JP3463604B2 - Dolphin construction method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a monopot type mooring applied to a floating structure or a super-large floating structure installed on the sea, a ship that does not require a dolphin for berthing or an upper construction area. it relates Dolphin methods construction such as for mooring or berthing applied to offshore oil reserve tanks.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 4, dolphin structures for mooring ships and offshore oil storage tanks and for berthing are pile type (ramen type, oblique pile type, flexible type), jacket type, gravity type. There is. In the case of dolphins for ships and offshore oil storage tanks, it is necessary to have a certain large area on the upper part in order to secure a space for unloading cargo to be transported or a space for maintenance of fenders, etc. Often becomes.

In the case of the pile type dolphin shown in FIG. 4 (a), a temporary guide material (image of a ruler) for accurately placing a plurality of steel pipe piles 50 is installed, and the steel pipe piles 50 are placed on the seabed. I will set it. After that, a method of constructing the superstructure 51 with cast-in-place concrete using a concrete plant ship on the sea or installing the precast superstructure 51 on the steel pipe pile 50 by a large hoist ship is adopted.

In the case of the jacket type dolphin shown in FIG. 4 (b), a method is adopted in which the jacket 60 is installed on the sea bottom and the steel pipe piles 61 are driven on the sea bottom ground through the legs 60a of the jacket. On the jacket 60, in the same way as above, cast superstructure 6 made of cast-in-place concrete or precast.
Two are provided. This method often requires a large hoist ship to carry and install the jacket 60.

In the case of the gravity type dolphin shown in FIG. 4 (c),
The construction is carried out by towing and digging the caisson 70 manufactured in advance on land or in the sea area.

[0006]

The above-mentioned dolphins for mooring and berthing used for ships and offshore oil storage tanks have a relatively large structure and are troublesome to construct. If it is applied to a floating structure or a super-large floating structure that requires dolphin, the construction period and construction cost increase, which is economically disadvantageous.

As a dolphin for a floating structure or a super-large floating structure, if the superstructure has only to receive the mooring reaction force of the floating structure and transmit it to the substructure, the superstructure has a compact structure. It becomes possible, and the structural type such as the monopot type becomes one of the choices. Further, even in the case of ships and offshore oil storage tanks, the same type of dolphin can be used even when a large superstructure area is not required.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to make it possible to moor a floating body with a relatively simple structure, to facilitate construction, and to greatly reduce the construction period and construction cost. It is intended to provide a method of constructing a dolphin for mooring, for berthing, etc.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention , there is provided a method for constructing a dolphin for mooring, berthing, etc., in which a column (steel pipe column or the like) and a pile (steel pipe pile or the like) are mounted so as to be vertically movable.
The box body (the steel box-making body, precast Conch over door a box body or the like)
With the columns and piles temporarily fixed, tow them into the installation area and
After mooring the box in the area, use the box as a guide
Is placed on the seabed, and a box is poured using this pillar as a guide.
It was made to settle with water, and the bottomed box and support were fixed.
After that, the pile is driven into the seabed by using the box as a guide . Fixing the box body and the lower part of the column and the box body and the pile head
For fixing the part, grout material or grout material
It is preferable to connect with a break key.

The pillars and stakes are of a type in which the box can be moved up and down, and can be temporarily fixed while protruding upward from the box when the box is towed. It is preferable that the piles can be temporarily placed on the seabed, then the box can be sunk by guiding the columns, and the piles can be placed on the seabed by using the sunk box as a guide (guide material work).

A second aspect of the present invention is a method for constructing a dolphin for mooring, berthing, etc., wherein a box (steel pipe pile) and a pile (steel pipe pile) are vertically movable . box body, the precast conc over preparative box making and the like) and towed to the installation sea area struts and piles in temporarily fixed state, after temporarily anchoring the box making body installation sea area, and Da設the post to seabed to a box body as a guide After the box is settled by pouring water by using this pillar as a guide and the bottom box and the pillar are fixed, the pile is driven into the seabed ground using the box as a guide, and the pillar and the upper part of the pile are inclined.
It is characterized by being connected with a material . Fixing the box and the lower part of the pillar, fixing the box and the head of the pile , connecting the end of the diagonal member to the pillar and the pile
For fixing, it is preferable to connect the grout material or the grout material with a shear key.

In the above-mentioned structure, the dolphins for mooring, berthing, etc. are a box body to be sunk in the seabed, a column whose lower part is fixed to this box, and a plurality of boxes for fixing the box to the seabed. A dolphin made of a pile of books and having a relatively simple structure can be provided, and particularly in a super-large floating body structure requiring a large number of dolphins, the construction period and the construction cost can be significantly reduced.

At the time of construction, the box body is
At the time of temporary mooring), it functions as a buoyant body and as a guide material work as a temporary work for pile driving, and when completed, the box can be used as a dolphin underwater foundation footing. Since the dolphin structural members can be transported by utilizing the buoyancy of the box, a large hoist ship is not required, and the pile can be moved up and down on the box, and the pile can be driven using the box as a guide. , No special guide material is required,
Furthermore, the pillar can be easily placed by using the box as a guide. Since the construction can be performed quickly using the dolphin structural members, the construction period and construction cost can be significantly reduced.

Further, the box body, columns, piles, etc. can be made of precast members, etc., so that it is not necessary to place concrete on the sea for constructing foundation footing. Also,
Grout connection is used to connect the box and columns and the box and foundation piles to make a relatively small work boat (mortar ship).
Can be installed in In addition, immediately after the box enters the installation area, by temporarily placing the lower part of the pillar on the seabed,
It is possible to reduce the time required for mooring with mooring lines and to avoid an unstable state during construction as much as possible.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on illustrated embodiments. This embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a ship, and FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a dolphin for both mooring and berthing. FIG. 2 shows the construction method of the present invention in the order of steps.

In FIG. 1, a dolphin 1 for mooring or berthing of the present invention is mainly a box 2 that functions as a buoyant body, a guide material work, and an undersea foundation footing, and projects from the sunk box 2 to the sea. A pillar 3 mooring the ship A and a plurality of piles 4 for fixing the box body 2 and the pillar 3 to the seabed B.
And a superstructure 5 having a small area for mooring installed on the head of the column 3.

The box body 2 is a prefabricated steel box body such as a steel shell or a steel jacket with a buoyant body, or a PC structure or RC.
It is a precast concrete box with a structure, which can be towed over the sea with buoyancy and can be sunk to the sea floor by pouring water into the ballast chamber.

The column 3 is a large-diameter column for transmitting the mooring reaction force of the ship A to the seabed B via the box 2 and the pile 4.
It is preferably a steel tube column. In addition, a precast concrete column or a composite column made of steel pipe and concrete or the like may be used. The pile 4 is also preferably a steel pipe pile, but may be a precast concrete pile or a composite pile.

The pillars 3 and the piles 4 are attached to the box body 2 so as to be movable up and down, and can be towed together with the box body 2 to the installation sea area in a state of protruding above the sea. 3 can be temporarily laid, and the box 2 can be sunk by using the stanchions 3 that have been temporarily laid as a guide.
The pile 4 can be driven by using as a guide.

The support column 3 is inserted and arranged in the opening 2a provided in the central portion of the box 2 and serving as a mounting hole and a guide hole.
The support 2 is inserted and arranged in the opening 2b provided around the opening 2a and also serves as a mounting hole and a guide hole, and rollers provided on the peripheral walls of these openings are brought into contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the support pillar 3 and the pile 4 to support the support pillar 3
-Guiding and supporting the pile 4 so that it can move up and down. Further, the temporary fixing of the columns 3 and the piles 4 to the box body 2 at the time of towing may be performed by inserting pins into the columns 3 and the piles 4, for example.

The superstructure 5 is a member for mounting the fender 11 and mooring column 12, etc., and is a steel or concrete box surrounding the head of the column 3, with a hoist ship and a crawler crane. The dolphin is transported by a ship, installed on the head of the column 3 after the completion of the construction of the dolphin body, and fixed with grout material or the like.

The dolphin 1 for mooring or berthing having the above structure is constructed in the installation area by the following procedure (Fig. 2).
reference). The dolphin 1 is shown in Fig. 1 (b) in the case of a ship.
As shown in FIG. 4, a large number of vessels are arranged so as to contact the vessel on one side of the vessel A or apart from the vessel. 13 is a platform.

(1) Box 2 prefabricated in a manufacturing yard
Is launched, and the support column 3 and the pile 4 are temporarily fixed to the box body 2.
As shown in FIG. 2 (i), the columns 3 and the piles 4 have their lower portions inserted and fixed in the openings 2a and 2b so as to project upward from the box 2.

(2) As shown in FIG. 2 (i), the column 3 and the pile 4
The box 2 temporarily fixed by the tow is towed by the tow boat 6 to the installation area. (3) As shown in FIG. 2 (ii), when the installation area is reached, the box 2 is temporarily moored by the mooring line 7, and the support column 3 is opened by the vibro hammer or hydraulic hammer.
Is temporarily placed as a guide, and the lower part of the support column 3 is temporarily fixed in the seabed B. After the column 3 is temporarily fixed, the box 3 can be held in position by the column 3, so that the mooring by the mooring line 7 can be released depending on the natural environment conditions.

(4) As shown in FIG. 2 (iii), water is poured into the box body 2 and the box body 2 is sunk by using the column 3 as a guide.
The box body 2 with the piles 4 protruding upward reaches the bottom of the seabed B.

(5) Fix the box 2 and the column 3 in the state shown in FIG. 2 (iii). This fixing is performed by filling a grout material 8 such as a filling mortar between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 2a and the outer peripheral surface of the support column 3. If the strength is insufficient with just the filling mortar, install a shear key in advance.

(6) As shown in FIG. 2 (iv), a submersible vibro hammer or a yatco is also used, and the pile 4 is placed in the seabed B using the opening 2b of the box 2 as a guide by a vibro hammer or a hydraulic hammer. To set.

(7) As shown in FIG. 2 (v), when the driving of the pile 4 is completed, the box body 2 and the head of the pile 4 are fixed. This fixing is also performed by filling a grouting material 9 such as filling mortar between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 2b and the outer peripheral surface of the pile 4,
If the strength is insufficient with just the filling mortar, install a shear key in advance. As described above, the temporarily fixed support columns 3 serve as the box body 2 and the piles 4 as the undersea foundation footing.
Is firmly fixed to the seabed B.

(8) As shown in FIG. 2 (vi), a hoisting machine such as a hoist ship or a barge with a crawler crane is used, and
The superstructure 5 is installed on the head of the, and fixed with the grout material 10 such as filling mortar. Also in this case, when the strength is insufficient only with the filling mortar or the like, a shear key or the like is attached in advance.

(9) Accessories such as fenders 11 and mooring columns 12 are attached. The ship A is berthed and moored by berthing the ship A on a part of the completed dolphin 1 and the platform 13 and also by mooring lines 14 on the mooring columns 12 of the dolphin for berthing and mooring. In addition,
Attach fenders 11 and mooring posts 12 to superstructure 5,
It can also be installed together with the superstructure 5. The superstructure 5 may have a shape that surrounds the support column 3 and can have a compact structure with almost no occupied area.

Further, when the cross section (diameter, plate thickness, etc.) of the support column 3 is made small, it is possible to deal with it by installing the diagonal block 15 as shown in FIG. 3 in advance or afterwards.
That is, the diagonal block 15 includes a plurality of diagonal blocks 15a that are arranged around the support column 3 and form a truncated cone in a side view, and an upper portion of the multiple diagonal blocks 15a that are integrated so that the column 3 can be inserted with a gap therebetween. The cylindrical portion 15b and the lower cylindrical portion 15 which is integrally provided at the lower portion of each diagonal member 15a and into which the pile 4 can be inserted with a gap.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), the diagonal block 15 is assembled in advance to the pillar 3 and the pile 4 which are temporarily fixed on the box body 2, and the pillar 3 is temporarily placed in the installation sea area. After that, as shown in Fig. 3 (b), the diagonal block 15 which is sunk together with the box 2 or is separately carried is used after the piles 4 have been placed.
Is used as a guide. The fixation of the diagonal block 15 to the pillars 3 and the piles 4 is carried out by the grout material 16 such as the filling mortar or the shear key, as described above.

It should be noted that although the case where the invention is applied to a ship has been described above, it is needless to say that the invention is not limited to this and can be applied to a floating structure, a super-large floating structure, an offshore oil storage tank, and the like.

[0033]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) A dolphin for mooring, berthing, etc. is composed of a box, columns and a plurality of piles, and can be a dolphin with a relatively simple structure. It is possible to significantly reduce the construction period and construction cost for structures and super-large floating structures.

(2) At the time of construction, the box can be used as a buoyant body, a guide material work, and an undersea foundation footing, and the dolphin structure member can be transported by using the buoyancy of the box, so that a large hoist ship is not required. In addition, since the pile is provided on the box so as to be movable up and down and the pile is driven by using the box as a guide, no special guide material work is required. Further, the pillar can be easily placed by using the box as a guide. Since the construction can be performed quickly using the structural member of the dolphin, the construction period and the construction cost can be significantly reduced.

(3) Boxes, stanchions, piles, etc. can be composed of precast members, etc., so that concrete placing on the sea for constructing foundation footing is unnecessary, which is advantageous in terms of construction cost and construction period. .

(4) By using a grout connection for the connection between the box and the column and the connection between the box and the foundation pile, it is possible to carry out the work on a relatively small work boat (mortar ship), and the construction cost and construction period are reduced. Will be advantageous.

(5) Immediately after the box enters the installation area, by temporarily placing the lower part of the support pillar on the seabed, it is possible to reduce the time required for mooring with mooring lines and to reduce the instability of construction. It can be avoided as much as possible, which is advantageous in terms of construction cost, construction period, and safety.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a dolphin for mooring or berthing of the present invention, (a) is a perspective view of the dolphin installed and fixed, (b)
[Fig. 6] is a plan view showing the arrangement of dolphins.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a method of constructing a dolphin for mooring, berthing, etc. according to the present invention in the order of steps.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a construction method showing a case in which a diagonal block is provided in the dolphin of the present invention to reduce the cross section of the column.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a structure type of a conventional dolphin for mooring or berthing.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 …… Dolphin for mooring and berthing 2 ... Box, 2a, 2b ... Opening 3 ... Support 4 ... Pile 5: Superstructure 6 ... Tugboat 7 ... Mooring line 8: Grout material 9: Grout material 10 ... Grout material 11 ... Fender 12 ... Mooring pillar 13 ... Platform 14 ... Mooring line 15 ... diagonal block 16: Grout material

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Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A pillar and a stake are mounted so as to be vertically movable.
The towed to the installation waters pillars and piles while temporarily fixing the box body,
After tentatively mooring the box in the installation sea area, the pillar was driven into the seabed by using the box as a guide, and the box was settled by pouring water by using the pillar as a guide, and the bottomed box and the pillar were fixed. After that, a method for constructing a dolphin is characterized in that the pile is driven into the seabed with the box as a guide. 2. A pillar and a stake are mounted so as to be vertically movable.
The towed to the installation waters pillars and piles while temporarily fixing the box body,
After tentatively mooring the box in the installation sea area, the pillar was driven into the seabed by using the box as a guide, and the box was settled by pouring water by using the pillar as a guide, and the bottomed box and the pillar were fixed. After that, piles are placed in the seabed using the box as a guide ,
A method for constructing a dolphin, characterized in that the pillar and the upper part of the pile are connected by a diagonal member .