JP3573293B2 - battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3573293B2
JP3573293B2 JP02371094A JP2371094A JP3573293B2 JP 3573293 B2 JP3573293 B2 JP 3573293B2 JP 02371094 A JP02371094 A JP 02371094A JP 2371094 A JP2371094 A JP 2371094A JP 3573293 B2 JP3573293 B2 JP 3573293B2
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Prior art keywords
battery
diaphragm valve
conductive piece
conductive
internal pressure
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JPH07201372A (en
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寿 塚本
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日本電池株式会社
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、電池に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術とその課題】
電子機器の急激な小形軽量化に伴い、小形で軽量かつ高エネルギー密度の電池が求められている。しかし、電池は、エネルギー密度が高くなればなるほど、安全性を確保するのが難しいという問題があった。民生用の電池として広く使用されるためには、たとえ誤使用された場合においても安全性を確保することが求められている。しかし、従来の高エネルギー密度の電池、たとえばリチウム電池は、特に過充電された場合や充電状態で短絡した場合に、発熱やガス発生を伴う異常反応により電池内圧が急激に上昇し、電池が破裂したり燃焼したりするなどの問題があった。
【０００３】
そこで、過充電時に電池内圧が上昇すると電池内で端子と電極との電気的接続が自動的に絶たれるようにして、過充電が一定以上進行しないようにする方法が考えられた。しかし、この場合でも、電池が過充電状態で放置されるために、これに衝撃を加えたり、火中に投棄したりすると破裂するという問題があった。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、電池内圧の上昇にともなって変形するダイヤフラム弁を備えた電池において、該ダイヤフラム弁の変形によって正極端子と負極端子とが電気的に接続されることを特徴とする電池を用いて上記問題点を解決するものである。
【０００５】
【作用】
本発明においては、電池内圧が上昇した場合にダイヤフラム弁が膨張し電池を短絡させる。したがって、電池は、最終的に放電状態で放置されるので、その後衝撃が加えられたり、火中に投棄されたりしても破裂せず極めて安全である。また、本発明の電池は、電池内圧が急激に上昇した場合には、ダイヤフラム弁が吹き飛び電池内圧を開放するので破裂にいたらないので安全である。
【０００６】
【実施例】
以下に、好適な実施例を用いて本発明を説明する。
【０００７】
まず、本発明で用いるダイヤフラム弁を利用した短絡回路図を図１に示す。１は、電池の内圧が上昇した時に短絡回路を閉じるダイヤフラム弁を用いたスイッチである。２，３は、それぞれ正極端子および負極端子である。さらに４は、短絡電流を制限するための抵抗体である。なお、短絡回路の開路構成部品が適当な抵抗値を有している場合には、この抵抗体は特に必要ない。
【０００８】
つぎに、本発明で用いるダイヤフラム弁を用いたスイッチの例を図２示す。本例では、ダイヤフラム弁が弁体５と金属フィルム層６とのラミネート構造により構成されている。この弁体は、ゴム板や樹脂フィルムを用いればよい。ダイヤフラム弁は、電池ケース７にインジェクションモールド法又はプライマーを用いた焼付け方式により固定されている。８は、樹脂層である。９は正極もしくは負極の一方の極に接続された導電片、１０は他方の極に接続された導電片である。ダイヤフラム弁が膨張するとこれらの導電片が金属フィルム層６を介して電気的に接続されるので正極と負極とが短絡されるものである。
【０００９】
なお、この金属フィルム層６は、アルミニウムを弁体の上に蒸着して得たもので、弁体の動きを著しく制限しない程度の柔軟さを有している。１１は、前記導電片９、１０とダイヤフラム弁とを絶縁するための樹脂などによる絶縁層である。
【００１０】
図３は、本発明の一実施例である角形リチウム二次電池（Ａ）を示す。実施例電池の寸法は、厚さ７．８ｍｍ 、幅４０ｍｍ、長さ４８ｍｍである。電池ケース７は、７０μｍ のポリプロピレンフィルムを内面に接着し外装面に絶縁と表面保護を兼ねた約８ μｍ の塗装膜を備えた鋼板からなっている。容器内には、電池発電要素が収納されており、正極板と正極端子２、負極板と負極端子３が接続されている。１は、図２に示したダイヤフラム弁を用いたスイッチである。
【００１１】
本発明の電池は、さらに内圧が上昇するとダイヤフラム弁が完全に吹き飛び電池内圧を開放して破裂を防ぐようになっている。すなわち、内圧が５ Ｋｇ／ｃｍ２ 以上になると端子間が短絡し、内圧が１２ Ｋｇ／ｃｍ２ になると弁が開口するようになっている。
【００１２】
この電池を２００ｍＡ で４．１Ｖまで充電し、２００ｍＡ で２．７５Ｖ まで放電したときの放電容量は、６００ｍＡｈである。
【００１３】
つぎに、内部構成はすべて同様であるが、ダイヤフラム弁を用いた短絡回路を備えずに破裂弁のみを備えた比較のための従来の電池（ア）、およびダイヤフラム弁を用いた短絡開路を備えずに破裂弁と内圧上昇時に電極と端子との電気的接続を絶つ機構を備えた比較のための従来の電池（イ）とを試作した。
【００１４】
これらの電池を２００ｍＡ の電流で連続充電し、破裂しなかった場合には、１０時間後に釘差し試験を行った。この結果を表１に示す。表１から明らかなように本発明のリチウム二次電池は、従来の電池に比較して優れた安全性を有していることがわかる。すなわち、電池（ア）は、過充電により破裂し、過充電では破裂しなかった電池（イ）もその後の釘刺し試験により破裂した。しかし、本発明の電池は、過充電後の釘刺し試験でも破裂などの危険な現象は認められなかった。
【００１５】
【表１】

Figure 0003573293
図４および図５に他の実施例の電池の一部拡大図を示す。図４では、一方の端子を穴空きリベット端子１２としている。電池内圧が上昇した場合には、導電性ゴムなどからなる導電性のダイヤフラム弁１３が膨らんで穴空きリベット端子１２と導電片９とが短絡される。導電片９は、導電性のダイヤフラム弁１３で発生する熱を放散させるヒートシンクの役割も果たしている。なお記号１４は、ガスケットである。
【００１６】
図５は、電池ケース７が一方の端子を兼ねている場合を示す。この場合は、電池ケース７に直接導電性のダイヤフラム弁１３を密着接続し、その上に絶縁層１１および導電片９を密着接続させている。本例では、導電性のダイヤフラム弁の少なくとも一方の面に導電性と熱の放散を改善し、しかも外部からの水分の透過や電解液の散逸を防止するための金属フィルム層６を設けている。この金属フィルム層は、弁体の動きを妨げない程度の柔軟さを有している。
【００１７】
なお、上記実施例では角形リチウム二次電池を示したが、リチウム電池以外の電池に本発明を適用してもよく、また電池形状もボタン形、円筒形またはペーパー形電池等に本発明を適用してもよい。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の電池は、電池内圧が上昇した場合に、ダイヤフラム弁が変形し、電池を短絡させ放電状態で放置されるので、その後衝撃が加えられたような場合でも破裂しにくく安全性において従来の電池に比較して非常に優れている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施例のリチウム二次電池のダイヤフラム弁を用いた短絡開路の開路図。
【図２】ダイヤフラム弁を用いた短絡スイッチの実施例を示す図。
【図３】本発明のリチウム二次電池の図。
【図４】本発明の他の実施例を示した図。
【図５】本発明の他の実施例を示した図。
【符号の説明】
１ ダイヤフラム弁を用いた短絡スイッチ
２ 正極端子
３ 負極端子
４ 抵抗体
５ 弁体
６ 金属フィルム層
７ 電池ケース
８ 樹脂層
９ 導電片
１０ 導電片
１１ 絶縁層
１２ 穴空きリベット端子
１３ 導電性のダイヤフラム弁
１４ ガスケット[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a battery.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
2. Description of the Related Art As electronic devices have been rapidly reduced in size and weight, there has been a demand for small, lightweight and high energy density batteries. However, batteries have a problem that it is difficult to ensure safety as the energy density increases. In order to be widely used as a consumer battery, it is required to ensure safety even when misused. However, conventional high-energy-density batteries, such as lithium batteries, especially when overcharged or short-circuited in a charged state, cause an abrupt increase in battery pressure due to abnormal reactions involving heat generation and gas generation, causing the battery to burst. There were problems such as dripping and burning.
[0003]
Therefore, a method has been considered in which when the internal pressure of the battery rises during overcharge, the electrical connection between the terminal and the electrode is automatically cut off within the battery so that overcharge does not proceed over a certain amount. However, even in this case, since the battery is left in an overcharged state, there is a problem that the battery may explode if subjected to an impact or dumped in a fire.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a battery provided with a diaphragm valve that deforms as the internal pressure of the battery increases, wherein the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are electrically connected by the deformation of the diaphragm valve. It is to solve the problem.
[0005]
[Action]
In the present invention, when the internal pressure of the battery increases, the diaphragm valve expands and short-circuits the battery. Therefore, since the battery is finally left in a discharged state, it does not burst even if subjected to an impact or is thrown away in a fire, and is extremely safe. In addition, the battery of the present invention is safe because the diaphragm valve blows out and releases the battery internal pressure when the battery internal pressure rises sharply, so that the battery does not rupture.
[0006]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described using preferred embodiments.
[0007]
First, a short circuit diagram using a diaphragm valve used in the present invention is shown in FIG. Reference numeral 1 denotes a switch using a diaphragm valve that closes a short circuit when the internal pressure of the battery rises. Reference numerals 2 and 3 are a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, respectively. Reference numeral 4 denotes a resistor for limiting a short-circuit current. This resistor is not particularly necessary when the open circuit component of the short circuit has an appropriate resistance value.
[0008]
Next, FIG. 2 shows an example of a switch using a diaphragm valve used in the present invention. In this example, the diaphragm valve has a laminated structure of the valve element 5 and the metal film layer 6. This valve body may use a rubber plate or a resin film. The diaphragm valve is fixed to the battery case 7 by an injection molding method or a baking method using a primer. 8 is a resin layer. Reference numeral 9 denotes a conductive piece connected to one of the positive and negative electrodes, and reference numeral 10 denotes a conductive piece connected to the other electrode. When the diaphragm valve expands, these conductive pieces are electrically connected via the metal film layer 6, so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited.
[0009]
The metal film layer 6 is obtained by evaporating aluminum on the valve body, and has such a flexibility that the movement of the valve body is not significantly restricted. Reference numeral 11 denotes an insulating layer made of a resin or the like for insulating the conductive pieces 9 and 10 from the diaphragm valve.
[0010]
FIG. 3 shows a prismatic lithium secondary battery (A) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The dimensions of the example battery were 7.8 mm in thickness, 40 mm in width, and 48 mm in length. The battery case 7 is made of a steel plate provided with a coating film of about 8 μm, which has a 70 μm polypropylene film adhered to the inner surface and has an insulating and surface protection function on the outer surface. A battery power generation element is housed in the container, and the positive electrode plate and the positive electrode terminal 2 are connected, and the negative electrode plate and the negative electrode terminal 3 are connected. Reference numeral 1 denotes a switch using the diaphragm valve shown in FIG.
[0011]
In the battery of the present invention, when the internal pressure further increases, the diaphragm valve blows out completely to release the internal pressure of the battery, thereby preventing rupture. That is, when the internal pressure becomes 5 kg / cm 2 or more, the terminals are short-circuited, and when the internal pressure becomes 12 kg / cm 2 , the valve is opened.
[0012]
When this battery is charged to 4.1 V at 200 mA and discharged to 2.75 V at 200 mA, the discharge capacity is 600 mAh.
[0013]
Next, the internal structure is all the same, but a conventional battery (A) for comparison only having a rupture valve without a short circuit using a diaphragm valve, and a short circuit open circuit using a diaphragm valve are provided. A conventional battery (b) for comparison was provided, which was equipped with a rupture valve and a mechanism for disconnecting the electrode and the terminal when the internal pressure was increased.
[0014]
These batteries were continuously charged at a current of 200 mA, and if they did not burst, a nail insertion test was performed after 10 hours. Table 1 shows the results. As is evident from Table 1, the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has better safety than the conventional battery. That is, the battery (A) exploded due to overcharging, and the battery (A) that did not explode due to overcharging also exploded in a subsequent nail penetration test. However, the battery of the present invention did not show any dangerous phenomena such as rupture in a nail penetration test after overcharge.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003573293
FIGS. 4 and 5 are partially enlarged views of a battery according to another embodiment. In FIG. 4, one terminal is a perforated rivet terminal 12. When the battery internal pressure rises, the conductive diaphragm valve 13 made of conductive rubber or the like expands, and the rivet terminal 12 having holes and the conductive piece 9 are short-circuited. The conductive piece 9 also serves as a heat sink for dissipating heat generated by the conductive diaphragm valve 13. Symbol 14 is a gasket.
[0016]
FIG. 5 shows a case where the battery case 7 also serves as one terminal. In this case, a conductive diaphragm valve 13 is directly and closely connected to the battery case 7, and the insulating layer 11 and the conductive piece 9 are closely connected thereto. In this example, at least one surface of the conductive diaphragm valve is provided with a metal film layer 6 for improving conductivity and dissipating heat, and for preventing moisture permeation from the outside and dissipation of the electrolytic solution. . This metal film layer has such flexibility as not to hinder the movement of the valve element.
[0017]
Although the prismatic lithium secondary battery has been described in the above embodiment, the present invention may be applied to batteries other than lithium batteries, and the present invention may be applied to button-shaped, cylindrical or paper-type batteries, etc. May be.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
In the battery of the present invention, when the internal pressure of the battery increases, the diaphragm valve is deformed, the battery is short-circuited, and the battery is left in a discharge state. Very good compared to batteries.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an open circuit diagram of a short circuit open circuit using a diaphragm valve of a lithium secondary battery of an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a short-circuit switch using a diaphragm valve.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Short-circuit switch using diaphragm valve 2 Positive electrode terminal 3 Negative terminal 4 Resistor 5 Valve element 6 Metal film layer 7 Battery case 8 Resin layer 9 Conductive piece 10 Conductive piece 11 Insulating layer 12 Perforated rivet terminal 13 Conductive diaphragm valve 14 Gasket

Claims (4)

電池内圧の上昇にともなって変形するダイヤフラム弁を備えた電池において、該ダイヤフラム弁の変形によって正極端子と負極端子とが電気的に接続されることを特徴とする電池。A battery provided with a diaphragm valve that deforms with an increase in battery internal pressure, wherein a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal are electrically connected by deformation of the diaphragm valve. 電池内圧の上昇にともなって変形するダイヤフラム弁を備えた電池であって、
ダイヤフラム弁は弁体と金属フィルム層との積層構造により構成されており、該金属フィルム層の上部には正極に接続された導電片と、負極に接続された導電片とが絶縁層を介してそれぞれ配されており、
平常時には正極に接続された導電片と、負極に接続された導電片とは電気的に接続されておらず、
電池内圧上昇により該ダイヤフラム弁が変形した場合には正極に接続された導電片と、負極に接続された導電片とは該金属フィルム層を介して電気的に接続される
ことを特徴とする電池。A battery provided with a diaphragm valve that deforms as the battery internal pressure increases,
The diaphragm valve is configured by a laminated structure of a valve body and a metal film layer, and a conductive piece connected to the positive electrode and a conductive piece connected to the negative electrode are formed on the upper portion of the metal film layer via an insulating layer. Each is arranged,
In normal times, the conductive piece connected to the positive electrode and the conductive piece connected to the negative electrode are not electrically connected,
A battery wherein the conductive piece connected to the positive electrode and the conductive piece connected to the negative electrode are electrically connected via the metal film layer when the diaphragm valve is deformed due to an increase in battery internal pressure. . 一方の端子は穴空きリベット端子であり、その上部にダイヤフラム弁を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２の電池。3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein one of the terminals is a perforated rivet terminal, and a diaphragm valve is provided on an upper portion thereof. 電池ケースが一方の端子を兼ねており、
電池ケースに直接導電性のダイヤフラム弁が密着接続されており、
その上に絶縁層および導電片が密着接続されており、
導電性のダイヤフラム弁の少なくとも一方の面に金属フィルム層を備える
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２の電池。The battery case also serves as one terminal,
A conductive diaphragm valve is directly connected to the battery case,
The insulating layer and the conductive piece are tightly connected on it,
3. The battery according to claim 1, further comprising a metal film layer on at least one surface of the conductive diaphragm valve.
JP02371094A 1993-11-24 1994-01-26 battery Expired - Fee Related JP3573293B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP02371094A JP3573293B2 (en) 1993-11-24 1994-01-26 battery

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JP31738993 1993-11-24
JP5-317389 1993-11-24
JP02371094A JP3573293B2 (en) 1993-11-24 1994-01-26 battery

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JPH07201372A JPH07201372A (en) 1995-08-04
JP3573293B2 true JP3573293B2 (en) 2004-10-06

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