JP3702007B2 - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a waste treatment method and a waste treatment apparatus for treating waste landfilled in a waste treatment plant such as incineration ash discharged from an incineration plant and garbage that cannot be incinerated.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, final disposal of incinerated ash discharged from incinerators, waste that cannot be incinerated, or especially waste such as automobile demolition scrap has become one of the major environmental problems not only in Japan but also in the world.
[0003]
Conventionally, most of these wastes have been finally disposed of in a stable waste disposal facility, for example, by being finely pulverized by a shredder.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, as of April 1, 1996, so-called non-combustible garbage such as automobile demolition scraps is in the soil of hazardous substances contained in waste due to the revision of waste disposal and cleaning laws and waste disposal standards. From the viewpoint of preventing contamination, the final disposal must be uniformly performed in a managed waste disposal facility. Managed waste treatment facilities are required to have a long-term ability to remove the risk of human health or living environment damage from landfilled waste, and generally have a solid underground sealing structure. Measures for preventing the occurrence of the damage are also required for the waste itself to be treated.
[0005]
From this point of view, it was also proposed that the waste be incinerated and then finally disposed in a managed waste disposal facility. In this case, soot and harmful gases are generated along with the incineration of the waste, On the other hand, it is pointed out that another problem of air pollution occurs.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and effectively utilizes the limited disposal space of the management-type waste treatment facility, thereby spreading the contamination of harmful substances by waste into the soil and the atmosphere. The main object is to provide a waste disposal method and apparatus that can be effectively prevented.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the waste treatment method according to the present invention includes a step of compression molding waste, a step of sealingly packaging the waste compression molding with a packaging material to form a package, A step of sucking and exhausting the internal gas of the package.
[0008]
The waste disposal method according to the present invention may further include a step of packing the package with a binding material after the exhausting step.
[0009]
The present invention also provides a waste treatment apparatus, the waste treatment apparatus comprising: a press apparatus for compressing and molding the waste; and a packaging body obtained by sealing and packaging the compression molded body of the waste with a sealing packaging material. And a suction device that sucks and exhausts the gas inside the package.
[0010]
The waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention may further include a packaging device that packages the packaging body sucked by the suction device with a binding material.
[0011]
In the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, the packaging device includes a table for flatly spreading the packaging material, and a waste compression molded body discharged from the press device on the packaging material spread on the table. When receiving, it can be provided with a packaging material abrasion damage preventing means for interposing a smooth flat material between the packaging material and the compression molded body.
[0012]
In the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, the packaging device can include a sealing device that seals the packaging material after the compression-molded body is packaged, and the sealing device includes a welding device or an adhesive application device. Including.
[0013]
Furthermore, in the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, the pressing device includes a first press that compresses the waste in the first direction, and a first press that compresses the waste compressed in the first direction. A second press that further compresses in the direction of 2 and a return blocking mechanism that mechanically locks the first press in the compressed position during operation of the second press.
[0014]
[Action]
In the waste treatment method according to the present invention, for example, waste that is finely crushed by a shredder or the like is first compression-molded as necessary. Next, the waste compression-molded body is hermetically packaged with a packaging material to form a package, and further, gas is sucked and exhausted from the inside of the package.
[0015]
In the compression molding process, the waste is preferably compression molded into a certain rectangular shape so that as much waste as possible can be stored in the limited disposal space of the managed waste disposal facility. Further, in the packaging process, the compression-molded waste is hermetically packaged with a packaging material such as a stable plastic material so that pollutant harmful substances (liquid, gas, solid) do not leak directly from the waste itself.
[0016]
This hermetic packaging is preferably performed by automatic packaging using a packaging material, followed by automatic sealing by fusing the seam of the packaging material, and heat fusion or high frequency welding can be used for the fusion. The sealing with an adhesive other than fusion is also effective.
[0017]
Furthermore, simply compressing and packing the compression-molded waste with the packaging material leaves gas (for example, air) inside. For example, the waste after final disposal, the propagation of microorganisms inside, etc. May generate gas inside the package.
[0018]
When gas is generated inside the package, expansion of the densely stacked package within the disposal space is suppressed, so the generated gas inside the package breaks the packaging material and the seal is broken. As a result of the diffusion of materials, the strict technical requirement that the complete sealing of the treatment facility itself must be maintained over a long period of time is forced, and even if there is a slight crack or the like in the treatment facility, contamination will occur to the outside. May leak.
[0019]
Therefore, in the present invention, in order to prevent such a situation, a gas is sucked and exhausted from the inside of the package body by an exhaust process to make the inside of the package body almost in a vacuum state.
[0020]
As a result, not only can the compressed and sealed-packed wastes be stacked and closely packed into the disposal space to effectively utilize the limited disposal space, but also after the final disposal. It becomes possible to prevent the external living environment from being contaminated by waste over a long period of time, for example, to cover the disposal space and make it into a field.
[0021]
In the waste treatment method according to the present invention, a step of packing the package with a binding material made of a stable plastic material may be further added after the exhausting step.
[0022]
That is, even if the waste is compression-molded and hermetically packaged in a substantially vacuum state, the shape of the package may collapse due to handling or the like until it is placed in the disposal space. Therefore, by packing the packaging body with a binding material after the exhausting step, handling can be facilitated and the shape of the packaging body can be maintained, and the packaging body can be stored in a disposal space in a tightly packed state. Therefore, there is no change in shape over a long period of time, and problems such as ground subsidence are less likely to occur even when a building is built with the disposal space as a landfill.
[0023]
The waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention used in the method as described above mainly includes a press apparatus, a packaging apparatus, and an air intake apparatus. Here, the press device compresses and compacts the waste finely crushed by, for example, a shredder as necessary, and the packaging device seals and packs the waste compacted body with a sealing packaging material. Package. The intake device sucks and exhausts the gas inside the package.
[0024]
The waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention may further include a packing device that packs the package body sucked by the suction device with a binding material. By packing the package with a binding material, the shape of the package can be maintained and the handleability can be improved.
[0025]
In the present invention, the press device, the packaging device, the intake device, and the packaging device described above are preferably installed in a factory as a series of continuous process line facilities, or installed on a movable vehicle.
[0026]
In the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the packaging apparatus can include a table and a packaging material abrasion damage preventing means, and the table is preferably a place for flatly deploying the packaging material in the vicinity of the outlet of the press apparatus. It is. Further, the packaging material abrasion damage preventing means is a smooth flat surface between the packaging material and the compression molded body when receiving the waste compression molded body discharged from the press device on the packaging material developed on the table. Temporarily place the material.
[0027]
This is because when the waste compression molded body discharged from the press apparatus is placed on a packaging material flatly developed on the table, the compression molded body discharged from the press apparatus is directly moved while being discharged. This is because, when guided on the packaging material, the packaging material may be scratched or torn by rubbing with the compression molded body. If the packaging material is scratched or torn, the packaging material This is because there is a possibility that pollutants due to internal waste may leak from that portion.
[0028]
For this reason, before placing the compression molded product on the packaging material, a smooth flat material is interposed on the packaging material by means of the packaging material abrasion damage prevention means, and the compression molded product is discharged from the pressing device onto the flat material. To do. Thereby, there is no possibility that the packaging material will be damaged or torn, and it becomes possible to prevent the leakage of contaminants from the waste packaging body over a long period of time.
[0029]
After the compression molded body is placed on the planar material, the packaging material abrasion damage preventing means pulls out the planar material, thereby the compression molded body is placed directly on the packaging material, The drawn flat material is reused for the next press-formed body. The flat material is not particularly limited as long as it is a smooth material such as a stainless copper plate or a plastic plate. A slide pallet in which a plurality of rolls and balls are rotatably arranged on the surface may be used as the flat member.
[0030]
In the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the packaging device can include a sealing device that seals the packaging material after the compression molded body is packaged. As the sealing device, for example, the packaging material is heated or welded. It is a fusing device for high-frequency welding, or an adhesive application device is provided.
[0031]
In the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the press device preferably includes a first press, a second press, and a return prevention mechanism.
[0032]
Here, the first press first compresses the input waste in the first direction, and the second press compresses the waste compressed in the first direction in the second direction orthogonal to the first direction. Further compression in the direction, preferably at higher pressures. The return blocking mechanism mechanically locks the first press in its compressed position during operation of the second press.
[0033]
The first press and the second press operate in directions orthogonal to each other. The sequence of operation is that the first press is activated and then the second press is activated.
[0034]
During the operation of the second press, the press ram front surface of the first press forms the wall surface of the press chamber of the second press, so that the reaction force from the waste compressed by the second press is applied to the first press. Acts as a push-back force. In order to support the first press against this pushing back force, it is conceivable to supply holding pressure to the hydraulic cylinder device constituting the drive system of the first press. In this case, however, the hydraulic drive source of the first press is excessively increased. Installation burden and energy consumption are inevitable.
[0035]
On the other hand, the return prevention mechanism mechanically locks the first press in the compression position during the operation of the second press, so that the first press is pushed back regardless of the drive system of the first press. Can be prevented. This return prevention mechanism automatically performs a locking operation at the stroke end of the first press, and after the compression process by the second press is completed, the pressing device locks with the operation of discharging the compression molded body. To release.
[0036]
【Example】
1 (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) show steps of a waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, description will be made below assuming that the process proceeds in the order of (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e).
[0037]
In FIG. 1A, the crushed waste 3 conveyed by the belt conveyor 2 is continuously put into the press device 4. The thrown-in waste 3 is pressed and compacted by a pressing device 4 into a square compression molded body (hereinafter referred to as “waste cube”) 5. The waste cube 5 is then discharged from the press device 4 and placed on a plastic waterproof sheet (packaging material) 6.
[0038]
Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the waterproof sheet 6 is folded so as to cover the waste cube 5 by an automatic packaging device (not shown), and thereafter, the waterproof sheet is shown in FIG. 1 (c). The opposite edges of 6 are heat welded by the heat welding device 7a, and the waste cube 5 is sealed and packaged by the waterproof sheet 6 except for the nozzle insertion portion of the vacuum compressor (intake device) 40 shown in FIG. The The method of hermetic packaging is not limited to heat welding, and may be bonded with an adhesive.
[0039]
Next, in FIG.1 (d), the gas inside the package formed by sealing and packaging the waste cube 5 is sucked and exhausted by the vacuum compressor 40, and is almost in a vacuum state.
[0040]
This is because when gas (for example, air) remains inside the package, gas may be generated inside the package due to growth of microorganisms or corrosion.
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 1D, by generating and exhausting the gas inside the package with a vacuum compressor 40, generation of internal gas after final disposal can be avoided.
[0042]
In addition, after the inside of the package body is almost evacuated by the vacuum compressor 40, the nozzle of the vacuum compressor 40 is pulled out, and then the waterproof sheet of the portion where the nozzle has been inserted as described in FIG. Needless to say, the edges of 6 are heat welded and fully sealed.
[0043]
Next, in FIG.1 (e), a sealed packaging body (refer FIG.1 (d)) is packed with the binding material 8a with an automatic packing machine, and a sealed packaging body is made into the packing waste cube 8b.
[0044]
By processing in this way, the package of compressed waste that has been sealed and packed is stacked while being aligned by normal crane operation, etc., and packed tightly in the waste disposal space, making limited waste final disposal space effective Not only can it be used, it is possible to prevent contamination of the external living environment by waste over a long period of time.
[0045]
FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of a waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, (a) shows the configuration of the side surface, and (b) shows the configuration of the plane. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the waste disposal apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a press device 4, a packaging device 7, a packaging device 8, and a vacuum compressor (intake device) 40. Yes.
[0046]
The press device 4 includes a rectangular press chamber 23 having an inlet 21 into which the waste 3 is introduced. The upper part of the inlet 21 is covered with a duct 22 whose diameter is increased downward.
[0047]
A press ram 24 constituting a first press is disposed in the press chamber 23, and a piston rod 26 of a first hydraulic cylinder device 25 is connected to the ram 24, and the ram 24 is placed in the press chamber 23 by hydraulic drive. To move to the left in the figure and return to the opposite direction. When the first press ram 24 moves in the press chamber as the first hydraulic cylinder device 25 is driven, an opening along the upper wall of the press chamber 23 so as to shield the opening of the charging port 21. A shielding plate 27 is provided, and a sliding plate 28 is provided along the lower wall of the press chamber.
[0048]
A ram 32 of a second press that moves in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the ram 24 is disposed at the stroke advance end of the ram 24, and the piston rod 31 of the second hydraulic cylinder device 30 is connected to the ram 32. Has been. Also, a waste cube discharge port 33 is disposed at the stroke advance end of the ram 32 of the second press, and this discharge port is covered with a discharge door 34 that can be opened and closed.
[0049]
A plurality of through holes 35 are provided on the upper, lower, left and right side wall surfaces of the press chamber 23, particularly in the high compression region. This through-hole 35 is for discharging the liquid contained in the waste out of the press chamber 23 during compression by the first press and the second press.
[0050]
The packaging device 7 provided adjacent to the discharge port 33 includes a table 7b for flatly spreading a waterproof sheet (packaging material; not shown), a smooth stainless steel plate 7c, and a heat welding device 7a. I have.
[0051]
The stainless steel plate 7c has a size equal to or larger than the bottom area of the compression molded body that is molded and discharged from the pressing device 4, and is automatically put in and out by a mechanism (not shown).
[0052]
In the waste disposal apparatus according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the waste 3 put into the press chamber 23 is moved to the press chamber side of the first press ram 24 by driving the first hydraulic cylinder device 25. By pressing, it is pressed to the opposite wall side. At this time, the inlet 21 is closed by the opening shielding plate 27 integral with the ram 24. During this time, the waste 3 continues to be put into the duct 22 by the conveyor 2, but this waste is held inside the duct 22 until the shielding plate 27 opens the inlet 21 and spills out of the press device 4. There is nothing. Further, since the duct 22 has an internal shape that spreads downward toward the input port 21, the waste 3 accumulated on the shielding plate 27 does not form a bridge and clog the upper portion of the input port.
[0053]
When the first press ram 24 presses the waste to the stroke forward end, the waste pressed to this state is further pressed in the orthogonal direction by the operation of the second press ram 32 by driving the second hydraulic cylinder device 30. The waste cube 5 is compressed to a predetermined size and shape. Thereafter, the waste cube 5 is discharged onto the table 7 outside the press device 4 by opening the discharge door 34 and pushing the second press ram 32 from the discharge port 33.
[0054]
In order to mechanically prevent the first press ram 21 from being pushed back when the second press ram 32 compresses the waste, a locking pin for mechanically locking the first press ram 24 at the stroke forward end. 50a is automatically inserted into the through hole 50b on the wall surface of the press chamber by, for example, a spring force.
[0055]
When the second press ram 32 finishes the pressurizing operation and the discharge door 34 is opened and the discharge operation is completed, the locking pin 50a constituting such a return prevention mechanism is penetrated by, for example, a hydraulic cylinder device or a conductive device. The first press ram 24 is automatically released from the hole 50b and can be returned by the first hydraulic cylinder device 25.
[0056]
When the waste cube 5 is discharged out of the press device 4, it is placed on a waterproof sheet (not shown) disposed in front of the discharge port 33. At this time, prior to discharge The stainless steel plate 7c is automatically arranged on the waterproof sheet, and the waste cube 5 discharged from the press device 4 is placed on the stainless steel plate 7a on the waterproof sheet. This prevents direct rubbing between the waste cube 5 and the waterproof sheet.
[0057]
Thereafter, the stainless steel plate 7c is pulled out from between the waterproof sheet and the waste cube 5, and as a result, the waste cube 5 can be placed on the waterproof sheet without damaging the waterproof sheet.
[0058]
Next, the waste cube 5 is wrapped with a waterproof sheet by the packaging device 7a, and the nozzle of the vacuum compressor 40 is inserted. Thereafter, except for the nozzle insertion portion, the joint of the waterproof sheet is thermally welded by the heat welding device 7a, and the waste cube 5 is temporarily sealed and packaged by the waterproof sheet. In this state, when the vacuum compressor 40 is operated and the gas inside the package is sucked and exhausted from the nozzle portion, the nozzle is removed and the portion is thermally welded to be completely sealed.
[0059]
Next, the hermetically sealed package is packed with a binding material by the packing device 8 to form a packing waste cube 8b.
[0060]
Thereafter, the packing waste cube 8b is loaded into the waste disposal space by a crane or a forklift as shown in FIG. Thereby, the limited waste final disposal space can be used effectively. In addition, because the waste is firmly pressed, there is little change in volume over the long term, and even if a building is built with the waste disposal space above the landfill, subsidence of the ground may occur. Almost no. In addition, the waste cube is packed in a completely sealed state by a waterproof sheet, and the inside is exhausted near a vacuum state so that no pollutant is leaked and no spoilage gas is generated from the inside.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, since the present invention compresses and seals waste and seals and discharges the internal gas of the sealed package, the limited waste final disposal space can be used effectively. In addition, because the waste is firmly compacted, there is little change in volume over the long term, and the compressed waste is sealed and wrapped to remove internal gas, so a managed waste treatment facility As a method and apparatus suitable for final disposal, there is an excellent effect that there is almost no possibility of adversely affecting the living environment due to waste.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of a waste disposal method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of a waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is an explanatory diagram showing a side configuration, and (b) is an explanatory diagram showing a planar configuration.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a storage state in a waste disposal site of a packing waste cube finally discharged by a waste disposal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 ... belt conveyor 3 ... waste 4 ... pressing device 5 ... waste cube 6 ... waterproof sheet 7 ... packaging device 8 ... packing device 21 ... loading port 22 ... duct 23 ... press chamber 24 ... first press ram 25 ... first hydraulic pressure Cylinder device 26 ... piston rod 27 ... opening shielding plate 28 ... sliding plate 30 ... second hydraulic cylinder device 31 ... piston rod 32 ... second press ram 33 ... discharge port 34 ... discharge door 35 ... through hole 40 ... vacuum compressor ( Intake device)
50a, 50b ... Return prevention mechanism

Claims (6)

A step of compression-molding the waste, a step of sealing and packaging the compression-molded product of the waste with a packaging material, a step of sucking and exhausting the internal gas of the package, and a step of exhausting A waste disposal apparatus for use in a waste disposal method comprising a step of stacking a subsequent package in a disposal space of a managed waste disposal facility,
A pressing device for compressing molding the waste,
A packaging device in which the waste compression-molded body is hermetically packaged with a sealing packaging material to form a package;
An air intake device that sucks and exhausts the gas inside the package , and
The packaging device comprises:
A table for spreading the packaging material flatly;
When receiving the waste compression molded product discharged from the press device on the packaging material developed on the table, a smooth flat material is interposed between the packaging material and the compression molded product to prevent scratching the packaging material. Means,
Waste treatment apparatus characterized in that it comprises. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a packaging device that packages the package sucked by the suction device with a binding material. The waste processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the packaging device includes a sealing device that seals the packaging material after the compression molded body is packaged. The packaging material is heat-welded or high-frequency welded,
4. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the sealing device includes a device for heat welding or high frequency welding . The waste processing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the sealing device includes an adhesive application device. The pressing device is
A first press for compressing waste in a first direction;
A second press for further compressing the waste compressed in the first direction in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction;
A return blocking mechanism that mechanically locks the first press in the compressed position during operation of the second press;
The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1 , comprising:

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