JP3778830B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an excavator, and in particular, in an excavator having a cutter head with a face plate and having an intake port for excavated earth on the face plate, the excavator capable of easily and reliably taking excavated earth into the excavator. It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to prevent excavated earth and sand from flowing into the excavator, the excavator that excavates in the ground that tends to collapse includes a face plate in front of the cutter head. The face plate is provided with an inlet for earth and sand to take excavated earth and sand into the excavator.
[0003]
1 to 3 show a conventional excavator provided with such an intake port. 1 is a front view of a conventional excavator, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of FIG. The excavator shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 is configured by attaching a turret 2 in front of a cylindrical excavator body 1 and a cutter head 3 rotating in front of the turret 2. The front surface of the cutter head 3 is covered with a face plate 4, and an opening is provided in a part of the face plate 4. This opening is the intake 5 for excavated earth and sand.
[0004]
A scraping bit 6 is provided at the edge of the intake port 5 in order to facilitate the intake of excavated soil. The scraping bit 6 has a blade-like shape with a thin tip, and the rear end is fixed to the edge of the intake port 5 so that the front end protrudes toward the intake port 5. Thus, the rear surface of the scraping bit 6 is inclined to guide the excavated earth and sand into the intake port 5. As the scraping bit, as shown in FIG. 4, a double-edged bit 6 ′ whose both ends are thin may be used.
[0005]
Excavation bits 7, 8, 9 for excavating the ground are attached to the front surface of the face plate 4. There are various types of excavation bits, such as a cutting die, a roller die, and a disc die, but any type can be used in the present invention. In FIG. 1-3, a cutting-type bit is used.
[0006]
A partition wall 10 is attached to the turret 2 to isolate the interior of the excavator main body 1 from the chamber 11. The excavated earth and sand are introduced into the chamber 11 through the intake port 5, mixed with the reflux mud fed from the mud pipe 12 penetrating the partition wall 10, passed through the feeder 13, and by the mud pipe 14. It is discharged outside the mine.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The conventional excavator as described above has various disadvantages as the ground changes. In other words, because the ground in Japan suddenly changes from gravel to viscous, and soil containing driftwood is mixed in, conventional excavators cannot cope with such changes. That caused the inconvenience.
[0008]
For example, when the ground contains driftwood, the excavator generally cuts driftwood with a drill bit, but the cut wood does not become finely pulverized, and the fibrous material becomes cotton-like wood waste. Remain. For this reason, cotton-like wood chips are entangled with the bit 6. As a result, the intake port 5 is blocked and the excavated earth and sand cannot enter the chamber. The ground near a large river contains a lot of driftwood, and so far construction has been extremely difficult.
[0009]
For example, when the ground is made of clay, the excavated earth and sand has a strong adhesive force, so that it adheres to the edges of the scraping bit 6 and the intake port 5 and closes the intake port 5. For this reason, the cut earth cannot enter the chamber through the intake port 5. As a result, the excavation efficiency dropped significantly.
[0010]
As described above, the conventional excavator has a problem that excavation becomes difficult and the excavation efficiency decreases when the ground changes. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to solve such a problem. That is, even if the ground changes abruptly to any soil type, for example, even if it contains a lot of driftwood or has a strong adhesive force, the excavated earth and sand can be taken in easily, reliably and smoothly. An object is to provide an excavator that can be taken into the excavator from the mouth.
[0011]
[Means for solving problems]
This inventor tried to attach a rotatable shaft across the intake port of the face plate and attach a plurality of rods radially on the surface of the rotatable shaft. In this way, when the rotatable shaft with the rod attached is turned to the entrance and rotated so that each rod comes to a position protruding forward from the face plate one after another, the excavated earth and sand are those with strong adhesive force. In addition, it was found that the excavated sediment can be smoothly taken into the excavator from the intake port even if it contains wood chips. The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.
[0012]
This invention has a cutter head with a face plate, and in the excavator having a face plate provided with an intake port for excavating earth and sand, a rotatable shaft is provided across the intake port, and the rotatable shaft has a plurality of rods radially on the surface. When the rotatable shaft rotates, at least a part of the bars come to a position protruding forward from the face plate.
[0013]
An example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as follows. FIG. 5 is a front view of the excavator according to the present invention. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ in FIG. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the excavator shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a front view of the vicinity of an intake port of another excavator according to the present invention. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ in FIG. FIG. 10 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 6 of yet another excavator according to the present invention.
[0014]
The excavator according to the present invention is configured by attaching a turret 22 in front of a tubular excavator main body 21 and attaching a cutter head 23 rotating in front of the excavator main body 21 as shown in FIGS. Has been. Further, the front surface of the cutter head 23 is covered with a face plate 24, and an intake port 25 is provided in a part of the face plate 24. Excavation bits 27, 28 and 29 are provided on the front surface of the face plate 24. In these respects, the excavator according to the present invention is the same as the conventional excavator.
[0015]
Further, a partition wall 30 is attached to the turret 22 of the excavator according to the present invention, whereby the excavator main body 21 and the chamber 31 are separated. The excavated earth and sand enters the chamber 31 through the intake port 25, is mixed with the refluxed mud sent from the mud pipe 32, passes through the feeder 33, and is discharged from the mud pipe 34. Also in these points, the excavator according to the present invention is the same as the conventional excavator. In addition, although the excavator of this invention was demonstrated taking the example of the hydraulic excavation type excavator in FIG. 7, this invention is not limited to such a hydraulic excavation type excavator.
[0016]
The excavator according to the present invention is different from the conventional excavator in that a rotatable shaft 35 provided with rods 36 and 361 is attached to the intake port 25. A rotatable shaft (hereinafter referred to as “rotary shaft”) 35 is provided close to the face plate 24 and is provided across the intake port 25 so as to be rotatable. A plurality of rods 36 are radially attached to the surface of the rotating shaft 35. When the rotation shaft rotates, at least a part of the rods 36 comes to a position protruding forward from the face plate 24. In this respect, the excavator according to the present invention is different from the conventional excavator.
[0017]
In the excavator shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, both ends of the shaft are supported by bearings 37 in order to rotatably attach the rotating shaft 35. The bearing 37 is fixed to the opposite edge of the substantially rectangular quadrangle or trapezoidal intake port 25 on the rear surface of the face plate 24. However, the method of attaching the rotating shaft 35 is not limited to this. For example, a cylindrical rotating shaft can be rotatably provided around an inner shaft whose both ends are fixed by metal fittings via an inner bearing. If it does in this way, since the outer diameter of a rotating shaft will become large and it will become suitable for receiving a big load, it is suitable for using on the ground mixed with cobblestone.
[0018]
A rod 36 is attached to the surface of the rotating shaft 35. The rods 36 are radially attached at equal intervals in a row in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft 35. A plurality of such rows of bars are provided at equal intervals in the axial direction of the rotary shaft. And between adjacent rows, each bar is attached with a phase shift. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when three rods 36 arranged in one row are attached at an angle of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft 35, the rods 361 arranged in the next row are It is attached so as to come between the bars 36 arranged in one row.
[0019]
Of the plurality of rods 36 attached to the surface of the rotating shaft 35, at least some of the rods 36 need to protrude forward from the face plate 24 when the rotating shaft 35 is rotated. If it does in this way, when it attaches so that the extending direction of a rotating shaft may face the radial direction of a cutter head, it will not need to attach power at all in order to rotate a rotating shaft. This is because the rod protruding by the rotation of the cutter head comes into contact with the ground and the rotation shaft rotates naturally. The fact that no power is required to rotate the rotating shaft is advantageous because it simplifies the structure of the excavator. However, the rotating shaft may be rotated using power, or may be rotated using a force accompanying rotation of the cutter head.
[0020]
When the rotary shaft 35 rotates, it seems that a larger number of rods 36 is better for taking the excavated earth and sand from the take-in port 25. However, if the number of the rods 36 is too large, not only will the cotton-like wood chips produced by cutting driftwood or the like be easily entangled with the rods 36, but it will also be difficult to sandwich gravel and cobblestones between the adjacent rods 36. Too much rod 36 should be avoided.
[0021]
Moreover, the rod 36 seems to be easy to take in excavated earth and sand as the longer one. However, if the rod 36 is too long, it will be difficult to rotate at the take-in port, it will be easy to break, and it will be easy for the cotton-like wood chips to get entangled, so it is necessary to avoid making the rod 36 too long. Don't be.
[0022]
The number and interval of the rods 36, and the length of the rods 36 can be crushed by the crusher attached to the feeder 33 so that the largest lump of earth and sand that fits into the recess formed between the adjacent rods 36 and the rotating shaft 35 can be crushed. It is preferable to have the maximum dimension.
[0023]
The bar 36 shown in FIGS. 5-7 has the same size cross section from the base to the tip, but this is not necessary. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the rod 36 may have a truncated cone shape with a thick base. Further, the rod 36 may have a truncated cone shape. Among the pyramids, if a pyramid shaped rod whose cross section parallel to the bottom is rectangular and the long side of the rectangle is parallel to the rotation axis, the resistance received from the ground of the rod increases, Even in soft clay ground, the rotation axis rotates well. Further, if the bar is made thicker at the lower part near the rotation axis, not only will it become stronger, but it will also be easier to release wood chips and dirt into the chamber. In addition, since the tip and the periphery of the rod are worn violently, it is desirable to perform an anti-wear treatment.
[0024]
In the gravel ground, it is preferable in terms of strength of the rotating shaft and the rod that the tip of the rotating rod 36 does not protrude forward than the excavation bit excavating the front ground.
[0025]
In the present invention, the rotary shaft 35 provided with the rod 36 is attached in order to easily and reliably take the excavated earth and sand from the intake port 25 into the excavator, so that the rotary shaft 35 with the rod 36 and the edge of the intake port 25 are provided. It is necessary that there is a sufficient gap between them to allow the cobblestone and driftwood contained in the excavated soil to pass freely. The size of the gap is related to the crushing ability of the crusher provided in the excavator as well as the distance between the rods 36 described above.
[0026]
5 to 9, the axial direction of the rotary shaft 35 is directed to the radial direction of the cutter head, but this is not always necessary. Directing the axial direction of the rotating shaft in the radial direction of the cutter head has an advantage that it is not necessary to use special power to rotate the rotating shaft as described above. However, when power is separately used to rotate the rotating shaft, the axial direction of the rotating shaft can be directed to an arbitrary direction.
[0027]
In the present invention, the intake port 25 is a right-angled quadrilateral opening, but it is not necessary to be a right-angled quadrilateral, and may be a trapezoidal shape with the lower base placed on the outer peripheral side of the face plate. . In these cases, the intake port 25 has a bilaterally symmetric shape about the rotation axis 35. At this time, the edge of the intake port 25 extending in the direction in which the rotating shaft 35 extends is sufficient to allow the excavated sediment to pass between the rotating shaft 35 and the rod 36 attached thereto. Leave a gap.
[0028]
5 to 9, one rotation shaft is attached to one intake port, but two or more rotation shafts may be attached to one intake port 25 as shown in FIG.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in an excavation machine having a cutter head with a face plate, and the face plate is provided with an intake port for excavating earth and sand, a rotary shaft is provided across the intake port of the face plate, and a plurality of rods are provided on the surface of the rotary shaft. When the rotating shaft rotates, at least some of the tips of the rods come to a position protruding forward from the face plate. Even if the ground includes driftwood, the driftwood is cut by the cutter head. Thus, the cotton-like wood chips fall into a recess formed between the rod and the rotation shaft, and are carried by the rod and easily and reliably taken into the take-in port. Therefore, the intake port is prevented from being blocked by driftwood. In addition, even if the ground is a mixture of sticky clay, the excavated earth and sand are crushed by the rod and carried by the rotation of the rod, so that the arrow uptake port is blocked by the excavated earth and sand. Can be prevented. Therefore, even if the ground changes, excavation can be performed efficiently. The present invention provides such benefits.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a conventional excavator.
2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of the conventional excavator shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the conventional excavator shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of another conventional excavator.
FIG. 5 is a front view of the excavator according to the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view of the excavator according to the present invention shown in FIG. 5 along the line BB ′.
7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the excavator according to the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a front view of the vicinity of an intake port of another excavator according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ in FIG.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 6 of yet another excavator according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,21 Excavator main body 2,22 Turret 3,23 Cutter head 4,24 Face plate 5,25 Intake port 6 Scratch bit 7, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29 Excavation bit 10, 30 Bulkhead 11, 31 Chamber 12 , 32 Mud pipe 13, 33 Feeder 14, 34 Drain pipe 35 Rotating shaft 36, 361 Rod 37 Bearing

Claims (4)

In an excavating machine that has a cutter head with a face plate, a drill bit on the front of the face plate, and an intake port for excavated earth and sand on the face plate, a shaft that can be rotated across the intake port is attached, and a plurality of shafts are attached to the surface of the shaft. and attaching a rod to radially at least part of the rod protrudes forwardly from the face plate, the protruding rods, characterized in that incorporated into boring machine from port captures excavated sand by rotation of the shaft, the shield machine.   The excavator of claim 1, wherein the rotatable shaft extends substantially in a radial direction of the cutter head. The edge of the intake opening extending in the direction in which the rotatable shaft extends leaves a gap between the rotatable shaft and the rod attached thereto , and the gap passes through a feeder attached in the excavator. The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein only the lump of earth and sand that can be produced is passed . The excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rod attached to the rotatable shaft has a truncated cone shape or a truncated pyramid shape whose cross-sectional area increases toward the base portion.

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