[Figure 2]
It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the ground-surface rainwater treatment apparatus of this invention.
In FIG. 2, this treatment device is a structure composed of elements that combine the rainwater from the roof surface rainwater treatment device and the rainwater from the ground surface rainwater treatment device to increase the degree of purification, and was first purified by the roof surface rainwater treatment device. The rainwater is sent from the discharge pipe 22 to the distribution pipe 30 and is equally distributed from the distribution pipe 30 to each of the water spray pipes 31. The water spray pipe 31 is sprayed over the entire length so that the water can be evenly distributed throughout the rainwater treatment apparatus. The rainwater sprinkled through the sprinkling holes permeates the rainwater treatment layer 55 composed of treated sand, gravel for treatment, and a crushed stone layer, and is filtered through the water permeable pipe 32 laid on the bottom surface of the treated layer. In addition, the rainwater from the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus penetrates into the treatment layer composed of the lawn surface, the treated sand, the gravel for treatment, and the crushed stone layer through the upper lawn surface of the rainwater treatment layer 55, and thereafter. Combined with rainwater sprayed from the rainwater treatment device on the roof It has a structure to be treated.
[0030]
2, the ground surface rainwater processor discharge pipe 22 of the present invention, dispensing tube 30, the water spray pipe 31, water permeability tube 32, collecting case tube 33, is configured from sump 42, a structure in which each fulfill its function, The discharge pipe 22 sends rainwater diverted by the roof rainwater treatment device to the distribution pipe 30, and the distribution pipe 30 distributes the distributed rainwater evenly to the sprinkling pipe 31, and the sprinkling pipe 31 is evenly distributed to the entire treatment layer 55. The permeable pipe 32 filters the rainwater that has permeated into the treatment layer 55, the collecting pipe 33 serves to collect the rainwater filtered from the permeable pipe, and the drainage tank 42 is over the drain pipe 29 and the sedimentation tank. Rainwater from the pipe 24 is collected and sprinkled on the surface of the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus.
[0031]
In FIG. 2, the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus of the present invention is constituted by a side groove 56 for collecting ambient rainwater, a side groove retainer 57, a connecting pipe 58, and a side groove permeation pipe 43 in addition to the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus. The structure has the function of collecting and treating water.
[0032]
In FIG. 2, the ground surface rainwater treatment device has a structure having a function of purifying rainwater by infiltrating rainwater collected from the roof surface rainwater, ground surface rainwater, and gutters into the rainwater treatment layer and filtering it through the permeation pipe 32. Yes.
[0033]
[Fig. 3]
It is description which shows the structure of the cross section of the ground-surface rainwater treatment apparatus of this invention.
In FIG. 3, the treatment layer in the cross section of the ground surface rainwater treatment device is composed of a ground surface lawn surface, treated sand, treatment gravel, and a crushed stone layer 55, and has a structure having a function of penetrating and storing rainwater, By changing the thickness of each layer and the layer material, the function is to increase the purification degree of rainwater.
[0034]
In FIG. 3, the water treatment pipe 55 and the water permeable pipe 32 are laid inside the treatment layer 55, the rainwater is sprinkled from the water spray pipe 31, and the rainwater that has permeated from the ground surface lawn surface is stored in the entire treatment layer. It is made into the structure with the function of a kind of water tank by making it the capacity | capacitance which is filtered by this, is collected by the collecting pipe 33, is sent according to the usage-amount, and is stored for a long term.
[0035]
In Fig. 3, roof surface rain water, ground surface rain water, and gutter rain water can permeate and precipitate the entire treatment layer to remove all contaminants and dissolved matters including dust, dust, and ash fall, which are the biggest problems in rainwater use. , Use all rain effectively.
[0036]
[Fig. 4]
It is description which shows the structure of the rain water collection apparatus around the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus of this invention.
In FIG. 4, the ground surface rainwater treatment device surrounding water collecting device is composed of a side groove 56, a side groove permeation pipe 43 and a side groove retaining rod 57, and the elements constituting each are the overflow water of the ground surface rainwater treatment device and the entire surrounding area. The side groove 56 provided to effectively use the rainwater, the side groove permeation pipe 43 that filters the groove, and the side groove retainer 57 that temporarily stores the rainwater are used.
[0037]
In FIG. 4, the ground surface rainwater treatment device surrounding rainwater permeation device of the present invention collects overwater from the ground surface rainwater treatment device, rainwater from the entire surrounding area in the side groove, and is filtered from the side groove permeation pipe 43 and filtered. The rainwater thus produced is sent to the sprinkler pipe 31 or the distribution pipe 30 installed in the treatment layer in FIG. 3, purified by the treatment layer, and stored in the treatment layer.
[0038]
[Figure 5]
It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the control system of this invention.
In FIG. 5, the control system is composed of a discharge valve 14, an inflow valve 15, a detector 17, a drain valve 27, and a liquid level meter 28, and the control operation is a timer type automatic control by a float type time difference, a remote operation by a remote control, or , Manually.
[0039]
In FIG. 5, the control operation procedure is as follows. The inflow valve 15 and the drain valve 27 are opened by the action of the liquid level gauge 28, and at the same time the discharge valve 14 is closed. After entering the inflow tank 20, the initial operation is completed, but when the rain rises and it does not rain for a long time, the discharge valve 14 is opened by the detector relay installed at the upper part of the inflow pipe and the inflow valve 15. The drain valve 27 is closed and returns to the original state, and the initial operation is returned.
[0040]
In FIG. 5, the above-described operation is intended for automatic control, but depending on the scale of the rainwater treatment apparatus, whether to perform automatic control or manual operation is determined in consideration of economics based on the situation judgment.
[0041]
[Fig. 6]
In FIG. 6, it is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the storage facility and water quality improvement apparatus of this invention.
In FIG. 6, the place which stores the rainwater purified by the rainwater collection apparatus is composed of a first storage tank 34, a second storage tank 37, a third storage tank 38, and a water quality improvement device.
[0042]
In FIG. 6, the first storage tank 34 is divided by a separation plate, rainwater enters the precipitation tank, and heavier than water is settled and separated, enters the pump tank, is sprayed as miscellaneous water, is used as toilet flushing water, and the capacity is The daily consumption is 3 to 5 days.
[0043]
In FIG. 6, the second storage tank 37 is provided with a filtration device 36 enclosing a filter medium such as bamboo charcoal or charcoal before and after the storage tank, and further purified to a higher degree of purification and suitable for drinking water. 7 days.
[0044]
In FIG. 6, the third storage tank 38 is provided with a filtration device, can further improve the degree of purification, and can be used as drinking water immediately, the capacity is 3-5 days of daily usage, and each storage tank contains stored water. In order to avoid dead water, it is divided by a separating plate and circulated.
[0045]
In FIG. 6, the water quality improvement device is composed of a water supply pump 39, a sterilization device 40, a water quality improvement device 41, and a water supply port 60, and supplies drinking water. When the storage tank 37 and the third storage tank 38 are ground facilities, the construction cost can be reduced.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the present invention can provide a rainwater treatment apparatus that integrates roof surface water collection and ground surface water collection and can purify the water until it is suitable for drinking water.
[0047]
The biggest problem of rainwater use is to effectively remove all rainfalls, which can be efficiently removed from initial rains including dust, dust, ash, etc. and rains other than continuous initial rains.
[0048]
For the reasons described above, a roof surface rainwater treatment device and a ground surface rainwater treatment device can be developed, and a rainwater treatment device that can individually separate contaminants such as dust, dust, and ash fall together with rainwater can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a roof-surface rainwater treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a cross-sectional configuration of the ground surface rainwater treatment apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a rainwater collecting device around the ground surface rainwater treatment device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a control system of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a storage facility and a water quality improvement apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Rain 12 Roof drain 13 Gutter 14 Discharge valve 15 Inflow valve 16 Primary processing device 17 Detector 18 Inflow pipe 19 Separation plate 20 Inflow tank 21 Retention tank 22 Discharge pipe 23 Sedimentation tank 24 Sedimentation tank over pipe 25 Detection tank 26 Detection tank over Pipe 27 Drain valve 28 Level gauge 29 Drain pipe 30 Divided pipe 31 Sprinkling pipe 32 Permeable pipe 33 Collecting pipe 34 First storage tank 35 Pumping pump 36 Filtration device 37 Second storage tank 38 Third storage tank 39 Water supply pump 40 Sterilization Device 41 Water quality improvement device 42 Drainage tank 43 Side groove permeation pipe 44 Control panel 54 Water shielding layer 55 Rainwater treatment layer 56 Side groove 57 Side groove retainer 58 Connection pipe 60 Water supply port

Claims (4)

A rainwater collection and treatment device including ash fall comprising a roof surface rainwater collection and treatment device and a ground surface rainwater collection and treatment device provided on the ground surface,
The roof surface rainwater collecting and processing apparatus includes a roof drain provided on a roof of a building, a rain gutter connected to the roof drain, a discharge valve and an inflow valve connected to the rain gutter, and a detection connected to the discharge valve. A tank, a detection tank over pipe and a drain valve connected to the detection tank, a liquid level gauge for detecting a flow rate in the detection tank provided in the detection tank, and a primary processing device connected to the inflow valve, A detector for detecting the presence or absence of water flowing into the primary treatment apparatus; a sand settling tank for allowing rainwater treated by the primary treatment apparatus to flow in via a detector and an inflow pipe; And further comprising a sand settling tank over pipe connected to the sand settling tank,
The rainwater catchment treatment equipment installed on the ground surface is composed of a water-impervious tank provided on the bottom of the rainwater-treated layer, a water permeable pipe laid on the upper part of the water-impervious tank, treated sand provided with a previous water-impervious layer, and gravel for treatment. A rainwater treatment layer consisting of a crushed stone layer, a distribution pipe provided on the top of the rainwater treatment layer, a sprinkling pipe for spraying the rainwater treatment layer, and a rainwater collection system for collecting rainwater from the roof surface rainwater collection system And a discharge pipe
Further, rainwater collecting water containing ash is characterized by comprising a collecting pipe connected to a permeable pipe of a rainwater collecting and processing apparatus installed on the ground surface, and a plurality of buried storage tanks connected to the collecting pipe. Processing equipment. The ground surface rainwater catchment treatment apparatus further comprises a side ditch for collecting ground surface rainwater, a side ditch permeation pipe, a drainage tank, and a connecting pipe connecting the drainage tank and the side ditch. Rainwater collection system. The rainwater treatment layer is composed of treated sand, processing gravel, and a crushed stone layer through an upper lawn surface, and is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the water spray pipe, the water permeable pipe, and the treated layer. 1 Or the collection processing apparatus of the rainwater containing the ash fall of Claim 2. Claim 1 A method for collecting and treating rainwater using the rainwater collection apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 3, during initial rainfall that includes contaminants such as dust, dirt, sand, and ash deposited on roofs, fences, etc. A certain amount of rainwater is treated with an initial rainfall detector and sprinkled on the ground surface rainwater collection device provided on the surface of the drainage tank. After that, it passes through the primary treatment device and contains ash. Rainwater is separated by a sand settling device, and the rainwater sprayed from the sprinkling holes of the surface water catchment treatment device is infiltrated into the rainwater treatment layer composed of treated sand, processing gravel, and crushed stone layer, and the bottom of the treated layer A method of collecting rainwater containing ash that is filtered through a water permeable pipe installed in the water and collected in a plurality of storage tanks through a collecting pipe.

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