JP3605158B2 - HIV protease inhibitor - Google Patents

HIV protease inhibitor Download PDF

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JP3605158B2
JP3605158B2 JP30620694A JP30620694A JP3605158B2 JP 3605158 B2 JP3605158 B2 JP 3605158B2 JP 30620694 A JP30620694 A JP 30620694A JP 30620694 A JP30620694 A JP 30620694A JP 3605158 B2 JP3605158 B2 JP 3605158B2
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hiv
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JPH08165274A (en
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達郎 豊田
紀洋 藤岡
民雄 藤原
直文 橋本
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Shionogi and Co Ltd
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Shionogi and Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
本発明は、HIVプロテアーゼに対する阻害活性を有し、HIV感染症の予防及び治療に有効な新規ノルスタチン誘導体に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術と発明が解決すべき課題】
従来、後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)の治療には、免疫不全症ウイルス(HIV)のRNA逆転写酵素阻害剤や、プロテアーゼ阻害剤を用いることが提案されてきた。これらの内、プロテアーゼ阻害剤の活性成分として、種々のペプチド誘導体が開示されている(例えば、特開平2−117615号公報、特開平2−202898号公報、特開平2−202899号公報、特開平2−204475号公報、特開平5−78311号公報、特開平5−170722号公報、特開平5−178824号公報、特開平6−100533号公報、及びWO93/3066など)。特に、ペプチド中にヒドロキシアミノ酸アイソスターとしてβ−アミノ−α−ヒドロキシカルボン酸基を有する誘導体が注目されている(EP0490667A2、特開平5−170722号公報、特開平5−178824号公報、及びWO93/3066など)。
しかしながら、経口投与に際する吸収率、代謝的な安定性、リンパ節への移行性、HIVプロテアーゼとの親和性など、特に経口投与に際する吸収率の点で問題があり、AIDSなどのHIV感染症の治療又は予防を適切に行うためには、さらに多くの化合物を開発し、臨床適用の可否を調べる必要がある。
【0003】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の問題を解消し得る、HIVプロテアーゼ阻害活性を有する新規な化合物を提供することを目的として、鋭意検討した結果、式I:
【化4】

Figure 0003605158
(式中、Rは置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよいヘテロ環基、又は置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールアルキル;Rはフッ素で置換された低級アルキル又はフッ素で置換されたアルキルチオ、R及びRはそれぞれ独立して水素又は低級アルキル、X はS、SO又はCHを表す)
で示される化合物又はその塩がこの目的の達成に適することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0004】
本明細書中、フッ素で置換された低級アルキルとは、1個又はそれ以上の水素原子が1個又はそれ以上のフッ素原子で置換されている、直鎖又は分枝状の炭素数1〜8のアルキルを意味する。本発明の目的から、フッ素で置換された直鎖又は分枝状の炭素数1〜6のアルキルが好ましく、具体的にはトリフルオロメチル、トリフルオロエチル等が例示される。
【0005】
また、フッ素で置換されたアルキルチオとは、炭化水素鎖における炭素原子が硫黄原子で置換され、かつ、1個又はそれ以上の水素原子が1個又はそれ以上のフッ素原子で置換された基を意味し、例えば、トリフルオロメチルチオ、トリフルオロエチルチオ等を例示することができる。
「低級アルキル」とは、直鎖又は分枝状の炭素数1〜8のアルキルを意味する。例えばメチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル等が例示される。
「アリール」とは、炭素原子数6〜12の芳香環基を意味し例えばフェニル、及びナフチル等が挙げられる。
「置換されていてもよいアリール」における置換基としては、低級アルキル、ハロゲン、ニトロ、アミノ、水酸基、アルコキシ、アラルキルオキシ、トリフルオロメチル、フェニル等が挙げられる。ここに低級アルキル及びハロゲンは上記定義に従うが、中でもメチル、フッ素及び塩素が特に好ましい。例えば、トリル、キシリル、ビフェニル等が例示される。
「ヘテロ環基」とは、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は窒素原子を任意に環内に1個以上含み、炭素環と縮合していてもよい環を意味する。ピリジル、トリアゾリル(例えば1,2,3−トリアゾリル又は1,2,4−トリアゾリル)、チアジアゾリル(例えば1,2,3−チアジアゾリル又は1,2,4−チアジアゾリル)、テトラゾリル、キノリル及びイソキノリルを挙げることができ、キノリル及びキソキノリルが好ましい。
「置換されていてもよいヘテロ環」における置換基としては、メチル、エチル等の低級アルキル、トリフルオロメチルを挙げることができる。
「ヘテロアリールアルキル」とは、キノリルメチル、キノリルエチル、イソキノリルメチル、イソキノリルエチル等が挙げられる。置換基としては、「置換されていてもよいヘテロ環」における置換基と同様である。
【0006】
式Iの化合物の塩は、薬学的に許容し得る塩であって、塩酸、硝酸、りん酸、硫酸、臭化水素酸、沃化水素酸、亜硝酸、亜りん酸等の無機酸から導かれる塩、及び脂肪族モノー及びジカルボン酸、フェニル−置換アルカン酸、ヒドロキシ−アルカン一酸及びアルカン二酸、芳香族酸並びに脂肪族及び芳香族スルホン酸等の無毒な有機酸から導かれる塩が含まれる。このような薬学的に許容し得る酸付加塩には、硫酸塩、ピロ硫酸塩、重硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩、重亜硫酸塩、硝酸塩、りん酸塩、第2りん酸塩、第1りん酸塩、メタりん酸塩、ピロりん酸塩、塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、沃化水素酸塩、弗化水素酸塩、酢酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、デカン酸塩、カプリル酸塩、アクリル酸塩、ギ酸塩、イソ酪酸塩、カプリン酸塩、ヘプタン酸塩、プロピオル酸塩、シュウ酸塩、マロン酸塩、コハク酸塩、スベリン酸塩、セバシン酸塩、フマル酸塩、マレイン酸塩、マンデル酸塩、ブチン−1,4−二酸塩、ヘキシン−1,6−二酸塩、安息香酸塩、クロロ安息香酸塩、メチル安息香酸塩、ジニトロ安息香酸塩、ヒドロキシ安息香酸塩、フタル酸塩、テレフタル酸塩、ベンゼンスルホン酸塩、トルエンスルホン酸塩、クロロベンゼンスルホン酸塩、キシレンスルホン酸塩、フェニル酢酸塩、フェニルプロピオン酸塩、フェニル酪酸塩、クエン酸塩、乳酸塩、β−ヒドロキシ酪酸塩、グリコール酸塩、リンゴ酸塩、酒石酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、プロパンスルホン酸塩、ナフタレン−1−スルホン酸塩、ナフタレン−2−スルホン酸塩及びその他の塩が含まれる。本発明にとって好ましいのは無機酸の塩であって、塩酸塩及び硝酸塩が特に好ましい。
【0007】
本発明化合物は、R基にフッ素原子を含有するために、従来の対応化合物に比較して、疎水性が増大し、HIVプロテアーゼとの親和性が高くなっていると共に、生体内でリンパ節に移行し易く、特に経口投与に際する吸収率が高いと予測される。
本発明の化合物Iは、後述する実験例に示すように、HIVプロテアーゼ阻害活性を有すると共に、HIV(HTLV−IIIB株)の感染抑制作用を示し、経口投与に際する吸収率が高くHIV感染症の予防及び治療に有用であると期待される。上記の定義で示される化合物Iのすべて上記の本発明の目的に有用であるが、中でも、Rが5−イソキノリル、Rがトリフルオロメチル、XがSである化合物がHIVプロテアーゼに対して強い阻害活性を有しており好ましい。
【0008】
本発明化合物は、当業者既知の方法を用いて製造することができる。
一般的な合成法として、縮合は、液相法により段階的に実施する。例えば、縮合剤として、HOBt/DCC或はHOBt/EDCの存在下、溶媒としてCHCl、DMF、THF、AcOEtの何れかを用いて行う。反応温度は−10℃〜30℃、好ましくは0℃〜25℃、反応時間は1〜16時間、好ましくは3〜5時間である。
中間体の脱保護は4N−HCl/ジオキサン或は6NaqHCl/ジオキサンを用い、反応温度0〜25℃、反応時間1〜3時間で実施する。
脱保護されたアミン成分は、塩酸を中和して遊離状態で取り出すか、或は溶媒を減圧留去後、当量の塩基(例えばTEA又はNMM)を加え、次の反応に使用してもよい。本発明化合物Iは例えば、以下の反応式に従って製造することができる。
【化21】
Figure 0003605158
1)化合物(a)の調製:市販品Bocアミノ酸とt−ブチルアミンの縮合及び脱保護
2)化合物(b)の調製:M.T.Reezeら、THL 29 3259(1988)記載3)化合物(e)の調製:T.Tushimaら、Tetrahedron 44(17)5375(1988)
4)化合物(f)の調製:R−OHとBrCHCOより誘導
【0009】
さらに、本発明化合物は、式II:
【化5】
Figure 0003605158
(式中、R、R、R、R及びX は上記の定義に従う)
で示される新規な化合物をpH7〜9において、20〜25℃で処理することにより、製造することができる。
化合物IIから、HIVプロテアーゼ阻害活性を有する化合物Iへの変換は、上記の反応条件及び後述の実施例3の記載から明らかなように、通常の生理的なpH及び温度範囲で起こる。このことは、化合物IIが、それ自身は抗プロテアーゼ活性を持たないが、ヒト等の対象に投与された場合、生体内の条件下で容易に活性な式Iの化合物に変換され得ることを示している。即ち、該化合物IIもまた、本発明の目的に適しており、本発明化合物Iの前駆物質あるいは分子内プロドラッグとして機能し得るものである。従って、化合物IIは本発明の範囲に含まれるものであり、該化合物I同様、任意の製剤学的に許容されるその塩もまた本発明の範囲に包含される。
【0010】
なお、このエステル型化合物IIは、水溶性であり、経口投与した場合は腸内で式Iの化合物に変換されて吸収され、また静脈投与した場合は血漿中で直ちに式Iの化合物に変換されて薬理効果を発揮するために、経口及び非経口投与のいずれにも有用である。
【0011】
本発明の化合物I又は化合物II、あるいはその塩を、HIV感染症の予防又は治療に用いるためには、経口又は非経口投与に適した製剤の形で投与する。経口投与による場合、本発明化合物は、通常の製剤、例えば、錠剤、散剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤等の固形剤;水剤;油性懸濁剤;又はシロップ剤もしくはエリキシル剤等の液剤のいずれかの剤形としても用いることができる。非経口投与による場合、本発明化合物は、水性又は油性懸濁注射剤として用いることができる。その調製に際しては、慣用の賦形剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、水性溶剤、油性溶剤、乳化剤、懸濁化剤等のいずれをも用いることができ、また他の添加剤、例えば保存剤、安定剤等を含むものであってもよい。
本発明化合物又はその塩の投与量は、投与方法、患者の年齢、体重、状態及び疾患の種類によっても異なるが、通常、経口的には、1日あたり3mg〜2g、好ましくは、10mg〜1gであり、これを1〜5回に分割して投与すればよい。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
実施例で使用する略語を以下に説明する。
TEA:トリエチルアミン
(Boc)O:ジ−t−ブチルカルボナート
N+:t−ブチルアミン
EDC(HCl):1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピルカーボジイミド塩酸塩
HOBt(HO):N−ヒドロキシベゾソトリアゾール 水和物
FmocOSU:9−フルオレニル−N−スクシンイミジルカーボナート
DIC:ジイソプロピルカーボジイミド
【0013】
製造例1
【化6】
Figure 0003605158
化合物(5.00g、37.55mmol)を、CHCl(50ml)に懸濁し、TEA(5.8ml、41.38mmol)を加え、撹拌下、室温にて(Boc)O(9.80g、44.9mmol)を加えて3時間反応する。反応液に水性NaHCOを加え、酸性部を転溶し、次いで塩基性溶液にクエン酸を加えてpH3とし、酢酸エチル(×3)抽出する。抽出液は合併して飽和NaCl(×2)で洗滌後、MgSOで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧留去し、化合物(7.2g、収率82.2%)を得た。
化合物(7.20g、3.09mmol)、t−ブチルアミン(3.89ml、3.70mmol)及びHOBt(4.84g、3.58mmol)をCHCl(40ml)に懸濁し、N気流中で氷冷撹拌下、EDC(7.1g、3.6mmol)を加え、1時間反応した後、室温にて一夜反応する。溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣に6N−HCl(50ml)−ジオキサン(20ml)を加え、5時間反応する。反応液はCHCl(×3)で洗滌した後、NaHCOでアルカリ性とし、CHCl(×3)で抽出し、化合物(5.80g、収率:定量的)を得た。
【0014】
製造例2
【化7】
Figure 0003605158
化合物11(Tetrahedron Letters,Vol.29,No.27,3295−3298(1988)に準じて製造)(4.77g、16.15mmol)、化合物(2.53g、13.44mmol)及びHOBt(2.18g、16.13mmol)をCHCl(30ml)−MeCN(10ml)に溶解し、N気流中、氷冷撹拌下、EDC(3.18g、16.14mmol)を加える。1時間後、室温にして16時間反応する。反応液は水性NaHCO(×2)、水、10%クエン酸(×2)及び水で順次、洗滌後、MgSOにて乾燥し、溶媒を減圧留去して、粗(2S,3S)(N−t−ブトキシカルボニル−3−アミノ−2−ヒドロキシ−4−フェニル−ブチリル)−L−チアゾリジン−4−カルボン酸 t−ブチルアミド(化合物23)(7.0g)を得た。
粗化合物23(7.00g)に4N−HCl/ジオキサン50mlを加え、撹拌下室温にて2時間反応する。溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣にCHCl(15ml)及び水(15ml)を加え、撹拌下、水性NaHCOにてpH8とし、析出した結晶を濾取し、mp213−215℃を示す化合物24(4.60g、収率93.7%)を得た。
【0015】
製造例3 (2S,3S)−N−(t−ブトキシカルボニル トリフルオロメチル−L−アラニル)−3−アミノ−2−ヒドロキシ−4−フェニル−ブチリル−L−チアゾリジン−4−カルボン酸−t−ブチルアミド(化合物25a)
【化8】
Figure 0003605158
化合物24(2.50g、6.84mol)、化合物18a(Tetrahedron Vol.44,No.17,5375−5387(1988)に従って製造)(2.00g、7.78mmol)及びHOBt(1.05g、7.77mmol)を、CHCl(30ml)及びMeCN(10ml)に懸濁し、N気流中、氷冷撹拌下、EDC(1.53g、7.77mmol)を加え、1時間(約30分で清澄液)、次いで室温にて2時間反応する。析出した結晶を濾取し、更にCHClで洗滌してmp215−217℃を示す結晶(3.627g、収率:87.7%)を得る。母液は水性NaHCOで洗滌後、MgSOにて乾燥し、溶媒を減圧留去して得た結晶性残渣をCHClでトリチュレートし、mp215−217℃を示す結晶(0.357g、収率:8.6%)を得る。生成物を合計し3.994g(収率:96.6%)を得た。
化合物18b及び18cを出発物質として用い、上記と同様に処理して対応する化合物25a(収率90%)及び25b(収率88%)を得た。
【化9】
Figure 0003605158
【0016】
製造例4
【化10】
Figure 0003605158
化合物25a(3.99g、6.60mmol)に4N−HCl/ジオキサン40mlを加え、撹拌下、室温にて2時間反応する。溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣に水を加えて溶解する。CHCl(10ml×3)にて洗滌後、NaHClOにてアルカリ性とし、5%MeOH/CHCl(25ml×3)で抽出する。CHCl溶液はMgSOにて乾燥した後、減圧留去し、残渣3.00g(収率:90.1%)を得た。
化合物25b(0.304g)及び化合物25c(0.260g)を用い、上記と同様に処理して対応する化合物26b(0.245g、収率96.1%)及び化合物26c(0.200g、収率91.3%)を得た。
【0017】
製造例5
【化11】
Figure 0003605158
アミン18a(約0.700g)を水性NaCO(8.9ml;NaCO5.30g/水100ml)及びMeCN(6ml)に溶解し、氷冷撹拌下、FmocOSU(1.522g、4.68mmol)のMeCN(12ml)溶液を加える。次いで、室温にて14時間反応する。反応液に水20mlを加え、析出している不溶物を濾別した後、N−HClを加えてpH3に調製し、酢酸エチル(30ml×3)で抽出する。酢酸エチル溶液は合併して飽和NaCl溶液(20ml×3)で洗滌後、MgSOで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧留去し、結晶性残渣(1.62g)を得た。CHCl:ヘキサン(1:5)混液から再結晶して、mp159−160℃を示す化合物27a(1.44g、収率85.2%)を得た。
製造例3に示した化合物18bのアミン(0.754g)及びFmocOSU(1.502g)を用いてmp127−128℃を示す無晶形化合物27b(1.42g、収率80%)を得た。
同様に、 製造例3に示した化合物18cのアミン(0.576g)及びFmocOSU(1.04g)を用いて無晶形化合物27c(0.960g、収率75.5%)を得た。
【0018】
製造例6
【化12】
Figure 0003605158
化合物27a(0.293g、0.77mmol)及びHOBt(0.115g、0.85mmol)をCHCl(3ml)及びDMF(1ml)に溶解し、N気流中、氷冷撹拌下DIC(0.14ml、0.644mmol)を加える。20分後、化合物23(0.800g、0.644mmol)/CHCl(2ml)溶液を加え、30分後、室温にして更に5時間反応する。溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣を酢酸エチルに溶解し、7%NaHCO(×2)及び飽和NaCl(×2)で洗滌後、MgSOにて乾燥する。溶媒を減圧留去して、粗生成物(0.75g)を得、シリカゲル(230−400メッシュ,120g)及び1%MeOH含有CHClを用いてクロマト処理し、化合物28a(無晶形)(0.508g、収率95.3%)を得た。
出発物質として化合物27b(0.180g)、HOBt(0.065g)、DIC(0.076ml)及び化合物23(0.70g)を用い、上記と同様に処理して化合物28b(無晶形)(0.238g、収率77.5%)を得た。
同様に、化合物27c(0.236g)、HOBt(0.083g)、DIC(0.096ml)及び化合物23(0.200g)を用い、化合物28c(無晶形)(0.278g、収率:76.8%)を得た。
【0019】
製造例7
【化13】
Figure 0003605158
化合物28a(0.500g、0.61mmol)にモルホリン(2ml)を加え、撹拌下、2.5時間反応する。モルホリンを減圧留去し、残渣をシリカゲル(230〜400メッシュ、100g)及び濃NHOH水/MeOH/CHCl(0.4:4:95.6)の混液を用いて中圧クロマトし、目的化合物29a(0.288g、収率78.9%)を得た。
化合物28b(0.238g)及びモルホリン(1ml)を用いて同様に処理して化合物29b(0.130g、収率74.3%)を得た。
同様に、化合物28c(0.190g)及びモルホリン(1ml)より、化合物29c(0.118g、収率77.0%)を得た。
【0020】
製造例8
【化14】
Figure 0003605158
化合物29a(0.276g、0.46mmol)、化合物22(0.112g、0.55mmol)及びHOBt(0.074g、0.55mmol)をCHCl(2ml)、MeCN(0.5ml)及びEDC(0.118g、0.55mol)を用いて、製造例と同様に反応し、化合物30a(0.280g、収率78%)を得た。
出発物質として化合物29b(0.268g、0.43mmol)、化合物22(0.105g、0.52mmol)、HOBt(0.070g、0.52mmol)及びEDC(0.102g、0.52mmol)を用い、上記と同様に反応して化合物30b(0.245g、収率71.4%)を得た。
同様に、化合物29c(0.260g、0.4mmol)、化合物22(0.100g、0.5mmol)、HOBt(0.068g、0.5mmol)及びEDC(0.097g、0.5mmol)を用い、化合物30c(0.25g、収率77.4%、無晶形)を得た。
【0021】
実施例1 (2S)(3S)−[N−(5−イソキノリウオキシアセチル)−トリフルオロメチル−L−アラニル]−3−アミノ2−ヒドロキシ−4フェニル−ブチリル−L−チアゾリジン−4−カルボン酸 t−ブチルアミド(化合物Ia)
【化15】
Figure 0003605158
化合物22(1.400g、6.89mmol)、化合物26a(3.30g、6.54mmol)及びHOBt(0.466g、3.45mmol)をCHCl(50ml)、MeCN(10ml)に懸濁し、N気流中、氷冷撹拌下、EDC(1.36g、6.9ml)を加え、1時間、更に室温にて2時間反応する。反応液は水性NaHCO、水、10%クエン酸、水、水性NaHCO及び水にて洗滌後、シリカゲル(15g)、CHCl/MeOH(95:5)を用いてフラッシュクロマトし、流出物を集め、酢酸エチルから結晶化し、mp142−144℃を示す結晶(3g)を得た。更に、母液はシリカゲル(80g)及び2%MeOH/CHCl(含0.2%濃アンモニア水)混合溶媒を用いてクロマト処理し、mp143−144℃の結晶(0.20g)を得た。本晶は1/2の酢酸エチルを結晶溶媒として持つため、CHClに溶解し、減圧留去(×3)し、残渣にエチルエーテルを加え、撹拌下、0.5時間処理した後、濾取して乾燥し、mp143−145℃を示す化合物Ia(3.30g、収率:73.2%)を得た。
上記実施例1と同様にして、対応する出発物質から、下記の化合物Ib〜Ihを合成した。これら化合物Ia〜Ihの構造及び、NMR、IR、[α]及び元素分析結果を以下にまとめて示す。
【0022】
【化16】
Figure 0003605158
【化17】
Figure 0003605158
【0023】
【表1】
Figure 0003605158
c:計算値;f:実測値
【0024】
実施例2
製造例8で調製した化合物30a(0.254g、0.32mmol)に4N−HCl/ジオキサン溶液(2ml)を加え、撹拌下室温で2時間反応する。反応液は溶媒を減圧乾固した後、結晶性残渣をEtO−CHClでトリチュレートして、mp167−170℃を示す化合物IIa(0.245g、収率97.6%)を得た。
上記実施例2と同様にして、対応する出発物質から、下記の化合物IIb及びIIcを合成した。これら化合物IIa〜IIcの構造、及び融点並びに元素分析結果を以下にまとめて示す。
【0025】
【化18】
Figure 0003605158
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003605158
【0027】
実施例3
【化19】
Figure 0003605158
実施例2で調製した化合物IIa(0.150g、0.19mmol)に7%水性NaHCO(4ml)を加え、室温で10分間撹拌する。反応液はCHCl(5ml×3)で抽出する。抽出液は合併し、水洗後、MgSOにて乾燥し、溶媒を留去し、結晶性残渣(0.133g)を得る。これをエチルエーテルで結晶化し、mp143−145℃を示す生成物(0.126g、収率94.7%)を得た。
この生成物は実施例1で合成した化合物Iaと混融して融点降下を示さず、NMR、IR[α]、TLCRf値の夫々が一致したことから、化合物(Ia)であることが確認された。
上記と同様に化合物IIb又はIIcを処理して、それぞれ、対応する化合物Ib(収率95.5%)及び化合物Ic(96.5%)を得た。
実施例で得た化合物のHIVプロテアーゼ阻害作用及びHIV感染抑制作用を以下の方法で調べた。
【0028】
実験例1 化合物のHIV−1プロテアーゼ阻害作用の測定
実験は、以下の一般的手法に従って行われた。
材料
予め5倍希釈系列の検体溶液(DMSO)を作成し、そこから5μlをとってエッペンドルフマイクロチューブに入れる。これに、氷冷しておいた反応液(95μl)を加える。混合後の成分の最終濃度は次のようになるよう設定した。
Figure 0003605158
注:1)発蛍光基質 4−(4−ジメチルアミノフェニラゾ)ベンゾイル(DABCYL)−γ−アミノブチリル(GABA)−Ser−Gln−Asn−Tyr−Pro−Ile−Val−Gln−5−[(2−アミノエチル)アミノ]ナフタレン−1−スルホン酸(EDANS)
2)HIV−1プロテアーゼが37℃で1分間に1μMのDGGpEを分解する活性を1ユニットとする。
【0029】
方法
反応液を37℃で2時間反応し、2%トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)(100μl)を加えて反応を停止させる。
反応液中の分解産物をTSK−gel ODS−80TMカラムを用い、0.1%TFA−17%アセトニトリル、0.8ml/分の条件でHPLCで分離し、365nmで励起し、490nmの蛍光強度を測定した。
化合物によるプロテアーゼの阻害率%は、以下の式に従って計算した。
【数1】
阻害率(%)=
[1−{(試料を加えた時のピーク面積)/(試料を加えない時のピーク面積)}]×100
50%阻害濃度(IC50ng/ml)は化合物の各濃度における阻害率%のセミログプロットより求めた。
【0030】
実験例2 化合物の感染抑制作用
実施例で製造した化合物の抗HIV活性及び細胞毒性を以下の方法で試験した。
抗ウイルス活性
(1)HIV(HTLV−IIIB株)持続感染ヒトT細胞株MOLT−4clone8を10%牛胎児血清添加RPMI−1640培地で培養し、上清を濾過してウイルスの力価を測定し、−80℃で保存する。他方、被検化合物を上記の培養培地で所定の濃度になるように希釈し、96穴マイクロプレートに100μlずつ分注する。次にMT−4細胞浮遊液を50μl(2.5×10細胞)ずつを分注し、更に上記HIV含有上清を上記の培養培地で希釈したものを50μl(600pfu(plaque forming unit))ずつ加える。
【0031】
(2)炭酸ガス培養器内で37℃で5日間培養した後、全てのウエルにMTT(3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾール−2−イル)−2,5−ジフェニルテトラゾリウムブロマイド)5mg/ml,PBS)を30μlずつ加え、更に1時間培養する。このとき、生存する細胞はMTTを還元してフォルマザンを析出させる。
全てのウエルから培養上清を150μlずつ取り除き、代わりに150μlの溶解液(10%トリトンX−100及び0.4%(v/v)HCl添加イソプロパノール)を加え、プレートミキサーで振とうしてフォルマザンを溶出する。フォルマザンをOD540nmで測定し、結果を被対照と比較する。
ウイルスによる細胞障害を50%抑制する化合物濃度をED50とする。試験結果を表3に示す。
【0032】
細胞毒性
上記(1)において、HIV含有上清(ウイルス液)の代わりに各ウエルに培養培地50μlずつ加え、(2)と同様に処理し化合物の細胞毒性を調べる。
化合物による細胞毒性が50%である化合物濃度をCD50とする。
以上の試験結果を以下の表3にまとめて示す。
【0033】
実験例3 ラット経口投与による測定
一夜絶食したラット(雄性Jcl−SD、8−9週令、240−300g)にHIVプロテアーゼ阻害剤(20mg/4ml/kgの0.01Mクエン酸水溶液又は懸濁液)を経口投与後、頸静脈から経時的に採血し、血漿中濃度推移を非麻酔下で追跡した。
【0034】
AUC(血漿中濃度時間曲線下面積)測定
除蛋白処理
血液試料は、血漿(200μl)にMeCN(750μl)を加えた後、ミキサーで撹拌し、冷却遠心機で遠心し、得られた上清(850μl)を蒸発乾固し、溶離液(0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸水溶液−MeCN系溶媒)(150μl)に溶解した後、100μlをHPLCに注入し、以下の条件で定量した。
定量
HIVプロテアーゼ阻害剤の定量は、SPD−M6A UV検出器を備えたLC−6A HPLC(島津(株);京都)を用いて行った(カラム:Nucleosil5C18;溶離液:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸水溶液−MeCN系溶媒)。
結果を下記の表3及び図1に示す。
【0035】
【表3】
Figure 0003605158

1)MTTアッセイ
2)HIVプロテアーゼ阻害アッセイ
【化20】
Figure 0003605158
【0036】
【発明の効果】
表3に示した結果から明らかなように、本発明化合物又はその塩はHIVプロテアーゼ阻害活性を有し、HIV感染抑制作用を示し、経口投与に際する吸収率は高い。従って、本発明の化合物を用いてエイズ等のHIVウイルス感染症の予防又は治療を行うことが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ラットに対する本発明化合物の経口投与後の、血漿中濃度の推移を示すグラフ。[0001]
The present invention relates to a novel norstatin derivative which has an inhibitory activity on HIV protease and is effective for prevention and treatment of HIV infection.
[0002]
[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Conventionally, it has been proposed to use an immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a protease inhibitor for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Among these, various peptide derivatives have been disclosed as active ingredients of protease inhibitors (for example, JP-A-2-117615, JP-A-2-202898, JP-A-2-202899, JP-A-2-202899). JP-A-2-204475, JP-A-5-78311, JP-A-5-170722, JP-A-5-178824, JP-A-6-100533, and WO93 / 3066. In particular, derivatives having a β-amino-α-hydroxycarboxylic acid group as a hydroxyamino acid isostere in a peptide have attracted attention (EP 0490667A2, JP-A-5-170722, JP-A-5-178824, and WO93 / 3066).
However, there are problems with the absorption rate during oral administration, metabolic stability, transferability to lymph nodes, affinity with HIV protease, etc., particularly in terms of absorption rate during oral administration, and HIV such as AIDS In order to properly treat or prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to develop more compounds and investigate the possibility of clinical application.
[0003]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies with the aim of providing a novel compound having an HIV protease inhibitory activity capable of solving the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, the formula I:
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
(Wherein, R 1 is an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or an optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl; R 2 is a lower alkyl or a fluorine-substituted lower alkyl) Alkylthio, R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, and X represents S, SO or CH 2 )
Have been found to be suitable for achieving this object, and have completed the present invention.
[0004]
In the present specification, a lower alkyl substituted with fluorine is a straight-chain or branched C1-C8 alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. Means alkyl. For the purpose of the present invention, a straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine is preferable, and specific examples thereof include trifluoromethyl and trifluoroethyl.
[0005]
The term “alkylthio substituted with fluorine” means a group in which a carbon atom in a hydrocarbon chain is substituted with a sulfur atom and one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms. However, for example, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoroethylthio and the like can be exemplified.
“Lower alkyl” means straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. For example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and the like are exemplified.
“Aryl” means an aromatic ring group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenyl and naphthyl.
Examples of the substituent in the “optionally substituted aryl” include lower alkyl, halogen, nitro, amino, hydroxyl group, alkoxy, aralkyloxy, trifluoromethyl, phenyl and the like. Here, lower alkyl and halogen follow the above definition, and among them, methyl, fluorine and chlorine are particularly preferred. For example, tolyl, xylyl, biphenyl and the like are exemplified.
The term "heterocyclic group" means a ring containing at least one oxygen atom, sulfur atom or nitrogen atom in the ring and optionally condensed with a carbon ring. Pyridyl, triazolyl (eg 1,2,3-triazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl), thiadiazolyl (eg 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl or 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl), tetrazolyl, quinolyl and isoquinolyl And quinolyl and xoquinolyl are preferred.
Examples of the substituent in the “optionally substituted heterocycle” include lower alkyl such as methyl and ethyl, and trifluoromethyl.
“Heteroarylalkyl” includes quinolylmethyl, quinolylethyl, isoquinolylmethyl, isoquinolylethyl, and the like. The substituent is the same as the substituent in the “optionally substituted heterocycle”.
[0006]
Salts of the compounds of formula I are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitrous, phosphorous and the like. And salts derived from non-toxic organic acids such as aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl-substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxy-alkane monoacids and alkane diacids, aromatic acids and aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids. It is. Such pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, nitrate, phosphate, secondary phosphate, primary phosphate. , Metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydrofluoride, acetate, propionate, decanoate, caprylate, acrylate , Formate, isobutyrate, caprate, heptanoate, propiolate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, mandelic acid Salts, butyne-1,4-dioate, hexyne-1,6-dioate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, phthalate, Terephthalate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, Benzenesulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, citrate, lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, glycolate, malate, tartrate, methanesulfonic acid Salts, propanesulfonate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate and other salts. Preferred for the present invention are salts of inorganic acids, with hydrochlorides and nitrates being particularly preferred.
[0007]
Since the compound of the present invention contains a fluorine atom in the R 2 group, the compound has increased hydrophobicity and affinity with HIV protease as compared with the conventional corresponding compound, and has lymph node in vivo. , And is expected to have a particularly high absorption rate upon oral administration.
The compound I of the present invention has an HIV protease inhibitory activity and an HIV (HTLV-IIIB strain) infection-inhibiting effect, has a high absorption rate upon oral administration and has a high HIV infection, as shown in the experimental examples described later. Is expected to be useful in the prevention and treatment of All of the compounds I as defined above are useful for the purposes of the present invention described above, among which compounds wherein R 1 is 5-isoquinolyl, R 2 is trifluoromethyl and X is S are directed against HIV protease It has a strong inhibitory activity and is preferred.
[0008]
The compound of the present invention can be produced by a method known to those skilled in the art.
As a general synthesis method, the condensation is carried out stepwise by a liquid phase method. For example, in the presence of HOBt / DCC or HOBt / EDC as a condensing agent, any one of CH 2 Cl 2 , DMF, THF, and AcOEt is used as a solvent. The reaction temperature is -10C to 30C, preferably 0C to 25C, and the reaction time is 1 to 16 hours, preferably 3 to 5 hours.
The deprotection of the intermediate is carried out using 4N-HCl / dioxane or 6NaqHCl / dioxane at a reaction temperature of 0 to 25 ° C. and a reaction time of 1 to 3 hours.
The deprotected amine component may be removed in a free state by neutralizing hydrochloric acid, or the solvent may be distilled off under reduced pressure, and then an equivalent amount of a base (eg, TEA or NMM) may be added and used in the next reaction. . The compound I of the present invention can be produced, for example, according to the following reaction formula.
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
1) Preparation of compound (a): Condensation and deprotection of commercially available Boc amino acid with t-butylamine 2) Preparation of compound (b): T. Reeze et, THL 29 3259 (1988), wherein 3) Preparation of Compound (e): T. Tushima et al., Tetrahedron 44 (17) 5375 (1988).
4) Preparation of compound (f): derived from R 1 —OH and BrCH 2 CO 2 R 4
In addition, the compounds of the present invention have the formula II:
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined above)
Can be produced by treating the novel compound represented by the formula at 20 to 25 ° C at pH 7 to 9.
Conversion of compound II to compound I having HIV protease inhibitory activity occurs at normal physiological pH and temperature ranges, as is apparent from the above reaction conditions and the description in Example 3 below. This indicates that Compound II, which has no antiprotease activity per se, can be readily converted to an active compound of Formula I under in vivo conditions when administered to a subject such as a human. ing. That is, the compound II is also suitable for the purpose of the present invention and can function as a precursor or an intramolecular prodrug of the compound I of the present invention. Therefore, Compound II is included in the scope of the present invention, and any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, like Compound I, is also included in the scope of the present invention.
[0010]
The ester-type compound II is water-soluble, is converted to the compound of the formula I in the intestine when it is orally administered and is absorbed, and is immediately converted to the compound of the formula I in plasma when it is administered intravenously. It is useful for both oral and parenteral administration to exhibit pharmacological effects.
[0011]
In order to use the compound I or compound II of the present invention or a salt thereof for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection, the compound is administered in the form of a preparation suitable for oral or parenteral administration. In the case of oral administration, the compound of the present invention is any of ordinary preparations, for example, solid preparations such as tablets, powders, granules and capsules; liquid preparations; oily suspensions; and liquid preparations such as syrups and elixirs. Can also be used as a dosage form. In the case of parenteral administration, the compound of the present invention can be used as an aqueous or oily suspension injection. In the preparation thereof, any of conventional excipients, binders, lubricants, aqueous solvents, oily solvents, emulsifiers, suspending agents and the like can be used, and other additives such as preservatives, It may contain a stabilizer or the like.
The dose of the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof varies depending on the method of administration, the age, weight, condition and type of disease of the patient, but is usually orally 3 mg to 2 g, preferably 10 mg to 1 g per day. This may be administered in 1 to 5 divided doses.
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Abbreviations used in the examples are described below.
TEA: triethylamine (Boc) 2 O: di-t-butyl carbonate H 2 N +: t-butylamine EDC (HCl): 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride HOBt (H 2 O) : N-hydroxybezosotriazole hydrate FmocOSU: 9-fluorenyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate DIC: diisopropyl carbodiimide
Production Example 1
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 1 (5.00 g, 37.55 mmol) was suspended in CH 2 Cl 2 (50 ml), TEA (5.8 ml, 41.38 mmol) was added, and (Boc) 2 O (9 .80 g, 44.9 mmol) and react for 3 hours. Aqueous NaHCO 3 is added to the reaction solution to dissolve the acidic part, and then the basic solution is adjusted to pH 3 by adding citric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (× 3). The combined extracts were washed with saturated NaCl (× 2), dried over MgSO 4 , and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain Compound 2 (7.2 g, yield 82.2%).
Compound 2 (7.20 g, 3.09 mmol), t-butylamine (3.89 ml, 3.70 mmol) and HOBt (4.84 g, 3.58 mmol) were suspended in CH 2 Cl 2 (40 ml), and a stream of N 2 was supplied. EDC (7.1 g, 3.6 mmol) was added under ice-cooling and stirring in the mixture, and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour and then reacted at room temperature overnight. The solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure, 6N-HCl (50 ml) -dioxane (20 ml) is added to the residue, and the mixture is reacted for 5 hours. The reaction solution was washed with CH 2 Cl 2 (× 3), made alkaline with NaHCO 3 , and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (× 3) to obtain compound 4 (5.80 g, yield: quantitative). .
[0014]
Production Example 2
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 11 (manufactured according to Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 29, No. 27, 3295-3298 (1988)) (4.77 g, 16.15 mmol), compound 4 (2.53 g, 13.44 mmol) and HOBt (2 .18G, was dissolved 16.13Mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (30ml) -MeCN (10ml), in a stream of N 2 is added with stirring under ice-cooling, EDC and (3.18g, 16.14mmol). One hour later, the reaction is carried out at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction solution was washed successively with aqueous NaHCO 3 (× 2), water, 10% citric acid (× 2) and water, dried over MgSO 4 , and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to give crude (2S, 3S) (Nt-butoxycarbonyl-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butyryl) -L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid t-butylamide (Compound 23) (7.0 g) was obtained.
To the crude compound 23 (7.00 g) was added 4N-HCl / dioxane (50 ml), and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2 hours with stirring. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, CH 2 Cl 2 (15 ml) and water (15 ml) were added to the residue, the mixture was adjusted to pH 8 with aqueous NaHCO 3 under stirring, and the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration to give a compound having an mp of 213-215 ° C. 24 (4.60 g, 93.7% yield) was obtained.
[0015]
Production Example 3 (2S, 3S) -N- (t-butoxycarbonyl trifluoromethyl-L-alanyl) -3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butyryl-L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid-t- butyramide (compound 25 a)
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 24 (2.50g, 6.84mol), compound 18 a (Tetrahedron Vol.44, prepared according No.17,5375-5387 (1988)) (2.00g, 7.78mmol) and HOBt (1.05 g, 7.77 mmol) was suspended in CH 2 Cl 2 (30 ml) and MeCN (10 ml), and added with EDC (1.53 g, 7.77 mmol) in a stream of N 2 under ice-cooling and stirring, and added for 1 hour (about 30 minutes). And then react at room temperature for 2 hours. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and washed with CH 2 Cl 2 to obtain crystals (mp: 215-217 ° C.) (3.627 g, yield: 87.7%). The mother liquor was washed with aqueous NaHCO 3 , dried over MgSO 4 , and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting crystalline residue was triturated with CH 2 Cl 2 to give crystals (mp 0.357 g, mp 215-217 ° C.). %: 8.6%). The total of the products was 3.994 g (yield: 96.6%).
Using the compound 18 b and 18 c as starting material was obtained in the same manner as above process corresponds to the compound 25 a (90% yield) and 25 b (88% yield).
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
[0016]
Production Example 4
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 25 a (3.99g, 6.60mmol) was added a 4N-HCl / dioxane 40 ml, under stirring, to the reaction at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue is dissolved by adding water. After washing with CH 2 Cl 2 (10 ml × 3), it is made alkaline with NaHCl 3 and extracted with 5% MeOH / CH 2 Cl (25 ml × 3). The CH 2 Cl 2 solution was dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain 3.00 g (yield: 90.1%) of a residue.
Compound 25 b (0.304 g) and compound 25 using the c (0.260 g), in the same manner as described above process corresponds to the compound 26 b (0.245g, 96.1% yield) and Compound 26 c (0 .200 g, yield 91.3%).
[0017]
Production Example 5
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Amine 18 a (about 0.700 g) aqueous Na 2 CO 3; was dissolved in (8.9ml Na 2 CO 3 5.30g / water 100ml) and MeCN (6 ml), with stirring under ice cooling, FmocOSU (1.522g , 4.68 mmol) in MeCN (12 ml) is added. Then, react at room temperature for 14 hours. After adding 20 ml of water to the reaction solution and filtering out the precipitated insoluble matter, N-HCl is added to adjust the pH to 3, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate (30 ml × 3). The combined ethyl acetate solution was washed with a saturated NaCl solution (20 ml × 3), dried over MgSO 4 and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a crystalline residue (1.62 g). CH 2 Cl 2: hexane (1: 5) was recrystallized from a mixture, to give the compound 27 a showing the mp159-160 ℃ (1.44g, 85.2% yield).
To give compound 18 b of the amine shown in Production Example 3 (0.754 g) and FmocOSU (1.502g) No crystal form compound showing a Mp127-128 ° C. using a 27 b (1.42g, 80% yield) .
Similarly, to obtain a using an amine compound 18 c shown in Production Example 3 (0.576 g) and FmocOSu (1.04 g) amorphous compound 27 c (0.960g, 75.5% yield).
[0018]
Production Example 6
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 27 a (0.293g, 0.77mmol) and HOBt (0.115 g, 0.85 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (3ml) and DMF (1 ml), in a stream of N 2, with stirring under ice cooling DIC (0.14 ml, 0.644 mmol) is added. Twenty minutes later, a solution of compound 23 (0.800 g, 0.644 mmol) / CH 2 Cl 2 (2 ml) was added, and after 30 minutes, the reaction was allowed to come to room temperature for another 5 hours. The solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with 7% NaHCO 3 (× 2) and saturated NaCl (× 2) and dried over MgSO 4 . The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (0.75 g), which was chromatographed using silica gel (230-400 mesh, 120 g) and CH 2 Cl 2 containing 1% MeOH to give compound 28a (amorphous) (0.508 g, yield 95.3%).
Compound 27 b as starting material (0.180g), HOBt (0.065g) , DIC (0.076ml) and compound 23 (0.70 g) using the above-described and similarly treated with compound 28 b (amorphous) (0.238 g, yield 77.5%).
Similarly, compounds 27 c (0.236g), HOBt ( 0.083g), DIC (0.096ml) and compound 23 using (0.200 g), compound 28 c (amorphous) (0.278 g, yield: : 76.8%).
[0019]
Production Example 7
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 28 a (0.500g, 0.61mmol) in morpholine (2 ml) was added, under stirring, to the reaction for 2.5 hours. The morpholine was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was subjected to medium pressure chromatography using silica gel (230-400 mesh, 100 g) and a mixed solution of concentrated aqueous NH 4 OH / MeOH / CH 2 Cl 2 (0.4: 4: 95.6). to give the desired compound 29 a (0.288g, 78.9% yield).
Compound 28 b (0.238 g) and morpholine (1 ml) compounds were treated in the same manner with 29b was obtained (0.130 g, yield: 74.3%).
Similarly, from the compound 28 c (0.190 g) and morpholine (1 ml), to give compound 29 c (0.118g, 77.0% yield).
[0020]
Production Example 8
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 29 a (0.276g, 0.46mmol), compound 22 (0.112g, 0.55mmol) and HOBt (0.074g, 0.55mmol) and CH 2 Cl 2 (2ml), MeCN (0.5ml) and EDC (0.118 g, 0.55 mol) was used to react in the same manner as in example 3 to give compound 30 a (0.280g, 78% yield).
Compound 29 b as starting material (0.268g, 0.43mmol), compound 22 (0.105g, 0.52mmol), HOBt (0.070g, 0.52mmol) and EDC to (0.102 g, 0.52 mmol) used to obtain the same manner as described above reacts with compound 30 b (0.245g, 71.4% yield).
Similarly, compound 29c (0.260 g, 0.4 mmol), compound 22 (0.100 g, 0.5 mmol), HOBt (0.068 g, 0.5 mmol) and EDC (0.097 g, 0.5 mmol) were used. to give compound 30 c (0.25g, 77.4% yield, amorphous) a.
[0021]
Example 1 (2S) (3S)-[N- (5-isoquinolyloxyacetyl) -trifluoromethyl-L-alanyl] -3-amino-2-hydroxy-4phenyl-butyryl-L-thiazolidine-4- Carboxylic acid t-butylamide (Compound Ia)
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Compound 22 (1.400g, 6.89mmol), compound 26 a (3.30g, 6.54mmol) and HOBt (0.466g, 3.45mmol) and CH 2 Cl 2 (50ml), suspended in MeCN (10 ml) EDC (1.36 g, 6.9 ml) was added to the mixture under ice-cooling and stirring in a stream of N 2 , and the mixture was reacted for 1 hour and further at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was washed with aqueous NaHCO 3 , water, 10% citric acid, water, aqueous NaHCO 3 and water, then flash chromatographed using silica gel (15 g), CH 2 Cl 2 / MeOH (95: 5) and eluted. The crystals were collected and crystallized from ethyl acetate to give crystals (3 g) having an mp of 142 to 144 ° C. Further, the mother liquor was chromatographed using silica gel (80 g) and a mixed solvent of 2% MeOH / CH 2 Cl 2 (containing 0.2% concentrated aqueous ammonia) to obtain crystals (0.20 g) of mp 143-144 ° C. . Since this crystal has エ チ ル of ethyl acetate as a crystallization solvent, it is dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 , distilled off under reduced pressure (× 3), ethyl ether is added to the residue, and the mixture is treated with stirring for 0.5 hour. The crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain Compound Ia (3.30 g, yield: 73.2%) having an mp of 143-145 ° C.
In the same manner as in Example 1, the following compounds Ib to Ih were synthesized from the corresponding starting materials. The structures, NMR, IR, [α] D and elemental analysis results of these compounds Ia to Ih are summarized below.
[0022]
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003605158
c: calculated value; f: actually measured value
Example 2
Compound was prepared in Preparation Example 8 30 a (0.254g, 0.32mmol) 4N-HCl / dioxane (2 ml) was added to react for 2 hours under stirring at room temperature. After evaporating the solvent to dryness under reduced pressure, the crystalline residue was triturated with Et 2 O—CH 2 Cl 2 to obtain a compound IIa (0.245 g, yield 97.6%) having an mp of 167 to 170 ° C. Was.
In the same manner as in Example 2 above, the following compounds IIb and IIc were synthesized from the corresponding starting materials. The structures, melting points, and elemental analysis results of these compounds IIa to IIc are summarized below.
[0025]
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003605158
[0027]
Example 3
Embedded image
Figure 0003605158
To the compound IIa (0.150 g, 0.19 mmol) prepared in Example 2 is added 7% aqueous NaHCO 3 (4 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction solution is extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (5 ml × 3). The extracts were combined, washed with water, dried over MgSO 4 and evaporated to give a crystalline residue (0.133 g). This was crystallized from ethyl ether to obtain a product having an mp of 143-145 ° C (0.126 g, yield: 94.7%).
This product was mixed with the compound Ia synthesized in Example 1 and did not show a decrease in melting point. The NMR, IR [α] and TLCRf values were the same, confirming that the product was the compound (Ia). Was.
Compound IIb or IIc was treated as above to give the corresponding compound Ib (95.5% yield) and compound Ic (96.5%), respectively.
The HIV protease inhibitory activity and HIV infection inhibitory activity of the compounds obtained in the examples were examined by the following methods.
[0028]
Experimental Example 1 An experiment for measuring the HIV-1 protease inhibitory action of a compound was performed according to the following general method.
Materials Prepare a 5-fold dilution series of sample solution (DMSO) in advance, take 5 μl from it, and place in an Eppendorf microtube. To this is added an ice-cooled reaction solution (95 μl). The final concentrations of the components after mixing were set as follows.
Figure 0003605158
Note: 1) Fluorescent substrate 4- (4-dimethylaminophenylazo) benzoyl (DABCYL) -γ-aminobutyryl (GABA) -Ser-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Val-Gln-5-[(2 -Aminoethyl) amino] naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (EDANS)
2) The activity of HIV-1 protease to decompose 1 μM DGGpE per minute at 37 ° C. is defined as one unit.
[0029]
Method The reaction was allowed to react at 37 ° C. for 2 hours, and the reaction was stopped by the addition of 2% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (100 μl).
The degradation products in the reaction solution were separated by HPLC using a TSK-gel ODS-80TM column under the conditions of 0.1% TFA-17% acetonitrile, 0.8 ml / min, excited at 365 nm, and the fluorescence intensity at 490 nm was measured. It was measured.
The percentage of inhibition of the protease by the compound was calculated according to the following formula.
(Equation 1)
Inhibition rate (%) =
[1-{(peak area when sample is added) / (peak area when no sample is added)}] × 100
The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ng / ml) was determined from a semilog plot of% inhibition at each concentration of compound.
[0030]
Experimental Example 2 Infection-suppressing activity of compounds The anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of the compounds prepared in the examples were tested by the following methods.
Antiviral activity (1) HIV (HTLV-IIIB strain) persistently infected human T cell line MOLT-4clone8 was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, and the supernatant was filtered to measure the virus titer. , Stored at -80 ° C. On the other hand, the test compound is diluted with the above-mentioned culture medium so as to have a predetermined concentration, and dispensed into a 96-well microplate in an amount of 100 μl each. Next, 50 μl (2.5 × 10 4 cells) of the MT-4 cell suspension was dispensed, and 50 μl (600 pfu (plaque forming unit)) of the HIV-containing supernatant diluted with the above culture medium was further added. Add each.
[0031]
(2) After culturing at 37 ° C. for 5 days in a carbon dioxide incubator, MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 5 mg / ml was added to all wells. , PBS) is added in an amount of 30 μl, and the cells are further cultured for 1 hour. At this time, the surviving cells reduce MTT to precipitate formazan.
Remove 150 μl of culture supernatant from all wells, add 150 μl of lysate (isopropanol with 10% Triton X-100 and 0.4% (v / v) HCl) instead, shake with plate mixer and formazan Is eluted. Formazan is measured at OD 540 nm and the results are compared to controls.
50% inhibition concentration of compound cytotoxicity by viruses and ED 50. Table 3 shows the test results.
[0032]
Cytotoxicity In the above (1), 50 μl of a culture medium is added to each well instead of the HIV-containing supernatant (virus solution), and the same treatment as in (2) is performed to examine the cytotoxicity of the compound.
Cytotoxicity by compound and CD 50 Compound concentration is 50%.
The above test results are summarized in Table 3 below.
[0033]
Experimental Example 3 Measurement by oral administration to rats Rats fasted overnight (male Jcl-SD, 8-9 weeks old, 240-300 g) were given an HIV protease inhibitor (20 mg / 4 ml / kg of a 0.01 M citric acid aqueous solution). Or suspensions) were orally administered, blood was collected over time from the jugular vein, and changes in plasma concentration were tracked under non-anesthesia.
[0034]
AUC (area under the plasma concentration time curve) measurement
Deproteinization treatment The blood sample was prepared by adding MeCN (750 μl) to plasma (200 μl), stirring with a mixer, centrifuging with a cooling centrifuge, and evaporating the resulting supernatant (850 μl) to dryness. After dissolving in an eluent (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution-MeCN solvent) (150 μl), 100 μl was injected into HPLC and quantified under the following conditions.
Determination of quantitative HIV protease inhibitors, LC-6A HPLC equipped with SPD-M6A UV detector; was performed using (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto) (column: Nucleosil5C 18; eluant: 0.1% trifluoroacetic Acetic acid aqueous solution-MeCN solvent).
The results are shown in Table 3 below and FIG.
[0035]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003605158
Note 1) MTT assay 2) HIV protease inhibition assay
Figure 0003605158
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the results shown in Table 3, the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof has an HIV protease inhibitory activity, exhibits an HIV infection inhibitory effect, and has a high absorption rate upon oral administration. Therefore, it is possible to prevent or treat HIV virus infections such as AIDS using the compounds of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in plasma concentration after oral administration of a compound of the present invention to rats.

Claims (6)

式I:
Figure 0003605158
(式中、R1ナフチル、ピリジル、イソキノリル、トリフルオロメチルで置換されていてもよいキノリル;R2はフッ素で置換された低級アルキル3及びR4はそれぞれ水素、XはSを表す)
で示される化合物又はその塩。
Formula I:
Figure 0003605158
(Wherein R 1 is quinolyl which may be substituted by naphthyl, pyridyl, isoquinolyl, trifluoromethyl ; R 2 is lower alkyl substituted by fluorine ; R 3 and R 4 each represent hydrogen; and X represents S )
Or a salt thereof.
式II:
Figure 0003605158
(式中、R1、R2、R3、R4及びXは上記の定義に従う)
で示される化合物をpH7〜9で処理することからなる請求項1記載の式Iで示される化合物の製造方法。
Formula II:
Figure 0003605158
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined above)
The method for producing a compound represented by the formula I according to claim 1, comprising treating the compound represented by the formula with a pH of 7 to 9.
式II:
Figure 0003605158
(式中、R1、R2、R3、R4及びXは上記の定義に従う)
で示される化合物又はその塩。
Formula II:
Figure 0003605158
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and X are as defined above)
Or a salt thereof.
式中、R2がトリフルオロメチルである請求項1又は3記載の化合物。4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R 2 is trifluoromethyl. 式中、R1がイソキノリルである請求項4記載の化合物。Wherein 5. The compound of claim 4, wherein R 1 is isoquinolyl. 請求項1記載の化合物を有効量含有する抗ウイルス剤。An antiviral agent comprising an effective amount of the compound according to claim 1.
JP30620694A 1994-12-09 1994-12-09 HIV protease inhibitor Expired - Fee Related JP3605158B2 (en)

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