JP3694141B2 - Garbage sorting system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a garbage sorting system that sorts out garbage generated in trains, as well as garbage generated in station premises and highway service stations, and collects valuable materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as shown in JP-A-58-40180, as a garbage sorting system, various kinds of garbage are crushed to a predetermined size by a crusher, and then a specific gravity difference is utilized by a wind sorter. There is provided a configuration in which combustible waste that is light and light and non-combustible waste that is heavy are sorted, and further, non-burnable waste is sorted into glass, iron, aluminum, and synthetic resin.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as in the above conventional garbage sorting system, those that sort out various kinds of garbage suddenly by wind power require large-scale pneumatic transportation means, cyclones, dust collectors, etc., and garbage separated as non-burnable garbage There was a problem that a large amount of combustible waste was contained in the inside and the sorting accuracy was poor.
[0004]
Furthermore, when the garbage is compressed at the time of collection, there is a problem that it cannot be sufficiently sorted even if it is suddenly passed through a sorter.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The waste sorting system according to claim 1 of the present invention has upper and lower two-stage transport passages, the upper transport path is composed of a comb-like body, and the lower-stage transport path is below the middle part of the comb-like body. toward the downstream side of the combs is constituted by a conveying surface that extends from, the inclined plate below the comb body that becomes the upstream side of the conveying surface toward the opposite side of the conveying direction And a blower that injects air toward the upper surface of the inclined plate in the vicinity of the lower end of the inclined plate. A first sorting device that sorts small incombustibles such as bottle fragments and other waste from crushed waste that has been previously crushed, and a second that sorts iron from the other waste sorted by the first sorting device. Sorted by sorting device and second sorting device It is obtained by a third sorting unit for sorting aluminum compounds from waste other than kind.
[0006]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waste sorting system in which a loosening means for loosening the compressed crushed waste is provided in the first sorting device or its pre-process .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0008]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a garbage sorting system according to the present invention.
[0009]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an acceptance storage drum, and for example, garbage collected in a train or a station premises is carried into the acceptance storage drum 1. The garbage carried into the receiving and storing drum 1 is crushed garbage previously crushed to a predetermined size, and this crushed garbage is compressed.
[0010]
Reference numeral 2 denotes a hopper that receives crushed garbage carried out from the receiving storage drum 1, and a receiving end of the receiving conveyor 3 is connected to the discharge port of the hopper 2.
[0011]
The carry-out end of the receiving conveyor 3 is connected to the first sorting device 4.
[0012]
The first sorting device 4 sorts small incombustible waste (incombustible material) such as bottle fragments from crushed waste supplied from the receiving conveyor 3 and other waste, and the sorted small incombustible waste is a cullet described later. While being discharged into the receiving box, other garbage is carried out to the discharge conveyor 5. The specific configuration of the first sorting device 4 will be described later.
[0013]
6 is a magnetic separator as a second sorting device, which sorts irons such as iron cans from the other sorted garbage. The magnetic separator 6 is disposed above the conveying surface of the sorting conveyor 7 that is connected to the discharge conveyor 5.
[0014]
Then, after the iron selected by the magnetic separator 6 is compressed by the iron can press device 8, it is appropriately transported to a can recycling factory or the like by transport means such as a truck as a valuable resource for recycling.
[0015]
Reference numeral 9 denotes an aluminum sorter as a third sorter, which is provided in the vicinity of the carry-out end of the sorter conveyor 7 and sorts aluminum such as an aluminum can from garbage other than iron sorted by the magnetic separator 6. Aluminum such as aluminum cans sorted by the aluminum sorter 9 is compressed by the aluminum can press device 10 and then appropriately transported to a can recycling plant or the like by transport means such as trucks as valuable resources for recycling. The
[0016]
Garbage other than aluminum sorted by the aluminum sorter 9 is stored in the discharge storage drum 12 via the combustible material conveyor 11 as combustible waste.
[0017]
The combustible waste stored in the discharge storage drum 12 is sequentially discharged to a transportation means such as a truck and appropriately transported to an incinerator, or the combustible waste is generated as pulverized fuel as a valuable material. Transported to treatment plant.
[0018]
Reference numeral 13 in FIG. 1 is a frame used when an operator further sorts incombustible waste from combustible waste conveyed by the combustible material conveyor 11.
[0019]
Next, processing of crushed garbage by the garbage sorting system configured as described above will be briefly described.
[0020]
Garbage discharged from trains, stations, etc. is housed in garbage trucks and transported to a garbage disposal site where it is crushed to a predetermined size by a crusher (not shown) and once received and stored. 1 is stored.
[0021]
The receiving and storing drum 1 sequentially puts the crushed garbage stored in the hopper 2, and the crushed garbage put into the hopper 2 is carried into the first sorting device 4 through the receiving conveyor 3.
[0022]
The first sorting device 4 sorts the crushed garbage into small incombustible waste such as bottle fragments and other waste, and the small incombustible waste is discharged into a cullet receiving box described later and removed outside the processing process. It is conveyed to the magnetic separator 6 by the discharge conveyor 5 and the sorting conveyor 7.
[0023]
In the magnetic separator 6, irons such as iron cans are selected from these other wastes, and these irons are conveyed to the iron can press device 8 and compressed by the iron can press device 8.
[0024]
On the other hand, the remaining garbage that has passed through the magnetic separator 6 is conveyed to an aluminum sorter 9 on a sorting conveyor 7, where the aluminum sorter 9 sorts aluminum such as an aluminum can, and the aluminum is an aluminum can press device. 10 and is compressed.
[0025]
Further, waste other than aluminum sorted by the aluminum sorter 9 is carried to the combustible material conveyor 11 as combustible waste, and is carried into the discharge storage drum 12 by the combustible material conveyor 11 for storage. 12 are sequentially discharged.
[0026]
Here, the garbage carried to the combustible material conveyor 11 is combustible waste. The incombustible waste such as the bottle is crushed into small pieces by the above-described pre-crushing, and the crushed small incombustible waste is the first sorting. This is because it is sorted by the device 4.
[0027]
In this way, it is possible to accurately select small incombustible materials such as pieces of bottles, irons, aluminums, and combustible wastes that have been crushed by crushing and become small from crushed waste that has been crushed in advance.
[0028]
Further, when being transported by the combustible material conveyor 11, further sorting is performed by an operator, and sorting is performed with higher accuracy by removing non-burning waste mixed in the combustible waste by the worker's sorting. Can do.
[0029]
As described above, since the non-burning waste that has been crushed and reduced in advance is almost removed by the first sorting device 4 as described above, the worker can easily remove the non-burning waste. It can be done and is safe.
[0030]
Next, a specific configuration of the first sorting device 4 described above will be described.
[0031]
3 to 6 show a specific configuration of the first sorting device 4.
[0032]
This first sorting device 4 has two upper and lower transport passages, the upper transport passage is composed of a comb-like body 41, and the lower transport passage is a comb-like shape from below the middle part of the comb-like body 41. It is composed of a conveying surface 42 extending to the tip side from the body 41, and an inclined plate 43 is provided on the upstream side of the conveying surface 42 in the conveying direction.
[0033]
In the conveyance path configured as described above, the left side in FIG. 3 is formed in the input part A for inputting garbage, and the right side is formed in the discharge part B for discharging garbage.
[0034]
The conveying surface 42 vibrates due to an exciting motion by a vibrating device 421 provided in the apparatus main body, and the waste is conveyed to the discharge unit B side by this vibration.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 4, the comb-like body 41 is formed in a comb shape in which a plurality of rods 412 are extended from the main body portion 411, and these rods 412 extend substantially horizontally to the discharge portion B side. It is installed.
[0036]
The interval H between the adjacent rods 412 is set to a size that allows passage of small incombustible waste such as bottle fragments supplied to the comb-like body 41 by the receiving conveyor 3 described above.
[0037]
The comb-shaped body 41 is connected to the apparatus main body provided with the vibration exciting device 421, and vibrates with the transport surface 42 by the vibration motion by the vibration exciting device 421. The supported garbage is conveyed to the tip of the rod 412 on the discharge part B side.
[0038]
A plurality of protrusions 412 a are provided in a sawtooth shape on the upper surface of the rod 412 of the comb-like body 41. The plurality of protrusions 412a constitute a loosening means for loosening the compressed crushed garbage supplied from the receiving conveyor 3 described above, and the mass of the crushed garbage is effectively removed by the vibration of the protrusion 412a by the vibration exciter 421. Relax.
[0039]
The protrusion 412a is not limited to the pointed tip as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, but may be formed with a flat tip.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 3, the upper portion of the main body portion 411 is formed in the loading portion A, and a hopper 44 is provided in the loading portion A.
[0041]
An unloading end of the receiving conveyor 3 is disposed at the upper loading port 441 of the hopper 44, and the garbage unloaded from the receiving conveyor 3 is loaded onto the main body 411 of the comb-shaped body 41 from the discharging port 442 formed in the lower portion. .
[0042]
The inclined plate 43 is disposed below the comb-like body 41 as shown in FIG. The inclined plate 43 has an upper end 43a that is rotatably supported and a lower end 43b that is supported by an angle adjusting member 432, whereby the inclined surface 431 that is the upper surface is inclined upward toward the discharge portion B side. It is arranged to become.
[0043]
The angle adjusting member 432 is slidably arranged on the apparatus main body, for example, so that the support position of the lower end 43b of the inclined plate 43 is variable in the vertical direction, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface 431 is variable. can do.
[0044]
An upper end 43a of the inclined plate 43 is slightly disposed O over burlap the edge above the feeding section A side of the conveying surface 42. Further, the tip of the rod 412 is disposed so as to extend to the discharge part B side with respect to the upper end 43a of the inclined plate 43, and set so that dust falls directly onto the conveying surface 42 from the tip of the rod 412. Has been.
[0045]
Below the lower end 43b of the inclined plate 43, a cullet receiving box 433 for accommodating small incombustible waste such as a bottle fragment discharged from the lower end 43b of the inclined plate 43 is disposed.
[0046]
Further, an air blower 435 is disposed near the upper end of the lower end 43 b of the inclined plate 43. The blower 435 is configured to inject air from the nozzle 436 toward the upper end 43 a side (discharge portion B side) of the inclined plate 43 and toward the inclined surface 431 of the inclined plate 43.
[0047]
The blower 435 is attached so that the injection angle of the nozzle 436 can be adjusted. Specifically, the spraying angle of the nozzle 436 can be adjusted by variably attaching the blower 435 itself, or only the nozzle 436 can be angled with respect to the blower 435. Reference numeral 437 denotes a blower and 438 denotes an air volume adjusting valve.
[0048]
The discharge conveyor 5 described above is provided below the carry-out end of the transfer surface 42 that becomes the discharge portion B.
[0049]
A feeding device 45 is provided above the comb-like body 1.
[0050]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the feed device 45 includes a plurality of swing arms 451 and a drive device 46 that drives the plurality of swing arms 451.
[0051]
The rocking arm 451 is formed in a hook-like shape downward and can be reciprocated in the extending direction of the rod 412 of the comb-like body 41 by the driving device 46, and its tip is comb-like. It is configured to be insertable between rods 412 of the body 41.
[0052]
The drive device 46 is supported along a guide rail 461 in parallel with the rod 412 of the comb-like body 41 so as to freely reciprocate, and is pivotally supported on the front and back of the support table 462, and the swing arm Two shaft members 463 and 463 each having a base end of 451 fixed thereto, a swing cylinder 464 (see FIG. 6) for swinging the swing arm 451 up and down via the two shaft members 463, It comprises reciprocating drive means 465 connected to the support base 462.
[0053]
The swing cylinder 464 has its telescopic rod connected to the two shaft members 463 and 463 via a connecting arm 464a, and the shaft members 463 are operated by extending and contracting these swing cylinders 464 in synchronization. A plurality of oscillating arms 451 provided on the swaying oscillate in the vertical direction.
[0054]
The reciprocating drive means 465 connects the tip of the rotating body 466 horizontally rotated by the motor 466a and the support base 462 with a connecting rod 467, and converts the rotational motion of the rotating body 466 into reciprocating motion via the connecting rod 467. Things are used.
[0055]
The swing arm 451 of the feeding device 45 configured as described above is continuously smoothed by the above-described swing cylinder 464 and the reciprocating drive means 465 with the strokes (1) to (5) shown below as one cycle. Exercise.
[0056]
{Circle around (1)} A stroke that is rotationally arranged at the uppermost position in the forefront that is closest to the charging portion A (see the solid line in FIG. 3).
[0057]
{Circle around (2)} A step of swinging from the top to the bottom and inserting between the rods 412 of the comb-like body 1 (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 3).
[0058]
(3) A process of moving to the end closest to the discharge part B side while holding the lowermost part (see a two-dot chain line in FIG. 5).
[0059]
(4) In the last direction, the process of swinging from the lowermost to the uppermost.
[0060]
(5) A process of holding the top and moving from the rearmost to the forefront.
[0061]
Next, the operation of the first sorting device 4 configured as described above will be described.
[0062]
Garbage that has been previously crushed and compressed by the crusher is fed from the receiving storage drum 1 through the hopper 2 and the receiving conveyor 3 to the comb-like body 41 from the discharge port 442 of the hopper 44 as described above.
[0063]
In the comb-like body 41, the crushed garbage is supported on each rod 412, and conveyed to the distal end side (the discharge part B side) while supporting the crushed garbage by the vibration of the vibrating device 421. At this time, since the protrusions 412a are provided in a sawtooth shape on each rod 412, the crushed garbage is supported on the protrusions 412a, and the crushed garbage is effectively removed by the vibration of the vibrating device 421. Can be transported while loosening.
[0064]
Here, among the crushed garbage that has been crushed by the crusher and put on the comb-like body 41 as described above, small incombustible waste such as a piece of bottle passes between the rods 412 and is inclined downward. It falls on the plate 43.
[0065]
Further, crushed garbage larger than the interval H between the rods 412 is transported to the tip while being supported on the rods 412, and falls from the tip to the transport surface 42 below.
[0066]
In the inclined plate 43, the small noncombustible waste (including crushed waste other than the small noncombustible waste) that has fallen due to the vibration action of the vibration device 421 is to be conveyed to the upper end 43 a side of the inclined surface 431. The incombustible waste having a large specific gravity and a small frictional force among the fallen crushed waste is caused to slide down to the lower end 43b side as it is, and is discharged to the cullet receiving box 433.
[0067]
Further, other crushed garbage, such as combustible garbage having a small specific gravity, climbs the inclined surface 431 by the vibration action of the inclined plate 43, falls from the upper end 43a to the conveying surface 42, and falls from the tip of the comb-like body 41. At the same time, the vibration on the conveying surface 42 is conveyed to the discharge unit B by the vibration of the vibrating device 421, and is discharged from the discharge unit B to the discharge conveyor 5.
[0068]
However, as described above, the crushing garbage climbs the inclined surface 431 and is supplied to the conveying surface 42 when the properties of the crushing garbage and the arrangement of each garbage on the inclined plate 43 are in an ideal state. Actually, there are combustible wastes that contain water and have a high specific gravity, and wastes that fall on the inclined plate 43 with the small incombustible wastes on the top.
[0069]
Such dust slides on the inclined plate 43 and is discharged from the lower end 43b to the cullet receiving box 433. At the lower end 43b of the inclined plate 43, the air is directed toward the inclined surface 431 from the nozzle 436 of the blower 435. Since the fuel is injected to the upper end 43a side of 43, combustible garbage other than the smaller non-combustible waste is blown off to the discharge part B side by this injection to prevent discharge to the cullet receiving box 433.
[0070]
Therefore, only small incombustible waste is discharged to the cullet receiving box 433, and mixing of other garbage such as combustible waste into the cullet receiving box 433 can be prevented.
[0071]
As described above, by performing the sorting using the specific gravity difference by the blower 435, it is possible to sort out the small incombustible waste with high accuracy, the subsequent sorting work can be easily performed, and the sorting is performed quickly. Therefore, the sorting capability of the entire garbage sorting system can be enhanced and the sorting can be performed efficiently.
[0072]
The above-mentioned small non-combustible waste is removed from the garbage in advance. If small non-combustible waste such as bottle fragments is mixed in the waste, the safety of workers in the sorting of non-combustible waste and combustible waste will be performed later. This is because the above problem and the accuracy of sorting by a wind sorting device or the like are reduced, and the work becomes complicated.
[0073]
Furthermore, when the crushed garbage is transported on the comb-shaped body 41 described above, the crushed garbage is not sandwiched between the rods 412 of the comb-shaped body 41 and is not transported.
[0074]
In this case, the crushed garbage sandwiched between the rods 412 is forcibly conveyed by the feeding device 45 operating together with the above-described sorting operation. Specifically, the rocking arm 451 is continuously moving smoothly in the above-described steps (1) to (5) as one cycle, so that the crushing between the rods 412 at the tip of the rocking arm 451 is performed. The garbage is forcibly sent to the tip side, and the crushed garbage on the comb-like body 41 is smoothly conveyed.
[0075]
By forcibly sending the crushed garbage sandwiched between the rods 412 in this way, the operation can be performed efficiently without interrupting the operation of the apparatus.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the waste sorting system of the present invention, small incombustibles such as pieces of bottles, irons, aluminum, combustible wastes, etc. Can be sorted accurately. In addition, since the small incombustible material is removed in advance by the first sorting device, the sorting operation can be performed easily and safely even when the worker performs the work of further removing the incombustible material in the subsequent process.
[0077]
Moreover, since the crushing waste supplied after being compressed is loosened in advance by the loosening means and sorted by the first sorting device, sorting of small incombustibles can be performed with higher accuracy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic overall configuration of a garbage sorting system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining processing of crushed garbage by the garbage sorting system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view showing an overall schematic configuration of the first sorting device.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a configuration of a comb-like body.
FIG. 5 is a side view showing configurations of an inclined plate and a feeding device.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a configuration of a feeding device.
[Explanation of symbols]
4 First sorter 6 Magnetic sorter (second sorter)
9 Aluminum sorter (third sorter)
412a Protrusion (unraveling means)

Claims (2)

Has a transport path of the upper and lower stages, with upper transport path is composed of a comb-like body, the lower transport path of toward the downstream side of the combs in the middle subordinate side of the combs It is composed of an extended conveying surface, and the inclined plate is inclined downward toward the opposite side of the conveying direction below the comb-like body, which is upstream in the conveying direction of the conveying surface, and its upper end is the conveying An air blower for injecting air toward the upper surface of the inclined plate is provided in the vicinity of the lower end of the inclined plate so as to overlap with the upstream side of the surface. A first sorting device for sorting small incombustibles such as and other garbage;
A second sorting device for sorting iron from other garbage sorted by the first sorting device;
A garbage sorting system comprising: a third sorting device for sorting aluminum from garbage other than iron sorted by the second sorting device.   2. The garbage sorting system according to claim 1, wherein a loosening means for loosening the compressed crushed garbage is provided in the first sorting apparatus or a preceding process thereof.

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