JP3869060B2 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Endoscope Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3869060B2
JP3869060B2 JP34405196A JP34405196A JP3869060B2 JP 3869060 B2 JP3869060 B2 JP 3869060B2 JP 34405196 A JP34405196 A JP 34405196A JP 34405196 A JP34405196 A JP 34405196A JP 3869060 B2 JP3869060 B2 JP 3869060B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
hardness
flexible tube
flexible
tip
distal end
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JP34405196A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10179509A (en
Inventor
宏樹 森山
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Corp
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Priority to JP34405196A priority Critical patent/JP3869060B2/en
Priority to US08/997,354 priority patent/US5885208A/en
Publication of JPH10179509A publication Critical patent/JPH10179509A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00078Insertion part of the endoscope body with stiffening means

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、挿入部を構成する可撓管の先端側の硬度を調整可能にした内視鏡に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、細長の挿入部を体腔内に挿入することにより、切開を必要とすることなく、体腔内の検査対象部位を観察したり、必要に応じ、処置具を用いて治療処置の行える内視鏡が広く用いられるようになった。
【0003】
上記内視鏡の挿入部は、屈曲した挿入経路内にも挿通させることができるように可撓性を有するが、可撓性を持たせたことによって、挿入部手元側の操作に対する先端側の方向性が定まらず、目的部位までスムーズに挿通させることが難しいという問題があった。
【0004】
この問題に対処するため、例えば実開平3−43802号公報には、内視鏡の内部にコイルパイプとワイヤとからなる硬度可変手段(或いは可撓性可変手段という)を設け、内視鏡検査を行う術者が簡単な操作を行うことで挿入部の可撓性を調整することにより、屈曲した経路内への挿入を行い易くした内視鏡が開示されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、可撓管の柔軟度が予め先端側部分と手元側部分とで変化させた例えば手元側部分の柔軟度を先端側部分より硬めに設定した可撓管の、手元側部分に硬度可変手段が設けられていた場合には、予め硬めに設定されている手元側部分の硬度を更に硬くすることはできるが、それより先端側の柔軟性の高い部分の硬度を硬めに調整することはできなかった。このため、柔軟性の高い先端側部分が軟らかいままの状態となるので、例えば経肛門的に直腸、S字結腸から下行、横行結腸及び上行結腸などの深部まで挿入させて観察を行うとする場合、術者の手元操作が先端部まで十分に伝わらず、良好な追従性が得られないことから思い通りの操作ができず、スムーズに目的部位まで挿入することができないという問題があった。
【0006】
また、硬度可変手段の先端部を、可撓管の硬さが変化する硬度変化部と略々同じ位置に配置した場合では、硬度可変手段を硬状態にしたとき、可撓管の硬度変化部の硬さに加え、前記硬度可変手段が硬くなることによって、この硬度変化部より先端側の柔軟性に比べてこの硬度変化部の硬さが急激に硬くなるので、可撓管が滑らかな形状で曲がらずに、この硬度変化部近傍で屈曲して良好な挿入性を損なうおそれがあった。
【0007】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、可撓管の柔軟性を重視する一方で、可撓管内に設けられている硬度可変手段の機能を最大限に活用して、手元操作を先端部に伝えて良好な追従性を得られる内視鏡を提供することを目的にしている。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明による内視鏡は、外層部分を構成する外皮によって、先端から所定の範囲を硬度が最も低い軟性可撓部として形成した柔軟性を有する可撓管と、長手方向に硬度可変領域を備え、前記硬度可変領域の先端を前記軟性可撓部内で、かつ前記可撓管の先端から所定長さ離間した位置に配置するとともに、前記可撓管内に沿って設けられた硬度可変手段と、前記軟性可撓部の所定長さの硬度に対して当該所定長さよりも基端側において前記硬度可変手段の硬度を変化させる操作手段とを具備することを特徴とする。
また、本発明による内視鏡は、外層部分を構成する外皮によって、先端から所定の範囲を硬度が最も低い軟性可撓部、基端から所定の範囲を硬度が最も高い硬性可撓部、及び前記軟性可撓部と前記硬性可撓部との間に硬度を最も低い値から最も高い値まで変化させた硬度変化部を形成した柔軟性を有する可撓管と、長手方向に硬度可変領域を備え、前記硬度可変領域の先端を前記硬度変化部内で、かつ前記可撓管の先端から所定長さ離間した位置に配置するとともに、前記可撓管内に沿って設けられた硬度可変手段と、前記軟性可撓部から前記硬度変化部に至る所定長さの硬度に対して当該所定長さよりも基端側において前記硬度可変手段の硬度を変化させる操作手段とを具備することを特徴とする。
【0009】
この構成によれば、可撓管の先端側の追従性の悪かった部分に配設された硬度可変手段の硬度を変えることによって、可撓管の先端側部分の追従性が補われて、挿入性の良好な内視鏡が実現する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
図1ないし図7は本発明の第1実施形態に係り、図1は電子式内視鏡の概略構成を示す説明図、図2は図1のA−A断面図、図3はコイルパイプの可撓管内での配置位置を説明する模式図、図4は図3のB―B断面図、図5は硬度変化部を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図、図6は硬度変化域を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図、図7は内視鏡を経肛門的に挿入しているときの挿入状態を示す図である。
【0011】
図1に示すように本発明の第1の実施形態である電子式内視鏡(以下内視鏡と記載)1は、細長で可撓性を有する挿入部2と、この挿入部2の後端側に連設された操作部3と、この操作部3の側部から延出するユニバーサルケーブル4とを備えて構成されている。このユニバーサルケーブル4には前記内視鏡1の外部装置である照明光を供給する光源部及び内視鏡1から送出される電気信号を信号処理する信号処理部とを有する制御装置(不図示)に接続されるコネクタ4aが設けられている。なお、前記制御装置から出力される映像信号は、モニタ(不図示)の画面上に表示されるようになっている。
【0012】
前記挿入部2は、先端側に硬性の先端部10を備え、この先端部10に隣接する後方側に湾曲可能な湾曲部11を連設し、さらにこの湾曲部11の後方に柔軟性を有する管状態の可撓管12を連設して構成されている。
【0013】
前記先端部10は、硬性部材を略円筒状に形成した先端部本体13を有しており、この先端部本体13には挿入部2の長手方向に対して平行に形成した鉗子チャンネル用透孔14及び観察用透孔15などが設けられている。
【0014】
前記鉗子チャンネル用透孔14には連結管16が内蔵されており、この連結管16の前記先端部本体13の後端面から突出する後端部に鉗子チャンネル17を形成する可撓性を有する鉗子チャンネル用チューブ18の先端部が連結されている。この鉗子チャンネル用チューブ18は、挿入部2内を挿通して操作部3内に導かれ、後端部を操作部3に設けた鉗子口19に連通されている。
【0015】
前記観察用透孔15の先端部には対物レンズ系20が配設されており、この対物レンズ系20の結像位置に固体撮像素子21が設けられている。この固体撮像素子21には入出力信号を伝送するための信号ケーブル22が接続されている。この信号ケーブル22は、挿入部2内を挿通してさらに操作部3内及びユニバーサルコード4内を経て前記コネクタ4aに設けた電気接点4bに接続されている。
【0016】
前記コネクタ4aには図示しない光源部より観察部位を照明するように出射した照明光を、内視鏡挿入部2内を挿通するライトガイド23の端部に入射させるように形成したライトガイドコネクタ24が設けられている。前記ライトガイド23は、ユニバーサルケーブル4内及び操作部3内,挿入部2内を経て、その先端部を先端部本体13に設けたライトガイド用透孔(不図示)に配設している。
【0017】
前記湾曲部11内には複数の略環状の関節駒26,…,26が互いに回動自在に挿入部2の長手方向対して連接されており、前記関節駒26,…,26のうち最先端に位置する第1関節駒26aは、先端部本体13の後端部に外嵌固定され、最後端に位置する関節駒26eは可撓管12の先端に設けらている環状の接続管27の先端部に嵌入固定されている。前記複数の関節駒26,…,26を連接した湾曲部11は、前記操作部3に設けた図示しない湾曲操作ノブを操作することによって例えば上下/左右方向に湾曲するようになっている。
【0018】
前記接続管27には、先端部本体13の後端部に固定され、且つ金属製のコイルパイプによって形成されたアングルワイヤガイド41(図2参照)が保持固定されている。このアングルワイヤガイド41の内部には前記操作部3に設けられている湾曲操作ノブを操作することによって牽引弛緩操作される撚線等で構成されたアングルワイヤ42(図2参照)が挿通している。つまり、前記湾曲操作ノブを操作することにより前記アングルワイヤ42が牽引弛緩操作されて湾曲部11を湾曲させて、この湾曲部11の前方に位置する先端部10を所望の方向に指向させるようになっている。なお、前記湾曲部11を構成する複数の関節駒26,…,26は、軟性の外皮28で被覆されている。
【0019】
前記可撓管12は内側から順に螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31で構成されている。そして、この螺旋管29の内壁面側には可撓管12の柔軟性(以下硬度と表現する)を変化させる硬度可変手段であるコイルパイプ32が長手方向に沿って設けられている。また、このコイルパイプ32内部には可撓管12の硬度を所望の硬さに調整する操作手段となる硬度調整ワイヤ33が挿通している。
【0020】
前記コイルパイプ32の先端部には、前記硬度調整ワイヤ33の中途部がろう35などの固定部材によって強固に固定されている。また、前記コイルパイプ32の先端より突出してさらに先端方向に延出した硬度調整ワイヤ33の先端部は、前記接続管27の一部にろう35などで強固に固定されている。一方、前記コイルパイプ32の手元側は後端口金36にろう35などにより強固に固定されている。
【0021】
即ち、前記硬度調整ワイヤ33は、コイルパイプ32の先端部で中途部がろう35によって固定されている以外、コイルパイプ32に対して移動可能な状態(非固定状態)になっている。
【0022】
なお、前記コイルパイプ32の手元側端部より延出していく硬度調整ワイヤ33の端部は、操作部3に設けられてる操作機構に接続されており、この操作機構を操作して硬度調整ワイヤ33を牽引することで、前記コイルパイプ32が圧縮されて、このコイルパイプ32の曲げ方向に対する剛性が上がることによって可撓管12の硬度を、負荷のかかっていない軟状態から硬度調整ワイヤ33を牽引した硬めの状態までの任意の硬さに調整することができるようになっている。
【0023】
図2の上方向は、内視鏡1のUP方向を示すものであり、内視鏡1のUP方向とは操作部3に設けられている湾曲操作ノブの上方向湾曲用ノブを操作したときに先端部10が曲がる方向である。モニター画面上では上方向(反重力方向)にあたる。図に示すように前記コイルパイプ32及び硬度調整ワイヤ33は、内視鏡1内のUP方向側に配置されている。なお、符号43は送気管路を構成する送気チューブ,符号44は送水管路を構成する送水チューブであり、どちらのチューブの先端部も前記先端部本体13に設けた送気・送水用透孔(不図示)に連通している。
【0024】
まず、上述のように構成したコイルパイプ32の可撓管12の断面方向に対する配置位置を具体的に説明する。
図3に示すように内視鏡1の可撓管12の内壁側の長手方向に沿って設けられているコイルパイプ32の先端部は、前述したように硬度調整ワイヤ33にろう35で固定されており、このコイルパイプ32の先端面から延出している調整ワイヤ33の先端部が接続管27に固定されている。一方、前記コイルパイプ32の手元側は後端口金36にろう35で固定されている。また、前記可撓管12を構成する螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31のそれぞれの先端部は、前記接続管27の後端部に一体的に強固に固定され、それぞれの後端部を後端口金36の先端部に一体的に強固に固定して管状態を形成している。
【0025】
図4に示すように前記可撓管12を構成する螺旋管29の内壁面側に配設されているコイルパイプ32の中心位置は、前記螺旋管29内を破線で示すように4分割したとき、記号Cから記号Dまでの範囲内のUP側領域、または記号Eから記号Fまでの範囲内のDOWN側領域のそれぞれ壁面側29aに配置させている。
【0026】
このため、前記螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31で構成されている管状態の可撓管12を単体で湾曲させた場合、この可撓管12の中心軸より円弧の内側に位置する部分の螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31は縮みながら湾曲し、中心軸より円弧の外側に位置する部分の螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31は伸びながら湾曲する。
【0027】
ここで例えば、前記可撓管12内部に設けられている硬度調整ワイヤ33を牽引してコイルパイプ32を圧縮させて硬状態にする。そして、この状態で前記可撓管12をUP方向に湾曲させる。すると、内視鏡1のUP側に位置する螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31の中心軸より円弧の内側に位置する部分が縮もうとするが、図4の実線で示すようにUP側領域に配置されている硬状態のコイルパイプ32によって、前記螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31の部位の縮みを抑えて湾曲していく。
【0028】
また、前記コイルパイプ32が上述とは逆に図4の二点鎖線で示すようにDOWN側に配置されている場合には、前記可撓管12のUP方向への湾曲に対して螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31の中心軸より円弧の外側に位置する部分が伸びようとするが、DOWN側領域に配置されている硬状態のコイルパイプ32によって、前記螺旋管29、網管30、外皮31の部位の伸びを抑えて湾曲していく。
【0029】
次に、上述のように構成したコイルパイプ32の可撓管12の長手方向に対する配置位置を具体的に説明する。
本実施形態に使用している内視鏡1の可撓管12は、図5に示すように硬さの異なる別体の2つの外皮31a,31bをつないで硬度変化部34aを有する可撓管12Aと、図6に示すように硬さが徐々に変化する硬度変化域34bを有する外皮31cで構成した可撓管12Bである。
【0030】
図5に示す可撓管12Aは、スコープ先端から50cm付近までを形成する柔軟な軟性外皮31aを被覆した軟性可撓部と、この50cmから手元側までを形成する柔軟であるが前記軟性外皮31aよりやや硬度の高い硬性外皮31bを被覆した硬性可撓部とで構成されている。つまり、スコープ先端からから50cm近傍の硬度変化部34aを境に、先端部側より手元部側の硬度が硬く設定されている。そして、前記可撓管12Aの内部に挿通されているコイルパイプ32の先端部を、前記可撓管基端側の最も硬い部分より先端側で、前記スコープ先端から略々30cmの硬度変化部34aより先端部10側の軟性可撓部に配設している。
【0031】
図5のグラフで示すように前記コイルパイプ32内を挿通する硬度調整ワイヤ33を牽引していない軟状態(コイルパイプ32が無負荷状態)のとき、可撓管12の硬度はグラフの実線に示すように設定されている。また、前記硬度調整ワイヤ33を最大に牽引して前記コイルパイプ32を最も圧縮させた硬状態(コイルパイプ32に最大負荷が係っている状態)のとき、可撓管12の硬度は図の破線で示すようになる。つまり、前記硬度調整ワイヤ33を適宜牽引操作することによって可撓管12の硬度は実線から破線に示す範囲内を変化する。
【0032】
なお、前記コイルパイプ32の先端部がスコープ先端から30cmの部分より先端部側に配置されていないため、このスコープ先端から30cmまでの範囲の軟性可撓部の硬さ調整は行えない。また、先端側の硬度の最も低い実線に示す部分を最軟状態部S、手元側の硬度の最も高い実線に示す部分を最硬状態部Hと呼ぶ。
【0033】
図6に示す可撓管12Bは、スコープ先端から約34cmから50cm付近までの間で硬度が徐々に最軟状態から最硬状態に変化する硬度変化域34bを備えた外皮31cで構成されている。つまり、この可撓管12Bではスコープ先端から34cm近傍までの範囲が最軟状態部Sとなる軟性可撓部であり、スコープ先端から34cmの部位から50cm付近までの間が硬度が最軟状態から最硬状態まで徐々に変化する硬度変化域34b、スコープ先端から50cmより手元側の範囲が最硬状態部Hとなる硬性可撓部となっている。そして、前記可撓管12Bの内部に挿通されているコイルパイプ32の先端部を、前記可撓管基端側の最も硬い部分縒り先端側で、前記スコープ先端から略々30cmの硬度変化域34bより先端部10側の軟性可撓部に配設している。
【0034】
図6のグラフの実線は、コイルパイプ32内を挿通する硬度調整ワイヤ33を牽引していない軟状態のときの可撓管12の硬度を示し、グラフの破線は前記硬度調整ワイヤ33を最大に牽引して前記コイルパイプ32を最も圧縮させた硬状態のときの可撓管12の硬度を示している。本内視鏡においては内視鏡先端面から34cm付近より50cm付近に設けた硬度変化域34bより先端部側の硬度を変化させることができるようになっている。なお、硬度変化域34bは、軟らかな樹脂材料の中に途中から徐々に硬い樹脂材料を混ぜ合わせる割合を増やして成形したものである。その他の構成は図5に示す可撓管12Aと同様であり、同部材には同符号を付して説明を省略する。
【0035】
上述のように構成した内視鏡1の作用を図7を参照して説明する。
まず、内視鏡1の挿入部2を例えば、同図(a)に示すように肛門51から直腸52を通して曲がりくねったS状結腸53に挿入していく。このとき、可撓管12Aは軟状態である。このため、スコープ先端から50cmぐらいまでの範囲の硬度が軟らかいので、S状結腸53の屈曲形状に対応させたループを形成しながら患者に苦痛を与えることなく挿入されていく。
【0036】
また、術者の有する挿入法によっては、S状結腸53でループをあまり形成させることなく、硬度調整ワイヤ33を操作して徐々にコイルパイプ32を圧縮して可撓管12Aを直線化させて(S状結腸53を折り畳むように短縮化しながら)挿入する挿入法を用いる場合もある。この場合には、コイルパイプ32を圧縮して可撓管12Aの硬度を術者の所望の硬さに設定することで、手元の押し引きやねじりなどの微妙な手元操作が先端に伝えられてスムーズに挿入されていく。
【0037】
次に、前記内視鏡1の先端部10がS状結腸53を越えて下行結腸54または脾湾曲55近傍に到達した所で、同図(b)に示すように前記可撓管12Aを捻りながら引くように操作して前記ループを解除し、今度はできるだけ直線に近い状態にする。このとき、前記S状結腸53は折り畳まれた状態である。また、前記可撓管12Aが軟状態であった場合には硬度調整ワイヤ33を適宜操作して所望の硬度に切り替えることで、前記先端部10を横行結腸56、肝湾曲57、上行結腸58、盲腸59に挿入していく際、手元操作が先端部10まで敏感に伝わってスムーズに挿入されていく。
【0038】
なお、患者によって横行結腸56や肝湾曲57の形状が異なることがあり、例えば横行結腸56、肝湾曲57の形状があまり複雑でない患者の場合には、手元操作を行って横行結腸56を折り畳むようにして、この横行結腸56で極力ループを作らずに肝湾曲57を通過させて、同図(c)に示すように略々直線的に先端部10を盲腸59に到達させることが可能になる。このように、横行結腸56、肝湾曲57の形状があまり複雑でない患者の場合には、可撓管12Aを所望の硬さに調整することで先端部10を速やかに盲腸まで挿入することができる。
【0039】
一方、横行結腸56が非常に長かったり、形状が複雑な患者の場合には、手元操作を行って横行結腸56を折り畳んでいくことが難しく、うまく行えないことがある。このような場合には、手元操作で横行結腸56にループを作りながら押し込んで、先端部10を腸壁に沿わせて滑らすようにして挿入していく。この挿入法では、可撓管12Aが硬状態では横行結腸56や肝湾曲57の屈曲した形状に対応できなくなって、かえって挿入性が悪化するおそれがあるので、硬度調整ワイヤ33を適宜操作して可撓管12Aを軟状態にして、同図(d)に示すように先端側の軟性可撓部を横行結腸56や肝湾曲57の形状に沿わせて押し進めて挿入していくする。
【0040】
なお、大腸への内視鏡挿入を術者が一人で行う場合、大腸の屈曲している部位を通過させる際一般的に、UP方向に湾曲をかけて通過させていく。つまり、DOWN、LEFT、RIGHT方向への湾曲をあまり使わず、UP方向への湾曲操作と可撓管12の捻り操作の手元操作とで挿入方向を定めている。従って、可撓管12もUP方向に曲がりながら、大腸の各屈曲部を通過していく。
【0041】
また、前記図5及び図6のグラフで示したようにスコープ先端から50cmの部位より手元側の硬度を、軟状態であっても前記先端面側より予め硬く設定したことにより、図7(b)に示すように、一端短縮化させたS状結腸53が再びループを形成して、手元での操作が先端部10までほとんど伝達されなくなることを防止している。
【0042】
さらに、コイルパイプ32の先端部の配設位置を、前記可撓管12のスコープ先端側近くにすることによって追従性の向上を図ることができるが、図7(c)で示した挿入法で挿入していく場合にも、挿入部を横行結腸56や肝湾曲57の屈曲に沿わせて押しながら挿入することが考えられる。このため、ループを作ることがないように、且つ屈曲に沿わせて押しながら挿入することが可能なように、あえてスコープ先端から30cmの最軟状態部Sにコイルパイプ32の先端部を配設して、スコープ先端から30cmまでの部分に最軟状態部Sを残している。
【0043】
このように、可撓管に設けられている最軟部に、コイルパイプの先端部を配設したことにより、最軟部の少なくとも一部の硬度を変化調整することができる。このことにより、内視鏡の挿入部の追従性が大幅に向上して術者の様々な挿入法に対応可能となる。また、図7(c)で示したように挿入した場合などに、仮にコイルパイプの先端部がスコープ先端から50cmの部位より手元側の位置に配設されていたことにより、スコープ先端から50cmまでのところにある最軟状態部Sの硬度を変えることができずに発生していた手元操作が先端部まで伝わらないという不具合が解消される。
【0044】
また、コイルパイプを可撓管を構成する螺旋管のUP側領域またはDOWN側領域の内壁側の長手方向に沿わせて設けたことにより、より少ない硬度調整ワイヤの牽引力量または移動距離を短くして所望の曲げ硬度を得ることができる。即ち、本来コイルパイプ単体が有する硬度可変機能に加えて、内壁側に沿わせて設けたことにより、可撓管のUP方向、DOWN方向に対する曲げ剛性が増大して、可撓管の硬度を負荷を大きくかけることなく硬めに設定することができる。このことにより、コイルパイプ単体の硬度調節幅をあまり大きくとる必要がなくなると共に、コイルパイプ及び硬度調整ワイヤにかける負荷が小さくなって、コイルパイプ、硬度調整ワイヤの耐久性が向上する。
【0045】
さらに、コイルパイプの先端部の配設位置を硬度変化部または硬度変化域より先端部側にしたことにより、硬度変化部または硬度変化域で硬度が急激に変化することによって発生する可撓管の急激な曲がりを防止することができる。このことにより、可撓管がスムーズな曲げ形状となって体腔内に挿入される。
【0046】
なお、硬度可変手段と操作手段とは、コイルとワイヤとに限定されるものではなく、形状記憶合金や細長形状のバルーンを用いたものなどであってもよい。
【0047】
図8及び図9は本発明の第2実施形態に係り、図8は複数の硬度変化域を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図、図9は硬度変化域の距離を長く設定した可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図である。
【0048】
本実施形態では可撓管の最軟状態部Sから最硬状態部Hに変わるまでの長手方向の距離を長く設定して硬度変化域近傍における可撓管の急激な曲がりを防止するものであり、図8は最軟状態部Sから最硬状態部Hに変わるまでの間に最軟状態部Sと最硬状態部Hとの略中間の硬さ状態である中間硬さ状態部Mに変化させる第1の硬度変化域61と、中間硬さ状態部Mから最硬状態部Hに変化させる第2の硬度変化域62とを設けた外皮31dを設けて、可撓管12Cの硬度を段階的に変化させるようにしている。そして、前記可撓管12Cの内部にはコイルパイプ32が挿通されており、このコイルパイプ32の先端部を、前記可撓管基端側の最も硬い部分より先端側で、前記スコープ先端から40cmの中間硬さ状態部Mに配設して中間硬さ状態部Mの硬度を変化させられるようにしている。
【0049】
一方、図9は最軟状態部Sから最硬状態部Hに至るまでの長手方向の距離を略45cmと長めに設定した幅広硬度変化域63を有する外皮31eを設けて、可撓管12Dの硬度を無段階的に変化させるようにしている。そして、前記可撓管12Dの内部にはコイルパイプ32が挿通されており、このコイルパイプ32の先端部を、前記可撓管基端側の最も硬い部分より先端側で、前記スコープ先端から30cmの幅広硬度変化域63の中途部に配設して幅広硬度変化域63の先端側の硬度を変化させられるようにしている。
【0050】
なお、可撓管12Cを、3つの硬度の異なる別体の外皮を、軟らかいものから順に先端部側から並べて構成しても硬度を段階的に変化させることが可能である。また、図8に示す可撓管12Cと図9に示す可撓管12Dとではコイルパイプ32の先端部の配設位置が多少異なるが、これは術者の挿入法や挿入技術の違い等に対応するものであり、各術者の好みに対応させた1例を示すものである。
【0051】
このように、可撓管に複数の硬度変化域または幅広硬度変化域をもうけることによって可撓管の最軟状態部から最硬状態部に変わるまでの長手方向の距離を長く設定することによって、可撓管がループ状態になるとき、よりスムーズな曲がり形状を形成することができる。このことにより、内視鏡を挿入する際、より良好な挿入性が得られる。
【0052】
図10は本発明の第2実施形態の変形例に係る硬度変化部と硬度変化域とを有する可撓管を備える内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図である。
図に示すように本実施形態の可撓管12Eは、硬度変化部64と硬度変化域65とを設けて硬度を段階的に変化させている。
【0053】
前記硬度変化部64は、可撓管12Eの内部にコイルパイプ32aを配設して設けたものである。即ち、前記コイルパイプ32a自体は、上述のコイルパイプ32より例えば素線断面積を太径に形成したものであり、予め硬度を高めに設定したものである。このため、可撓管12Eの先端側の最軟状態部Sから中間硬さ状態部Mへの移行を、可撓管12を構成する外皮31の硬さに変化をつけることで行うのではなく、可撓管12内に配設する内蔵物で硬さに変化をつけている。
【0054】
このように、可撓管内を挿通する内蔵物によって可撓管の硬度に変化を付けることによって、容易に複数の硬度の異なる硬度変化部を設けることができる。このことにより、硬度の異なる複数の別体の外皮を用意することなく、可撓管の硬度を段階的に変化させられるので、外皮の数を減らせると共に、製造行程も簡略化される。
【0055】
なお、前記図8で示したように成形の際に外皮に2箇所の硬度変化域を設ける場合、最軟状態部と最硬状態部との間の硬さの差が大きいほど段階的に硬度を変化させることが難しくなるので、図10に示したようにどちらか一方の硬度変化域を内蔵物を設けることによって変化させることで、容易に段階的な硬度の変化が実現される。また、前記可撓管の硬度を変化させる内蔵物としてはコイルパイプに限定されるものではなく、例えば送気チューブや送水チューブなどの内蔵物であってもよく、これらチューブの肉厚を変化させることによっても行える。
【0056】
図11は本発明の前記第1実施形態及び第2実施形態の変形例に係る2つの硬度変化域を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図である。
図に示すように本実施形態では可撓管12Fに前方側硬度変化域66と後方側硬度変化域67とを設けている。前記前方側硬度変化域66は、最軟状態部Sから最硬状態部Hに変化させるものであるのに対して、前記後方側硬度変化域67は最硬状態部Hを軟らかな手元軟部68に変化させるものである。
【0057】
このように、可撓管の手元側に最硬状態部を軟らかに変化させる後方側硬度変化域によって手元軟部を設けることによって、軟状態でS状結腸に挿入する際、操作部を極力捻ることなく可撓管を捻り操作することにより、軟らかな手元軟部が撓んで可撓管の捻れを吸収して、捻り力量を下げることができる。このことにより、可撓管の捻り操作性が向上する。
【0058】
なお、大腸の深部まで挿入した際、最硬状態部Hより手元側に位置する手元軟部68まで挿入されて、この手元軟部68が撓むおそれがある。しかし、この手元軟部68にはコイルパイプ32が挿通されているので、このコイルパイプ32の剛性を高めることによって手元軟部68の軟らかさを補って、手元軟部68がが生体内で撓むことが防止される。
【0059】
なお、本発明は、以上述べた実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形実施可能である。
【0060】
[付記]
以上詳述したような本発明の上記実施形態によれば、以下の如き構成を得ることができる。
【0061】
(1)挿入部長手方向の先端側に対して基端側の硬度を硬めに形成した柔軟性を有する可撓管と、この可撓管の内部に長手軸方向に沿わせて設けた柔軟性を変化させる硬度可変手段と、この硬度可変手段の硬度を調整して可撓管を任意の硬度に変化させる操作手段とを有する内視鏡において、
前記硬度可変手段の先端部を前記可撓管の基端側の最も硬い部分より先端側に配設し、この可撓管の先端側の少なくとも一部を硬度可変にした内視鏡。
【0062】
(2)前記可撓管が先端側の軟性可撓部と手元側の硬性可撓部とで構成され、前記硬度可変手段の先端部を前記可撓管の基端側の最も硬い部分より先端側の可撓管の軟性可撓部に配設して、この軟性可撓部の少なくとも一部を硬度可変にした内視鏡。
【0063】
(3)前記可撓管の硬度が切換る硬度変化部と、前記硬度可変手段によって硬度が硬くなる位置とが異なる内視鏡。
【0064】
(4)前記硬度可変手段を、可撓管の垂直断面内において、UP方向またはDOWN方向の可撓管内壁側に長手方向に沿わせて設けた内視鏡。
【0065】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、可撓管の柔軟性を重視する一方で、可撓管内に設けられている硬度可変手段の機能を最大限に活用して、手元操作を先端部に伝えて良好な追従性を得られる内視鏡を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1ないし図7は本発明の第1実施形態に係り、図1は
電子式内視鏡の概略構成を示す説明図
【図2】図1のA−A断面図
【図3】コイルパイプの可撓管内での配置位置を説明する模式図
【図4】図3のB―B断面図
【図5】硬度変化部を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図
【図6】硬度変化域を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図
【図7】内視鏡を経肛門的に挿入しているときの挿入状態を示す図
【図8】図8及び図9は本発明の第2実施形態に係り、図8は
複数の硬度変化域を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図
【図9】硬度変化域の距離を長く設定した可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図
【図10】本発明の第2実施形態の変形例に係る硬度変化部と硬度変化域とを有する可撓管を備える内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図
【図11】本発明の前記第1実施形態及び第2実施形態の変形例に係る2つの硬度変化域を有する可撓管を備えた内視鏡のスコープ先端からの距離と硬度との関係を示す図
【符号の説明】
10…先端部
12A…可撓管
32…コイルパイプ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an endoscope capable of adjusting the hardness of the distal end side of a flexible tube constituting an insertion portion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, an endoscope capable of observing a site to be examined in a body cavity without inserting an incision by inserting an elongated insertion portion into the body cavity or performing a therapeutic treatment using a treatment tool as necessary. Became widely used.
[0003]
The insertion portion of the endoscope has flexibility so that it can be inserted into a bent insertion path. However, by providing flexibility, the insertion portion on the distal end side with respect to the operation on the proximal side of the insertion portion is provided. There was a problem that the directionality was not fixed and it was difficult to smoothly insert the target part.
[0004]
In order to cope with this problem, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-43802 has a hardness variable means (or flexible variable means) composed of a coil pipe and a wire inside an endoscope, and is used for endoscopy. An endoscope is disclosed that makes it easy to insert into a bent path by adjusting the flexibility of the insertion section by a simple operation performed by a surgeon.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the flexibility of the flexible tube is changed in advance between the distal end portion and the proximal portion. For example, the flexibility of the proximal portion of the flexible tube is set to be harder than the distal end portion. However, it is possible to further increase the hardness of the hand side portion that is set to be harder in advance, but it is not possible to adjust the hardness of the more flexible portion on the tip side to be harder than that. There wasn't. For this reason, since the highly flexible distal end portion remains in a soft state, for example, when the anus is inserted through the rectum and sigmoid colon to the deep part of the descending, transverse colon, and ascending colon for observation. There is a problem that the operator's hand operation is not sufficiently transmitted to the distal end, and satisfactory followability cannot be obtained, so that the intended operation cannot be performed and the target site cannot be smoothly inserted.
[0006]
In addition, when the tip of the hardness varying means is disposed at substantially the same position as the hardness varying portion where the hardness of the flexible tube changes, the hardness varying portion of the flexible tube when the hardness varying means is in a hard state. In addition to the hardness of the hardness, the hardness changing means becomes harder, so that the hardness of the hardness changing portion becomes sharper than the flexibility on the tip side of the hardness changing portion, so that the flexible tube has a smooth shape. There is a risk that it will bend in the vicinity of this hardness change portion and bend in the good insertion property without bending.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and attaches importance to the flexibility of the flexible tube, while making full use of the function of the hardness varying means provided in the flexible tube to perform hand operation. An object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope that can be transmitted to the distal end portion to obtain good followability.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An endoscope according to the present invention , By the outer skin constituting the outer layer part, A flexible tube having flexibility formed in a predetermined range from the tip as a soft flexible portion having the lowest hardness, a hardness variable region in the longitudinal direction, and the tip of the hardness variable region in the soft flexible portion; A hardness varying means disposed at a position spaced apart from the tip of the flexible tube by a predetermined length and provided along the flexible tube; ,in front The base end side of the predetermined length with respect to the hardness of the predetermined length of the soft flexible portion In the hardness varying means And operating means for changing the hardness.
Moreover, the endoscope according to the present invention includes By the outer skin that constitutes the outer layer part, Soft flexible part with the lowest hardness within a predetermined range from the tip , Group Hard flexible part with the highest hardness within a predetermined range from the end ,as well as A flexible tube having flexibility, in which a hardness changing portion in which the hardness is changed from the lowest value to the highest value is formed between the soft flexible portion and the hard flexible portion, and a hardness variable region in the longitudinal direction. A hardness varying means provided along the flexible tube, the distal end of the hardness varying region being disposed in the hardness changing portion and at a position spaced apart from the distal end of the flexible tube by a predetermined length; ,in front The base end side of the predetermined length with respect to the predetermined length of hardness from the soft flexible portion to the hardness changing portion In the hardness varying means And operating means for changing the hardness.
[0009]
According to this configuration, by changing the hardness of the hardness variable means arranged in the portion where the followability on the distal end side of the flexible tube is poor, the followability of the distal end portion of the flexible tube is compensated and inserted. A good endoscope is realized.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 to 7 relate to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of an electronic endoscope, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a distance and hardness from the scope tip of an endoscope having a flexible tube having a hardness changing portion. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope tip of the endoscope having a flexible tube having a hardness change range and the hardness, and FIG. 7 is a transanal view of the endoscope transanally. It is a figure which shows the insertion state when inserting.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, an electronic endoscope (hereinafter referred to as an endoscope) 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes an elongated and flexible insertion portion 2 and a rear portion of the insertion portion 2. The operation unit 3 is connected to the end side, and the universal cable 4 extends from the side of the operation unit 3. The universal cable 4 includes a control device (not shown) having a light source unit that supplies illumination light, which is an external device of the endoscope 1, and a signal processing unit that processes an electric signal transmitted from the endoscope 1. The connector 4a connected to is provided. The video signal output from the control device is displayed on the screen of a monitor (not shown).
[0012]
The insertion portion 2 includes a hard distal end portion 10 on the distal end side, and a bending portion 11 that can be bent is connected to the rear side adjacent to the distal end portion 10. Further, the insertion portion 2 has flexibility behind the bending portion 11. A tube-like flexible tube 12 is continuously provided.
[0013]
The distal end portion 10 has a distal end portion main body 13 in which a rigid member is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape. The distal end portion main body 13 has a forceps channel through-hole formed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 2. 14 and an observation through-hole 15 are provided.
[0014]
The forceps channel through-hole 14 incorporates a connecting tube 16, and a flexible forceps that forms a forceps channel 17 at a rear end portion of the connecting tube 16 protruding from the rear end surface of the tip end body 13. The tip of the channel tube 18 is connected. The forceps channel tube 18 is inserted into the insertion portion 2 and guided into the operation portion 3, and the rear end portion is communicated with a forceps port 19 provided in the operation portion 3.
[0015]
An objective lens system 20 is disposed at the distal end portion of the observation through-hole 15, and a solid-state image sensor 21 is provided at the imaging position of the objective lens system 20. A signal cable 22 for transmitting input / output signals is connected to the solid-state imaging device 21. The signal cable 22 is inserted into the insertion portion 2 and further connected to the electrical contact 4b provided on the connector 4a through the operation portion 3 and the universal cord 4.
[0016]
A light guide connector 24 is formed on the connector 4a so that illumination light emitted so as to illuminate an observation site from a light source (not shown) is incident on an end of a light guide 23 inserted through the endoscope insertion portion 2. Is provided. The light guide 23 is disposed in the light guide through hole (not shown) provided in the distal end body 13 through the universal cable 4, the operation section 3, and the insertion section 2.
[0017]
A plurality of substantially annular joint pieces 26,..., 26 are connected to the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 2 so as to be rotatable with respect to each other, and the most advanced of the joint pieces 26,. The first joint piece 26 a located at the outer end is fitted and fixed to the rear end portion of the distal end body 13, and the joint piece 26 e located at the rearmost end of the annular connecting tube 27 provided at the distal end of the flexible tube 12. It is fitted and fixed to the tip. The bending portion 11 connecting the plurality of joint pieces 26,..., 26 is bent in, for example, the up / down / left / right directions by operating a bending operation knob (not shown) provided in the operation portion 3.
[0018]
An angle wire guide 41 (see FIG. 2) fixed to the rear end portion of the tip end body 13 and formed of a metal coil pipe is held and fixed to the connection pipe 27. Inside the angle wire guide 41, an angle wire 42 (see FIG. 2) composed of a stranded wire or the like that is pulled and loosened by operating a bending operation knob provided in the operation unit 3 is inserted. Yes. That is, by operating the bending operation knob, the angle wire 42 is pulled and loosened to bend the bending portion 11 so that the distal end portion 10 located in front of the bending portion 11 is directed in a desired direction. It has become. The plurality of joint pieces 26,..., 26 constituting the bending portion 11 are covered with a soft outer skin 28.
[0019]
The flexible tube 12 includes a spiral tube 29, a mesh tube 30, and an outer skin 31 in order from the inside. On the inner wall surface side of the spiral tube 29, a coil pipe 32, which is a hardness varying means for changing the flexibility (hereinafter referred to as hardness) of the flexible tube 12, is provided along the longitudinal direction. Further, a hardness adjusting wire 33 serving as an operating means for adjusting the hardness of the flexible tube 12 to a desired hardness is inserted into the coil pipe 32.
[0020]
A middle portion of the hardness adjusting wire 33 is firmly fixed to the tip end portion of the coil pipe 32 by a fixing member such as a brazing filler 35. Further, the tip end portion of the hardness adjusting wire 33 protruding from the tip end of the coil pipe 32 and extending further in the tip end direction is firmly fixed to a part of the connecting pipe 27 with a braze 35 or the like. On the other hand, the proximal side of the coil pipe 32 is firmly fixed to the rear end cap 36 by a braze 35 or the like.
[0021]
That is, the hardness adjusting wire 33 is in a movable state (non-fixed state) with respect to the coil pipe 32 except that the middle portion is fixed by the wax 35 at the tip end portion of the coil pipe 32.
[0022]
Note that the end of the hardness adjusting wire 33 extending from the proximal end of the coil pipe 32 is connected to an operating mechanism provided in the operating section 3, and the hardness adjusting wire is operated by operating this operating mechanism. By pulling the wire 33, the coil pipe 32 is compressed and the rigidity of the coil pipe 32 in the bending direction is increased, so that the hardness of the flexible tube 12 is reduced from the soft state where no load is applied. It can be adjusted to an arbitrary hardness up to the pulled hard state.
[0023]
2 indicates the UP direction of the endoscope 1, and the UP direction of the endoscope 1 is when the upward bending knob provided in the operation unit 3 is operated. This is the direction in which the tip 10 is bent. It corresponds to the upward direction (antigravity direction) on the monitor screen. As shown in the figure, the coil pipe 32 and the hardness adjusting wire 33 are arranged on the UP direction side in the endoscope 1. Reference numeral 43 denotes an air supply tube constituting the air supply conduit, and reference numeral 44 denotes a water supply tube constituting the water supply conduit, and the distal end portion of either tube is an air / water supply permeation provided in the distal end portion main body 13. It communicates with a hole (not shown).
[0024]
First, the arrangement position of the coil pipe 32 configured as described above in the cross-sectional direction of the flexible tube 12 will be specifically described.
As shown in FIG. 3, the distal end portion of the coil pipe 32 provided along the longitudinal direction on the inner wall side of the flexible tube 12 of the endoscope 1 is fixed to the hardness adjusting wire 33 with the wax 35 as described above. The tip of the adjustment wire 33 extending from the tip surface of the coil pipe 32 is fixed to the connection pipe 27. On the other hand, the proximal side of the coil pipe 32 is fixed to the rear end cap 36 with a wax 35. The distal ends of the spiral tube 29, the mesh tube 30, and the outer skin 31 constituting the flexible tube 12 are firmly and integrally fixed to the rear end portion of the connection tube 27, and the rear end portions are connected to the rear end portion. A tube state is formed by firmly and integrally fixing to the distal end portion of the end cap 36.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 4, the center position of the coil pipe 32 arranged on the inner wall surface side of the spiral tube 29 constituting the flexible tube 12 is divided into four as shown by the broken line in the spiral tube 29. The UP side region in the range from the symbol C to the symbol D, or the DOWN side region in the range from the symbol E to the symbol F, respectively, is arranged on the wall surface side 29a.
[0026]
For this reason, when the flexible tube 12 in a tube state constituted by the spiral tube 29, the mesh tube 30, and the outer skin 31 is bent alone, the portion of the portion located inside the arc from the central axis of the flexible tube 12 The spiral tube 29, the mesh tube 30, and the outer skin 31 are curved while contracting, and the spiral tube 29, the mesh tube 30, and the outer skin 31 that are located outside the arc from the central axis are curved while extending.
[0027]
Here, for example, the hardness adjusting wire 33 provided inside the flexible tube 12 is pulled to compress the coil pipe 32 to be in a hard state. In this state, the flexible tube 12 is bent in the UP direction. Then, the spiral tube 29, the mesh tube 30, and the portion located inside the arc from the central axis of the outer skin 31 of the endoscope 1 try to shrink, but as shown by the solid line in FIG. The coiled pipe 32 in a hard state disposed in the curved line is curved while suppressing contraction of the helical tube 29, the mesh tube 30, and the outer skin 31.
[0028]
When the coil pipe 32 is disposed on the DOWN side as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 4 contrary to the above, the spiral tube 29 against the bending of the flexible tube 12 in the UP direction. The portion located outside the arc from the central axis of the mesh tube 30 and the outer skin 31 tends to extend, but the helical tube 29, the mesh tube 30 and the outer skin 31 are arranged by a hard coil pipe 32 arranged in the DOWN side region. It curbs while suppressing the growth of the part.
[0029]
Next, the arrangement position of the coil pipe 32 configured as described above in the longitudinal direction of the flexible tube 12 will be specifically described.
As shown in FIG. 5, the flexible tube 12 of the endoscope 1 used in this embodiment is a flexible tube having two hardnesses 34a connected by connecting two outer skins 31a and 31b having different hardnesses. 12A and a flexible tube 12B constituted by an outer skin 31c having a hardness change region 34b in which the hardness gradually changes as shown in FIG.
[0030]
A flexible tube 12A shown in FIG. 5 is a soft flexible portion covering a soft soft skin 31a that forms a portion up to 50 cm from the distal end of the scope, and a soft portion that covers from the 50 cm to the hand side, but the soft skin 31a. It is comprised by the hard flexible part which coat | covered the hard outer skin 31b with a somewhat higher hardness. That is, the hardness on the proximal side is set to be harder than the distal side on the boundary of the hardness changing portion 34a near 50 cm from the distal end of the scope. The distal end portion of the coil pipe 32 inserted into the flexible tube 12A is closer to the distal end side than the hardest portion on the proximal end side of the flexible tube, and the hardness changing portion 34a is approximately 30 cm from the distal end of the scope. Further, it is disposed in the soft flexible part on the tip part 10 side.
[0031]
As shown in the graph of FIG. 5, when the hardness adjusting wire 33 inserted through the coil pipe 32 is not pulled, the hardness of the flexible tube 12 is shown by a solid line in the graph. It is set as shown. Further, when the hardness adjustment wire 33 is pulled to the maximum and the coil pipe 32 is most compressed (the coil pipe 32 has a maximum load), the flexibility of the flexible tube 12 is as shown in the figure. As shown by the broken line. That is, by appropriately pulling the hardness adjusting wire 33, the hardness of the flexible tube 12 changes from the solid line to the broken line.
[0032]
Since the tip of the coil pipe 32 is not disposed on the tip side from the portion 30 cm from the scope tip, the hardness of the flexible flexible portion in the range of 30 cm from the tip of the scope cannot be adjusted. Further, the portion indicated by the solid line having the lowest hardness on the tip side is referred to as the softest state portion S, and the portion indicated by the solid line having the highest hardness on the hand side is referred to as the hardest state portion H.
[0033]
The flexible tube 12B shown in FIG. 6 includes an outer skin 31c having a hardness change region 34b in which the hardness gradually changes from the softest state to the hardest state between about 34 cm and about 50 cm from the scope tip. . That is, in this flexible tube 12B, the range from the scope tip to the vicinity of 34 cm is the soft flexible portion that is the softest state portion S, and the hardness is from the softest state between the portion 34 cm from the scope tip to the vicinity of 50 cm. A hardness change region 34b that gradually changes to the hardest state, and a rigid flexible portion in which the range from the distal end of the scope to 50 cm from the distal end of the scope becomes the hardest state portion H. Then, the distal end portion of the coil pipe 32 inserted into the flexible tube 12B is the hardest part turning distal end side on the proximal end side of the flexible tube, and a hardness change region 34b approximately 30 cm from the distal end of the scope. Further, it is disposed in the soft flexible part on the tip part 10 side.
[0034]
The solid line in the graph of FIG. 6 shows the hardness of the flexible tube 12 when the hardness adjusting wire 33 inserted through the coil pipe 32 is not pulled, and the broken line in the graph maximizes the hardness adjusting wire 33. The hardness of the flexible tube 12 in the hard state in which the coil pipe 32 is most compressed by being pulled is shown. In the present endoscope, the hardness on the distal end side can be changed from the hardness change region 34b provided from about 34 cm to about 50 cm from the distal end surface of the endoscope. The hardness change region 34b is formed by increasing the proportion of the soft resin material mixed with the hard resin material gradually from the middle. Other configurations are the same as those of the flexible tube 12A shown in FIG. 5, and the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.
[0035]
The operation of the endoscope 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the insertion portion 2 of the endoscope 1 is inserted into the sigmoid colon 53 that winds from the anus 51 through the rectum 52 as shown in FIG. At this time, the flexible tube 12A is in a soft state. For this reason, since the hardness in the range from the distal end of the scope to about 50 cm is soft, it is inserted without causing pain to the patient while forming a loop corresponding to the bent shape of the sigmoid colon 53.
[0036]
Further, depending on the insertion method that the operator has, the flexible pipe 12A is linearized by operating the hardness adjusting wire 33 and gradually compressing the coil pipe 32 without forming too many loops in the sigmoid colon 53. An insertion method of insertion (while shortening the sigmoid colon 53 to be folded) may be used. In this case, by compressing the coil pipe 32 and setting the hardness of the flexible tube 12A to a level desired by the operator, a delicate hand operation such as pushing and pulling at hand or twisting is transmitted to the tip. It will be inserted smoothly.
[0037]
Next, when the distal end portion 10 of the endoscope 1 reaches the vicinity of the descending colon 54 or the splenic curve 55 beyond the sigmoid colon 53, the flexible tube 12A is twisted as shown in FIG. The loop is released by operating while pulling while making it as close to a straight line as possible. At this time, the sigmoid colon 53 is in a folded state. In addition, when the flexible tube 12A is in a soft state, the distal end portion 10 can be switched to a desired hardness by appropriately operating the hardness adjusting wire 33 so that the distal end portion 10 is moved to the transverse colon 56, the liver curve 57, the ascending colon 58, When inserting into the cecum 59, the hand operation is transmitted to the tip 10 in a sensitive manner and inserted smoothly.
[0038]
Note that the shape of the transverse colon 56 and the liver curvature 57 may differ depending on the patient. For example, in the case of a patient whose shape of the transverse colon 56 and the liver curvature 57 is not so complicated, the transverse colon 56 is folded by performing a hand operation. Thus, it is possible to cause the distal end portion 10 to reach the cecum 59 substantially linearly as shown in FIG. 3C by passing through the liver curve 57 without making a loop as much as possible in the transverse colon 56. . Thus, in the case of a patient whose shapes of the transverse colon 56 and the liver curve 57 are not so complicated, the distal end portion 10 can be quickly inserted into the cecum by adjusting the flexible tube 12A to a desired hardness. .
[0039]
On the other hand, in the case of a patient whose transverse colon 56 is very long or complicated in shape, it is difficult to perform the hand operation to fold the transverse colon 56 and it may not be performed well. In such a case, it is pushed by making a loop in the transverse colon 56 by hand operation, and the distal end portion 10 is inserted so as to slide along the intestinal wall. In this insertion method, when the flexible tube 12A is in a hard state, it becomes impossible to correspond to the bent shape of the transverse colon 56 or the liver curve 57, and the insertion property may be deteriorated. Therefore, the hardness adjusting wire 33 is appropriately operated. The flexible tube 12A is softened, and the soft flexible portion on the distal end side is pushed along the shape of the transverse colon 56 and the liver curve 57 and inserted as shown in FIG.
[0040]
In addition, when an operator inserts an endoscope into the large intestine alone, when passing through a bent portion of the large intestine, generally the curved portion is passed in the UP direction. That is, the insertion direction is determined by the bending operation in the UP direction and the hand operation of the twisting operation of the flexible tube 12 without using the bending in the DOWN, LEFT, and RIGHT directions. Therefore, the flexible tube 12 also passes through each bent portion of the large intestine while bending in the UP direction.
[0041]
Further, as shown in the graphs of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the hardness on the proximal side from the portion 50 cm from the distal end of the scope is set to be harder than the distal end surface side even in the soft state. ), The sigmoid colon 53 shortened at one end forms a loop again to prevent the operation at hand from being almost transmitted to the distal end portion 10.
[0042]
Furthermore, the followability can be improved by placing the distal end portion of the coil pipe 32 near the scope distal end side of the flexible tube 12, but the insertion method shown in FIG. Even in the case of insertion, it is conceivable that the insertion portion is inserted while being pushed along the bending of the transverse colon 56 or the liver curvature 57. For this reason, the tip of the coil pipe 32 is intentionally arranged in the softest state portion S 30 cm from the tip of the scope so as not to make a loop and to be able to insert it while pushing along the bend. Thus, the softest state portion S is left in a portion from the distal end of the scope to 30 cm.
[0043]
Thus, by arranging the tip of the coil pipe in the softest part provided in the flexible tube, it is possible to change and adjust the hardness of at least a part of the softest part. As a result, the followability of the insertion portion of the endoscope is greatly improved, and it is possible to cope with various insertion methods of the surgeon. In addition, when the coil pipe is inserted as shown in FIG. 7 (c), the tip of the coil pipe is arranged at a position closer to the hand than the part 50 cm from the scope tip. However, the problem that the hand operation that has occurred without being able to change the hardness of the softest state portion S at that point is not transmitted to the tip portion is solved.
[0044]
In addition, the coil pipe is provided along the longitudinal direction of the inner wall side of the UP side region or the DOWN side region of the spiral tube constituting the flexible tube, thereby reducing the traction force amount or the moving distance of the less hardness adjusting wire. Thus, a desired bending hardness can be obtained. That is, in addition to the hardness variable function that the coil pipe itself originally has, it is provided along the inner wall side, so that the bending rigidity of the flexible pipe in the UP direction and DOWN direction increases, and the hardness of the flexible pipe is loaded. It can be set to be stiff without applying a large amount. Accordingly, it is not necessary to make the hardness adjustment width of the coil pipe alone so large, the load applied to the coil pipe and the hardness adjustment wire is reduced, and the durability of the coil pipe and the hardness adjustment wire is improved.
[0045]
Furthermore, by arranging the tip end portion of the coil pipe closer to the tip end side than the hardness change portion or the hardness change region, the flexible pipe generated by the sudden change of the hardness in the hardness change portion or the hardness change region. A sudden bend can be prevented. As a result, the flexible tube is inserted into the body cavity in a smooth bending shape.
[0046]
The hardness varying means and the operating means are not limited to coils and wires, and may be those using a shape memory alloy or an elongated balloon.
[0047]
FIGS. 8 and 9 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope tip of the endoscope having a flexible tube having a plurality of hardness change regions and the hardness, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope distal end and the hardness of an endoscope having a flexible tube in which the distance in the hardness change region is set long.
[0048]
In the present embodiment, the distance in the longitudinal direction from the softest state portion S of the flexible tube to the hardest state portion H is set to be long so as to prevent the bending of the flexible tube in the vicinity of the hardness change region. FIG. 8 changes from the softest state portion S to the hardest state portion H until the intermediate hardness state portion M, which is a substantially intermediate hardness state between the softest state portion S and the hardest state portion H. The outer skin 31d provided with the first hardness change region 61 to be changed and the second hardness change region 62 to be changed from the intermediate hardness state portion M to the hardest state portion H is provided, and the hardness of the flexible tube 12C is stepped. To change it. A coil pipe 32 is inserted into the flexible tube 12C, and the distal end portion of the coil pipe 32 is 40 cm from the distal end of the scope, on the distal end side than the hardest portion on the proximal end side of the flexible tube. The intermediate hardness state portion M is arranged so that the hardness of the intermediate hardness state portion M can be changed.
[0049]
On the other hand, FIG. 9 is provided with an outer skin 31e having a wide hardness change region 63 in which the distance in the longitudinal direction from the softest state portion S to the hardest state portion H is set to be approximately 45 cm, and the flexible tube 12D is provided. The hardness is changed steplessly. A coil pipe 32 is inserted into the flexible tube 12D, and the distal end portion of the coil pipe 32 is 30 cm from the distal end of the scope on the distal end side than the hardest portion on the proximal end side of the flexible tube. It is arranged in the middle of the wide hardness change region 63 so that the hardness on the tip side of the wide hardness change region 63 can be changed.
[0050]
Note that it is possible to change the hardness stepwise even if the flexible tube 12C is constructed by arranging three separate outer shells having different hardnesses in order from the distal end side in order from the softest one. Further, the flexible tube 12C shown in FIG. 8 and the flexible tube 12D shown in FIG. 9 are slightly different in the arrangement position of the distal end portion of the coil pipe 32. This is due to differences in the operator's insertion method and insertion technique. An example corresponding to each surgeon's preference is shown.
[0051]
Thus, by setting a long distance in the longitudinal direction until changing from the softest state portion of the flexible tube to the hardest state portion by providing a plurality of hardness change regions or wide hardness change regions in the flexible tube, When the flexible tube is looped, a smoother bent shape can be formed. This makes it possible to obtain better insertability when inserting the endoscope.
[0052]
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope distal end and the hardness of an endoscope including a flexible tube having a hardness change portion and a hardness change region according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the flexible tube 12E of the present embodiment is provided with a hardness change portion 64 and a hardness change region 65 to change the hardness stepwise.
[0053]
The hardness changing portion 64 is provided by providing a coil pipe 32a inside the flexible tube 12E. That is, the coil pipe 32a itself has, for example, a larger wire cross-sectional area than the above-described coil pipe 32, and has a higher hardness set in advance. For this reason, the transition from the softest state portion S on the distal end side of the flexible tube 12E to the intermediate hardness state portion M is not performed by changing the hardness of the outer skin 31 constituting the flexible tube 12. The hardness is changed by a built-in object disposed in the flexible tube 12.
[0054]
As described above, by changing the hardness of the flexible tube by the built-in object inserted through the flexible tube, a plurality of hardness changing portions having different hardnesses can be easily provided. As a result, the hardness of the flexible tube can be changed stepwise without preparing a plurality of separate skins with different hardnesses, so that the number of skins can be reduced and the manufacturing process is simplified.
[0055]
As shown in FIG. 8, when two hardness change regions are provided in the outer shell during molding, the hardness is gradually increased as the difference in hardness between the softest state portion and the hardest state portion increases. Since it is difficult to change the hardness, it is possible to easily realize a gradual change in hardness by changing one of the hardness change areas by providing a built-in object as shown in FIG. Further, the built-in material for changing the hardness of the flexible tube is not limited to the coil pipe, and may be a built-in material such as an air supply tube or a water supply tube. The thickness of these tubes is changed. It can also be done.
[0056]
FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the distance from the scope tip and the hardness of an endoscope having a flexible tube having two hardness change regions according to a modification of the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the flexible tube 12F is provided with a front side hardness change region 66 and a rear side hardness change region 67. The front-side hardness change region 66 changes the softest state portion S to the hardest state portion H, while the rear-side hardness change region 67 changes the hardest state portion H to a soft hand soft portion 68. To change.
[0057]
In this way, by providing the proximal soft part by the posterior-side hardness change region that softly changes the hardest state part on the proximal side of the flexible tube, the operation part is twisted as much as possible when inserted into the sigmoid colon in the soft state. If the flexible tube is twisted, the soft hand soft part bends and absorbs the twist of the flexible tube, thereby reducing the amount of twisting force. This improves the twisting operability of the flexible tube.
[0058]
In addition, when inserted to the deep part of the large intestine, the hand soft part 68 located on the hand side from the hardest state part H may be inserted and the hand soft part 68 may bend. However, since the coil pipe 32 is inserted into the hand soft part 68, the softness of the hand soft part 68 is compensated by increasing the rigidity of the coil pipe 32, and the hand soft part 68 bends in vivo. Is prevented.
[0059]
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
[0060]
[Appendix]
According to the embodiment of the present invention as described above in detail, the following configuration can be obtained.
[0061]
(1) A flexible tube having flexibility in which the hardness on the base end side is made harder than the distal end side in the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion, and the flexibility provided along the longitudinal axis inside the flexible tube In an endoscope having a hardness variable means for changing the hardness, and an operation means for adjusting the hardness of the hardness variable means to change the flexible tube to an arbitrary hardness,
An endoscope in which the distal end portion of the hardness varying means is disposed on the distal end side from the hardest portion on the proximal end side of the flexible tube, and at least a part of the distal end side of the flexible tube is variable in hardness.
[0062]
(2) The flexible tube is composed of a soft flexible portion on the distal end side and a hard flexible portion on the proximal side, and the distal end portion of the hardness varying means is distal to the hardest portion on the proximal end side of the flexible tube. An endoscope which is disposed in a soft flexible part of a flexible tube on the side and at least a part of the soft flexible part has variable hardness.
[0063]
(3) An endoscope in which the hardness changing portion where the hardness of the flexible tube is switched and the position where the hardness is increased by the hardness varying means are different.
[0064]
(4) An endoscope in which the hardness varying means is provided along the longitudinal direction on the flexible tube inner wall side in the UP direction or the DOWN direction in a vertical section of the flexible tube.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, while placing importance on the flexibility of the flexible tube, the function of the hardness varying means provided in the flexible tube is utilized to the maximum so that the hand operation can be performed at the tip. It is possible to provide an endoscope that can be transmitted to obtain good followability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 to 7 relate to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
Explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of an electronic endoscope
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining an arrangement position of a coil pipe in a flexible tube.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the distal end of a scope and the hardness of an endoscope having a flexible tube having a hardness changing portion;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope tip of an endoscope having a flexible tube having a hardness change region and the hardness;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an insertion state when an endoscope is inserted transanally.
8 and 9 relate to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure which shows the relationship between the distance from the scope front-end | tip of an endoscope provided with the flexible tube which has a some hardness change area, and hardness
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope tip of an endoscope having a flexible tube with a long distance in the hardness change region and the hardness;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the scope distal end and the hardness of an endoscope including a flexible tube having a hardness change portion and a hardness change region according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the distance from the scope distal end and the hardness of an endoscope having a flexible tube having two hardness change regions according to a modification of the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention. Illustration
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... tip
12A ... Flexible tube
32 ... Coil pipe

Claims (2)

外層部分を構成する外皮によって、先端から所定の範囲を硬度が最も低い軟性可撓部として形成した柔軟性を有する可撓管と、
長手方向に硬度可変領域を備え、前記硬度可変領域の先端を前記軟性可撓部内で、かつ前記可撓管の先端から所定長さ離間した位置に配置するとともに、前記可撓管内に沿って設けられた硬度可変手段と、
記軟性可撓部の所定長さの硬度に対し、当該所定長さよりも基端側において前記硬度可変手段の硬度を変化させる操作手段と、
を具備することを特徴とする内視鏡。
A flexible tube having a softness in which a predetermined range from the tip is formed as a soft flexible portion with the lowest hardness by the outer skin constituting the outer layer portion ;
A hardness variable region is provided in the longitudinal direction, and the tip of the hardness variable region is disposed in the soft flexible portion and at a position spaced apart from the tip of the flexible tube by a predetermined length, and is provided along the flexible tube. Hardness varying means provided,
To the hardness of a predetermined length before Symbol soft flexible portion, and an operation means for changing the hardness of the hardness varying means at the proximal end than the predetermined length,
An endoscope comprising:
外層部分を構成する外皮によって、先端から所定の範囲を硬度が最も低い軟性可撓部、基端から所定の範囲を硬度が最も高い硬性可撓部、及び前記軟性可撓部と前記硬性可撓部との間に硬度を最も低い値から最も高い値まで変化させた硬度変化部を形成した柔軟性を有する可撓管と、
長手方向に硬度可変領域を備え、前記硬度可変領域の先端を前記硬度変化部内で、かつ前記可撓管の先端から所定長さ離間した位置に配置するとともに、前記可撓管内に沿って設けられた硬度可変手段と、
記軟性可撓部から前記硬度変化部に至る所定長さの硬度に対して当該所定長さよりも基端側において前記硬度可変手段の硬度を変化させる操作手段と、
を具備することを特徴とする内視鏡。
Due to the outer skin constituting the outer layer portion, the soft flexible portion having the lowest hardness from the tip, the hard flexible portion having the highest hardness from the base end , and the soft flexible portion and the hard flexible A flexible tube having the flexibility of forming a hardness change part in which the hardness is changed from the lowest value to the highest value between the parts,
A hardness variable region is provided in the longitudinal direction, and the tip of the hardness variable region is disposed in the hardness changing portion and at a position spaced a predetermined length from the tip of the flexible tube, and is provided along the flexible tube. Hardness varying means,
Operation means for changing the hardness of the hardness varying means before Symbol proximal to the said predetermined length with respect to the hardness of a predetermined length from the flexible flexible portion extending to the hardness change unit,
An endoscope comprising:
JP34405196A 1996-12-24 1996-12-24 Endoscope Expired - Lifetime JP3869060B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34405196A JP3869060B2 (en) 1996-12-24 1996-12-24 Endoscope
US08/997,354 US5885208A (en) 1996-12-24 1997-12-23 Endoscope system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34405196A JP3869060B2 (en) 1996-12-24 1996-12-24 Endoscope

Related Child Applications (2)

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JP2003415348A Division JP2004081891A (en) 2003-12-12 2003-12-12 Endoscope
JP2003415349A Division JP3938768B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2003-12-12 Endoscope

Publications (2)

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JPH10179509A JPH10179509A (en) 1998-07-07
JP3869060B2 true JP3869060B2 (en) 2007-01-17

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JP2012065798A (en) * 2010-09-22 2012-04-05 Fujifilm Corp Endoscope and flexible portion thereof

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JP3833879B2 (en) * 2000-08-04 2006-10-18 オリンパス株式会社 Endoscope device
JP2005081100A (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-31 Olympus Corp Flexible tube of endoscope
JP5409446B2 (en) * 2010-03-09 2014-02-05 富士フイルム株式会社 Apparatus and method for managing user setting information for medical device
JP6157433B2 (en) * 2014-09-29 2017-07-05 富士フイルム株式会社 Endoscope and endoscope system
US11553832B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2023-01-17 Fujifilm Corporation Endoscope system
JP6444809B2 (en) * 2015-06-05 2018-12-26 富士フイルム株式会社 Endoscope system
WO2017109986A1 (en) * 2015-12-25 2017-06-29 オリンパス株式会社 Flexible tube insertion device
JP6923281B2 (en) * 2017-03-30 2021-08-18 Hoya株式会社 Endoscope

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012065798A (en) * 2010-09-22 2012-04-05 Fujifilm Corp Endoscope and flexible portion thereof

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