JP3495735B2 - Electric car - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an electric vehicle having a motor as a driving power, and more particularly to an electric vehicle suitable for being applied to a two-wheeled vehicle such as a motorcycle and a scooter, and a three-wheeled vehicle.

[Prior art]

It is said to be the era of electric vehicles. It is said that electric vehicles solve most of the environmental problems such as vehicle exhaust gas and noise, which account for 70% or more of air pollution, and extend the life of petroleum resources more than double. The electric vehicle includes a battery power supply, a motor, and a control device for controlling the rotation of the motor as a drive system thereof, and the wheels rotate through a drive transmission mechanism as in the related art, and, for example, JP-A-120198. It is also known that a motor is provided on a wheel of a wheel and the wheel rotates without a conventional drive transmission mechanism, such as the one described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-242242. At present, in the development of electric vehicles, the improvement of the performance of the on-vehicle battery stands in front of us as a major development issue, but its solution is also a matter of the earliest time. By the way, electric vehicles are required to improve their performance as well as their safety. It is not possible to sufficiently secure the safety of an electric vehicle by simply replacing the driving power of a conventional gasoline vehicle or the like with a motor. That is, an electric vehicle uses electric power as a drive source and its power is a motor that rotates at a considerably higher speed than an engine. Therefore, due to an electric system trouble or a motor malfunction,
A moving car may suddenly stop, or a stopped car may suddenly start. In addition, as common to both cases of running and stopping, the driver or maintenance person gets an electric shock, is caught in the drive device around the motor, and conversely destroys the motor and control device during maintenance. There is a risk. Further, it is necessary to protect the motor, control device and the like from severe use. These troubles and necessity of protection are caused by the device and structure unique to the electric vehicle, which are not found in conventional engine vehicles.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

The inventors of the present invention, who are involved in the development of electric vehicles, propose the following points, in particular, in order to prevent accidents and breakdowns and ensure safety. When an electric vehicle is exposed to wind and rain and is subjected to running vibrations, water enters the motor or electric control circuit and causes insulation failure (electrical short circuit), which leads to the electric vehicle stopping running, which is extremely dangerous. is there. In this regard, it is proposed to improve the stator fixing structure and the motor case structure. Also, when the vehicle is subjected to running vibration, rattling of each part or the removal of parts causes the motor to stop,
This causes a reduction in the efficiency of the drive transmission mechanism, which in turn leads to a stop of the electric vehicle. In this regard, it is proposed to improve the fixing structure of the stator, the mounting structure of the fixed substrate of the magnetic detection element, and the fixing structure of the encoder magnet.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The invention described in claim 1 of the present application is an electric vehicle equipped with a battery power supply, a motor, and a control device for controlling rotation of the motor as a drive system, wherein the motor has a motor case 11 and a motor cover 12. The motor case 11 has a hollow portion 11c in which the stator 13 is arranged, the motor cover 12 is fixed to one end of the motor case 11,
The motor cover 12 is a hollow portion 11c of the motor case 11.
Has a ring-shaped protrusion 12a fitted to
The tip of 2a is provided so as to press the end surface of the stator 13 to fix the stator between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12, and the outer periphery of the ring-shaped protrusion 12a is the motor case 11 and the motor. The motor case 11 and the motor cover are provided so as to cover the gap between the cover 12 and the inside.
The electric vehicle is sealed between the space 12 and the space 12 with the filler 15 of the liquid packing. According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the case 6 for accommodating the power transmission mechanism 9 in which the seal mechanism is provided in the bearing portion of the wheel fixing shaft and the motor 6 are provided with the seal member 16 interposed therebetween. The wiring of the motor is once pulled out in the same direction as the output shaft of the motor, and is passed through a sealing chamber formed by connecting the case 10 accommodating the power transmission mechanism and the motor 6 to the sealing member 16 from the engaging portion. It is an electric vehicle that is pulled out to the outside via. The invention described in the third claim of the present application is an electric vehicle equipped with a battery power source, a motor, and a control device for controlling the rotation of the motor as a drive system. The motor 6 is provided with a case 10 for receiving the power transmission mechanism 9, and the motor 6 is fixed to one end of the motor case 11. The connecting portion between the motor case 11 and the case 10 includes a motor output shaft 6a and a motor wiring. Except for the insertion portions of 6b and 6c, sealing is performed with a sealing material interposed, and the wall surface 11 inside the motor case 11 is further sealed.
A U-shaped groove 11e is formed in d parallel to the output shaft, and the groove 11e is formed.
The sensor wiring 6c inside the motor is laid on e, and the sensor wiring 6c is pressed by the plate-like fixing metal fitting 17 having spring property, so that the sensor wiring 6c is located outside the motor case in the same direction as the output shaft 6a. The fixing metal fitting 17 has an end portion fixed to the motor case 11 and a plate-shaped portion parallel to the motor output shaft 6a, and the sensor wiring 6c is provided in the plate-shaped portion. It is an electric vehicle that is pressed into the groove 11e. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, a DC brushless motor that detects the rotor position and switches the excitation phase is used for the motor, and the DC brushless motor has a protrusion for positioning on the outer circumference of the stator. An electric vehicle having a portion 13c, in which a groove that engages with the protrusion is formed in the motor case, and the stator engages with the motor case. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the motor is a DC brushless motor, and the rotor of the motor has an even number of salient poles on the outer circumference and a base portion of each salient pole. A rotor having a slot for inserting a magnet for magnetism and having a field magnet inserted in the slot; two discs for preventing the field magnet from coming off from the slot; and an encoder magnet, An electric vehicle having a structure in which an encoder magnet is incorporated in one of the disks and is covered with the disk and the rotor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an electric motorcycle, which is an example of an electric vehicle.
It is a thing. Hereinafter, in the present specification, an electric motorcycle
An example will be described (including a scooter). The electric motorcycle 1 is the same as a conventional motorcycle driven by an engine.
Similarly, the front and rear wheels 3 and 4 are provided on the front and rear of the vehicle body 2, and the front wheels 3 are
It is steered by the dollar 5 and the rear wheels 4 are engine
Instead, it is driven by the motor 6. The motor 6 is driven by the battery power source 7, and the control device 8
The motor rotation is controlled by. In Figure 1, illustrated
There are some that omit the, but basically it is provided on the handle 5.
The accelerator, grip, brake lever, and
Rake mechanism, power transmission mechanism, suspension, etc.
The same thing as a motorcycle can be used. A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In Fig. 2, the stator 13 has a large rotor inside.
A circular hole in the opening and a slot for winding the coil
Stator core 13a in which dozens of silicon steel plates are laminated
It is configured by winding multiple phase coils for driving the rotor.
It Portion where the coil extends beyond the stator core
Is called the coil end 13b. The motor case 11 has a hollow that allows the coil end 13b to escape.
To insert the stator 13 in the portion 11b and almost coaxially with it
The hollow portion 11c is provided. Escape the coil end
Hollow part 11b is more than hollow part 11c for inserting the stator.
The diameter is reduced and the step 11a is formed at the boundary between the two hollow parts.
It The hollow part 11c for inserting the stator 13 has a diameter of
Size that fits with the outer periphery of the tarta core 13a by "loose fit"
And the depth is greater than the axial length of the stator core 13a.
Is also deeply set up. As in the past,
If you want to fix it by shrink fitting or press
The diameter of the hollow part for insertion should match the outer diameter of the stator core.
It was necessary to open it with high precision, but
Since it is a fit, it reduces the machining accuracy of the hollow part.
Therefore, the processing is facilitated.
Then, on the outer periphery of the motor case 11, the motor cover 12 and
A plurality of screw holes for fastening are formed. Press the end surface of the stator core 13a onto the motor cover 12.
A ring-shaped protrusion 12a is provided. The protrusion 12a
Is for inserting the stator of the motor case 11 whose outer diameter is
The size is such that it fits loosely with the empty space 11c to a loose fit.
In addition, the axial length of the protrusion 12a depends on the stator core 13a.
Holds the end face even when laminated shortly in the intersection
As long as you can. In addition, the above-mentioned
Tightening bolt 14 for fastening with the case 11
A plurality is provided. The stator core 13a is attached to a plurality of fastening bolts 14.
Therefore, it is sandwiched between the step 11a and the protrusion 12a, and as a result,
Between the stator 13 and the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12,
Fixed. The stator core 13a fits into the motor case 11
With a loose fit in the hollow part 11c for inserting the data
Since it is fitted, the stator 13 is surrounded by the motor case 11.
Can be moved in any direction. Therefore, the rotor position detection
The circumferential positional relationship between the output device and the stator has a large effect on the rotational performance.
In brushless motors that have a large influence, the stator
After inserting the, move the stator in the circumferential direction to
It was possible to fix the position accuracy after it was fixed,
Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the occurrence of defects when fixing the stator.
It became so. That is, in the conventional case, the stator
Since it was fixed to the motor case by shrink fitting or press fitting,
It is extremely difficult to adjust the position after the fact, so the stator
There was a fixed positional deviation of the above, but it is configured as described above
By doing so, it is possible to eliminate such defects.
is there. In addition, between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12
Is a liquid sealant such as a silicone sealant or a liquid gasket.
Since the filler 15 consisting of
When the screw 14 is tightened, the filler 15 is crushed and the motor
The gap between the case 11 and motor cover 12 is not properly sealed.
Be done. By the way, as described above, the stator core 13a is made of silicon.
It is made by stacking dozens of steel plates in the axial direction.
The thickness intersections of the silicon steel sheets are accumulated and the stator core's
There is a difference of about 1 mm in the axial length between long and short.
it can. Stator core when the axial length of the stator core is short
The state of the holding portion will be described. Fig. 3 shows the stator core holding part
FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view showing that the axial length of the stator core 13a is
It is a short time. If the stator core 13a is short,
The protrusion 12a does not touch the end surface of the stator core 13a,
This causes a problem that the taco core 13a cannot be pressed. That misfortune
In order to avoid this, the length of the protrusion 12a in the axial direction is relatively
Formed long. That is, the stator core 13a is short
Even when pressing the end face of the stator core 13a with the protrusion 12a
So that there is a gap between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12.
The length of the protrusion 12a in the axial direction is designed to the extent possible. Next, when the axial length of the stator core is long, the stay
The state of the taco pinching part will be described. Figure 4 shows the stator core
FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the holding portion, showing the stator core 13a in the axial direction.
When the length is long. As mentioned above, the protrusion 12
Even if the stator core 13a is short, the axial length of
The stator core is designed to perform
When 13a is stacked long in the axial direction, the motor case 1
The gap between 1 and the motor cover 12 becomes wider. Conventional O-ring
Then, when the gap is wide like this,
Since it cannot be compressed between the motor covers 12, O
Although it is not possible to exert the sealing effect of the ring,
Filler 15 changes the filling amount depending on the width of the gap
By doing so, the sealing effect is exhibited regardless of whether the gap is wide or narrow.
can do. FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this example
In addition, the same reference numerals are attached to the components common to the previous example.
Detailed description thereof will be omitted. What is shown in this Figure 5
The stator 13 and motor case 11 as in the previous example.
It is sandwiched between the cover 12 and fixed, and the motor
A filler 15 is provided in the gap between the case 11 and the motor cover 12.
The seal is made by using a motor.
In the cover 12, a hollow part that escapes the coil end 13b
And a hollow for inserting the stator 13 coaxially with it
And a step 12b is formed at the boundary between these hollows.
There is. Then, with a plurality of fastening bolts 14,
The stator core 13a is sandwiched between the steps 11a and 12b, and the stator 1
3 is fixed to the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12. Also in this example, between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12
Liquid sealer such as silicone sealant or liquid gasket
Since the filler 15 consisting of
When the screw 14 is tightened, the filler 15 is crushed and the motor
The gap between the case 11 and motor cover 12 is not properly sealed.
Be done. Note that the filler 15 does not touch the stator core 13a.
And select a filler that does not attack the stator core 13a.
Become. According to this first embodiment, the sealing property is maintained.
Avoids the problem of poor insulation due to water entering the motor.
In the case of poor insulation as in the past.
It is possible to avoid a situation where the electric vehicle suddenly stops
And are possible. Moreover, according to the present invention,
At the intersection of the hollow part where the stator 13 of the motor case 11 is inserted,
Since the size can be increased, processing becomes easier. Well
Also, it is possible to simplify the work of fixing the stator 13.
Both fix the stator 13 and seal the motor case 11.
You can do it at the same time. In addition, the stator
Loosely fit the core 13a and motor case 11
After inserting the data 13, it can be moved in the circumferential direction.
Therefore, the present invention is applied to brushless motors in particular.
Position accuracy can be obtained with respect to the detector,
Therefore, it has the advantage of eliminating defects during fixing.
It Next, a second embodiment of the present application will be described. Returning to FIG. 1, 9 is a power transmission mechanism.
The reaching mechanism 9 is a closed case 10 made of aluminum alloy.
It is housed in. Further, in FIG. 6, a piece of the case 10
At the end is a casing structure that is also cast from an aluminum alloy.
The existing motor 6 is fixed with the fastening bolts 14, and the other end
The rear wheel 4 is connected to the shaft supported by the bearing in the case 10.
ing. The power of the motor 6 passes through the power transmission mechanism 9 and the rear wheels 4
And the rear wheels 4 are driven to travel.
It The motor 6 is a fastening bolt with a liquid sealing material 16 sandwiched therebetween.
It is fixed at 14. That is, the sealing material 16 and the case 10
After filling the entire circumference of the engaging part of the motor case 11, arrange evenly
It is tightened with the tightening bolts 14 that have been set. Inside case 10
A belt, pulley, centrifugal clutch, and gear.
The force transmission mechanism 9 is housed in the case where the motor 6 is fixed.
The inside of the switch 10 has an input shaft connected to the output shaft 6a of the motor.
9a is supported by the bearing of the case 10. Also,
The engaging parts of the motor case 11 and the case 10 are
Smooth machined for easy sealing with
It The case 10 that houses the power transmission mechanism 9 is connected to the rear wheel.
There is an oil seal on the bearing of the
The empty portion 10a has a closed structure. Case 10 and motorbike
The hollow portion 10b formed by the space 11 and the sealing material 16 is
It is engaged with the empty portion 10a to form a closed chamber. In addition, the motor 6
Pull the wiring 6b and sensor wiring 6c in the same direction as the output shaft.
It is taken out and guided to the hollow portion 10b. Therefore, the motor 6
Output shaft 6a, motor of wiring 6b and sensor wiring 6c
There is no special seal structure on the drawer of the case 11.
Also in the state where the case 10 and the motor 6 are assembled.
The hollow part 10a and the hollow part 10b are securely sealed and
You don't have to worry about breaking down by wearing mud or mud. This point
By the way, avoiding the point that water enters the motor and causes insulation failure.
In the case of poor insulation as in the past.
It is possible to avoid a situation where the electric vehicle suddenly stops
And are possible. And output like this
The shaft 6a has an oil seal between the motor case 11 (bearing part).
Since it does not require a sealing mechanism such as
An efficient motor with low loss is provided. More
Of the parts that make up the
Therefore, the number of parts is reduced and the assembly is
It became easier. In this example, the sealing material is liquid.
Although the shape is used, a solid sealing material may be used. Also, the wiring 6b of the motor pulled out into the hollow portion 10b and
The sensor wiring 6c is bent at the hollow portion 10b, so that the case 10
And from the engaging part of the motor 6 through the grommet to the outside
Will be issued. The grommet is made of silicone rubber.
This grommet has a diameter of wiring 6b and sensor wiring 6c and
A hole of the same diameter (not shown) is machined and wiring is performed in the hole.
In order to pass through, the closed structure of the hollow portion 10b is secured. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and FIG.
Figures explaining the fixation, in these figures the motor case
Wall surface 11d on the outer periphery of the bearing holding portion integrally formed with the bearing 11.
U-shaped groove 11e is machined in parallel with the output shaft 6a.
The sensor wiring 6c inside the motor 6 is laid in the U-shaped groove 11e of
Set up. This sensor wiring 6c is connected to the groove 11e with the fixing bracket 17.
Is held between the stator coil 18 and the output shaft 6a.
Through a narrow gap with the output shaft 6a parallel to the outside of the case 11.
Be drawn to. Therefore, wiring 6b and 6c should be
Pull it out of the motor 6 without bending inside
The wiring can be laid efficiently and the outer shape of the motor can be minimized.
We were able to. The end of the fixing bracket 17 is
It is fixed to the data case 11 with bolts and is parallel to the output shaft 6a.
Push the sensor wiring 6c into the groove 11e at the
ing. Also, the wiring 6b, 6c drawn out in parallel with the output shaft 6a,
Formed so as to be laid on the outer periphery of the wall surface 11d
ing. Therefore, it is pulled out in the same direction as the output shaft 6a.
In the wiring 6b, 6c of the motor, the wall surface 11d serves as a partition wall for output
It is completely isolated from the axis 6a and laid without forcibly bending the wiring.
Installation, wiring assembly work becomes easy, and the wiring output shaft
Reliable electric automatic that can prevent damage from 6a
It is possible to provide a motor for a vehicle. Next, a third embodiment of the present application will be described. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a dustproof and waterproof electronic device according to this embodiment.
In the figure, in the same figure, the power
The transistor 22 and the large-capacity capacitor 23 are closely attached to the heat sink 21.
It is placed in the opened state. Power transistor 22 and
The large-capacity capacitor 23 is a cable line 24 and a cable line 25.
It is connected and the cable derived from the large-capacity capacitor 23 is
The ends of the cable wire 24 and the cable wire 25 are screw 22a and
It is fixed to the power transistor 22 with screws 22b.
There is. The power transistor 22 has a cable wire 24 and a cable.
In addition to the cable line 25, I / O cable line 26 and I / O
Cable line 27 is connected, input / output cable line 26 and
The force cable wire 27 is connected to a device (not shown). In this embodiment, the power transformer of the electronic device shown in FIG. 11 is used.
Resistor 22, large-capacity capacitor 23, cable line 24 and cable
The epoxy resin paint is applied so that it covers the entire wire 25.
Is applied. That is, as shown in FIG.
Upper part (However, I / O cable line 26 and I / O cable
An epoxy resin-based paint is applied to the lower part of the line 27).
The application work is done using a brush or an air brush.
However, the heat sink 21, the input / output cable line 26, and the input / output cable
After masking line 27, dip it in the paint bath
It is also possible to apply an epoxy resin-based paint. In addition,
The connection terminal 22c is a connection terminal that is connected after application.
Then, the masked epoxy resin-based paint was applied.
I try not to. Electronic equipment coated with epoxy resin paint in this way
Is the case of screws 22a and 22b and large-capacity capacitor 23.
Do not allow dust to come out where the cable line 24 and the cable line 25
There is no risk of ingress of water and water, and high dustproof and waterproof effect
Thus, the reliability of the electronic device can be improved. Also, the cable wires 24 and 25 are made of epoxy resin.
Cable wire 24 and
The cable wire 25 makes contact with other parts or shakes
High reliability can be obtained against shock and vibration.
Furthermore, for example, epoxy resin rather than lacquer-based paint
By applying the system paint, it is better than the lacquer paint.
Can be applied thicker and more resistant to shock and vibration.
High reliability can be obtained. In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the upper surface of the heat dissipation plate 21 is electrically charged.
Although the example in which the slave device is placed is explained, the heat sink
Electronic devices may be mounted on printed wiring boards other than 21.
In addition, the entire system is made up of tubular electronic components.
It can also be applied to electronic devices that do not have a substrate.
It is something. According to the third embodiment, the electronic parts and the cable are coated with paint.
Since it is designed to cover the cable, the sealing performance is maintained and the
Avoid the problem of poor insulation due to water entering the slave device.
It is lightweight, yet lightweight and easy to create a sealed condition.
It is possible to obtain a dust-proof electronic device. Next, a fourth embodiment of the present application will be described. 13, 14 and 15, the DC brush shown in the example
The width of the outer circumference of the stator 13 of the motor is 10 mm wide and 9 mm high.
Which protrusion 13c is provided. 28 is a coil,
It is inserted into the slot 13d of the data 13. Coil 28 and
When the stator 13 is directly touched, the insulation of the coil 28 is destroyed,
There is a risk of electric shock due to electrical leakage, which is dangerous.
Between the coil 28 and the stator 13
Has been inserted. 13e is a stator 1 made by stacking silicon steel plates.
It is a welded portion to be 3. Starter 13 is 0.5mm thick
Press a silicon steel plate into a specified shape by pressing and cut it into a specified sheet
Formed by stacking several and welding weld 13e
ing. As a method of stacking, other than welding, caulking, etc.
There is also a law. 29 is a rotor. The rotor 29 is made of many silicon steel plates.
Made by stacking several layers, the field magnet 30 is inserted,
Generating a field. 31 is an output shaft, and bearings 32, 32
Is rotatably attached to the case. 34 is
It is an encoder magnet that is a magnet for position detection. Enco
The rotor magnet 34 is rotated by 90 degrees so that it has the same four poles as the rotor 29.
And N and S are axially magnetized. Rotor 29 and
Encoder magnet is fixed to the output shaft 31 using a key and nut
Has been done. A field magnet is placed between the rotor 29 and the nut.
To prevent the falling of 30 and prevent the deformation of the rotor 29
End plate 33 is included. Output shaft 31, rotor 29, encoder
Assembled magnets are called a rotor assembly.
Be exposed. Reference numeral 35 is a Hall IC for position detection.
Three such three-phase motors are provided. hole
The IC35 is soldered to the board 36, and the board 36 is
It is screwed to the base 11. The motor case 11 has a
A groove 37 is provided at a position corresponding to the protrusion 13c on the outer periphery of the rotor 13.
And is adapted to engage with the protrusion 13c. Mo
The screw holes for fixing the board 36 in the
Hall IC35 for position detection because it is accurately formed
Is attached to the groove 37 with high positional accuracy. Coil 28 consists of multiple phase coils and
Is wound so as to excite a predetermined magnetic pole portion of the stator 13.
The rotating magnetic field by applying a controlled current.
Is generated and the rotor 29 is rotationally driven. Position detection of rotor 29
Can detect the magnetic force of the encoder magnet 34 with the Hall IC 35.
And by. Driven based on detected rotor position
The circuit switches the excitation phase of coil 28. Phase of magnetic force and current
Rotational torque is generated in the rotor 29 due to the interaction, and the output shaft 31
Rotates. The stator 13 has a magnetic force generated by the coil 28 and a rotor 29.
Due to the field, the magnetic flux of high magnetic flux density is flowing. Mo
Iron loss occurs when the rotor is rotated. Iron loss is 2 of magnetic flux density
Since it is proportional to the power, in order to reduce iron loss, the stay
It is important to reduce the magnetic flux density of the magnetic circuit of
It In the case of this embodiment, the positioning portion of the stator 13 has the protrusion 13
Therefore, the magnetic flux density of the stator 13 is
It won't increase in frequency. For silicon steel plate, add holes or grooves.
The magnetic properties of the engineering part deteriorate due to residual stress due to processing.
In particular, iron loss increases. The conventional stator 21 has a positioning portion 22.
Therefore, the magnetic circuit becomes narrower, the magnetic flux density becomes higher, and
Iron loss was further increasing due to work stress. Book on the other hand
In the case of the embodiment, the iron loss due to the positioning portion is provided.
Since there is no increase, high motor efficiency was obtained. Optimal position for switching the excitation phase of coil 28
, And if the switching timing deviates from that,
Data becomes inefficient and loss increases. Therefore, excitation
The phase switching timing needs to be accurate. Ste
The rotation position of the rotor 29 with respect to the rotor 13 is detected by the motor case.
Switched because it is performed by Hall IC 35 attached to base 11.
The stator 13 is a motor so that the timing is accurate.
It is necessary to assemble with a small rotation angle error with respect to case 11.
There is. The rotation angle error E is calculated by the following formula.
It Let R be the positioning radius and S be the positioning accuracy.
And, the relation of E = arctan (S / R) is established. This formula reduces the rotation angle error
It is clear that the positioning radius R can be increased
Is. In this embodiment, the stator 13 and the motor case 11
Positioning in the rotation direction of the
The positioning radius is large and the positioning part
Since the tolerance of the influence of the
The positional relationship between the controller 13 and the Hall IC 35 is accurate. for that reason,
The efficiency degradation caused by misalignment was also reduced. Besides,
In the assembly process that incorporates the data 13 into the motor case 11.
In the conventional structure with a groove, the key
Although the structure has a pin, this embodiment
You no longer need to assemble those parts together
Not only reduced the number of parts, but also extremely easy to assemble
Became. Furthermore, the protrusion 13c is provided on the stator 13.
Is engaged with the motor case 11, so that the stator 13 and
The contact area of the stator case 11 is increased,
And the temperature rise became smaller. Also, the motor case
Although the outer surface of 11 is a curved surface, it engages with the stator protrusion 13c.
The outer surface of the motor case 11 of the
It is convenient to stamp the data number. In this specification, the mode used in this embodiment is used.
Although the motor is called a DC brushless motor, it has the same structure.
The data is sometimes called an AC synchronous motor. In this example
Encoder magnet 34 for position detection separate from field magnet 30
Although it has, the position is detected by the magnetic flux of the field magnet 30.
The position detection encoder magnet 34 can be omitted.
Noh. Further, in this embodiment, the position detection means is a Hall IC.
35 was used, but other than that, Hall element, MR head, magnetic head
You can use detection means such as
It According to the fourth embodiment, the protrusion is provided on the outer circumference of the stator.
Then, since it is decided that the protrusion engages with the motor case,
High magnetic flux density of the stator due to the positioning part
Magnetic properties may deteriorate due to residual stress due to processing.
Higher motor efficiency was obtained without increasing iron loss.
Furthermore, positioning is performed on the protrusions on the outer circumference of the stator,
Since the radius is large, the influence on the rotation angle is small.
The accuracy of the positional relationship between the stator and Hall IC is good.
As a result, the efficiency deterioration caused by misalignment was also reduced. That
In the process of assembling the stator into the motor case,
Since it is no longer necessary to assemble keys and keys together, the number of parts
Not only has it been reduced, but it has become extremely easy to assemble. Change
In addition, since the stator has a protrusion, the heat dissipation of the stator is good.
And the temperature rise became small. Also, with the stator protrusion
Since the outside of the motor case of the engaging part is a flat surface,
It became convenient to stamp the data number. Furthermore,
Alignment accuracy improves, so if this is bad
It is possible to avoid possible motor malfunctions and
Improves the safety of electric vehicles. Next, a fifth embodiment of the present application will be described. Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view of a 3-phase DC brushless motor.
The example is an inner rotor type 3-phase DC brushless motor.
I will explain it. The stator 13 has an internal circular opening.
A three-phase coil 28 is wound around a stator yoke having a mouth.
The motor case 11 with the fastening bolts 14
It is sandwiched between the motor covers 12. The shaft 41 has a rotor 29 and an encoder magnet cover 34.
a and are fixed by tightening the lock nut 38
Has been done. The shaft 41 is motorized by bearings 32, 32.
The rotor 11 is rotatably supported by the motor 11 and the motor cover 12.
29 rotates inside stator 13 with a uniform gap
It is provided so that it can be. Rotor 29 is middle
Thin ring-shaped silicon with a hole in the center that fits with the shaft 41
The rotor yoke, which is made by stacking steel sheets into a cylindrical shape,
It is a permanent magnet that is magnetized in the opposite direction. In addition,
The encoder magnet cover 34a has the same number of magnetic pole pairs as the rotor 29.
A ring-shaped encoder magnet that is aligned and magnetized in the axial direction
34 is fixed by adhesion. This will make the rotor 29
The rotational position of the magnetic poles that are radially magnetized at
Position (that is, the position of the rotor 29 in the rotation direction) in the axial direction.
The direction of rotation of the magnetic pole of the magnetized encoder magnet 34
To know by detecting the position of the magnetic pole in question
You can This is a DC brushless motor that uses a magnetic encoder.
Fixed to the encoder magnet 34 and motor case 11 like
For a magnetic encoder composed of multiple magnetic detection elements
Therefore, the position of the magnetic pole of the rotor is detected and adjusted to that position.
The drive phase of the multi-phase coil wound around the stator.
Rotate the replacement rotor. Therefore, multiple magnetic detection
If there is a difference in the circumferential distance between the elements, it will be wound around the stator.
There are subtle differences in the drive time of the coils of multiple phases,
Efficiency deteriorates. Separate case for multiple magnetic sensing elements
If fixed to
Therefore, after soldering multiple magnetic detection elements to the board,
Screw the board (hereinafter referred to as the sensor board) to the case.
It is fixed. The sensor substrate of the three-phase DC brushless motor of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
Shown in 17. In the case of this embodiment, the magnetic detection element is a surface mount type.
Hall IC35 was used. The Hall IC35 makes use of the Hall effect.
Combines the function to detect the direction of the magnetic field with the amplifier function
This is a single IC, and the N pole is brought close to the top of the Hall IC.
And the output is about +5 (V), the output is about 0 (V) for the S pole.
It In this embodiment, the Hall ICs 35 are arranged at intervals of 60 degrees in the circumferential direction.
Since 3 pieces are required, 3 Hall ICs 35 are provided on the sensor board 42.
Soldered at intervals of one degree. On the sensor board 42,
Power is supplied from the outside of the controller to the three Hall ICs 35 in parallel.
Or to transmit the output signal of Hall IC 35 to the outside of the motor
On it, the copper foil pattern is drawn. Same for fixing sensor board
Around the three holes 42a at 120 degree intervals on one circumference
The foil pattern is largely bypassed, and a small pan for fixing the sensor substrate
Make sure the copper head pattern does not short circuit with the screw head of screw 40
is there. Referring again to FIG. 16, the motor case 11 is the outer ring of the bearing 32.
The bearing outer ring that receives the
Have on the side. The bearing 32 is press-fitted into the bearing hole,
To prevent the bearing 32 from falling off, hold it down with a C-shaped retaining ring 39.
There is. The structure that fixes the bearing 32 outside the case allows
Since the sensor substrate 42 is not affected by the outer ring of the bearing 32,
The inner diameter is made smaller and the substrate area is made wider than that of. In addition, the sensor board 42 is provided inside the motor case 11.
There is a place to fix with a screw. The location is rotor 29
Bearing the shaft 41 to which the encoder magnet cover 34a is fixed 3
When inserted in 2, the Hall IC 35 is paired with the encoder magnet 34.
And detect the position of the magnetic pole in the axial direction of the encoder magnet 34.
And the holes 42a that are processed in the sensor board 42
Three screw holes are machined to match. Sensor
Board 42 with pan head screw 40 with a larger nominal diameter than before
Fix the motor case 11 in its place. Then,
Since the screw head of screw 40 is axially higher than Hall IC35,
The crest protrudes more axially than the Hall IC35. According to the fifth embodiment, the bearing is fixed from the outside of the case.
The area of the fixed sensor board is widened to
The structure that secures the sensor board with large screws
It is easy to fix the PCB, and the screw head is magnetic.
Does not protrude to the encoder magnet cover side than the detection element
Encoder magnet when shaft is not fixed in
Even when the cover comes close to the sensor board, the screw heads
It hits the encoder magnet cover.
The child is protected. Therefore, the reliability of the motor is improved.
Contribute to safety. Next, a sixth embodiment of the present application will be described. FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
Exploded perspective view of parts to be fixed, Figure 19 shows the configuration of the rotor
Fig. 20 is an exploded perspective view and Fig. 20 is a plan view of the rotor yoke.
Data will be explained first. The rotor 29 is adjacent to the slot 29d of the rotor yoke 29a.
Insert four field magnets 30 so that the salient poles are reversed.
Configured by entering. The rotor yoke 29a is laminated with silicon steel plates.
The shaft 41 and the hole to be a loose fit are formed in the center.
It is open, and a keyway 29b is machined in part of the hole.
It In addition, it has four salient poles 20c on the outer circumference,
The slot 29d is formed at the base of the salient pole. The field magnet 30 is inserted into the slot 29d by the magnetic force.
Because it sticks, vibrations during motor operation, etc.
It may move in the axial direction and fall out of the slot 29d.
It To prevent this from falling off, place a circle on both ends of the rotor 29.
Plates 51 and 52 are provided, and the lock nut 54 prevents these three parts.
Tighten the item and fix it to the shaft 41. The discs 51 and 52 are
The material is non-magnetic, and there is no loose fit with the shaft in the center.
The outer diameter is about the same as the outermost diameter of the rotor.
It has become a day. One of the discs 51 has a low
Encoder magnet 34 used to detect the position of the
It is included. In addition, 53 is a key. Next, the discs 51, 52 and
The state where 29 is fixed to the shaft 41 will be described with reference to FIG. Disk
Assemble the encoder magnet 34 on the 51 so that it faces the rotor 29 side.
I'm incorporating it. Therefore, the encoder magnet 34
The surface is covered by the disc 51 or the rotor 29. Also for the field
The magnet 30 is prevented from shifting in the axial direction by the discs 51 and 52.
It is fixed to. Figure 22 is a perspective view of the encoder magnet, disk, and magnetizing yoke.
The disc 51 is a disc-shaped disc made of non-magnetic material such as aluminum.
It is a hole 51c that is a loose fit with the shaft 41 in the center
Is open, and a keyway 51a is provided in part of the hole
ing. This key groove 51a should be aligned with the rotor 29.
When using and magnetizing the encoder magnet 34
Also used to align the magnetizing yoke and encoder magnet 34.
Used. Also, the outer diameter of the disc 51 is concentric with the hole 51c.
It is almost equal to the outermost diameter of the data. And of the disc 51
A ring-shaped groove 51b concentric with the hole 51c is provided between the inner and outer diameters.
It has been processed and its width is attached with the encoder magnet 34
The size and depth of the encoder magnet 34 protrude from the disc 51.
There is no depth. A piece of phosphorus is placed in this groove 51b.
Glue the unmagnetized encoder magnet 34
It Except for the yoke 55a, the magnetizing yoke 55 is made of non-magnetic material.
In the center, a convex portion 55b that fits with the inner diameter of the disc 51 is provided.
There is a key groove 51a on the disc 51 that fits into one of the protrusions.
A key 55c is formed. Coil on yoke 55a
(Not shown) is wound and current is applied to the coil.
Magnetized so that the four magnetic poles and the adjacent magnetic poles are reversed.
can do. Position of the key 55c and the yoke 55a in the circumferential direction
The positional relationship is the circumference of the key groove 29b of the rotor 29 and the four salient poles.
It is equal to the directional relationship. Then, the key of the disk 51
-When the groove 51a is fitted into the key 55c and magnetized, the encoder
Of the magnetic poles magnetized by the magnet 34 and the four salient poles of the rotor 29
Positioning in the circumferential direction is achieved between them. According to the sixth embodiment, the field magnet 30 has a slot.
Encoder magnet 3 on the disc 51 that prevents
Since it incorporates 4, the ENCO adhered to the disk 51
Even if the rotor magnet 34 is peeled off, the engine between the disc 51 and the rotor 29
It will hold the coder magnet 34 and thus
The magnet 34 does not scatter inside the motor,
It is possible to prevent damage. In addition, the disk 51 is
Encoder magnet cover for fixing the encoder magnet
Since it also plays the role of, it is possible to reduce the number of parts by one.
It Further, one ring-shaped encoder magnet 34 is attached to the disc 51
Key groove 51 to be used for alignment with the rotor.
By using a to magnetize, the number of parts is smaller than before.
Even if it does not, the circumferential position of the rotor magnetic pole and the encoder magnet
The position of the magnetic pole in the circumferential direction can be accurately adjusted, and
As a result, the motor performance and its safety are improved.
It was [Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an electric motorcycle that is an example of an electric vehicle.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a motor that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the stator holding portion when the stator core is short, showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the stator holding portion when the stator core is long according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a motor that is another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a power transmission mechanism that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a motor case, a case of a power transmission mechanism, and a joint portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a view on arrow XX in FIG. 7. FIG.

9 is a view taken along the line YY of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a groove and a fixing bracket of the motor case.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a dustproof and waterproof electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a DC brushless motor that is an embodiment of the present invention.

14 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a stator of a DC brushless motor that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a DC brushless motor that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a sensor substrate of a DC brushless motor that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of components fixed to a shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of a rotor that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a side view of a rotor yoke that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a vertical cross-sectional view around a shaft and a rotor showing a fixing structure of an encoder magnet that is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing an encoder magnet, a disk, and a magnetizing yoke according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

  1 electric motorcycle   2 car body   Three wheels   Four wheels   5 handles   6 motor   6a Output shaft   6b wiring   6c wiring   9 Power transmission mechanism   10 cases   11 Motor case   11c hollow part   11d wall   11e groove   12 Motor cover   12a Ring-shaped protrusion   13 Stator   15 Filler   16 Seal material   17 Fixing bracket

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240913 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240914 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240915 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240916 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240917 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240918 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240919 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240920 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240921 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-240922 (32) Priority date September 9, 1992 (September 9, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-254892 (32) Priority date September 24, 1992 (September 24, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-283720 (32) Priority date September 29, 1992 (September 29, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (31) Priority claim number Japanese Patent Application No. 4-283721 (32) Priority date September 29, 1992 (September 29, 1992) (33) Priority claiming country Japan (JP) (72) Inventor Junki Sasaki               4415-2 Shinyoshida-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa                 Tokyo R & D Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Minoru Kanzaki               3-5 Yamato 3-chome, Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture               Within Co-Epson Corporation (72) Inventor Kazunari Yamakoshi               3-5 Yamato 3-chome, Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture               Within Co-Epson Corporation (72) Inventor Kunihiko Takashiro               3-5 Yamato 3-chome, Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture               Within Co-Epson Corporation (72) Inventor Yoshikazu Koike               3-5 Yamato 3-chome, Suwa City, Nagano Prefecture               Within Co-Epson Corporation (72) Inventor Atsushi Mizukoshi               4415-2 Shinyoshida-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa                 Tokyo R & D Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takeo Sato               4415-2 Shinyoshida-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa                 Tokyo R & D Co., Ltd.                (56) Reference JP-A-4-4703 (JP, A)                 JP 60-46745 (JP, A)                 Actual development Sho 58-179861 (JP, U)                 Actual Kaihei 4-34835 (JP, U)                 Actual development Sho 64-50661 (JP, U)                 Actual Kaihei 3-40801 (JP, U)                 Actual exploitation Sho 57-63464 (JP, U)                 Actual exploitation Sho 56-57654 (JP, U)                 62-161559 (JP, U)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electric vehicle equipped with a battery power supply, a motor, and a control device for controlling rotation of the motor as a drive system, wherein the motor has a motor case 11 and a motor cover 12, and the motor case 11 is a stator. 13 has a hollow portion 11c in which the motor cover 12 is fixed to one end of the motor case 11, and the motor cover 12 is a ring-shaped protrusion 12a fitted into the hollow portion 11c of the motor case 11. The ring-shaped protrusion 12a is provided so that the tip of the ring-shaped protrusion 12a presses the end surface of the stator 13 to fix the stator between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12, and the ring-shaped protrusion 12a The outer periphery is provided so as to cover the gap between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12 from the inside, and the space between the motor case 11 and the motor cover 12 is sealed with a filler 15 of liquid packing. Electric car to be. 2. A case 10 for accommodating a power transmission mechanism 9 in which a seal mechanism is provided on a bearing portion of a wheel fixed shaft, and a motor 6.
Are connected via a sealing member 16, and the wiring of the motor is once drawn out in the same direction as the output shaft of the motor, and is passed through a closed chamber formed by connecting the case 10 housing the power transmission mechanism and the motor 6, The electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle is pulled out from the engaging portion through the sealing material 16. 3. An electric vehicle equipped with a battery power supply, a motor, and a control device for controlling rotation of the motor as a drive system, wherein the power of the motor 6 is transmitted to wheels via a power transmission mechanism 9, and A case 10 for accommodating the power transmission mechanism 9 is provided and the motor 6 is attached to one end of the motor case 11.
The motor case 11 and the case 10 are hermetically sealed with a sealing material interposed between the motor case 11 and the case 10 except for the motor output shaft 6a and the motor wires 6b and 6c. U-shaped groove 11e is formed on the wall surface 11d of the motor in parallel with the output shaft, the sensor wiring 6c inside the motor is laid in the groove 11e, and the sensor wiring 6c is fixed by a plate-like fixing metal fitting 17 having a spring property. And a structure for pulling out the sensor wiring 6c to the outside of the motor case in the same direction as the output shaft 6a, the fixing metal fitting 17 includes an end portion fixed to the motor case 11, and the motor output shaft 6a. An electric vehicle comprising a plate-shaped portion parallel to the sensor wiring 6c and the groove 11e pressed by the plate-shaped portion. 4. A DC brushless motor that detects the rotor position and switches the excitation phase is used as the motor, and the DC brushless motor has a protrusion 13 for positioning on the outer circumference of the stator.
4. The electric vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising a groove c formed in the motor case, the groove engaging with the protrusion is formed in the motor case, and the stator engaging with the motor case. 5. The motor is a DC brushless motor, and the rotor of the motor has an even number of salient poles on the outer circumference and a slot for inserting a field magnet at the base of each salient pole. A rotor having a field magnet inserted in the slot, two discs for preventing the field magnet from coming out of the slot, and an encoder magnet are provided, and the encoder magnet is incorporated in one of the discs. The electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the electric vehicle is covered with the disc and the rotor.