JP3830752B2 - Performance evaluation equipment for fire protection clothing - Google Patents

Description

【００３２】
ここで、人体模型３及び円筒模型に対して火炎を放射するための前記火炎放射手段４について簡単に説明する。先ず、この火炎放射手段４は、模型３及び円筒模型への火炎の放射角度を自由に変更が可能なように、上下２段に配された火炎放射手段からなる。そして、これらの火炎放射手段４は、上下２段に配されたものを一対として、人体模型３及び円筒模型を中心とした円周上に６組１２個が、等間隔に配されている。
【００３３】
なお、この火炎放射手段４は、火炎を放射するノズルの先端が円筒模型に対しては、その表面から５００ｍｍの距離を保つように配されている。また、人体模型３に対しては、これら使用する火炎放射手段４の数及び配置する位置については、放射熱量がＩＳＯ １３５０６規格を満足するように、変更することが可能とされている。
【００３４】
また、その際、火炎を発生させるために使用するガスの規格に関しては、例えば、ガスの種類はプロパンガス、ガス供給圧力は５０〜３００ＫＰａ、そして、ガス供給流量は１５〜４００Ｌ/ｍｉｎとしている。ただし、場合によっては、これらの規格を変更することができることは言うまでもない。例えば、本発明の実施形態では、プロパンガスを用いているが、他の種類のガスを使用しても問題が無いことは明らかである。
【００３５】
そして、このようにして構成される火炎放射手段４は、公知のシーケンサーなどの制御手段２によって制御され、少なくとも２個の火炎放射手段から放射される火炎を所定時間に渡って連続かつ同期させながら人体模型３または円筒模型に放射させられ、これによって評価試験が進行することは、言うまでもない。
【００３６】
以上のように構成される本発明の防火衣の評価装置においては、人体模型３と較正器である円筒模型（図示せず）とは、従来技術のように頭部から吊り下げるのではなく、直立に固定でき、かつ自立できるようにしたことを一大特徴とする。
【００３７】
何故ならば、このような構造とすることで、人体模型３に下着や防火衣を着用させたり、脱がせたりすることが極めて容易となり、従来技術のように下着を切り裂いて人体模型に着用させるといった問題から開放され、実際の着用試験に則した評価結果が得られるからである。
【００３８】
その際、これらの人体模型３及び円筒模型の表面に取り付けた温度検知手段に接続される電気配線５に関しては、その内部が空洞にされた人体模型３または円筒模型の内部を通すこととする。また、人体模型３の外部へこれらの電気配線５を引き出す場合には、例えば、Ｄ−ＳＵＢコネクターのような市販の連結手段（図示せず）を介して行なう。このように、連結手段を介することによって、人体模型３からの取り出し部で電気配線５を着脱自在とする。
【００３９】
ここで、その実施形態の一例を挙げれば、人体模型３においては、その足の裏に電気配線５の着脱が可能な前述のような連結手段を設けることで、また、円筒模型においては、その円筒底面に連結手段を設けることにより、電気的配線を取り出す。このような本発明の実施形態においては、人体模型３を頭部から最早吊り下げる必要がないため、人体模型３の荷重を電気配線５で受け止める必要はなく、前記のような市販の連結手段を介して簡単に着脱自在の構造とすることができる。
【００４０】
この場合、さらには、人体模型３の腕部などに取り付けた温度検知手段（図示せず）に関しても、その内部に温度検知手段の信号取出し線に連結手段を設けて、前述した足の裏のような構造とすることで、電気配線５を着脱自在とすることも、もちろん可能である。
【００４１】
なお、人体模型３の頭部には、人体模型３にズボンを着脱させる場合において、着脱操作が容易となるように、人体模型３の昇降を昇降させるための昇降機に接続する接続金具を取り付けることも好ましい実施態様である。
【００４２】
本発明の評価装置は、もちろん屋外に設置することができるが、屋内に設置することが好ましい。例えば、人体模型３および円筒模型（図示せず）と火炎放射手段４とが設けられた部屋(以後、「燃焼スペース」と称する)と、演算処理手段１と制御手段２とが設けられた部屋(以後、「観測スペース」と称する)とを仕切り、燃焼スペースの前後の壁にガラスをはめ込むことにより、観測スペースから燃焼スペースの様子を観測できるようにすることができる。また、このようにすることで、観測スペースには、ビデオカメラを設置し、ガラス越しに燃焼スペースの様子を記録することもできる。
【００４３】
ところで、本発明の防火衣の評価装置に使用する火炎放射手段４は、その評価結果を共有するために定められたＩＳＯ １３５０６規格に準じる必要がある。このため、火炎放射手段４をこの規格に準じるように較正する必要が生じる。その際、従来技術では、火炎放射手段４を較正するために、人体模型３自体をそのまま較正器として使用していた。
【００４４】
しかしながら、本発明においては、前述のように人体模型３に代えて単純形状の円筒模型を用いることを一大特徴とする。このように、較正器として従来使用されていた人体模型３に代えて、単純形状の円筒模型を用いることで、人体模型３の複雑な形状に起因する影響を取り除くことができる。
【００４５】
ここで、本発明における円筒模型（図示せず）を使用した較正方法について、簡単に説明する。
【００４６】
先ず、前述のように円筒模型（図示せず）の表面に温度検知手段を取り付け、円筒模型の表面温度を電気信号として、サンプリング周期０.２秒でコンピュータに取り込み、取り込んだ表面温度の変化から円筒模型へ流入する熱流束を算出する。
【００４７】
そして、このようにして算出した熱流束から、火炎放射手段４から円筒模型（図示せず）に与えられる熱量がＩＳＯ １３５０６規格に準じた値、すなわち、８４ＫＷ/ｍ²となるように調整する。この調整に関しては、火炎放射手段４のノズル口径、火炎放射手段４の火炎放射角度、そして、ガスーナー4へ供給するガスの流量などの変更により行なった。
【００４８】
なお、表２は、円筒模型を較正器として使用した場合と、人体模型３を較正器として使用した場合との較正結果を示したものであって、各温度検知手段によって温度変化を検出して算出した熱流束の平均値とその標準偏差である。
【００４９】
【表２】

【００５０】
ここで、表２から明らかなごとく、円筒模型（図示せず）で火炎放射手段４の熱量を調整して較正した場合に、人体模型３の場合と比較して、標準偏差が大きいのは、火炎放射のばらつきによるものではなく、人体模型３自体の複雑な形状によるものである。したがって、較正器として円筒模型を使用することは、人体模型３の形状に起因するばらつき因子を排除する上で有効である。
【００５１】
このとき、防火衣の評価試験は、演算処理手段１と制御手段２を共同させて処理する操作により、全ての火炎放射手段４の火炎を同時に点火させ、所定の時間（試験例では４秒間）に渡って、連続的に火炎を放射することができる。このとき、火炎放射を終わらせるために、全ての火炎放射手段４の火炎放射を同時に停止させるようにできる。
【００５２】
また、火炎放射時の模型３の様子は、ビデオカメラのような撮像手段と、この撮像手段によって得られた画像を表示する表示手段とによってリアルタイムで表示した。なお、このときの試験データとビデオ信号とは、コンピュータ本体に設けられた記憶手段とビデオ信号の録画手段とに、記憶及び記録させ、試験が終了した後においても、その様子を再生できるようにした。
【００５３】
以上に述べた防火衣の評価装置において、予め入力されたプログラムによって前記の温度検知手段で検知された温度情報を演算処理する演算処理手段の実施態様の一例に関して、以下に数式を使用しながら詳細に説明する。
【００５４】
なお、この演算処理手段において使用する数式は、下記の（１）〜（４）式である。ここで、（１）式は、放射された火炎から防火服や下着などを介して人体模型３あるいは円筒模型が受け取る熱流束Ｑを算出するための式である。なお、この熱流束Ｑは、温度検知手段によって検出される人体模型３あるいは円筒模型の表面温度から算出される。このとき、人体模型３あるいは円筒模型の表面に取り付けられた温度検知手段からは、０.５秒のサンプリング周期で温度情報をコンピュータに取り込んだ。
【００５５】
その際、（１）式における温度検知手段の熱伝導率ｋ、温度検知手段の密度ρ、そして温度検知手段の比熱ｃに関しては、1２６個の温度検知手段それぞれについて実験によって予め決定することができる既知の値である。また、温度検知手段の初期温度Ｔｉも任意に設定することができる値である。このため、温度検知手段が検知した温度が与えられると、その時点での熱流束Ｑを直ちに計算することができる。
【００５６】
【数１】

【００５７】
ここで、
Ｑ ： 人体模型３または円筒模型が受ける熱流束（Ｗ/ｍ²）
Ｔｓ： 温度検知手段によって検出される温度（Ｋ）
Ｔｉ： 温度検知手段初期温度（Ｋ）
ｋ ： 温度検知手段の熱伝導率（Ｗ/ｍ・Ｋ）
ρ ： 温度検知手段の密度（ｋｇ/ｍ³）
ｃ ： 温度検知手段の比熱（Ｊ/ｋｇ・℃）
ｔ ： 時刻（ｓｅｃ）
【００５８】
このようにして、（１）式から熱流束Ｑが求まると、次に、人体の皮膚の温度上昇を下記の（２）式を使用して算出する。なお、（２）式は人体の皮膚組織を数式モデル化したものであって、皮膚組織の内部への温度伝導を算出するための式である。なお、（２）式に含まれるエネルギー減衰関数ｆは、（３）式から算出される。
【００５９】
なお、人体の皮膚組織を数式モデル化した（２）式において、（１）式で計算される熱流束ｑ（(1)式のＱと同じ値）以外は、人体の皮膚組織を数式モデル化する際に実験あるいは評価条件によって一義的に予め決定することができる既知の値であり、また（３）式で定義されるエネルギー減衰関数もこれらの既知の値から計算される値である。
【００６０】
【数２】

【００６１】
ここで、
Ｔ ： 皮膚推定温度（Ｋ）
Ｔ_b ： 血液の温度（Ｋ）
ｑ ： （１）式で算出した熱流束Ｑ（Ｗ/ｍ²）
ｋ ： 皮膚の熱伝導（Ｗ/ｍ・Ｋ）
Ｃρ： 体積熱容量（ｃａｌ/ｃｍ³・℃）
（Ｃρ）_b： 血液の体積熱容量（ｃａｌ/ｃｍ³・℃）
ｘ ： 皮膚表面からの距離（ｍ）
Ｇ ： 組織体積に対する血液の流れる割合（ｃｃ/ｓｅｃ）
ｆ ： エネルギー減衰関数（下記の（３）式から算出する。）
【００６２】
【数３】

【００６３】
ここで、
γ₁ ： 表皮の吸収係数（ｃｍ^-1）
γ₂ ： 真皮と皮下層の吸収係数（ｃｍ^-1）
δ₁ ： 表皮の厚み（ｃｍ）
【００６４】
以上のようにして、人体の皮膚温度Ｔを算出して推定すると、次に、皮膚組織内への熱の伝播によって生じる皮膚組織の温度上昇によって、皮膚組織が受けるダメージを算出する。このとき、皮膚組織が受けるダメージは、（４）式によって定義されるダメージ関数から求めることができる。
【００６５】
【数４】

【００６６】
ここで、
Ω ： ダメージ関数
Ｐ ： 周波数要因（ｓｅｃ^-1）
ΔＥ： 皮膚の活性化エネルギー（Ｊ/ｍｏｌ）
Ｒ ： 気体定数（８.３１５ Ｊ/ｋｍｏｌ・Ｋ）
Ｔ ： 真皮のそれぞれの深さにおける絶対温度（Ｋ）
ｔ ： Ｔが４４℃（３１７.１５Ｋ）以上になる時間（ｓｅｃ）
【００６７】
以上に述べたようにして、ダメージ関数から皮膚組織のダメージの度合いΩが求まると、このダメージの度合いΩから、皮膚組織の火傷の度合いを推定することができる。
【００６８】
例えば、以上に述べた皮膚表面から皮膚下までの距離ｘが０．００８ｃｍにおける皮膚組織のダメージ関数を算出して、Ω≦０．５であれば、「皮膚に火傷が起こらない」ものと推定し、０．５＜Ω＜１.０であれば、「１度火傷」と推定する。また、皮膚下距離ｘが０．００８ｃｍの場合に、Ω≧１.０と算出された場合において、さらに皮膚下距離ｘが０.２ｃｍにおけるΩの値を算出し、Ω ＜１.０であれば、「２度火傷」と推定し、Ω≧１．０であれば、「３度火傷」と推定する。
【００６９】
なお、前記のダメージ関数は、演算処理手段１によって、時間の経過と共にリアルタイムで計算するようにしてもよい。このようにすれば、必要に応じて、火炎放射の開始に始まる火傷の進行度合いを時系列的に動画としてリアルタイムで表示することもできることは、言うまでもない。ただし、リアルタイムでの処理が必要でなければ、温度などの計測データを取り込んだ後、評価試験後に演算処理し、その結果を表示するようにしても良い。
【００７０】
このとき、火傷の推定結果は、人体模型３の形状を演算処理手段１にインプットしておけば、人体模型３の画像上に、温度検知手段の取り付けた領域ごと、あるいは隣接する温度検知手段を取り付けた領域を補間することで、火傷の進行状態を等高線（コンター線）で表示した画像を得ることもできる。
【００７１】
なお、火傷状態の推定は、温度検知手段を含む分割された領域毎及び一定の時間毎に行なう。このようにして算出された人体模型３の火傷の推定結果は、試験中の各時刻について、単独に表示しても良いし、異なる試験条件での火傷の推定結果と並列に表示するようにしても良い。
【００７２】
さらには、火炎放射試験中に撮影するビデオ映像と共に並列に出力表示してもよい。つまり、映像と火傷推定データは、映像の録画時に記録されたタイムコードから試験開始タイミングを合わせ、映像をコンピュータに取り込む際にスキャンのタイミングをサンプリング周期の０．５秒と等しくして記録し、その結果を同期をとって並列に出力することができる。
【００７３】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、前述の通り、実際の火炎放射映像と、これに対応する部分の火傷の推定結果についても、互いに同期をとって出力を行い、同じ試験時刻におけるデータを対比することにより火炎の影響を確認することができる、という顕著な効果を奏する。
【００７４】
また、本発明は、人体模型３を自立させて直立に固定でき、しかも、人体模型３の足の裏から連結手段を介して電気配線５を取り出すことができる。したがって、頭から被る形状の防火服や足からはく防火ズボンであっても、これらを切り開くことなく、そのままの状態で人体模型３に着衣させることが可能となる。したがって、人体が着衣できる全ての形状の防火衣について、実際の着用状態に則した形で評価試験を行なうことができるという極めて顕著な効果を奏する。
【００７５】
更には、較正器として円筒模型（図示せず）を用いて火炎の熱量を較正することにより、従来の方法においては、複雑な形状を有する人体模型に起因する測定値のばらつきを分離して識別することが困難であったが、容易に均一な火炎調整が可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】防火衣の評価装置の構成を模式的に例示したブロック線図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 演算処理手段
２ 制御手段
３ 人体模型
４ 火炎放射手段
５ 電気配線[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a performance evaluation apparatus for fire protection garments used for fire fighting clothes and the like, and more specifically, to detect the temperature information obtained by radiating a flame to an object to be radiated to evaluate the performance of the fire protection garments. The present invention relates to an apparatus for evaluating the performance of fire protection clothing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, evaluation of fire clothes such as fire clothes is performed by various evaluation methods. For example, after actually wearing a fire garment on an object to be radiated, such as a human body model (mannequin), a flame is emitted toward the object to be radiated, and the temperature change and heat quantity obtained at that time are measured. Thus, it is extremely important to estimate the degree of burns and to evaluate the flameproof performance of the fireproof garment.
[0003]
In particular, it is important to develop a high-performance fire-resistant garment by wearing a fire-resistant garment on a human body model, radiating a flame to the human body model, and estimating the degree of burns that the human body will actually receive. It is extremely important. As an example of such a conventional evaluation system, M.I. Crown and J.H. D. Some have been proposed by Dale et al. In "Instrumented manikin evaluation of thermal protective clothing, Performance of Protective Clothing" (Fourth Volume. ASTM STP 1133). In this conventional technology, they suspend a human body model that is a target object of flame emission from the ceiling, and evaluate the performance of fire protection clothing by combining information such as temperature changes obtained when flame is emitted to this human body model. A system is proposed.
[0004]
In addition, in this prior art, in order to measure the temperature change at the time of the test, all the electrical wiring connected to the detection means such as a thermocouple is taken out from the head of the human body model using the hanging structure, Information obtained at the time of testing is calculated and evaluated via these wirings.
[0005]
By the way, in this prior art, the electric wiring connected to the measuring means arranged on the human body model which is a radiation target is taken out from the head and directly connected to the measuring device. For this reason, the electric wiring taken out from the head of the human body model becomes an obstacle, and it is extremely difficult to wear underwear or the like to be layered on the fire protection clothing from the head.
[0006]
Therefore, the front part of the underwear to be worn on the human body model has been cut and worn. Therefore, the conventional evaluation system is different from the test in the actual state, and has a problem that it cannot be said to be an accurate evaluation test for fire protection clothing.
[0007]
In this evaluation technique, a standard human body model of a white adult male size is used as it is when calibrating the calorific value of the flame or the means for radiating the flame. For this reason, if variations occur in the amount of heat obtained by measuring temperature changes over time during testing, this variation is related to the radiation state of the flame or the shape of the human body model itself. It is difficult to identify whether or not.
[0008]
Furthermore, the conventional technology displays the actual results of the flame emission during the evaluation test and the calculation results such as the estimated state of burns obtained by using the temperature change measured during the evaluation test, etc., independently. It has become. For this reason, the actual image during the evaluation test and the calculation result for estimating the burn are displayed independently, and it is difficult to simultaneously grasp the influence of the flame itself in real time.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art described above, and the problem to be solved by the present invention is that, firstly, the underwear etc. is not torn and worn on the object to be measured. An object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation device that enables the evaluation of fire protection clothing in response to the situation.
[0010]
Also, if there is a variation in the calorific value obtained by measuring changes in temperature over time during calibration of the calorific value of the flame or the flame radiation means, it may be related to the radiation state of the flame, or the human body model itself An object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation device that can easily identify whether the shape is due to the shape of the.
[0011]
It is another object of the present invention to provide an evaluation apparatus that can simultaneously display an actual image during an evaluation test and a calculation result for estimating a burn in real time, and can simultaneously grasp the influence of a flame in real time.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Thus, as a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the problem can be solved by taking the following means.
[0013]
  That is, as the present invention according to claim 1, “a flame radiating means for radiating a flame, an object to be radiated comprising a human body model to which the flame is radiated in a state of wearing a fireproof suit, Detection means for detecting temperature, calculation processing means for calculating and estimating a burn state in a human body according to a program determined in advance from information obtained by the detection means,Image capturing means for recording images of flame emission on the object to be radiated, and a burn estimation result estimated by the arithmetic processing means at each time during an evaluation test is synchronized with an image captured by the imaging means. Display means for visually displaying the output in parallelAn apparatus for evaluating the performance of fire protection garments, comprising: Is.
[0014]
  Further, as an invention according to claim 2, "2. The apparatus for evaluating the performance of a fire protection garment according to claim 1, further comprising a detachable connecting means for taking out the electrical wiring from the inside of the radiation target object, having a structure in which the radiation target object can be fixed upright and standing upright.. Is provided.
[0015]
  Further, as an invention according to claim 3, “as a calibrator for adjusting the flame radiating means includes a radiated object having a cylindrical shape and having the detection means arranged on a side surface of the cylinder. Claim 1 characterizedOr 2The apparatus for evaluating the performance of the fire protection garment described. Is provided.
[0016]
  Further, according to the present invention relating to claim 4, “a flame radiated from at least two flame radiating means is continuously and over a predetermined time period.A plurality of the flame radiating means are connected to each other.2. Control means for radiating in synchronization is provided.To any one of ~ 3The apparatus for evaluating the performance of the fire protection garment described. Is provided.
[0017]
  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that “the arithmetic processing means is arithmetic processing means for displaying a burn progress state calculated on a model shape of a human body model as a moving picture in time series. Item 1~ 4The performance evaluation apparatus for fire protection garments according to any one of the above. Is provided.
[0018]
  And as this invention concerning claim 6, “The performance evaluation device for fire protection garments according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radiation object is formed of alumina cement.Is provided.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 of the present invention is a block diagram showing a system configuration of an evaluation apparatus for fire protection clothing.
[0020]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is arithmetic processing means, reference numeral 2 is control means, reference numeral 3 is a radiation target made of a human body model such as a mannequin doll (hereinafter simply referred to as “human body model”), reference numeral Reference numeral 4 denotes flame radiating means, and reference numeral 5 denotes electric wiring.
[0021]
Here, temperature information obtained from temperature detecting means such as a thermocouple attached to the human body model 3 is inputted to the arithmetic processing means 1 through the electric wiring 5 as an electric signal. Then, from these pieces of information, the degree of burn of the human body is calculated according to a preprogrammed evaluation formula or evaluation standard. A known gas burner or the like can be used as the flame radiating means. As the temperature detection means (not shown), in addition to the thermocouple, a device using a semiconductor such as a transistor or a diode, a device using a magnetic element, or the like can be used.
[0022]
In this case, the calculation processing means 1 can estimate the degree of burns of the human body by calculating in real time during the flame emission to the fire protection garment, or once in the storage means such as a hard disk. Of course, the temperature information is collected and stored, and after the evaluation test is completed, the information may be calculated and displayed in accordance with the burn evaluation formula or evaluation standard. .
[0023]
Usually, as the arithmetic processing means 1, a computer main body having a central processing unit for arithmetic processing of fire prevention performance from information such as temperature change obtained from the human body model 3, temperature information and the like are input to the computer main body. Well-known input means, storage means for temporarily storing information input through the input means and calculation processing information, and output means for outputting the result of calculation processing to a display means such as a CRT or a printing means. It is comprised including a means. It should be noted that the performance evaluation criteria of the fire protection garment at this time can be evaluated according to the ISO 13506 standard.
[0024]
Next, as the control means 2, a plurality of (for example, 12) flame radiating means 4 are controlled and supplied to the flame radiating means by controlling the electromagnetic valves respectively provided in these flame radiating means. Controls the flow rate of gas and the timing of opening and closing. That is, the control means 2 is controlled so that a plurality of flame radiation means 4 are simultaneously synchronized with the human body model 3 to start flame emission. Moreover, it is controlled so that the flame emission from the flame emission means 4 is stopped in synchronization.
[0025]
Furthermore, the human body model 3 uses a publicly known mannequin made to fit the size of a standard white adult male, for example. In evaluating the fireproof garment, in order to calibrate the flame radiation of the flame radiating means 4, a cylindrical model (not shown) is used in the present invention. As for this cylindrical model (not shown), the cylinder diameter was 400 mm and the cylinder height was 1800 mm. The materials of the human body model 3 and the cylindrical model (not shown) are both molded from alumina cement.
[0026]
The human body model 3 or the cylindrical model (not shown) is provided with temperature detecting means made of a thermocouple, for example. Therefore, the temperature information obtained in the process in which flames are radiated to the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model (not shown) and the surface temperatures of the model 3 and the cylindrical model rise, 2 can be sent. Then, the temperature information obtained in this way is arithmetically processed based on an evaluation formula programmed in advance in the arithmetic processing means 2 to immediately determine the degree of burn that is estimated to be actually received by the human body. To calculate.
[0027]
At that time, the result obtained by the arithmetic processing means 2 is displayed in real time or recorded and reproduced on a display as a display means. At this time, it goes without saying that these images can be superimposed and displayed on the model shape of the human body model 3 actually exposed to the flame.
[0028]
The calculation result obtained in this way is recorded in a storage unit constituting a part of the calculation processing unit, and the result can be printed on paper by a printing unit or the like as necessary. It can also be recorded as electronic information on a recording medium such as a hard disk, MO, or floppy disk.
[0029]
At that time, as described above, the surface portions of the human body model 3 and the cylindrical model are provided with the necessary number of temperature detecting means as described above at each part to be measured. For example, with regard to the arrangement of the temperature detection means, the cylindrical model is distributed in a 14-stage circumference in the vertical direction, and nine temperature detection means on each circumference are arranged in a staggered manner, with nine on each circumference. Thus, a total of 126 pieces are equally arranged.
[0030]
The human body model 3 was divided into equal areas for each part of the model (head, torso, arms, thighs, below the knees) and divided at the ratios shown in Table 1 below. A total of 126 temperature detection means are provided for each region.
[0031]
[Table 1]

[0032]
Here, the flame radiating means 4 for radiating the flame to the human body model 3 and the cylindrical model will be briefly described. First, the flame radiating means 4 is composed of flame radiating means arranged in two upper and lower stages so that the radiation angle of the flame to the model 3 and the cylindrical model can be freely changed. These flame radiating means 4 are arranged in two pairs on the upper and lower sides, and 6 sets and 12 pieces are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference centering on the human body model 3 and the cylindrical model.
[0033]
The flame radiating means 4 is arranged so that the tip of the nozzle that radiates the flame maintains a distance of 500 mm from the surface of the cylindrical model. For the human body model 3, the number of the flame radiating means 4 to be used and the positions to be arranged can be changed so that the amount of radiant heat satisfies the ISO 13506 standard.
[0034]
At that time, regarding the standard of the gas used to generate the flame, for example, the type of gas is propane gas, the gas supply pressure is 50 to 300 KPa, and the gas supply flow rate is 15 to 400 L / min. However, it goes without saying that these standards can be changed in some cases. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, propane gas is used, but it is apparent that there is no problem even if other types of gas are used.
[0035]
The flame radiating means 4 configured as described above is controlled by a control means 2 such as a known sequencer, and the flames radiated from at least two flame radiating means are continuously and synchronized over a predetermined time. It goes without saying that the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model is radiated and the evaluation test proceeds accordingly.
[0036]
In the fire protection garment evaluation apparatus of the present invention configured as described above, the human body model 3 and the cylindrical model (not shown) as a calibrator are not suspended from the head as in the prior art, The main feature is that it can be fixed upright and can stand upright.
[0037]
This is because such a structure makes it very easy to make the human body model 3 wear underwear or fire protection clothing, and to remove it, and to tear the underwear and wear it on the human body model as in the prior art. This is because it is free from problems and an evaluation result in accordance with an actual wearing test is obtained.
[0038]
At that time, regarding the electric wiring 5 connected to the temperature detecting means attached to the surface of the human body model 3 and the cylindrical model, the inside of the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model whose inside is hollowed is passed. Further, when these electrical wires 5 are pulled out to the outside of the human body model 3, for example, it is performed through a commercially available connecting means (not shown) such as a D-SUB connector. In this way, the electric wiring 5 can be freely attached and detached at the take-out portion from the human body model 3 through the connecting means.
[0039]
Here, to give an example of the embodiment, in the human body model 3, the connecting means as described above capable of attaching and detaching the electric wiring 5 is provided on the sole of the foot, and in the cylindrical model, Electrical wiring is taken out by providing connecting means on the bottom of the cylinder. In such an embodiment of the present invention, since it is not necessary to suspend the human body model 3 from the head anymore, it is not necessary to receive the load of the human body model 3 with the electric wiring 5, and a commercially available connecting means as described above is used. The structure can be easily detached.
[0040]
In this case, furthermore, with respect to a temperature detecting means (not shown) attached to the arm portion of the human body model 3, a connecting means is provided in the signal extraction line of the temperature detecting means, so that the above-described sole of the foot is provided. It is of course possible to make the electrical wiring 5 detachable by adopting such a structure.
[0041]
In addition, when attaching and removing trousers to and from the human body model 3, a fitting for connecting to an elevator for raising and lowering the human body model 3 is attached to the head of the human body model 3 so as to facilitate the attachment and detachment operation. Is also a preferred embodiment.
[0042]
The evaluation apparatus of the present invention can be installed outdoors, but is preferably installed indoors. For example, a room in which the human body model 3 and cylindrical model (not shown) and the flame radiating means 4 are provided (hereinafter referred to as “combustion space”), and a room in which the arithmetic processing means 1 and the control means 2 are provided. (Hereinafter referred to as “observation space”) and by inserting glass into the front and back walls of the combustion space, the state of the combustion space can be observed from the observation space. In this way, a video camera can be installed in the observation space, and the state of the combustion space can be recorded through the glass.
[0043]
By the way, the flame radiation means 4 used for the evaluation apparatus of the fire protection garment of this invention needs to comply with the ISO 13506 standard defined in order to share the evaluation result. For this reason, it is necessary to calibrate the flame emitting means 4 so as to comply with this standard. At that time, in the prior art, in order to calibrate the flame radiating means 4, the human body model 3 itself is used as it is as a calibrator.
[0044]
However, the present invention is characterized by using a simple cylindrical model instead of the human body model 3 as described above. Thus, instead of the human body model 3 conventionally used as a calibrator, the influence caused by the complicated shape of the human body model 3 can be removed by using a simple cylindrical model.
[0045]
Here, a calibration method using a cylindrical model (not shown) in the present invention will be briefly described.
[0046]
First, as described above, a temperature detecting means is attached to the surface of a cylindrical model (not shown), the surface temperature of the cylindrical model is taken as an electric signal in a computer with a sampling period of 0.2 seconds, and the change in the surface temperature taken in is detected. Calculate the heat flux flowing into the cylindrical model.
[0047]
From the heat flux calculated in this way, the amount of heat given from the flame radiating means 4 to the cylindrical model (not shown) is a value according to the ISO 13506 standard, that is, 84 KW / m.²Adjust so that This adjustment was performed by changing the nozzle diameter of the flame radiating means 4, the flame radiating angle of the flame radiating means 4, and the flow rate of the gas supplied to the gas sonar 4.
[0048]
Table 2 shows the calibration results when the cylindrical model is used as a calibrator and when the human body model 3 is used as a calibrator. The temperature change is detected by each temperature detection means. It is the average value of the calculated heat flux and its standard deviation.
[0049]
[Table 2]

[0050]
Here, as is clear from Table 2, when the calorie of the flame radiating means 4 is adjusted and calibrated with a cylindrical model (not shown), the standard deviation is large compared to the case of the human body model 3. It is not due to variations in flame radiation, but due to the complicated shape of the human body model 3 itself. Therefore, the use of the cylindrical model as a calibrator is effective in eliminating the variation factor due to the shape of the human body model 3.
[0051]
At this time, the fireproof garment evaluation test is performed by jointly processing the arithmetic processing means 1 and the control means 2 to simultaneously ignite the flames of all the flame radiating means 4 and for a predetermined time (4 seconds in the test example). It is possible to radiate a flame continuously over. At this time, in order to end the flame emission, the flame emission of all the flame emission means 4 can be stopped simultaneously.
[0052]
The state of the model 3 at the time of flame emission was displayed in real time by an imaging means such as a video camera and a display means for displaying an image obtained by the imaging means. The test data and video signal at this time are stored and recorded in the storage means provided in the computer main body and the video signal recording means so that the state can be reproduced even after the test is completed. did.
[0053]
In the fire protection garment evaluation apparatus described above, an example of an embodiment of the arithmetic processing means for arithmetically processing the temperature information detected by the temperature detecting means by a program inputted in advance will be described in detail using mathematical expressions below. Explained.
[0054]
The mathematical formulas used in this arithmetic processing means are the following formulas (1) to (4). Here, the equation (1) is an equation for calculating the heat flux Q received by the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model from the radiated flame via fire prevention clothing or underwear. The heat flux Q is calculated from the surface temperature of the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model detected by the temperature detecting means. At this time, temperature information was taken into the computer at a sampling period of 0.5 seconds from the temperature detecting means attached to the surface of the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model.
[0055]
At that time, the thermal conductivity k of the temperature detection means, the density ρ of the temperature detection means, and the specific heat c of the temperature detection means in equation (1) can be determined in advance by experiments for each of the 126 temperature detection means. It is a known value. Further, the initial temperature Ti of the temperature detecting means is also a value that can be arbitrarily set. For this reason, when the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means is given, the heat flux Q at that time can be immediately calculated.
[0056]
[Expression 1]

[0057]
here,
Q: Heat flux (W / m) received by the human body model 3 or the cylindrical model²)
Ts: Temperature (K) detected by the temperature detection means
Ti: Temperature detection means initial temperature (K)
k: thermal conductivity of temperature detection means (W / m · K)
ρ: density of temperature detection means (kg / m^Three)
c: Specific heat of temperature detection means (J / kg · ° C)
t: Time (sec)
[0058]
Thus, when the heat flux Q is obtained from the equation (1), the temperature rise of the human skin is calculated using the following equation (2). Equation (2) is a mathematical model of human skin tissue, and is an equation for calculating temperature conduction into the skin tissue. The energy decay function f included in the equation (2) is calculated from the equation (3).
[0059]
In addition, in formula (2), where the human skin tissue is modeled, the human skin tissue is modeled except for the heat flux q (the same value as Q in formula (1)) calculated by formula (1). In this case, it is a known value that can be uniquely determined in advance by an experiment or an evaluation condition, and the energy decay function defined by the equation (3) is also a value calculated from these known values.
[0060]
[Expression 2]

[0061]
here,
T: Estimated skin temperature (K)
T_b : Blood temperature (K)
q: Heat flux Q (W / m) calculated by equation (1)²)
k: heat conduction of skin (W / m · K)
Cρ: Volumetric heat capacity (cal / cm^Three・ ℃)
(Cρ)_b: Volumetric heat capacity of blood (cal / cm^Three・ ℃)
x: Distance from skin surface (m)
G: Blood flow rate relative to tissue volume (cc / sec)
f: Energy decay function (calculated from the following equation (3))
[0062]
[Equation 3]

[0063]
here,
γ₁ : Absorption coefficient of epidermis (cm^-1)
γ₂ : Absorption coefficient of dermis and subcutaneous layer (cm^-1)
δ₁ : Skin thickness (cm)
[0064]
When the skin temperature T of the human body is calculated and estimated as described above, the damage to the skin tissue due to the temperature increase of the skin tissue caused by the propagation of heat into the skin tissue is calculated. At this time, the damage received by the skin tissue can be obtained from the damage function defined by the equation (4).
[0065]
[Expression 4]

[0066]
here,
Ω: Damage function
P: Frequency factor (sec^-1)
ΔE: skin activation energy (J / mol)
R: Gas constant (8.315 J / kmol · K)
T: Absolute temperature (K) at each depth of the dermis
t: Time for T to reach 44 ° C (317.15K) or more (sec)
[0067]
As described above, when the degree of skin tissue damage Ω is obtained from the damage function, the degree of skin tissue burn can be estimated from the degree of damage Ω.
[0068]
For example, by calculating the skin tissue damage function when the distance x from the skin surface to the skin below is 0.008 cm and Ω ≦ 0.5, it is estimated that “the skin does not burn”. If 0.5 <Ω <1.0, it is estimated that “one-time burn”. In addition, when Ω ≧ 1.0 is calculated when the skin under distance x is 0.008 cm, the value of Ω when the skin under distance x is 0.2 cm is further calculated, and Ω <1.0. If it is Ω ≧ 1.0, “3 degree burn” is estimated.
[0069]
The damage function may be calculated by the arithmetic processing means 1 in real time as time passes. If it does in this way, it cannot be overemphasized that the progress degree of the burn which starts from the start of flame radiation can also be displayed in real time as a time series as needed. However, if real-time processing is not necessary, after taking measurement data such as temperature, it is possible to perform arithmetic processing after the evaluation test and display the result.
[0070]
At this time, as a result of burn estimation, if the shape of the human body model 3 is input to the arithmetic processing means 1, the temperature detection means adjacent to the region where the temperature detection means is attached or on the image of the human body model 3 is displayed. By interpolating the attached area, it is also possible to obtain an image displaying the progress of burns with contour lines (contour lines).
[0071]
Note that the burn state is estimated for each of the divided areas including the temperature detecting means and for every predetermined time. The burn estimation result of the human body model 3 calculated in this way may be displayed separately for each time during the test, or displayed in parallel with the burn estimation result under different test conditions. Also good.
[0072]
Further, it may be output and displayed in parallel with a video image taken during the flame emission test. In other words, the video and burn estimation data are recorded by matching the test start timing from the time code recorded at the time of video recording, and the scan timing is equal to the sampling period of 0.5 seconds when the video is taken into the computer, The result can be output in parallel in synchronization.
[0073]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, the present inventionThe actual flame radiation image and the estimated result of the burn in the corresponding part are also output in synchronization with each other, and the effect of the flame can be confirmed by comparing the data at the same test time Has a remarkable effect.
[0074]
In the present invention, the human body model 3 can stand upright and be fixed upright, and the electric wiring 5 can be taken out from the sole of the human body model 3 through the connecting means. Therefore, it is possible to make the human body model 3 wear as it is without opening the fire-proof trousers or the fire-proof trousers that are worn from the feet. Therefore, there is an extremely remarkable effect that it is possible to perform the evaluation test in a form in accordance with the actual wearing state for all shapes of fire-resistant clothing that can be worn by the human body.
[0075]
Furthermore, by calibrating the calorific value of the flame using a cylindrical model (not shown) as a calibrator, the conventional method separates and discriminates variations in measured values caused by a human body model having a complicated shape. Although it was difficult to do so, it was possible to easily perform uniform flame adjustment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of an evaluation apparatus for fire protection garments.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Arithmetic processing means
2 Control means
3 human model
4 Flame radiation means
5 Electrical wiring

Claims (6)

Flame radiating means for radiating a flame, an object to be radiated comprising a human body model to which the flame is radiated while wearing a fireproof suit, a detecting means for detecting the temperature of the object to be radiated, and the detecting means Calculation processing means for calculating and estimating the burn state in the human body according to a predetermined program from the information obtained by the above, an imaging means for recording an image during flame emission to the radiation target, and an evaluation test What is claimed is: 1. A fireproof garment comprising: a display means for visually outputting a burn estimation result estimated by the arithmetic processing means at each time in parallel with an image captured by the photographing means. Performance evaluation device. The performance evaluation apparatus for a fire protection garment according to claim 1, further comprising a detachable connecting means for taking out the electric wiring from the inside of the radiation target object, and having a structure in which the radiation target object can be self-supported and fixed upright . As calibrator for adjusting the flame radiation means has a cylindrical shape, and according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises an object to be radiated object to the detecting means is arranged on the cylindrical side surface Performance evaluation device for fire protection clothing. Claim 1 characterized by comprising a control means for radiating while synchronizing with each other continuously and a plurality of the flame radiation means together across the flame emitted from at least two flame radiating means at a predetermined time ~ The performance evaluation apparatus for fire protection clothing according to any one of claims 3 to 4 . The said arithmetic processing means is an arithmetic processing means which displays the advancing state of the burn calculated on the model shape of a human body model as a moving image in time series, The said processing means is any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. Equipment for evaluating the performance of fire protection clothing. The performance evaluation device for fire protection garments according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radiation object is formed of alumina cement.

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