【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は屋根葺きにおける長さ調節方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
横に長い屋根板を複数枚並設し、前後に隣接する屋根板の前後端部を互いに係合した段葺き屋根が従来公知である。
このような従来の段葺き屋根では勾配方向の寸法が同じである１種類の屋根板を使用して軒から棟に向かって葺き上げるので、屋根下地の勾配方向の長さが変化すると、棟頂部に葺き納めることができず、最上段の屋根板を切断したり、屋根板の後端に別部材を溶接、カシメ等によって取付けたり、規格外の寸法の屋根板あるいは棟部材を特別に製造しなければならない。
このため、製造コストが高くなったり、現場加工が増えて施工性が悪くなったり、最上段の屋根板の露出寸法だけが他の屋根板と明らかに異なるので体裁が悪いなどの不都合があり、一般市場における普及を阻害する結果となっていた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、２種類の屋根板を使用するだけで、どの様な長さの屋根面にも対応することができ、施工が簡単な屋根葺きにおける長さ調節方法を提供することを目的とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の屋根葺きにおける長さ調節方法は、横に長い屋根板を前後左右に複数枚並べて敷設すると共に、後方の屋根板の前端部を前方の屋根板の後端部に係合し、最上段の屋根板の表面間に棟部材を架設した屋根において、前後方向の幅が異なる２種類の屋根板を組み合わせて、屋根板の長さの合計を屋根下地の勾配方向の長さに近似させると共に、最上段の屋根板と棟部材との重合幅を変えることによって屋根板の長さの合計と屋根下地の長さとの誤差を吸収する。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
図２は、本発明の屋根の一実施形態を示す。
【０００６】
切妻屋根の屋根下地上に、横に長い屋根板１が前後左右に多数枚並設されて固定され、前後方向（勾配方向）に隣接する屋根板１の前後端部が互いに係合されると共に、左右に隣接する屋根板１の側端部上面間にキャップ２が架設されて各屋根板１同志が連結されている。
【０００７】
また、屋根の最も側端部に位置する屋根板１の外側端は妻面に沿って配設されたケラバ部材３の内側部に係合され、屋根棟に沿って棟部材４が配設される。
なお、図を簡略化するために、屋根板は横２列に敷設されているが、屋根幅及び屋根板１の長さによって３列以上並設する場合もある。
【０００８】
屋根板１はアルミニウム合金等の金属又は合成樹脂を素材とした押し出し成型品よりなり、図１及び図５に示すように、その前端部が表面凸に下方に湾曲され、その裏面下端寄りに水切突条５が形成され、前端部寄りの下面に下方に垂下されると共にその先端から後方に屈曲される断面Ｌ字状の捨板支持片６が形成される。
また、捨板支持片６のやや後方に、下方に垂下されると共にその先端から前方に屈曲される断面逆Ｌ字状の係合部７が形成される。
【０００９】
屋根板１の後端は下方に屈曲され、その下端に前後方向に延びる固定片８が設けられ、固定片８の前部は捨板支持片６と協働する後部捨板支持片８´とされている。また、固定片８の後部に長手方向に適宜間隔をおいて複数の固定孔９が穿設されると共に、固定片８の側端縁に横に長い固定切欠９´が形成される。これらの固定孔９の内、中央のものは円孔であり、その両側のものは横に長い長孔である。
【００１０】
さらに、屋根板１の後端寄りに表面前方に折り返される断面略円弧状の凹条連結部１０が形成され、凹条連結部１０の上面に前後方向に張り出す係止片１１が長手方向に沿って設けられる。この係止片１１の表面には、長手方向に沿い前後方向に間隔をあけた複数の防水突条１２が形成されている。
なお、図３に示すように、屋根板１の内、最も軒寄りに配置される軒部屋根板１ａは、裏面下端寄りの水切突条５に代えて、より長く棟方向に張り出す軒先部材係止フィン１３を有する。軒部屋根板１ａの他の部分の構造はその後方に敷設される屋根板１と同様なので、説明を省略する。
【００１１】
屋根板１は次のように前後方向に連結される。
まず、図３に示すように、屋根下地の軒寄り端部に屋根板１の取り付け位置の基準部材となる軒先部材１４を装着する。
【００１２】
軒先部材１４は、図１及び図６に示すように、屋根下地の軒端面を閉塞する化粧面１５と、化粧面１５の棟側面の中間部に長さ方向に沿って形成される取り付け片１６と、化粧面１５の上端から前後に張り出されるフランジ１７とを備える。
また、化粧面１５及び取り付け片１６に長手方向にそれぞれ適宜間隔を開けて取り付け孔３９が穿設される。これら取り付け孔３９の内、中央のものは円孔であり、その両側のものは横に長い長孔である。そして、化粧面１５が屋根下地の軒端面に、取り付け片１６が屋根下地の上面にそれぞれ当接され、取り付け孔３９に釘、ねじ釘等の固定金具１８が挿通されて、軒先部材１４が固定される。
【００１３】
次に、図７の（イ）に示すように、軒部屋根板１ａを軒先部材１４の上方を覆うように配置し、図７の（ロ）に示すように軒部屋根板１ａを棟方向に移動させて軒先部材係止フィン１３を軒先部材１４のフランジ１７の前端裏面に係合し、さらに、軒部屋根板１ａを押し下げた後、図７の（ハ）に示すように軒方向に移動させて係合部７をフランジ１７の後端裏面に係合する。そして、図７の（ニ）に示すように、固定孔９を通して釘、ねじ釘等の固定金具１８ａを屋根下地に取付けることにより、軒部屋根板１ａが屋根下地に固定される。
【００１４】
このように、軒先部材１４は屋根下地の軒端面及び上面の２か所に固定されると共に、軒部屋根板１ａが軒先部材係止フィン１３及び係合部７の２か所で軒先部材１４に係止され、軒部屋根板１ａの固定片８が屋根下地に固定されているので、風圧に対する軒部分の強度が非常に大きくなり、このため強風に吹き上げられて屋根が破損する心配がなく、耐風圧構造が構成される。
【００１５】
図８に示すように、並列する軒部屋根板１ａの側端部は、金属特有の熱膨張による歪みと軋み音を防止するために、屋根板固定具４０を用いて間隔をあけて固定される。
屋根板固定具４０は、図１０に示すように、左右に固定金具取付け孔４１´が形成された取り付け平板４１と、その上面中央部に形成される円形突起部４２と、該円形突起部４２から立設されるボルト４３と、ボルト４３が挿通される座金４４と、座金４４の上面においてボルト４３に螺合されるナット４５とを備える。
【００１６】
そして、固定金具取付け孔４１´に釘、ねじ釘等の固定金具１８ｂを挿通することにより、取り付け平板４１を左右に隣接する軒部屋根板１ａの固定片８間の下方において屋根下地に固定し、円形突起部４２を両側の軒部屋根板１ａの固定切欠９´に臨ませ、固定片８の上面に座金４４を被せてこれにボルト４３を挿通し、さらに座金４４の上方においてボルト４３にナット４５を螺合する。
この時、座金４４と取り付け平板４１の間隔を固定片８の厚みより僅かに広くすると共に、固定切欠９´の奥端と円形突起部４２の側面との間に隙間を設けて、軒部屋根板１ａの熱膨脹による伸縮が阻害されないようにする。また、ボルト４３で固定された座金４４が軒部屋根板１ａの固定片８の側端部を上から押さえているので、風圧に対する抵抗力が増す。
【００１７】
図９の（イ）乃至（ハ）は、軒部屋根板１ａが長手方向に伸縮して、隣接する軒部屋根板１ａ間の間隙幅が変わった状態を示す。
図９の（イ）は平常の間隔幅を示す。
図９の（ロ）は寒冷時の間隔幅を示す。
図９の（ハ）は高温時の間隔幅を示す。
【００１８】
次いで、軒部屋根板１ａの後方に隣接する屋根板１の係合部７を軒部屋根板１ａの係止片１１の後端裏面に係止し、軒部屋根板１ａと同様にして屋根板１を固定孔９及び固定切欠９´を介して固定する。この結果、図１４に示すように、軒部屋根板１ａの係止片１１の上に後方の屋根板１の捨板支持片６が載置され、係止片１１と捨板支持片６との接触面に、表面張力と毛細管現象による雨水の侵入を遮断する間隙が防水突条１２によって形成される。
これを順次繰り返して軒から棟に向かって屋根板１を葺き上げる。
次に、屋根板１の横への接続を説明する。なお、軒部屋根板１ａも他の屋根板１と同様に横へ接続されるので、その説明は省略する。
屋根板１を横に連結するキャップ２は、図１２及び図１３に示すように、適宜幅の帯板１９より成り、その後端を表面側前方に折り返して屋根板１の凹条連結部１０より一回り小径の断面略円弧状の回動湾曲部２０が形成される。
また、キャップ２の両側縁及び前端縁は裏面側に屈曲され、前端部に屋根板１の前端部表面に沿う湾曲部７７が形成され、その裏面下端に、屋根板１の前端部下縁にスナップ係合される係止突条２１が形成される。
【００１９】
さらに、帯板１９と湾曲部７７との境界部裏面に屈曲溝７８が形成され、これにより、湾曲部７７の弾力性が高まり、屈曲して取付けしやすくなる。
また、キャップ２の裏面に、帯板１９とほぼ同じ平面形状を有する断面波形の金属製の防水板２２が重合される。
【００２０】
キャップ２は次のように取付けられる。
図１３に示すように、キャップ２の後端の回動湾曲部２０を屋根板１の隣接する側端部において凹条連結部１０に嵌合し、キャップ２の前端部を裏面側に押圧する。すると、回動湾曲部２０及び凹条連結部１０が円弧状に形成されているので、キャップ２はスムーズに回動し、キャップ２の前端部が押し広げられながら屋根板１の湾曲する前端部表面に沿って降下し、最終的にキャップ２の係止突条２１が屋根板１の前端部下縁にスナップ係合される。そして、図１に示すように、隣接する屋根板１の側端部間の間隙がキャップ２で被覆される。
【００２１】
なお、図１１に示すように、キャップ２と屋根板１との間に防水板２２が密着して取付けられ、防水板２２の溝によってラビリンスを構成して水の表面張力防止空間２２´が形成され、水の表面張力に基づく毛細管現象による外部からの侵入水が完璧に遮蔽される。
【００２２】
また、左右に隣接する屋根板１の接続部側端部間の裏面に捨板４６を装着してさらに防水性を高める。
捨板４６は金属板を屈曲して形成され、図１６に示すように、勾配方向に沿う多数の排水溝２３を有し、排水溝２３の間に上端が内側に屈曲する水返し壁２４が形成される。
【００２３】
そして、上記排水溝２３によって捨板４６上に落下した雨水を軒側に排水すると共に、水返し壁２４が中心部から外方への水の流れを遮断するようになっており、図１１に示すように、キャップ２と捨板４６とで接続部は完璧な雨仕舞を構成している。
【００２４】
また、中央の排水溝２３´は他の排水溝２３より幅広く形成され、屋根板１を取付ける際の位置決め用溝となっていると共に、この排水溝２３´を目安にして屋根板１を取付けることにより、隣接する屋根板１間に間隙が形成され、屋根板１の熱膨張による歪み及び軋み音の発生を防止することができる。
更に、捨板４６の棟寄り端縁には防水壁２５が起立されている。
【００２５】
図１４及び図１５に示す如く、捨板４６は、屋根板１と一体化されるように、その片側部分が先に敷設された一方の屋根板１の捨板支持片６と後部捨板支持片８´との間に挿入されて、前記一方の屋根板１の側部裏面に重合される。また、図２５に示すように、捨板４６の他側部分に他方の屋根板１が上から被せられる。
【００２６】
この為に、屋根板１の捨板４６を装着する時に邪魔になる部分が予め切除される。すなわち、一方の屋根板１の係合部７の側端部は、図１７に示すように、捨板４６の挿入幅に相当する幅だけ予め切り欠かれる。また、図１８に示すように、他方の屋根板１は、その捨板支持片６、係合部７及び後部捨板支持片８´の側端部が、捨板４６の重合幅に相当する幅だけ予め切り欠かれる。この時、固定片８の側端部の固定切欠９´が同時に切除される。
なお、図１９に示すように、屋根板１の係合部７、捨板支持片６及び後部捨板支持片８´の基端部に沿って切り欠きを容易にする切り欠き溝８３が形成されている。図１９の斜線部分は切除する部分を示す。
【００２７】
上記のように、捨板支持片６、係合部７及び後部捨板支持片８´の側端部を切切り欠く際に、図２０に示すような接続部切欠用のガイドゲージ７３を用いると、正確なサイズで簡単迅速に切欠くことができて失敗が無く便利である。
ガイドゲージ７３は、屋根板１の勾配方向の長さに相当する長さと均一の幅を有する平板より成り、その後端が下方に屈曲されて位置決め垂下片４８が形成されている。
【００２８】
また、ガイドゲージ７３の一側縁の前端部において係合部７と合致する位置に、捨板４６の挿入幅と同幅の第１切除部２６が形成されると共に、後端部に固定切欠用切除部４７が形成される。
さらに、ガイドゲージ７３の他側縁の前端部において捨板支持片６から係合部７に亘る位置に、防水板２２の重合幅と同幅の第２切除部２７が形成されると共に、後端部において後部捨板支持片８´と合致する位置に、捨板４６の重合幅と同幅の第３切除部２８が形成され、第３切除部２８の後方に固定切欠用切除部４７が一側縁の固定切欠用切除部４７と対向するように形成される。
【００２９】
ガイドゲージ７３は次のように使用される。
まず、図２１に示すように、先に敷設される屋根板１の側端部裏面にガイドゲージ７３の一側部を、その側縁と屋根板１の側縁とを揃えて重ね、位置決め垂下片４８を屋根板１の固定片８の後端に引っ掛けて位置決めする。そして、屋根板１の係合部７が第１切除部２６の内側に露出する部分を切除する。また、切欠用切除部４７の内側に露出する部分を切除して固定切欠９´を形成する。
【００３０】
さらに、図２２に示すように、後から敷設される屋根板１の側端部裏面にガイドゲージ７３の他側部を、その側縁と屋根板１の側縁とを揃えて重ね、同じく位置決め垂下片４８を利用して位置決めする。そして、捨板支持片６及び係合部７の第２切除部２７の内側に露出する部分並びに後部捨板支持片８´の第３切除部２８の内側に露出する部分を切除する。また、固定切欠用切除部４７の内側に露出する部分を切除して固定切欠９´を形成する。
【００３１】
左右に隣接する屋根板１は次のように接続される。
先に説明したように一方の屋根板１を屋根下地に固定し、図１５及び図２３に示すように、この屋根板１の一側部裏面において捨板支持片６と後部捨板支持片８´との間に、捨板４６の片側半分を挿入する。この時、挿入幅は捨板４６の中央の排水溝２３´を目安としてその外側の部分を挿入する。
【００３２】
次に、図２４に示すように、捨板４６の片側半分が差し込まれた一方の屋根板１の側方からキャップ２を近付けて、キャップ２の回動湾曲部２０を屋根板１の凹条連結部１０に嵌合し、図２５に示すように、該凹条連結部１０に沿ってキャップ２を内側に摺動させておく。
次いで、図２６に示すように、捨板４６の他側半分の排水溝２３´より外側の部分に他方の屋根板１の側部を上方から重合し、該他方の屋根板１を屋根下地上に敷設する。
【００３３】
その後、キャップ２を屋根板１の凹条連結部１０に沿って外側方に摺動させ、隣接する屋根板１の接続部上方を覆い、先に説明したように、キャップ２の前端部を押圧して係止突条２１を屋根板１の前端部下縁にスナップ係合し、図１に示すように屋根を葺き上げる。
この結果、図１１に示すように、キャップ２と捨板４６が重合されてその間に屋根板１の接続端部が挟まれ、キャップ２及びこれに装着される防水板２２と捨板４６とは、左右に隣接する屋根板１の接続部を軒部から棟部に亘って三重に被覆して完璧な雨仕舞が達成される。
【００３４】
この接続構造によれば、図１１に示すように、屋根板１とこれに並列する屋根板１の間に捨板４６の排水溝２３´が現われ、屋根板１間に排水溝２３´の幅に相当する間隔が形成され、この間隙が屋根板１の温度変化による伸縮を吸収して熱膨脹による歪みと軋み音の発生を防止する。
又、並列して接続固定されている屋根板１の接続部裏面には捨板４６が装着され、万一捨板４６上に漏洩水が落下しても、排水溝２３，２３´がこれを軒方向へ排水し、防水壁２５が棟方向への逆流を防ぎ、水返し壁２４が側方への水の流入を防ぐ。
【００３５】
更に、屋根板１の接続部表面に装着されたキャップ２の防水板２２は屋根板１の上面に密着して複数の水の表面張力防止空間２２´を形成し、これらの表面張力防止空間２２´によって毛細管現象による雨水の侵入が防止される。
また、キャップ２と捨板４６は一切の止め金具を使用せず組立てられているので、互いに且つ屋根板１に対して摺動可能であり、地震による位置ずれをも吸収することができて耐震性に富む。
【００３６】
なお、キャップ２は、捨板４６を一方の屋根板１の側端部下面に差し込む前に、一方の屋根板１の上面に摺動可能に装着しておいても良い。また、キャップ２の回動湾曲部２０及び屋根板１の凹条連結部１０は弾力性に富む形状をしているので、隣接する屋根板１を捨板４６を介して接続した後、接続部の上方においてキャップ２の回動湾曲部２０を屋根板１の凹条連結部１０に係合し、さらにキャップ２の前端部を押圧して取り付けることができる。
このようにして、図３及び図４に示すように、キャップ２と捨板４６は軒部から棟部まで重複して重合され、完璧な雨仕舞を構成している。
【００３７】
図２、図４及び図２７に示すように、両側屋根面の最も上段に敷設された屋根板１間に棟部材４が架設される。棟部材４は長手方向に複数に分割されると共に、棟連結部材５７を介して連結されている。また、棟部材４の両端には棟端部部材５８が装着されている。
【００３８】
図２８に示すように、棟部材４は上方凸に湾曲する冠部５９を有し、その下面両側から側壁６０が垂下されると共に、側壁６０の外方において冠部５９の両端に係合屈曲部６１が下方に向いて形成されている。また、側壁６０の下端部内面から内方に水平に張り出し、その先端を下方に屈曲して支脚６３が形成される。さらに、冠部５９の下面の幅方向中央部にボルト固定溝６４が長手方向に沿って設けられる。
【００３９】
この棟部材４は、図２７に示すように、左右屋根面の最上段に配置される屋根板１，１間に架設され、その支脚６３が屋根板１の上面に載置される。また、屋根下地に取付けられた固定ボルト６８の上端がボルト固定溝６４内に挿入されると共に、ボルト固定溝６４内に収納された抜け止め座金７０を介してナット６９が螺合されて、棟部材４が屋根下地に固定される。
【００４０】
棟連結部材５７は、図２９に示すように、棟部材４の外面に沿う形状を成しており、その両側下端に棟部材４の側壁６０下端に摺動可能に係合する棟部材係合部６５が形成され、該棟部材係合部６５の上方に棟部材４の係合屈曲部６１に摺動可能に係合する摺動係止部６６が形成されている。
また、棟連結部材５７の天部裏面に断面波状の下面を有するパッキング６７が重合され、このパッキング６７が棟部材４の冠部５９との間に介在されるようになっている。このため、棟連結部材５７と棟部材４との隙間から雨水が侵入することがない。
【００４１】
棟部材４を長手方向に連結するには、図３０に示すように、先に配置した棟部材４の端部から棟連結部材５７を嵌め込み、棟部材４の側壁６０下端及び係合屈曲部６１に棟連結部材５７の棟部材係合部６５及び摺動係止部６６を係止して、棟部材４の外面に棟連結部材５７を被せておく。
次に、先に配置した棟部材４に隣接してその延長上に他の棟部材４を配置した後、棟連結部材５７を矢印方向に摺動して隣接する２本の棟部材４，４の接続端部を被覆し、棟部材４に対して雨仕舞構造を構成している。
【００４２】
ところで、屋根下地の勾配方向の長さは、家屋の大きさ、軒の張り出し長さ、屋根の勾配等によって変化し、屋根板１の勾配方向の長さの合計と屋根下地の長さとの間に誤差が生ずる。このような場合は、最上段の屋根板１とその表面に架設される棟部材４との重合幅を変えることによって、上記誤差を吸収することができる。
すなわち、屋根板１の長さの合計が屋根下地の長さに対して短い場合は、図３１の（イ）に示すように、棟部材４の外側下部に形成された支脚６３に屋根板１の係止片１１の前端が近づき、この位置で固定片８が固定されてマイナス調節取付となる。
【００４３】
また、屋根板１の長さの合計が屋根下地の長さに対して基準通りであり、棟部分における調節が不要の場合は、図３１の（ロ）に示すように、棟部材４の下方において、その片側の中央位置に屋根板１の固定片８が位置して固定され、標準取付となる。
屋根板１の長さの合計が屋根下地の長さに対して長い場合は、図３１の（ハ）に示すように、屋根板１の固定片８が棟部材４の下方において屋根頂部に接近し、この位置で固定されてプラス調節取付となる。
【００４４】
しかし、屋根板１を軒部から棟部に向かって葺き上げる時、屋根板１の合計長さと屋根下地の長さとの誤差があまり大きく、棟部材４の内部における調節可能幅を越えると、屋根材１を棟部材４の下方に固定することができない。すなわち、屋根板１の合計長さが長くて棟部材４の下方に納まりきれず、かといって、屋根板１の枚数を１枚少なくすると、屋根板１の後端が棟部材４の下方に達しない場合がある。
この時、従来の段葺き屋根では、屋根板１を棟部材４の下方に葺き納めるために、幅の異なる規格外の屋根板を最上段用の屋根板として製造したり、最上段の屋根板１を切断したり、別部材を溶接等で取付けなければならないので、経済性、施工性、生産性、美観性等の観点において非常に不合理である。
【００４５】
ところで、上記のような誤差がある場合は、屋根板１の合計長さに対して屋根板１の勾配方向の長さの半分の長さをプラス方向あるいはマイナス方向に調整すれば、最上段の屋根板１を必ず棟部材４の下方に葺き納めることができるはずである。
つまり、広幅の屋根板１（以下、広幅材という）と、これよりやや狭幅の屋根板１（以下、狭幅材という）とを用意し、これら２種類の屋根板１を組み合わせ、広幅材と狭幅材との長さの差によって最大限狭幅材の長さの１／２の幅調節を行えば、屋根板１の合計長さと屋根下地の長さとの誤差は、棟部材４による調節可能幅より小さくなる。これにより、規格品の屋根板１を用いてどの様な長さの屋根をも仕上げることができ、最上段の屋根板１に加工を施す必要も無くなり、経済性、施工性、生産性、美観性が優れたものとなる。
【００４６】
なお、屋根板１の勾配方向の長さは、あまり大きくすると、製造が困難で製造コストが上昇するばかりか、取扱いが難しく、美観にも問題が生じ、また、あまり小さくすると、使用枚数が増えて施工コストが増大すると共に、流通段階における管理が面倒であるため、重なり部分の幅を除いた有効長さを１８０ｍｍ以上３５０ｍｍ以下とするのが適当である。
【００４７】
次に、具体的な実例をあげて、勾配方向の誤差調整について説明する。
屋根下地の勾配方向の長さは家屋の間口、傾斜角度、軒の張り出し寸法によって異なる。これらの関係を表１に示す。
【００４８】
【表１】
図３２において、Ａは棟部材４の幅、ＢはＡから係合屈曲部６１の幅Ｅ及び支脚６３の幅Ｄを引いた内部空間幅、Ｆは屋根板１の係止片１１の幅と固定片８の幅との合計、Ｊは狹幅材の重なり部分を除く勾配方向の有効長さ、Ｉは広幅材の有効長さ、Ｈは固定ボルト６８の屋根下地の片側に対する固定部分の幅を示す。
【００４９】
すると、棟部材４内での屋根板１の調節可能幅Ｍは、棟部材４の半部において
Ｍ＝Ｂ／２−２×（Ｆ＋Ｈ）と成り、
プラス方向及びマイナス方向の調整許容範囲Ｎは
Ｎ＝Ｍ／２となる。
【００５０】
また、図３１の（ロ）に示す標準取り付けとした時の、屋根の頂部から最上段の屋根板１の係止片１１の前端（最上段の屋根板１の有効長さの後端）までの距離をＲとすると、
Ｒ＝Ｈ＋Ｎ＋Ｆとなる。
【００５１】
従って、屋根板１を基準位置に取り付けた時の、軒から最上段の屋根板１までの有効長さの合計である基準長さＰは、屋根下地の勾配方向の長さから上記Ｒを差し引いた長さとなる。
そして、広幅材及び狭幅材の有効長さの総計と基準長さＰとの差が必要な調整幅となり、これが棟部材４における調整許容範囲Ｎより小さい場合に敷設可能である。
【００５２】
実例として、Ｉが３５０ｍｍの広幅材と、Ｊが３２０ｍｍの狹幅材と、Ａが３００ｍｍの棟部材４を用い、また、Ｅは５ｍｍ、Ｄは５ｍｍ、Ｆは２５ｍｍ、Ｈは１５ｍｍとする。
すると、この棟部材４においては、
Ｂ＝３００−（２×５＋２×５）＝２８０ｍｍ，Ｂ／２＝１４０ｍｍである。
【００５３】
調節可能幅Ｍは、上記式により、
１４０−（２５＋１５）＝１００ｍｍ となり、
Ｎ＝１００／２＝５０ｍｍと成る。
また、Ｒ＝１５＋５０＋２５＝９０ｍｍと成る。
【００５４】
以上の条件で屋根下地の長さが２５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、３０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、３５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、４０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、４５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、５０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、５５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時の敷設可能な組み合わせを、表２、表３、表４、表５表５、表６、表７及び表８にそれぞれ示す。
【００５５】
【表２】
【００５６】
【表３】
【００５７】
【表４】
【００５８】
【表５】
【００５９】
【表６】
【００６０】
【表７】
【００６１】
【表８】
すなわち、以上の表に示された例では、プラス方向及びマイナス方向の調整幅が調整許容範囲Ｎ＝５０ｍｍより小さくなる。また、これらの表から、広幅材を狭幅材に１枚置き換えるごとに、屋根板１の有効長さの合計は広幅材と狭幅材の長さの差である３０ｍｍづつ変わることがわかる。
【００６２】
他の実例として、Ｉが２５０ｍｍの広幅材と、Ｊが２２５ｍｍの狹幅材と、先の実例と同様の棟部材４とを用いる。
棟部材４は変更されないので、調節可能幅Ｍ、調整許容範囲Ｎ及び屋根の頂部から最上段の屋根板１の係止片１１の前端までの距離Ｒは先の実例と同じ値である。
【００６３】
以上の条件で屋根下地の長さが２５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、３０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、３５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、４０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、４５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、５０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、５５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時の敷設可能な組み合わせを、表９、表１０、表１１、表１２、表１３、表１４及び表１５にそれぞれ示す。
【００６４】
【表９】
【００６５】
【表１０】
【００６６】
【表１１】
【００６７】
【表１２】
【００６８】
【表１３】
【００６９】
【表１４】
【００７０】
【表１５】
以上の表に示された例では、プラス方向及びマイナス方向の調整幅が調整許容範囲Ｎ＝５０ｍｍより小さくなる。また、この場合は、広幅材と狭幅材を１枚置き換えるごとに、屋根板１の有効長さの合計が２５ｍｍづつ変化する。
【００７１】
更に他の実例として、Ｉが２００ｍｍの広幅材と、Ｊが１８０ｍｍの狹幅材と、前の２例と同様の棟部材４を用いる。
従って、調節可能幅Ｍ、調整許容範囲Ｎ及び屋根の頂部から最上段の屋根板１の係止片１１の前端までの距離Ｒは先の実例と同じ値である。
【００７２】
以上の条件で屋根下地の長さが２５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、３０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、３５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、４０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、４５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、５０００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時、５５００ｍｍの屋根を仕上げた時の敷設可能な組み合わせを、表１６、表１７、表１８、表１９、表２０、表２１及び表２２にそれぞれ示す。
【００７３】
【表１６】
【００７４】
【表１７】
【００７５】
【表１８】
【００７６】
【表１９】
【００７７】
【表２０】
【００７８】
【表２１】
【００７９】
【表２２】
以上の表に示された例では、プラス方向及びマイナス方向の調整幅が調整許容範囲Ｎ＝５０ｍｍより小さくなる。また、この時、広幅材と狭幅材を１枚置き換えるごとに、屋根板１の有効長さの合計が両者の長さの差である２０ｍｍづつ変化する。
【００８０】
なお、広幅材と狭幅材とを組合せる場合に、上記実例においては広幅材を基準としてこれに適宜枚数の狭幅材を組合わせたが、狭幅材を基準として組合せる方法もある。実際の施工では、これらの敷設可能な組み合わせの中から、使用枚数が少なくなるように、且つ誤差が小さくなるように選択して、工費が低廉となるようにすることが望ましい。
また、屋根板１の勾配方向の長さは、１８０〜３５０ｍｍの範囲であれば任意に変えることができる。
【００８１】
【発明の効果】
本発明の屋根葺きにおける長さ調節方法によれば、２種類の屋根板を適宜組み合わせるだけで、勾配方向の長さがどのような屋根であっても葺くことができ、屋根を葺き納めるために規格外の屋根板を製造したり、最上段の屋根板に切断、折り曲げ、溶接等の加工を施す必要がないので、屋根を低コストで効率良く仕上げることができる。
また、最上段の屋根板の寸法だけが他の屋根板と全く異なったり、別部材を継ぎ足した部分が外観に現れないので、体裁が良い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る屋根の要部斜視図
【図２】同上の全体斜視図
【図３】同上の軒部断面図
【図４】同上の棟部断面図
【図５】屋根板の斜視図
【図６】軒先部材の斜視図
【図７】軒部屋根板の取付け過程を示す断面図
【図８】左右に隣接する屋根板の接続部のキャップ装着前の斜視図
【図９】屋根板の接続部の熱膨脹による変化を示す要部平面図
【図１０】左右に隣接する屋根板の接続部の要部断面図
【図１１】外装版、捨板及びキャップの断面図
【図１２】キャップの分解斜視図
【図１３】キャップの装着方法を示す縦断面図とキャップ装着前の縦断面図
【図１４】屋根板の前後の接続部の断面図
【図１５】捨板を装着した一方の屋根板の要部斜視図
【図１６】捨板の斜視図
【図１７】先に敷設される屋根板の側端部裏面斜視図と断面図
【図１８】後から敷設される屋根板の側端部裏面斜視図
【図１９】屋根板の要部側面図
【図２０】接続部切欠用のガイドゲージの斜視図
【図２１】先に敷設される屋根板の加工方法を説明する斜視図
【図２２】後から敷設される屋根板の加工方法を説明する斜視図
【図２３】屋根板の横の接続過程の第１段階を示す側面図
【図２４】屋根板の横の接続過程の第２段階を示す斜視図
【図２５】屋根板の横の接続過程の第３段階を示す斜視図
【図２６】屋根板の横の接続過程の第４段階を示す斜視図
【図２７】棟部の断面図
【図２８】棟部材の斜視図
【図２９】棟連結部材の斜視図
【図３０】棟部材の連結途中の斜視図
【図３１】棟部分における長さ調節を示す断面図
【図３２】長さ調節の計算に必要な各部分の幅を説明する断面図
【符号の説明】
１ 屋根板
１ａ 軒部屋根板
２ キャップ
３ ケラバ部材
４ 棟部材
５ 水切突条
６ 捨板支持片
６´ 捨板支持片
７ 係合部
７´ 切り欠き溝
８ 固定片
８´ 後部捨板支持片
９ 固定孔
９´ 固定切欠
１０ 凹条連結部
１１ 係止片
１２ 防水突条
１３ 軒先部材係止フィン
１４ 軒先部材
１５ 化粧面
１６ 取り付け片
１７ フランジ
１８，１８ａ，１８ｂ 固定金具
１９ 帯板
２０ 回動湾曲部
２１ 係止突条
２２ 防水板
２２´ 表面張力防止空間
２３，２３´ 排水溝
２４ 水返し壁
２５ 防水壁
２６ 第１切除部
２７ 第２切除部
２８ 第３切除部
３９ 取り付け孔
４０ 屋根板固定具
４１ 取り付け平板
４１´ 固定金具取付け孔
４２ 円形突起部
４３ ボルト
４４ 座金
４５ ナット
４６ 捨板
４７ 固定切欠用切除部
４８ 位置決め垂下片
５７ 棟連結部材
５８ 棟端部部材
５９ 冠部
６０ 側壁
６１ 係合屈曲部
６２ 抑え係合片
６３ 支脚
６４ ボルト固定溝
６５ 棟部材係合部
６６ 摺動係止部
６７ パッキング
６８ 固定ボルト
７０ 抜け止め座金
７２ 回転係合片
７３ ガイドゲージ
７７ 湾曲部
７８ 屈曲溝
８３ 切り欠き溝[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the length of a roof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art A stepped roof in which a plurality of horizontally long roof shingles are arranged side by side and front and rear ends of front and rear adjacent shingles are engaged with each other is conventionally known.
In such a conventional stepped roof, the roof is laid from the eave to the ridge using one type of shingle having the same dimension in the gradient direction. The roof shingle cannot be put on the roof, and the top shingle is cut off, another member is attached to the rear end of the shingle, attached by caulking, etc. There must be.
For this reason, there are inconveniences such as a high manufacturing cost, an increase in on-site processing and poor workability, and a bad appearance because only the exposed dimension of the top shingle is clearly different from other shingles, This has hindered its spread in the general market.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for adjusting the length of a roof that can be applied to a roof surface of any length by simply using two types of roofing plates and that is easy to construct. .
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The length adjusting method for roofing according to the present invention includes laying a plurality of horizontally long shingles in front and rear and right and left, and engaging a front end of a rear shingle with a rear end of a front shingle. On a roof with a ridge member installed between the surfaces of the upper roof shingles, two types of shingles with different widths in the front-rear direction are combined, and the total length of the shingles is approximated to the length of the roof base in the gradient direction. At the same time, the difference between the total length of the shingles and the length of the roof base is absorbed by changing the overlap width between the top shingle and the ridge member.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the roof of the present invention.
[0006]
A large number of laterally long shingles 1 are fixed side by side on the roof foundation of the gable roof, and the front and rear ends of the shingles 1 adjacent to each other in the front and rear direction (gradient direction) are engaged with each other. A cap 2 is erected between the upper surfaces of the side edges of the roof shingles 1 adjacent to each other on the left and right sides, and the roof shingles 1 are connected to each other.
[0007]
Further, the outer edge of the shingle 1 located at the side edge of the roof is engaged with the inner portion of the keraba member 3 arranged along the wife surface, and the ridge member 4 is arranged along the roof ridge. You.
In order to simplify the drawing, the shingles are laid in two horizontal rows, but three or more shingles may be juxtaposed depending on the roof width and the length of the shingle 1.
[0008]
The shingle 1 is made of an extruded product made of a metal such as an aluminum alloy or a synthetic resin, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, its front end is curved downward to have a convex surface, and is drained toward the lower end of the rear surface. A protruding ridge 5 is formed, and a discarded plate support piece 6 having an L-shaped cross section, which is hung downward on the lower surface near the front end and bent rearward from the front end, is formed.
Further, an engaging portion 7 having an inverted L-shaped cross section is formed slightly downward from the discarding plate supporting piece 6 and is bent forward from its tip.
[0009]
A rear end of the shingle 1 is bent downward, and a fixing piece 8 extending in the front-rear direction is provided at a lower end thereof, and a front portion of the fixing piece 8 has a rear discarding plate supporting piece 8 ′ cooperating with the discarding plate supporting piece 6. Have been. In addition, a plurality of fixing holes 9 are formed in the rear portion of the fixing piece 8 at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction, and a long fixing notch 9 ′ is formed at a side edge of the fixing piece 8. Of these fixing holes 9, the center one is a circular hole, and the ones on both sides thereof are long horizontally long holes.
[0010]
Further, a concave connecting portion 10 having a substantially arc-shaped cross section is formed near the rear end of the shingle 1 and is turned forward in front of the surface. A locking piece 11 projecting in the longitudinal direction on the upper surface of the concave connecting portion 10 is formed in the longitudinal direction. It is provided along. A plurality of waterproof ridges 12 are formed on the surface of the locking piece 11 at intervals in the front-rear direction along the longitudinal direction.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the eaves roof slab 1a arranged closest to the eaves in the roof shingle 1 is replaced with the drainage ridges 5 near the lower end of the rear surface, and the eaves top member protrudes longer in the ridge direction. It has a locking fin 13. The structure of the other part of the eaves roof shingle 1a is the same as that of the roof shingle 1 laid behind it, so that the description is omitted.
[0011]
The shingle 1 is connected in the front-rear direction as follows.
First, as shown in FIG. 3, an eaves tip member 14 serving as a reference member for a mounting position of the roof shingle 1 is attached to an eaves edge of a roof base.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the eaves tip member 14 includes a decorative surface 15 for closing the eaves end surface of the roof base, and a mounting piece 16 formed along the length direction at an intermediate portion of the ridge side surface of the decorative surface 15. And a flange 17 extending forward and backward from the upper end of the decorative surface 15.
Further, mounting holes 39 are formed in the decorative surface 15 and the mounting pieces 16 at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction. Of these mounting holes 39, the central one is a circular hole, and the one on both sides thereof is a horizontally long hole. Then, the decorative surface 15 is in contact with the eave end surface of the roof base, and the mounting piece 16 is in contact with the upper surface of the roof base, respectively, and fixing brackets 18 such as nails and screw nails are inserted into the mounting holes 39, and the eaves tip member 14 is fixed. Is done.
[0013]
Next, as shown in FIG. 7A, the eaves roof plate 1a is arranged so as to cover the upper part of the eaves tip member 14, and as shown in FIG. And the eaves member locking fins 13 are engaged with the back surface of the front end of the flange 17 of the eaves member 14, and after the eaves roof plate 1a is pushed down, the eaves direction is shifted in the eaves direction as shown in FIG. The engaging portion 7 is moved to engage the rear surface of the rear end of the flange 17. Then, as shown in (d) of FIG. 7, the eaves shingle 1 a is fixed to the roof foundation by attaching the fixing bracket 18 a such as a nail or a screw nail to the roof foundation through the fixing hole 9.
[0014]
As described above, the eaves member 14 is fixed to the eaves end surface and the upper surface of the roof base, and the eaves roof plate 1a is fixed to the eaves member locking fins 13 and the engaging portions 7 at the two places. And the fixing piece 8 of the eaves roof slab 1a is fixed to the base of the roof, so that the strength of the eaves against the wind pressure becomes very large, so that there is no fear that the roof is blown up by strong wind and the roof is damaged. Thus, a wind pressure resistant structure is configured.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 8, the side edges of the eaves roof shingles 1a arranged side by side are fixed at intervals using a roof shingle fixing device 40 in order to prevent distortion and squeak due to thermal expansion peculiar to metal. You.
As shown in FIG. 10, the roof plate fixing device 40 includes a mounting flat plate 41 having left and right fixing metal mounting holes 41 ′, a circular protrusion 42 formed at the center of the upper surface, and a circular protrusion 42. And a nut 45 screwed to the bolt 43 on the upper surface of the washer 44.
[0016]
Then, the fixing flat plate 41 is fixed to the roof foundation below the fixing piece 8 of the eaves roof plate 1a adjacent to the left and right by inserting the fixing bracket 18b such as a nail or a screw nail into the fixing bracket mounting hole 41 '. The circular projection 42 faces the fixing notch 9 ′ of the eaves roof plate 1 a on both sides, the washer 44 is put on the upper surface of the fixing piece 8, the bolt 43 is inserted through the washer 44, and the bolt 43 is placed above the washer 44. The nut 45 is screwed.
At this time, the gap between the washer 44 and the mounting flat plate 41 is made slightly wider than the thickness of the fixing piece 8, and a gap is provided between the deep end of the fixing notch 9 ′ and the side surface of the circular projection 42. The expansion and contraction of the plate 1a due to thermal expansion is not hindered. In addition, since the washer 44 fixed by the bolt 43 presses the side end of the fixing piece 8 of the eaves roof plate 1a from above, the resistance against wind pressure increases.
[0017]
FIGS. 9A to 9C show a state in which the eaves roof shingle 1a expands and contracts in the longitudinal direction and the gap width between the adjacent eaves shingles 1a changes.
FIG. 9A shows a normal interval width.
FIG. 9B shows the interval width in cold weather.
FIG. 9C shows the interval width at a high temperature.
[0018]
Next, the engaging portion 7 of the roof panel 1 adjacent to the rear of the eave panel 1a is locked to the rear surface of the rear end of the locking piece 11 of the eave panel 1a. The plate 1 is fixed via the fixing holes 9 and the fixing notches 9 '. As a result, as shown in FIG. 14, the discarded plate support piece 6 of the rear roofing plate 1 is placed on the locking piece 11 of the eaves roof plate 1a. A gap is formed by the waterproof ridges 12 on the contact surface to block rainwater from entering due to surface tension and capillary action.
This is sequentially repeated, and the shingle 1 is laid from the eave to the ridge.
Next, the connection of the shingle 1 to the side will be described. Since the eaves roof shingle 1a is also connected to the side like the other shingles 1, the description is omitted.
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the cap 2 for connecting the roof panel 1 to the side is formed of a strip 19 having an appropriate width. A turning curved portion 20 having a substantially smaller diameter and a substantially circular cross section is formed.
Also, both side edges and the front edge of the cap 2 are bent to the back side, and a curved portion 77 is formed at the front end along the front end surface of the roof shingle 1. A locking ridge 21 to be engaged is formed.
[0019]
Further, a bending groove 78 is formed on the back surface of the boundary between the band plate 19 and the bending portion 77, whereby the elasticity of the bending portion 77 is increased, and the bending portion 77 is easily bent and attached.
Further, on the back surface of the cap 2, a metal waterproof plate 22 having a cross section corrugated and having substantially the same planar shape as the band plate 19 is superposed.
[0020]
The cap 2 is attached as follows.
As shown in FIG. 13, the turning curved portion 20 at the rear end of the cap 2 is fitted to the concave connecting portion 10 at the adjacent side end of the roof plate 1, and the front end of the cap 2 is pressed to the back side. . Then, since the turning bending portion 20 and the concave streak connecting portion 10 are formed in an arc shape, the cap 2 turns smoothly, and the front end of the cap 2 is pushed out while the front end of the cap 2 is expanded. It descends along the surface, and finally the locking ridge 21 of the cap 2 is snap-engaged with the lower edge of the front end of the shingle 1. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the gap between the side edges of the adjacent shingle 1 is covered with the cap 2.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 11, a waterproof plate 22 is attached between the cap 2 and the roof plate 1 in close contact with each other, and a groove of the waterproof plate 22 forms a labyrinth to form a surface tension preventing space 22 'for water. Thus, invasion of water from the outside due to capillary action based on the surface tension of water is completely shielded.
[0022]
In addition, a waterproof plate 46 is attached to the back surface between the connection portion side ends of the roof plate 1 adjacent to the left and right to further enhance the waterproofness.
The discard plate 46 is formed by bending a metal plate. As shown in FIG. 16, the drain plate 23 has a large number of drain grooves 23 along the gradient direction. It is formed.
[0023]
The drainage groove 23 drains the rainwater that has fallen on the discarded plate 46 to the eaves side, and the return wall 24 blocks the flow of water from the center to the outside. As shown, the connection between the cap 2 and the discard plate 46 constitutes a perfect rain.
[0024]
The central drainage groove 23 'is formed wider than the other drainage grooves 23, serves as a positioning groove when the roof panel 1 is mounted, and the roof panel 1 is mounted using the drainage groove 23' as a guide. Accordingly, a gap is formed between the adjacent roof shingles 1, and it is possible to prevent distortion and squeak noise due to thermal expansion of the roof shingle 1.
Further, a waterproof wall 25 is erected on the edge of the trash plate 46 near the ridge.
[0025]
As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the trash plate 46 is integrated with the shingle 1, and one side portion of the trash plate 46 is laid first, and the trash plate support piece 6 and the rear trash plate support of the one roof plate 1 are laid. It is inserted between the pieces 8 ′ and is superposed on the side back surface of the one shingle 1. Further, as shown in FIG. 25, the other roof plate 1 is put on the other side portion of the waste plate 46 from above.
[0026]
For this reason, the part which becomes an obstacle when mounting the discard plate 46 of the roof shingle 1 is cut in advance. That is, the side end of the engaging portion 7 of the one roof plate 1 is cut in advance by a width corresponding to the insertion width of the discarded plate 46 as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 18, in the other roof plate 1, the side ends of the discarded plate support piece 6, the engaging portion 7, and the rear discarded plate support piece 8 ′ correspond to the overlap width of the discarded plate 46. Cut out in advance by the width. At this time, the fixing notch 9 'at the side end of the fixing piece 8 is cut off at the same time.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 19, a notch groove 83 is formed along the base end of the engaging portion 7, the discarded plate support piece 6, and the rear discarded plate support piece 8 'of the roof plate 1 to facilitate the notch. Have been. The hatched portion in FIG. 19 indicates a portion to be cut.
[0027]
As described above, when the side end portions of the discarded plate support piece 6, the engaging portion 7, and the rear discarded plate support piece 8 'are notched, the guide gauge 73 for notching the connection portion as shown in FIG. 20 is used. It can be easily and quickly cut out with the correct size, and is convenient without failure.
The guide gauge 73 is made of a flat plate having a length equivalent to the length of the roof plate 1 in the gradient direction and a uniform width, and a rear end thereof is bent downward to form a positioning hanging piece 48.
[0028]
In addition, a first cutout 26 having the same width as the insertion width of the discard plate 46 is formed at a position corresponding to the engaging portion 7 at the front end of one side edge of the guide gauge 73, and a fixed notch is formed at the rear end. A resection portion 47 is formed.
Further, a second cutout portion 27 having the same width as the overlap width of the waterproof plate 22 is formed at a position extending from the discarded plate support piece 6 to the engagement portion 7 at the front end of the other side edge of the guide gauge 73, and A third cutout portion 28 having the same width as the overlap width of the cutout plate 46 is formed at a position corresponding to the rear cutout plate support piece 8 ′ at the end, and a fixed cutout cutout portion 47 is provided behind the third cutout portion 28. It is formed so as to face the fixed notch cutout portion 47 on one side edge.
[0029]
The guide gauge 73 is used as follows.
First, as shown in FIG. 21, one side of the guide gauge 73 is overlapped on the back surface of the side edge of the roof shingle 1 to be laid first, with its side edge aligned with the side edge of the roof shingle 1, and positioning drooping is performed. The piece 48 is hooked on the rear end of the fixing piece 8 of the roof plate 1 and positioned. Then, a portion where the engaging portion 7 of the roof plate 1 is exposed inside the first cut portion 26 is cut off. Further, a portion exposed inside the cutout notch 47 is cut out to form a fixed cutout 9 '.
[0030]
Further, as shown in FIG. 22, the other side of the guide gauge 73 is superimposed on the back surface of the side end of the shingle 1 to be laid later, with its side edge aligned with the side edge of the shingle 1, and similarly positioned. Positioning is performed using the hanging piece 48. Then, a portion of the discarded plate support piece 6 and the engaging portion 7 exposed inside the second cutout portion 27 and a portion of the rear discarded plate support piece 8 'exposed inside the third cutout portion 28 are cut off. In addition, a portion exposed inside the fixed notch cutout portion 47 is cut out to form a fixed notch 9 ′.
[0031]
The left and right adjacent shingles 1 are connected as follows.
As described above, one roof plate 1 is fixed to the roof foundation, and as shown in FIGS. 15 and 23, a trash plate support piece 6 and a rear trash plate support piece 8 ′, Insert one half of the discard plate 46. At this time, the outer part of the insertion width is inserted using the drainage groove 23 'at the center of the discard plate 46 as a guide.
[0032]
Next, as shown in FIG. 24, the cap 2 is approached from the side of the one roof plate 1 into which one half of the discard plate 46 is inserted, and the turning curved portion 20 of the cap 2 is moved to the concave shape of the roof plate 1. The cap 2 is fitted to the connecting portion 10 and the cap 2 is slid inward along the concave streak connecting portion 10 as shown in FIG.
Next, as shown in FIG. 26, the side of the other roof plate 1 is superimposed on a portion outside the drainage groove 23 'on the other half of the waste plate 46 from above, and the other roof plate 1 is placed on the roof foundation. To lay.
[0033]
Thereafter, the cap 2 is slid outward along the concave connecting portion 10 of the shingle 1 to cover the connection portion of the adjacent shingle 1 and press the front end of the cap 2 as described above. Then, the locking ridge 21 is snap-engaged with the lower edge of the front end of the roof panel 1, and the roof is laid up as shown in FIG.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, the cap 2 and the discard plate 46 are superimposed, the connection end of the roof plate 1 is sandwiched between them, and the cap 2 and the waterproof plate 22 and the discard plate 46 attached thereto are In addition, the connection part of the roof plate 1 adjacent to the right and left is triple-covered from the eaves part to the ridge part, so that perfect raining is achieved.
[0034]
According to this connection structure, as shown in FIG. 11, the drain groove 23 ′ of the trash plate 46 appears between the roof shingle 1 and the roof shingle 1 arranged in parallel with the roof shingle 1, and the width of the drain groove 23 ′ between the roof shingles 1. Is formed, and this gap absorbs expansion and contraction due to a temperature change of the shingle 1 to prevent distortion and squeak noise due to thermal expansion.
Further, a discard plate 46 is mounted on the back surface of the connection part of the roof plate 1 which is connected and fixed in parallel, and even if leaked water falls on the discard plate 46, the drain grooves 23, 23 'remove this. Water is drained toward the eaves, the waterproof wall 25 prevents backflow in the ridge direction, and the water return wall 24 prevents water from flowing to the side.
[0035]
Further, the waterproof plate 22 of the cap 2 mounted on the connection portion surface of the roof plate 1 is in close contact with the upper surface of the roof plate 1 to form a plurality of surface tension preventing spaces 22 'for water, and these surface tension preventing spaces 22' are formed. 'Prevents rainwater from entering by capillary action.
In addition, since the cap 2 and the discard plate 46 are assembled without using any fasteners, they can slide with each other and with respect to the roof plate 1, and can absorb the displacement caused by an earthquake, and can withstand earthquakes. Rich in nature.
[0036]
Note that the cap 2 may be slidably mounted on the upper surface of the one roof plate 1 before inserting the waste plate 46 into the lower surface of the side end portion of the one roof plate 1. Further, since the turning curved portion 20 of the cap 2 and the concave streak connecting portion 10 of the roof plate 1 have a shape with high elasticity, after connecting the adjacent roof plate 1 via the discard plate 46, the connecting portion is formed. Above, the turning curved portion 20 of the cap 2 can be engaged with the concave connecting portion 10 of the shingle 1 and further, the front end of the cap 2 can be pressed and attached.
In this way, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cap 2 and the trash plate 46 are overlapped from the eaves to the ridge so as to form a perfect rain.
[0037]
As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 and FIG. 27, the ridge member 4 is installed between the shingles 1 laid on the uppermost stage on both sides of the roof surface. The ridge member 4 is divided into a plurality in the longitudinal direction, and is connected via the ridge connection member 57. Further, ridge end members 58 are attached to both ends of the ridge member 4.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 28, the ridge member 4 has a crown portion 59 that curves upwardly convex, the side wall 60 hangs down from both lower surfaces thereof, and engages with both ends of the crown portion 59 outside the side wall 60. The part 61 is formed facing downward. Further, the supporting leg 63 is formed by horizontally projecting inward from the inner surface of the lower end portion of the side wall 60 and bending the tip thereof downward. Further, a bolt fixing groove 64 is provided along the longitudinal direction at the center of the lower surface of the crown portion 59 in the width direction.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 27, the ridge member 4 is installed between the roof plates 1 and 1 arranged at the uppermost stage of the left and right roof surfaces, and its support legs 63 are placed on the upper surface of the roof plate 1. Further, the upper end of the fixing bolt 68 attached to the base of the roof is inserted into the bolt fixing groove 64, and the nut 69 is screwed through the retaining washer 70 housed in the bolt fixing groove 64, so that the ridge is formed. The member 4 is fixed to the roof foundation.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 29, the ridge connection member 57 has a shape along the outer surface of the ridge member 4 and has a ridge member engagement slidably engaged with a lower end of a side wall 60 of the ridge member 4 at lower ends on both sides thereof. A portion 65 is formed, and a sliding locking portion 66 is formed above the ridge member engaging portion 65 so as to slidably engage with the engaging bent portion 61 of the ridge member 4.
A packing 67 having a corrugated lower surface is superimposed on the back surface of the top of the ridge connection member 57, and the packing 67 is interposed between the ridge member 4 and the crown 59. Therefore, rainwater does not enter through the gap between the ridge connection member 57 and the ridge member 4.
[0041]
In order to connect the ridge members 4 in the longitudinal direction, as shown in FIG. 30, the ridge connection member 57 is fitted from the end of the ridge member 4 arranged first, and the lower end of the side wall 60 and the engagement bending portion 61 of the ridge member 4 are fitted. The ridge member engaging portion 65 and the sliding locking portion 66 of the ridge connection member 57 are locked on the ridge connection member 57, and the ridge connection member 57 is put on the outer surface of the ridge member 4.
Next, after arranging another ridge member 4 on its extension adjacent to the ridge member 4 previously arranged, the ridge connecting member 57 is slid in the direction of the arrow to move the two adjacent ridge members 4, 4. Of the ridge member 4 to form a rain-closing structure.
[0042]
By the way, the length of the roof base in the slope direction varies depending on the size of the house, the length of the overhang of the eaves, the slope of the roof, and the like. Error occurs. In such a case, the above error can be absorbed by changing the overlapping width of the uppermost roof shingle 1 and the ridge member 4 installed on the surface thereof.
That is, when the total length of the roof shingle 1 is shorter than the length of the roof foundation, as shown in FIG. The front end of the locking piece 11 is approached, and the fixing piece 8 is fixed at this position to perform minus adjustment mounting.
[0043]
In addition, when the total length of the shingle 1 is the same as the length of the roof base and adjustment in the ridge portion is unnecessary, as shown in FIG. In the above, the fixing piece 8 of the shingle 1 is positioned and fixed at the central position on one side, and the standard mounting is performed.
When the total length of the shingle 1 is longer than the length of the roof foundation, the fixing piece 8 of the shingle 1 approaches the roof top below the ridge member 4 as shown in FIG. Then, it is fixed at this position to provide a plus adjustment mounting.
[0044]
However, when the shingle 1 is laid from the eaves to the ridge, the difference between the total length of the shingle 1 and the length of the roof base is too large. The material 1 cannot be fixed below the ridge member 4. That is, the total length of the roof shingle 1 is too long to fit under the ridge member 4, but if the number of the roof shingles 1 is reduced by one, the rear end of the roof shingle 1 is located below the ridge member 4. May not be reached.
At this time, in the conventional stepped roof, in order to put the roof sheet 1 under the ridge member 4, nonstandard roof sheets having different widths are manufactured as the top sheet, or the top sheet is used. 1 must be cut or another member must be attached by welding or the like, which is extremely irrational in terms of economy, workability, productivity, aesthetics, and the like.
[0045]
By the way, in the case where there is the above error, if the length of the roof plate 1 in the gradient direction is adjusted in the plus direction or the minus direction with respect to the total length of the roof plate 1, the uppermost row can be obtained. The shingle 1 should always be able to be laid under the ridge member 4.
In other words, a wide shingle 1 (hereinafter, referred to as a wide material) and a slightly narrower shingle 1 (hereinafter, referred to as a narrow material) are prepared. If the width adjustment of the maximum length of the narrow material is performed by a half of the length of the narrow material according to the difference between the length of the narrow material and the width of the narrow material, the error between the total length of the shingle 1 and the length of the roof foundation depends on the ridge member 4. It becomes smaller than the adjustable width. As a result, roofs of any length can be finished using the standard shingle 1, eliminating the need to process the top shingle 1, and improving economy, workability, productivity, and aesthetics. The properties are excellent.
[0046]
If the length of the shingle 1 in the gradient direction is too large, not only is it difficult to manufacture and the manufacturing cost is increased, but also the handling is difficult and there is a problem with the appearance. Therefore, it is appropriate to set the effective length excluding the width of the overlapping portion to 180 mm or more and 350 mm or less, since the construction cost increases and the management at the distribution stage is troublesome.
[0047]
Next, the error adjustment in the gradient direction will be described with a specific example.
The length of the roof base in the gradient direction depends on the width of the house, the angle of inclination, and the size of the eaves. Table 1 shows these relationships.
[0048]
[Table 1]
32, A is the width of the ridge member 4, B is the internal space width obtained by subtracting the width E of the engaging bent portion 61 and the width D of the support leg 63 from A, and F is the width of the locking piece 11 of the roof panel 1. The sum with the width of the fixing piece 8, J is the effective length in the gradient direction excluding the overlapping portion of the narrow material, I is the effective length of the wide material, and H is the width of the fixing bolt 68 with respect to one side of the roof foundation. Is shown.
[0049]
Then, the adjustable width M of the shingle 1 in the ridge member 4 becomes half of the ridge member 4.
M = B / 2-2 × (F + H),
The adjustment allowable range N in the plus direction and the minus direction is
N = M / 2.
[0050]
Also, from the top of the roof to the front end of the locking piece 11 of the uppermost shingle 1 (the rear end of the effective length of the uppermost shingle 1) when the standard installation shown in FIG. Let R be the distance of
R = H + N + F.
[0051]
Therefore, the reference length P, which is the sum of the effective lengths from the eaves to the uppermost roof shingle 1 when the roof shingle 1 is mounted at the reference position, is obtained by subtracting the above R from the length of the roof basement in the gradient direction. Length.
Then, the difference between the sum of the effective lengths of the wide members and the narrow members and the reference length P is a necessary adjustment width, and can be laid when the adjustment width is smaller than the allowable adjustment range N in the ridge member 4.
[0052]
As an example, a wide member having I of 350 mm, a narrow member having J of 320 mm, and a ridge member 4 having A of 300 mm are used, and E is 5 mm, D is 5 mm, F is 25 mm, and H is 15 mm.
Then, in this ridge member 4,
B = 300− (2 × 5 + 2 × 5) = 280 mm and B / 2 = 140 mm.
[0053]
The adjustable width M is given by the above equation.
140− (25 + 15) = 100 mm
N = 100/2 = 50 mm.
Also, R = 15 + 50 + 25 = 90 mm.
[0054]
Under the above conditions, when the roof base length is 2500 mm, when the roof is 3000 mm, when the roof is 3500 mm, when the roof is 4000 mm, when the roof is 4500 mm, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, and Table 8, respectively, show possible combinations when a roof of 5000 mm is finished and a roof of 5500 mm is finished.
[0055]
[Table 2]
[0056]
[Table 3]
[0057]
[Table 4]
[0058]
[Table 5]
[0059]
[Table 6]
[0060]
[Table 7]
[0061]
[Table 8]
That is, in the example shown in the above table, the adjustment width in the plus direction and the minus direction is smaller than the allowable adjustment range N = 50 mm. Further, from these tables, it can be seen that each time one wide member is replaced with a narrow member, the total effective length of the shingle 1 changes by 30 mm, which is the difference between the lengths of the wide member and the narrow member.
[0062]
As another example, a wide member having I of 250 mm, a narrow member having J of 225 mm, and a ridge member 4 similar to the previous example are used.
Since the ridge member 4 is not changed, the adjustable width M, the allowable adjustment range N, and the distance R from the top of the roof to the front end of the locking piece 11 of the top shingle 1 are the same as those in the previous example.
[0063]
Under the above conditions, when the roof base length is 2500 mm, when the roof is 3000 mm, when the roof is 3500 mm, when the roof is 4000 mm, when the roof is 4500 mm, Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, Table 12, Table 13, Table 14, and Table 15 show combinations that can be laid when the roof of 5000 mm is finished and the roof of 5500 mm is finished.
[0064]
[Table 9]
[0065]
[Table 10]
[0066]
[Table 11]
[0067]
[Table 12]
[0068]
[Table 13]
[0069]
[Table 14]
[0070]
[Table 15]
In the example shown in the above table, the adjustment width in the plus direction and the minus direction is smaller than the allowable adjustment range N = 50 mm. Also, in this case, every time one wide member and one narrow member are replaced, the total effective length of the shingle 1 changes by 25 mm.
[0071]
As still another example, a wide member having I of 200 mm, a narrow member having J of 180 mm, and a ridge member 4 similar to the previous two examples are used.
Accordingly, the adjustable width M, the allowable adjustment range N, and the distance R from the top of the roof to the front end of the locking piece 11 of the top shingle 1 have the same values as in the previous example.
[0072]
Under the above conditions, when the roof base length is 2500 mm, when the roof is 3000 mm, when the roof is 3500 mm, when the roof is 4000 mm, when the roof is 4500 mm, Table 16, Table 17, Table 18, Table 19, Table 20, Table 21, and Table 22 respectively show possible combinations when a roof of 5000 mm is finished and a roof of 5500 mm is finished.
[0073]
[Table 16]
[0074]
[Table 17]
[0075]
[Table 18]
[0076]
[Table 19]
[0077]
[Table 20]
[0078]
[Table 21]
[0079]
[Table 22]
In the example shown in the above table, the adjustment width in the plus direction and the minus direction is smaller than the allowable adjustment range N = 50 mm. Also, at this time, every time one wide member and one narrow member are replaced, the total effective length of the shingle 1 changes by 20 mm, which is the difference between the two.
[0080]
In addition, in the case of combining a wide material and a narrow material, in the above-described example, an appropriate number of narrow materials are combined with the wide material in the above example, but there is also a method of combining with the narrow material. In actual construction, it is desirable to select from among these layable combinations such that the number of sheets used is small and the error is small so that the construction cost is low.
Further, the length of the shingle 1 in the gradient direction can be arbitrarily changed as long as it is in the range of 180 to 350 mm.
[0081]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for adjusting the length of the roofing of the present invention, the roof can be roofed regardless of the length in the gradient direction by simply combining two types of roofing plates as appropriate, and Since there is no need to manufacture a non-standard roof slab or to subject the top shingle to cutting, bending, welding, or the like, the roof can be efficiently finished at low cost.
Also, only the size of the top shingle is completely different from the other shingles, and a portion where another member is added does not appear in the appearance, so that the appearance is good.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a main part of a roof according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall perspective view of the same.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the eaves part.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a ridge part of the above.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a shingle.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an eaves member.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of attaching an eaves roof shingle.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a connection portion of a roof plate adjacent to the right and left before a cap is attached.
FIG. 9 is a main part plan view showing a change due to thermal expansion of a connection portion of a roof plate.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a connection portion of a roof plate adjacent to the left and right sides.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an exterior plate, a discard plate, and a cap.
FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of a cap.
FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a method of attaching the cap and a longitudinal sectional view before attaching the cap.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a connection portion before and after a roof plate.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a main part of one roof plate on which a waste plate is mounted.
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a discarded plate.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a back end of a roof shingle to be laid first at a side end;
FIG. 18 is a rear perspective view of a side edge portion of a shingle to be laid later.
FIG. 19 is a side view of a main part of a shingle.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a guide gauge for notching a connection portion.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating a method of processing a roof slab laid first.
FIG. 22 is a perspective view illustrating a method of processing a roof shingle to be laid later.
FIG. 23 is a side view showing the first stage of the lateral connection process of the shingle.
FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing a second stage of the horizontal connection process of the roof plate.
FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a third stage of the horizontal connection process of the roof plate.
FIG. 26 is a perspective view showing a fourth stage of the lateral connection process of the roof plate.
FIG. 27 is a sectional view of a ridge.
FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a ridge member.
FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a ridge connecting member.
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a ridge member in the middle of connection.
FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing length adjustment in a ridge portion.
FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the width of each part necessary for calculating the length adjustment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Roof slab
1a Roof shingles
2 caps
3 Keraba members
4 Building materials
5 Drain ridge
6 support plate
6 'support plate
7 Engagement part
7 'notch groove
8 fixed pieces
8 'rear disc support plate
9 Fixing hole
9 'fixed notch
10 Concave strip connection
11 Locking piece
12 Waterproof ridges
13 eaves member locking fin
14 eaves tip parts
15 Makeup side
16 Mounting pieces
17 Flange
18, 18a, 18b Fixing bracket
19 Strip
20 Rotating bend
21 Locking ridge
22 Waterproof board
22 'space for preventing surface tension
23, 23 'drain
24 Water return wall
25 Waterproof wall
26 First resection
27 Second resection
28 Third resection
39 mounting holes
40 Roof fixings
41 Mounting plate
41 'fixing bracket mounting hole
42 circular projection
43 volts
44 Washer
45 nut
46 discarded plate
47 Fixed notch resection
48 Positioning hanging piece
57 building connecting members
58 Building end members
59 crown
60 Side wall
61 Engagement bending part
62 Suppressing engagement piece
63 props
64 bolt fixing groove
65 Building member engaging section
66 Sliding lock
67 packing
68 Fixing bolt
70 retaining washer
72 Rotational engagement piece
73 Guide gauge
77 Bend
78 Bending groove
83 Notch groove
