JP3486682B1 - High speed powder reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed powder reaction apparatus with a small amount of contamination that can be mechanically alloyed by finely pulverizing and mixing a plurality of powders at high speed and in large quantities. SOLUTION: A plurality of grinding media balls 13 and powder 14
In the high-speed powder reactor 1 that makes the powder 14 fine particles by rotation of the processing container 3 containing the
At least one guide vane 7 that changes the movement direction of the grinding medium ball 13 based on the rotation of the grinding medium ball 13 is disposed in the processing container 3, and the grinding medium ball 1 whose movement direction has been changed.
When 3 collides with the powder 14 on the inner wall of the processing container 3, the kinetic energy of the grinding medium ball 13 is given to the powder 14 to make the powder fine.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-speed powder reaction apparatus which atomizes powder by rotating a processing container containing a plurality of grinding media balls and powder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various methods have been developed as a high-speed powder reaction apparatus for making fine particles into fine particles. Methods to show are known. 6 is a principle view of a high-speed powder reactor using a planetary ball mill, FIG. 7 is a partial side sectional view of a high-speed powder reactor using a vibrating ball mill, and FIG. 8 is a high-speed powder reactor adopting an Ong mill system. It is a principle diagram of a body reaction device.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the planetary ball mill system, the container 01 containing the grinding medium balls 02 and the powder 03 is orbitally rotated and revolves in the cylindrical wall surface 04, so that the grinding medium balls 02 are agitated. The powder is crushed by colliding with the powder 03.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the vibrating ball mill system, rotation of a motor 05 activates a vibration generating device 07 having an eccentric ring 06, and by vibrating a container 09 supported by a spring 08, this container is vibrated. The pulverizing medium ball 010 and the powder 011 in 09 are vibrated and agitated to finely pulverize the powder 011.

[0005] As shown in FIG. 8, Ong mill method,
The powder layer 01 accumulated on the inner wall surface of the casing 012 by the relative rotation of the rotating casing 012 and the rotating body 014 having the inner piece 013 arranged in the casing.
The powder is finely pulverized by applying compressive force and shearing force to 5.

[0006]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional high-speed powder reactor, the planetary ball mill system shown in FIG. 6 not only has a complicated mechanism itself for causing a planetary motion, but also has a high grinding speed. It has been found that there is a problem in mechanical strength when the rotation speed is increased in order to increase the rotation speed, and the contribution rate of the rotation to the collision efficiency is low.
Therefore, there is a limit to the compatibility between the large-sized container 01 and the high-speed crushing. Moreover, since the plurality of grinding medium balls 02 constantly collide with the adjacent grinding medium balls and the container in the container 01, abrasion powder from the container 07 and the grinding medium balls 08 (hereinafter, abbreviated as “contamination”). ) Was inevitable.

Further, the vibrating ball mill system shown in FIG. 7 is a system in which the container 07 is vibrated to add kinetic energy to the grinding medium balls 08. There is a problem that the energy added to is attenuated, and it is known that the amplitude is made large in order to increase the grinding efficiency, but due to the relationship of the spring constant it cannot be increased infinitely and there was a limit naturally. .

In order to further scale up, it is necessary to make the container 07 horizontally long in the vibrating ball mill system, but if the vibration balance is not very good,
It has been pointed out that the grinding media balls 08 are biased to one side and the efficiency is not improved. Moreover, since a plurality of grinding medium balls 08 collide with the bottom of the container 07 all at once, contamination from the container 07 and the grinding medium balls 08 was unavoidable.

On the other hand, in the ong mill system shown in FIG. 8, since the inner piece 013 constantly contacts and presses the powder layer 015, contamination from the inner piece 013 is unavoidable and crushing by shearing friction occurs. for,
There is a limit to the effectiveness of the energy given to the powder, and it was insufficient to achieve so-called mechanical alloying in which even non-reactive metals can be forcibly alloyed in the solid phase.

The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a contamination amount capable of mechanical alloying by finely powdering a plurality of powders in a large amount at high speed to form a mixed texture. The object is to provide a high-speed powder reaction device with less fuel consumption.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention removes the powder by rotating a processing container containing a plurality of grinding media balls and the powder. A high-speed powder reactor for atomizing particles, wherein at least one guide vane that changes the direction of movement of the grinding medium balls based on the rotation of the processing container is provided in the processing container.
Arranged in the processing container with a predetermined gap adjustable with respect to the wall surface, and the crushing medium ball whose movement direction is changed collides with the powder on the inner wall surface of the processing container, whereby the crushing is performed. It is characterized in that the kinetic energy possessed by the medium ball is applied to the powder to atomize the powder. According to this feature, by high speed rotation of the processing container, it is possible to impart kinetic energy milling media balls having as an active collision energy to the powder particles, it is also possible mechanical alloying suitable for high speed milling, Moreover, only friction occurs when the powder particles and the grinding media balls contact the guide vanes and when they collide with the processing container.
Except at that time, both the powder particles and the grinding medium balls rotate together with the processing container, so the amount of contamination from the processing container and the grinding medium balls can be suppressed as much as possible. Well
Also, adjust the gap between the guide vane and the processing container.
Therefore, even if the amount of powder increases, the powder layer thickness can be adjusted.
Easy scale-up without requiring major configuration changes
I can do it. The powder can be applied not only to metals but also to various reactions other than metals, such as ceramics such as metal oxides and the same kind or different kinds of fusion of organic substances, separation and the like.

In the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that the powders are two or more kinds of powders, and the powders are finely mixed and structured by continuous rotation of the processing container. By doing so, it is possible to create a new material by forming a fine mixed organization of various powders of organic substances, plastics, inorganic substances, metals and the like.

In the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that the powders are two or more kinds of metal powders, and the powders are alloyed by continuous rotation of the processing container. By doing so, the non-reactive metals can be alloyed with each other in a solid phase, and a new alloy material can be created.

In the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that the inside of the processing container is vacuum or filled with a required gas. In this way, by appropriately using inert gas, reducing gas, oxygen, etc. as the required gas, it is possible to suppress the active powder and process the powder, or to activate the powder more effectively, thereby making it possible to produce various powders. Enable processing.

In the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that the processing container is filled with a liquid. By doing so, the crushing efficiency can be increased, and depending on the type of powder, an auxiliary action of accelerating the reaction can be performed.

In the high speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the processing container and the guide vane can be kept in a cooled state. By doing so, it is possible to suppress the heat generation from the processing container and the guide vane accompanying the increase in speed and capacity, and to maintain a stable reaction in the high-speed powder reactor.

In the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that the rake angle of the guide vanes that change the moving direction of the grinding medium balls is variable. In this way, effective collision efficiency can be obtained by selecting the optimum rake angle.

[0018]

In the high speed powder reactor of the present invention, the grinding medium balls are preferably zirconia balls. In this way, abrasion powder from the pulverized media balls is suppressed, contamination is further reduced, and a fine-grained product or a finely mixed textured product of stable quality can be obtained.

In the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention, it is preferable that at least a part of the processing container and the guide vane is formed of an abrasion resistant material. In this way, by forming the processing vessel and the required portions of the guide vanes with the wear resistant material, it is possible to withstand a high speed and a large capacity for a long time.

In the high-speed powder reactor according to the present invention, it is preferable that the processing container can be installed by selecting an arbitrary direction of all directions including a central axis of rotation of the processing container including vertical and horizontal directions.
By doing so, the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention can exhibit the operational effects regardless of the orientation of the processing container, which is convenient.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a high speed powder reactor of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a principle diagram for explaining the operation of the high speed powder reactor of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a high-speed powder reaction apparatus before charging powder and a grinding medium ball, which will be described later, in which a processing container 3 is directly connected to a motor M with respect to a fixed support shaft 2. Alternatively, it is rotatably supported via a belt 5. A guide vane 7 connected to the fixed support shaft 2 by an arm 6 is disposed in the processing container 3 with a predetermined gap d from the inner wall surface 3a of the processing container.

As shown by the broken line, a pipe 8 for introducing or discharging an inert gas into the processing container 3 is provided on the fixed support shaft 2, and the inert gas is supplied by an inlet valve V1 and an exhaust valve. Supply and discharge control is performed at V2. Therefore, although not shown, the conduit 8 and the internal space of the processing container 3 communicate with each other through the pores. A pressure release valve (explosion proof valve) 9 is prepared as a safety device for opening the internal pressure of the processing container 3 before the internal pressure becomes high.

As the inert gas, nitrogen, argon or the like is appropriately selected depending on the kind of powder to be charged into the processing container 3. A reducing gas or oxygen is used without using an inert gas. In some cases, the introduction valve V1 is closed and the exhaust valve V
The high vacuum chamber may be created by exhausting the air in the processing container 3 from 2.

A ring-shaped hollow portion 10 is provided inside the processing container 3.
Is formed, and the cooling water introduced from the outside in the direction of arrow a passes through the fixed support shaft 2 and passes through the passage formed in the rotary seal body 11a that rotates together with the processing container 3 as shown by the alternate long and short dash line. It is guided to the bottom surface side, and is guided from the ring-shaped hollow portion 4 from the other rotary seal body 11b through the center pipe 12 in the direction of arrow b.

On the other hand, the cooling water introduced from the direction of the other arrow c of the fixed support shaft 2 is arranged so as to cool the guide vanes 7 as shown by the chain double-dashed line (the discharge side pipe is not shown). ). With this configuration, heat generation from the processing container 3 and the guide vanes 7 due to high speed and large capacity can be suppressed, and a stable reaction of the high speed powder reactor 1 can be maintained.

A wear resistant lining is lined on the inner surface of the processing container 3, and the guide vanes 7 are also formed of a wear resistant material. Especially for the guide vanes 7, the grinding media balls 1
It is preferable that the tip end portion with which 3 contacts is made of a replaceable wear resistant tip. Silicon nitride, cemented carbide or the like is used as the wear resistant material.

FIG. 2 shows a principle diagram of a state in which the grinding medium balls 13 and the powder 14 are put into the processing container 3 and the processing container 3 is rotated at a high speed. When the processing container 3 rotates in the direction of the arrow, the grinding medium balls 13 and the powder 14 rotate integrally with the processing container 3 while being pressed against the inner wall surface 3a of the processing container 3 by the action of centrifugal force.

The high-speed reactor shown in FIG. 2 has a horizontal arrangement in which the rotation axis of the processing container 3 is horizontal, but the orientation of the processing container 3 is not limited to horizontal but may be vertical in which the rotation axis is vertical. Further, the rotary shaft may be installed so as to be inclined, and the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention can exhibit the operational effects regardless of the orientation of the processing container 3. it can.

Since the guide vanes 7 are fixedly arranged in the processing container 3, a part of the powder particles pressed against the inner wall surface 3a and the grinding medium balls 13 are guided by the guide vanes 7.
The guide vane 7 and change its direction along the rake angle θ of the guide vane 7.

The rake angle θ of the guide vane 7 means that the extension line pp ′ of the blade surface 7a of the guide vane 7 is the inner wall surface 3.
It is the angle formed by the tangent line op at the point p that contacts a and the blade surface 7a, and is preferably about 20 to 45 °. That is, if the rake angle is 20 ° or less, the grinding media ball 1
The range of 3 is small, the collision efficiency with the powder 12 is low, and a sufficient mechanical alloying effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the rake angle is 45 ° or more, the ball trajectory may come into contact with the fixed support shaft 2, so it may be set to about 35 °.

The pulverized medium ball 13 whose direction has been changed by the blade surface 7a of the guide vane 7 jumps out in the direction of the arrow X, and is brought into close contact with the inner wall surface 3a of the processing container 3 to rotate as a powder together with the processing container 3. The particles collide with the layer and the powder scraped by the guide vanes 7 and deflected in the same manner as the grinding medium balls 13 at the collision point A portion.

At this time, the kinetic energy possessed by the grinding medium ball 13 is imparted to the powder 14, and the energy (E) lost by the grinding medium ball 13 due to collision is determined by the mass of the grinding medium ball 13 being m, E when the flight speed is v
= (1/2) mv ² (1-k). However, k is a variable determined by the coefficient of restitution, the coefficient of friction, the rake angle, etc. when the grinding medium balls 13 collide with the processing container 3.
Then select a material with a small coefficient of restitution and coefficient of friction,
A higher mechanical alloying effect can be obtained by increasing the rotation speed of the processing container.

Particularly, in the case of the present embodiment, unlike the conventional powder reactor, the applied energy is not dispersed and is concentrated and applied only at one collision point A, so that the powder is effectively converted into powder. It can give energy.

In order to scale up, the processing container 3
When the amount of powder to be charged into the container is increased, the thickness of the powder layer rotating with the processing container 3 increases, but the guide vanes 7
By adjusting the gap d between the inner wall surface 3a of the processing container 3 and the inner wall surface 3a of the processing container 3, it is possible to limit the thickness of the powder layer and efficiently apply energy to the powder particles.

Further, in the present invention, since the particles of the powder 14 and the grinding medium balls 13 are rotated together with the processing container 3 at a high speed, friction between them does not occur.
The abrasion powder is generated at two positions, that is, a position where the powder particles and the grinding medium balls 13 come into contact with the guide vanes 7 and a collision point A part of the inner wall surface 3a of the processing container 3 behind the guide vanes 7 after the grinding vanes 7 fly. However, the contamination amount can be greatly reduced compared to the conventional high-speed powder reactor. In particular, if a zirconia ball is used instead of the steel crushing medium ball, the speed of miniaturization is slightly reduced in terms of mass, but contamination can be further reduced.

Furthermore, as the powder, organic substances, plastics,
If two or more kinds of powders of inorganic substances, metals, etc. are put into the processing container and continuously rotated, it becomes possible to create a new material by forming a fine mixed organization of these powders. In particular, if the powder is made of two or more kinds of metal powder, it is possible to form an alloy structure of non-reactive metals with each other in the solid phase.

Next, Al (aluminum) powder and Ni (nickel) are charged into the processing container 3 and the rotation speed is set to 6.7 Hz and 1.
The experimental result at 0 Hz will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 shows the processing time (k when the rotation speed is 6.7 Hz).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in crystal particle size (nm) with respect to s), and FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in crystal particle size (nm) with respect to processing time (ks) when the rotation speed is 10 Hz.

The guide vane used in the experiment had a rake angle of 35 ° obtained by quenching die steel from the viewpoint of wear resistance, and had an inner diameter of 150 mm with a silicon nitride lining on its inner surface.
3mmφ in a processing container with a depth of 50mm
Al powder and Ni powder were mixed in a ratio of 1: 3 with the zirconia ball (30 cc) and the atom ratio, and a total of 40 cc of sample powder was added. Treated powder is 18ks, 36ks, 72k
s, 108ks, 180ks, 270ks, 360ks
Each sample was sampled, embedded in a resin and polished, and then the structure was observed.

When the processing container is rotated at 6.7 Hz,
Both powder particles are finely crushed in 18 ks to 36 ks, and the flattening and the fineness progress, and the partially flattened particles aggregate. FIG. 3A shows the time point after 72 ks when the crystal grain size (111) of the Al powder becomes about 25 nm. After 72 ks, the observation by X-ray diffraction shows that Al (11
The peak of 1) disappeared and the crystal structure became indefinite.

From 72 to 180 ks, kneading (spreading breakage) progressed and many multi-layered particles were observed. At this stage, voids were still seen between the layers, but after 180 ks had no voids were seen between the layers, and the particles had a more dense layered structure. After that, the observation of the layered structure with an optical microscope became impossible, and finally, at 360 ks, an alloy structure in which Al and Ni were mixed was observed.

On the other hand, when the processing container was rotated at 10 Hz, grain kneading was already observed at 18 ks, and the crystal grain size (111) of the Al powder was 18 nm at 36 ks in FIG. It becomes about, and Al (11
The peak of 1) disappeared, and at 72 ks, 18 at 6.7 Hz.
It exhibited a dense lamellar structure at the same stage as 0 ks to 270 ks. It was observed that at 144 ks, fine layered particles that could not be observed with an optical microscope were obtained, and at 180 ks, the layered structure collapsed and a fine alloy structure in which Al and Ni were mixed was partially present. In this way, by increasing the rotation speed of the processing container, it is possible to react the powder in a short time and obtain an alloy structure.

FIG. 5 shows the processing time (k) when the rotation speed of the processing container was set to 10 Hz using the steel grinding media balls.
It is a graph which shows the change of crystal grain size (nm) to s). At the time of 36 ks in (c) of FIG. 5, the crystal grain size (111) of the Al powder becomes about 33 nm,
The peak of Al (111) disappears and 18 in (d) of FIG.
Crystal grain size of Ni powder at 0 ks (111)
Was found to reach equiaxed nanocrystalline particles having a random crystal axis of about 8 nm. This is about 1/10 in time compared with the rolling ball mill which is industrially used as a crusher, and the crystal grain size is about 1
It is / 4.

At the time point when 270 ks in (e) of FIG. 5 had elapsed, most of the intermetallic compounds were AlNi ₃ produced. It has been found that the use of steel balls having a large mass effect makes the particles finer at high speed and the mechanical ironing effect appears earlier.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments. For example, the embodiment in which one guide vane is installed will be described. However, it is clear that a plurality of guide vanes may be present as long as the grinding vanes can be changed by the guide vanes when they are present on the inner wall surface of the processing container. When a plurality of guide vanes are used in this way, the energy concentration degree is dispersed, but the number of guide vanes can be appropriately selected.

In the embodiment, the processing container is filled with the required gas as appropriate, but instead of this, a liquid may be filled. Due to the presence of liquid in the processing vessel,
The crushing efficiency can be increased, and depending on the type of powder, an auxiliary action for promoting the reaction can be performed.

Further, as a method of driving the processing container, a ring gear may be attached to the bottom surface of the processing container and the rotational driving force from the motor may be transmitted to the ring gear via the pinion gear, or the processing container may be placed horizontally. The processing container may be placed obliquely and the body of the processing container may be frictionally transmitted by a plurality of friction ring members. Further, although the guide vane has been described as an example in which it is connected to the fixed support shaft, it may be configured so that it can rotate in the processing container as long as the grinding medium balls can be deflected.

[0049]

The present invention has the following effects.

[0050] (a) According to the present invention wherein, by high speed rotation of the processing container, impart kinetic energy milling media balls have in <br/> effective collision energy to the powder particles Therefore, it is suitable for high-speed crushing and mechanical alloying is possible. Moreover, only friction occurs when the powder particles and the crushing medium balls come into contact with the guide vanes and when they collide with the processing container. Since both the powder particles and the grinding medium balls rotate together with the processing container, the amount of contamination from the processing container and the grinding medium balls can be suppressed as much as possible. Also, guide vanes and
By adjusting the gap with the processing container, even if the amount of powder increases,
Since the body layer thickness can be adjusted, it is necessary to significantly change the configuration.
Easy to scale up. The powder can be applied not only to metals but also to various reactions other than metals, such as ceramics such as metal oxides and the same kind or different kinds of fusion of organic substances, separation and the like.

(B) According to the second aspect of the invention, it is possible to create a new material by forming a fine mixed organization of various powders of organic substances, plastics, inorganic substances, metals and the like.

(C) According to the invention of claim 3, non-reactive metals can be alloyed with each other in a solid phase, and a new alloy material can be created.

(D) According to the invention of claim 4, an inert gas, a reducing gas, oxygen or the like is appropriately used as a required gas to suppress the active powder, or to further activate the powder. By doing so, various powders can be processed.

(E) According to the invention of claim 5, the crushing efficiency can be increased, and depending on the kind of powder, an auxiliary action for promoting the reaction can be performed.

(F) According to the invention of claim 6, high speed,
It is possible to suppress heat generation from the processing container and the guide vane due to the increase in capacity, and maintain a stable reaction in the high-speed powder reactor.

(G) According to the invention of claim 7, effective collision efficiency can be obtained by selecting an optimum rake angle.

[0057]

( H ) According to the invention of claim 8 , abrasion powder from the grinding media balls is suppressed, contamination is further reduced, and a fine-grained product or a fine mixed-structured product of stable quality can be obtained.

( I ) According to the invention of claim 9 , by molding required portions of the processing container and the guide vanes with an abrasion resistant material, it is possible to endure a long time even at high speed and large capacity processing. it can.

( J ) According to the invention of claim 10 , the operation effect of the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention can be exhibited regardless of the direction of the processing container, and the usability is good.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a high-speed powder reactor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a principle diagram for explaining the operation of the high-speed powder reactor of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a processing time (ks) when the rotation speed is 6.7 Hz.
5 is a graph showing changes in crystal grain size (nm) with respect to FIG.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in crystal grain size (nm) with respect to processing time (ks) when the rotation speed is 10 Hz.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change in crystal grain size (nm) with respect to a processing time (ks) when a rotation speed of a processing container is set to 10 Hz by using a steel grinding media ball.

FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of a conventional high-speed powder reaction device using a planetary ball mill.

FIG. 7 is a partial side sectional view of a conventional high-speed powder reaction apparatus using a vibrating ball mill.

FIG. 8 is a principle diagram of a conventional high-speed powder reaction apparatus that employs an Ongmill system.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 High-speed powder reactor 2 Fixed support shaft 3 processing vessels 3a inner wall surface 4 motor 5 belt 6 arms 7 guide vanes 7a Blade surface 8 pipelines 9 Pressure release valve (explosion proof valve) 10 Ring-shaped hollow part 11a, 11b Rotating seal body 12 center pipe 13 crushed media balls 14 powder d Predetermined gap M motor V1 introduction valve V2 exhaust valve θ rake angle

Front page continuation (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 17/10 B02C 17/18 B02C 17/20

Claims (10)

(57) [Claims] 1. A high-speed powder reaction apparatus which atomizes the powder by rotating a processing container containing a plurality of grinding media balls and powder, wherein the grinding medium is based on the rotation of the processing container. At least one guide vane that changes the direction of movement of the ball can be adjusted with respect to the inner wall surface of the processing container.
The crushing medium ball, which is disposed in the processing container with a predetermined gap, and whose direction of movement is changed, collides with the powder on the inner wall surface of the processing container, thereby causing the crushing medium ball to move. A high-speed powder reaction device, characterized in that energy is applied to the powder to atomize the powder. 2. The high-speed powder reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the powder is two or more kinds of powder, and the powder is finely mixed and structured by continuous rotation of the processing container. 3. The powder is two or more kinds of metal powder,
The high-speed powder reactor according to claim 1, wherein the powder is alloyed by continuous rotation of the processing container. 4. The high-speed powder reactor according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the processing container is vacuum or filled with a required gas. 5. The high-speed powder reactor according to claim 1, wherein a liquid is filled and sealed in the processing container. 6. The high-speed powder reactor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the processing container and the guide vane can be kept in a cooled state. 7. The high-speed powder reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rake angle of the guide vanes that change the moving direction of the grinding medium balls is variable. 8. The crushing medium ball is a zirconia ball.
Fast powder reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is. 9. The processing container and the guide vane are small.
The high-speed powder reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least a part thereof is formed of an abrasion resistant material . 10. The processing container has a central axis of rotation.
Select any direction from all directions including vertical and horizontal
The high-speed powder reactor according to claim 1, which can be installed .