【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は木骨材と金属構造材を金属部品で結合する建物に関し、より詳細には木造家屋における百足形床梁構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の和風建築ではホゾ或いは仕口・継手等による軸組工法が主であり、ツーバイフォー部材による壁組工法そしてログハウス等の工法等、何れも木材の大量使用による建築で、金属加工技術の未発達な時代の遺産的建築技術であり、鉄骨材その他金属加工技術が進歩した現代でも省木材資源となる金属骨材と木骨材の混用による断熱性に優れた住宅の技術革新が殆ど見られない。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、▲１▼木材資源節約の為に木材による大断面の桁や梁を使用しない構造を提供し、▲２▼強度を大にし省力化するためにホゾ・仕口・継手等の加工を省略して穿孔だけで可能なボルト結合を採用し、▲３▼少人数で組立て可能にするために棟上げ作業を複数段階に分割可能とし、▲４▼二階部分の作業を二階床からの作業として安全性を確保して足場を省略可能とし、▲５▼床梁を鉄製にして耐震強度の大きい構造の建物を提供し、▲６▼内部の柱を取り替え自在として成るコストの安い簡単で手作りし易い１００年ハウスを提供することが課題である。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では上記課題を解決するために木造家屋において、外壁部を除く金属製の各梁はコ型（ミゾ型）材のペア−で構成され、建物のほぼ中央を通る主線上に位置する一階の柱と通し柱を含む主線上の柱列を二階床下において、主梁のペアーで挟んで上下二段でボルト孔を柱の対応するボルト孔に合わせてボルトを貫通させて固定し、該ペアーの主梁の所定の位置には、該主梁の溝内に差し込める狭い幅のミゾ型材から成る枝梁固定用の耳が端部以外ではペアーで固定してあり、該耳に該ペアーの枝梁の一端部が固定してあり、該枝梁のペアー間の線上に位置する一階の柱と通し柱を含む柱列も二階床下の位置で枝梁のペアーで挟まれてボルトを貫通させて一体に固定してあり、かつ該主梁に対して該枝梁を直角に設けて成る百足形床梁構造を提供する。ただし、外壁に位置する柱は内側の枝梁のみでボルト締めするのが外壁の仕上げの点で好ましい。
【０００５】
上記各鋼鉄性の梁の設定により、強度を大とし、大断面の木材による桁や梁を省略して木材資源を節約し、ホゾ・継手仕口等の加工手間も省略できる。より好ましくは主梁のミゾ内に差し込める幅に構成してある幅の狭いミゾ型の枝梁を使用して梁部材の加工を穿孔だけの作業に止めることである。
【０００６】
百足形床梁工法は木造家屋において、木骨材の柱とコ型（ミゾ型）鋼鉄製の梁の主梁と該主梁のミゾ内に差し込める幅に構成してある幅の狭いコ型（ミゾ型）の枝梁を使用し、第一段階では主線上の通し柱を含む一階柱を布基礎に固定して立てる。第二段階ではペアーの主梁を主線の柱列の両側に配置し、柱の幅より適宜に長い間隔ブロックを複数個該ペアー間に固定する。第三段階では該ブロックで隔離結合した主梁の重心の位置で柱列に沿って吊り上げ、柱の孔と主梁の対応する孔相互にボルトを貫通させて固定する。第四に中央部分の枝線上の柱列を布基礎に固定して直立させ、ペアーの枝梁の片側の一本を所定の耳に一端をボルト固定するとともに該枝線の柱の全てにボルトを通しておく、第五は該ペアーの残した一本を引き上げて突き出させたボルトの端に対応するボルト孔を合わせて貫通させナットで固定する。上記第四と第五の作業を繰り返し、上記段階を経過して建前を実施することを特徴とする百足形床梁工法である。更に、二階床は、該枝梁の立ち上り片に所定間隔でビス孔を穿孔しておけば、二階の根太と床板を一面的に省力的に固定することができて障子構造となり、火打ちが不要にもなる。棟上げ作業を一階の柱と床梁の組立て作業及び軒桁取付けの第一段階とし、二階床張り作業の直後の二階の柱のライン上のペアーの梁間への差し込固定の第二段階、母屋垂木の取り付け工事を含む屋根工事の第三段階にいたる迄を二階の床から安全にかつ、移動距離を僅かにして能率的に進めることができる。
【０００７】
【実施例】
図１、２、３に於いて、鋼鉄製の各梁２９、３０はコ型（ミゾ型）材のペアーで成る。一般の２階家屋では軽ミゾ鋼と云われる素材を使用できる。
【０００８】
建物のほぼ中央に位置する中心の柱を通る主線上に位置する一階の柱と通し柱を含めた主線の柱２８の列を二階床下において主梁２９のペアーで挟んで上下二段でボルト孔３６と対応する柱の孔とを貫通させ一体に締付けてある。該ペアーの主梁２９の所定の位置には枝梁固定用の耳３７が端部以外はペアーでボルト固定してあり、該耳３７にペアーの枝梁３０の一端部が固定してあり、該ペアーの枝梁の線上に位置する一階の柱と通し柱を含めた柱列も二階床下の位置で枝梁のペアーで挟まれてボルトを貫通して一体に固定してある。ただし、外壁に位置する柱は内側のコ型材のみで、外装材の取り付けの邪魔になるからペアーの外側は省略される。
【０００９】
上記構成の取付け作業工程は図３に示すが、第一に主線上の一階柱と通し柱を布基礎８のペアーのアングル９間に入れてボルト締めして全てを立てる。第二にペアーの主梁２９を主線の柱の両側に配置してペアーの間に柱の幅より若干長い角材を切断した間隔ブロック３１を複数個固定する。第三に該ブロックで隔離結合したペアー主梁の重心の位置でユニックのクレーンで吊り上げ、該柱列のボルト孔３６と主梁のボルト孔３６とにボルトを貫通させて固定する。第四に中央部分の枝線上の柱列を布基礎のアングルのペアーにボルト固定して直立させ、ペアーの枝梁３０の片側の一本を所定の耳３７に一端をボルト固定するとともに該枝線の柱の全てにボルトを通しておく。第五は該ペアーの残した一本を引き上げて突き出させたボルトの端に対応するボルト孔を合わせて貫通させナットで固定する。上記第四と第五の作業を繰り返し、外壁部分だけは外側の梁は省略する。最後の段階で軒桁３８を外壁の通し柱２７の上に載置し、真上からコーチボルトで軒桁を通して各通し柱に捩じ込めば耐震強度を高くする。枝梁から更に梁を分岐する場合は大きい耳を使用して同一サイズの梁部材を結合しても十分な強度になる。
【００１０】
かかる構成であるから、予めミゾ型部材の上面の立上片に適宜にビス孔を穿孔しておけば、枝梁の上面は水平で、同じ太さの根太を全面に固定して、床板を張ると全面が障子構造となる。
【００１１】
【発明の効果】
百足形床梁工法では一対の太い主梁と複数のペアーの細い枝梁に分別して直角結合するので鋼材の部分的な切り込みとか曲げ加工等が不要であり、全てボルト結合であるので加工の手数が少なく強度が大きいし、主線上のペアーの主梁のみを主線上の固定した柱列をゆるく挟んだ状態で柱列に沿ってスライド上昇させるので、作業の安全性が高く足場も不要で、作業員２人は両側の脚立上で所定の高さに上昇したとき該柱列とペアー主梁の孔を通してのボルト締めだけの仕事で危険性が少なく簡単である。主線上の柱列の全ての柱にペアーの主梁を固定して暫定的に筋かいを主柱列の要所に取り付けてから、枝線上の柱列を直立固定し、枝梁のペアーの一本を主梁の耳にボルト結合するとともに該柱列の所定の孔にボルトを通しておき（このときナットは嵌めない）、ペアーの他方の一本を引き上げて前記ボルトに孔を合わせて貫通させてナット締めする。そして主梁と同様に暫定的な筋かいを該柱列に固定すれば、平面的にＴ字形の全方向に対して倒れにくい安定した形態となる。このようにして残余の枝梁を取り付けるので、簡単で素人でも作業は早い。更に、該主梁と各枝梁の全体的な形は上から見ると百足の体と多数の足に例えられる。該枝梁の取り付け完了後にはその末端に固定してある外壁の通し柱の上に軒桁を載置して予め穿孔して半分通してあるコーチボルトを下方の通し柱の中心の下孔に捩じ込めば強力に結合できて耐震強度を高くする効果が大きい。
【００１２】
該全ての枝梁のミゾ型の両立上片に予めビス孔を穿孔することで、上面側の立上片のビス孔は二階床の根太の固定用に使えるし、下面側のビス孔は吊木を立ち上げ片の上に置き下から前記ビス孔を通してビス留めが可能であるから、従来の和風建築での吊り天井の作業が不要となり、省力化の効果が絶大である。二階床は枝梁に固定した平行な根太に全体の床を一面的に床張り可能となり、障子構造であるから水平面の歪みを生じないので火打ちが不要となる効果がある。更に、二階の一面床上に脚立を立てて二階の柱も床の所定位置を刳り貫いてペアーの梁間に差し込んで下方を梁のボルト孔で二段に固定できるので、強度が大きい。屋根組の作業も二階床に脚立を立てて安全に作業できるので作業が早まり安全面の効果は絶大である。
【００１３】
百年ハウスでは、上記構造において、アルミ合金板、ステンレス鋼部材を要所に使用し、軽ミゾ鋼の場合はハンマーライトのような超長期的防錆効果のある塗料を塗布し、布基礎の生コンの打ち込みを完全にして剥出し配線をして構成すれば、部材の腐食が殆どなくて一階の内部の柱もボルトの脱着で交換できて耐久性が大きい。更に上記の構成で簡単な構造で作業の手数が大きく削減できるので該構造の百年ハウスはコストを安く提供できるし、素人の手作りも可能となる効果がある。
【００１４】
【図面の簡単な説明】
各図は何れも縮小概略図で、
【図１】百足形床梁構造と一階の柱関連平面図
【図２】主梁のペアーを少し吊り上げた状態の斜視図
【図３】主梁と枝梁との結合関連部分断面図
【符号の説明】
８ 布基礎、９ 固定アングル、１０ ボルト、２７ 通し柱、２８ 主線の柱、
２９ 主梁、３０ 枝梁、３１ 間隔ブロック、３２ 針金、３３ 吊具、
３４ 枝線柱、３６ ボルト孔、３７ 耳、３８ 軒桁。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building in which a wooden aggregate and a metal structural material are joined by metal parts, and more particularly to a hundred-foot floor beam structure in a wooden house.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional Japanese-style buildings are mainly framed construction methods using tenon or joints / joints, etc.Wall construction methods such as two-by-four members and log house construction methods, etc. It is a heritage building technology of a developmental age, and even in modern times when steel frame and other metal processing technologies have advanced, there is almost no technical innovation in housing with excellent heat insulation by mixing metal aggregate and wood aggregate, which is a wood saving resource .
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide: (1) a structure that does not use large-sized beams or beams of wood in order to save wood resources; and (2) a tenon, a joint, a joint, etc. in order to increase strength and save labor. The bolting work that can be done only by drilling is omitted, and (3) the ridge-lifting work can be divided into multiple stages so that it can be assembled with a small number of people. (4) The work on the second floor part from the second floor of the scaffolding and optional to ensure safety as a work, ▲ 5 ▼ the floor beams and the steel provides building large structures earthquake resistance, ▲ 6 ▼ low-cost easy made as freely replace the interior of the pillar The challenge is to provide a 100-year house that is easy to make by hand.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in a wooden house, each metal beam excluding an outer wall portion is constituted by a pair of U-shaped (groove-shaped) members, and is located on a main line passing substantially in the center of the building. Under the second floor under the floor of the main line including the pillars of the floor and the through columns, the bolt holes are aligned with the corresponding bolt holes of the pillars in two stages above and below the main beam pair, and the bolts are penetrated and fixed. At a predetermined position of the main beam, ears for branch beam fixing made of a narrow-width groove-shaped material that can be inserted into the groove of the main beam are fixed in pairs except at the ends, and the ears of the pair are fixed to the ears. One end of the branch is fixed, and the column including the first-floor column and the through column located on the line between the pair of branches is also sandwiched by the pair of branches at the position under the second floor, and the bolt is penetrated. centipede shaped floor beam structure comprising providing the branches beams at right angles to is fixed at integral and main beams Te To provide. However, it is preferable from the viewpoint of finishing the outer wall that the pillar located on the outer wall be bolted only by the inner branch beam.
[0005]
By setting the above-mentioned steel beams, the strength can be increased, the girders and beams of large cross-section wood can be omitted, and wood resources can be saved. More preferably, the processing of the beam member is stopped by only the drilling using a narrow groove-shaped branch beam having a width that can be inserted into the groove of the main beam.
[0006]
In the wooden house, the centripetal floor beam method is a narrow U-shape that is made up of a wooden frame column, a main beam of a U-shaped (groove type) steel beam, and a width that can be inserted into the groove of the main beam. In the first step, the first-floor pillars including through pillars on the main line are fixed to the fabric foundation and stand upright. In the second stage, the main beams of the pair are arranged on both sides of the column of the main line, and a plurality of interval blocks appropriately longer than the width of the column are fixed between the pair. In the third step, the main beam is lifted along the column at the position of the center of gravity of the main beam isolated and connected by the block, and bolts are fixed to the holes of the column and the corresponding holes of the main beam by penetrating them. Fourthly, the column on the branch line in the central part is fixed to the cloth foundation and erected, and one side of the pair of branch beams is bolted at one end to a predetermined ear and bolts are attached to all of the columns of the branch line. Fifth, the remaining one of the pair is pulled up, the bolt hole corresponding to the end of the protruding bolt is aligned, and the bolt is penetrated and fixed with a nut. A hundred-footed floor beam construction method characterized by repeating the fourth and fifth operations, and performing the pre-construction after the above steps. Furthermore, if the upstairs of the second floor is provided with screw holes at predetermined intervals in the rising pieces of the branch beams, the joist of the second floor and the floorboard can be fixed in a one-sided manner in a labor-saving manner. Also. The ascending work is the first stage of assembling the columns and floor beams on the first floor and installing the eaves girder, and the second stage of inserting and fixing the pair of beams on the line of the second floor columns immediately after the second floor flooring work, Up to the third stage of roofing work, including the installation of purlin rafters, it is possible to proceed safely from the floor on the second floor and to a small distance to move efficiently.
[0007]
【Example】
In FIGS. 1 , 2 and 3 , each steel beam 29, 30 comprises a pair of U-shaped (groove- shaped ) members. In a general second-floor house, a material called lightly grooved steel can be used.
[0008]
A row of pillars 28 of the main line including a pillar on the first floor and a pillar on the main line passing through a central pillar located substantially in the center of the building, and a column of main lines 29 under the second floor sandwiched by a pair of main beams 29, and bolt holes are vertically formed in two stages. 36 and the corresponding hole of the column are penetrated and fastened together. At a predetermined position of the main beam 29 of the pair, a branch beam fixing ear 37 is bolted with a pair except for the end, and one end of the pair of branch beams 30 is fixed to the ear 37, The column including the first-floor pillar and the through pillar located on the line of the pair of branch beams is also sandwiched between the pair of branch beams at a position below the second floor, and is integrally fixed through bolts. However, the pillar located on the outer wall is only the inner U-shaped member, and the outer side of the pair is omitted because it interferes with the attachment of the exterior material.
[0009]
FIG. 3 shows the mounting operation process of the above configuration. First, the first floor pillar and the through pillar on the main line are put between the angles 9 of the pair of the cloth foundations 8 and bolted to stand all. Secondly, the main beams 29 of the pair are arranged on both sides of the column of the main line, and a plurality of interval blocks 31 obtained by cutting a rectangular piece slightly longer than the width of the column are fixed between the pairs. Third, a pair of main beams separated and coupled by the block is lifted by a UNIC crane at the position of the center of gravity of the main beam, and bolts are passed through and fixed to the bolt holes 36 of the column row and the bolt holes 36 of the main beam. Fourthly, the column on the branch line in the center portion is bolted to a pair of angles of the cloth foundation to be upright, and one end of one side of the pair of branch beams 30 is bolted to a predetermined ear 37 at one end, and the branch is Pass bolts through all of the wire columns. Fifth, the remaining one of the pair is pulled up, and the bolt hole corresponding to the end of the protruding bolt is aligned and penetrated and fixed with a nut. The above-described fourth and fifth operations are repeated, and the outer beams are omitted from the outer wall portion. Placed on the eaves digit 38 the outer wall of the continuous columns 27 at the last stage, to increase the earthquake intensity if screwed through the eaves digit coach bolts each continuous columns from above. In the case of further branching the beam from the branch beam, sufficient strength can be obtained even if beam members of the same size are connected using a large ear.
[0010]
With such a configuration, if a screw hole is appropriately drilled in advance on the rising piece on the upper surface of the groove type member, the upper surface of the branch beam is horizontal, the joists of the same thickness are fixed on the entire surface, and the floor plate is fixed. When stretched, the entire surface becomes a shoji structure.
[0011]
【The invention's effect】
The centripetal floor beam method separates into a pair of thick main beams and a plurality of pairs of thin branch beams and joins them at right angles.Therefore, partial cutting or bending of steel is not required. And the strength is high, and only the main beam of the pair on the main line is slid up along the column with the fixed column on the main line loosely sandwiched, so work safety is high and scaffolding is unnecessary, When the two workers are raised to a predetermined height on the stepladders on both sides, the work is merely bolted through the hole of the column and the main beam of the pair, and the work is less risky and simple. Fix the main beam of the pair to all the columns of the column on the main line, temporarily attach the braces to the key points of the main column, fix the column on the branch line upright, and One of the pair is bolted to the ear of the main beam, and a bolt is passed through a predetermined hole of the column (at this time, a nut is not fitted). Then, the other one of the pair is pulled up, and the hole is aligned with the bolt and penetrated. And tighten the nut. If a temporary brace is fixed to the column like the main beam, a stable form that is hard to fall down in all directions of the T-shape in plan view can be obtained. Since the remaining branches are attached in this manner, the work is simple and quick even for a layman. Further, the overall shape of the main beam and each branch beam is likened to a hundred feet body and multiple feet when viewed from above. After completion of the mounting of the branch beams, the eaves girder is placed on the through pillar of the outer wall fixed to the end thereof, and the coach bolt which has been pre-drilled and half passed through is screwed into the central hole of the lower through pillar. If it is inserted, it can be strongly connected and has a great effect of increasing the earthquake resistance.
[0012]
By drilling screw holes in advance in all of the groove-shaped rising pieces of all the branch beams, the screw holes of the rising pieces on the upper surface can be used for fixing joists on the second floor, and the screw holes on the lower face can be suspended. Since a tree can be placed on a rising piece and screwed from below through the screw hole, it is not necessary to work on a suspended ceiling in a conventional Japanese-style building, and the effect of labor saving is enormous. On the second floor, the entire floor can be entirely covered with parallel joists fixed to the branch beams, and since it has a shoji structure, there is no distortion of the horizontal plane, so there is an effect that fire is unnecessary. Further, the stepladder is set up on the first floor of the second floor, and the second floor pillar is also hollowed out at a predetermined position of the floor, inserted between the beams of the pair, and can be fixed in two steps below with the bolt holes of the beams, so that the strength is large. Roofing work can also be done safely on the second floor by stepladders, which speeds up the work and has a great effect on safety.
[0013]
The 100-year house uses aluminum alloy plates and stainless steel members at key points in the above structure, and in the case of light mizo steel, applies a paint that has an ultra-long-term rust-preventive effect, such as hammerlite, If the wiring is completely completed and exposed wiring is used, there is almost no corrosion of the members, and the internal pillars on the first floor can be replaced by attaching and detaching bolts, so that the durability is high. Further, since the number of operations can be greatly reduced with a simple structure with the above-described structure, the centennial house of the structure can be provided at a low cost and can be handmade by an amateur.
[0014]
[Brief description of the drawings]
Each figure is a reduced schematic diagram,
Fig. 1 Floor plan of a 100-foot floor beam and columns on the first floor [Fig. 2] Perspective view of a pair of main beams suspended slightly [Fig. 3] Partial cross-sectional view of connection between main beams and branch beams [ Explanation of code]
8 cloth foundation, 9 fixed angles, 10 bolts, 27 through columns, 28 main line columns,
29 main beams, 30 branch beams, 31 spacing blocks, 32 wires, 33 hanging tools,
34 branch poles, 36 bolt holes, 37 ears, 38 eaves girder.
