JP3443055B2 - Organic waste treatment apparatus and treatment method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment apparatus and an organic waste treatment method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when manure produced from, for example, humans or livestock is composted, the water content (including liquid such as ammonia) of manure is adjusted to about 65%, and then the fermenter is put into the fertilizer. Air (oxygen) that is fed from the mouth and promotes aerobic fermentation is supplied to the manure from the bottom of the fermenter via an air pipe, and the manure is intermittently turned over to be fed to the fermenter inlet. There are many methods in which the manure and urine are sequentially sent to the rear outlet over a period of days.

Air (oxygen) for aerobic fermentation in general
Supply is very important, as is manure treatment, and the required air volume is known from many sources. Therefore, also in the above-mentioned manure processing, a manure processing apparatus that satisfies the required air amount in the entire fermenter is used.

By the way, the manure in the fermenter gradually changes in water content, mass, density, etc. as the fermentation progresses from the input side (water content around 65%) to the extraction side (water content around 35-40%). And the passage resistance of the air supplied thereby gradually decreases. Therefore, it is important to select the air pressure and the air amount in consideration of the passage resistance of air accompanying the progress of fermentation.

[0005]

However, in the conventional manure processing apparatus, a plurality of the above-mentioned air pipes having a large number of air ejection holes are arranged in a plurality of rows from the inlet of the fermenter to the outlet. Therefore, the air inside the pipe is concentrated on the extraction side where the passage resistance is low, and it is hardly supplied to the input side that requires the most air, and conversely the supply side becomes over-supplied, and even if the equipment is operating, it ferments. Most of the causes that are said to be difficult were the lack of air during this initial fermentation and the excess supply at the end of fermentation.

Therefore, the present invention provides an organic waste treatment apparatus and an organic waste treatment method capable of composting organic waste such as manure and garbage by improving fermentation efficiency. The purpose is to do.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention comprises a fermentation tank into which organic waste is introduced from one end in the longitudinal direction, and the fermentation tank. And an air supply means for supplying air to the organic waste from the bottom of the fermenter, while intermittently turning back the organic waste in the fermenter to move from the initial fermentation region on the one end side to the end stage fermentation region on the other end side. Stirring means, further, the air supply means, according to the fermentation progress process of the organic waste from the initial fermentation region of the fermenter in the end stage fermentation region, it is possible to adjust the amount of air supplied Is.

Further, the air supply means includes a plurality of air ejection conduits arranged in each of a plurality of regions from the initial fermentation region to the end stage fermentation region of the fermenter, and the plurality of air ejection conduits. And a plurality of air supply sources corresponding to the above, respectively, and the plurality of air supply sources are configured to independently supply air to the air ejection conduits of the respective regions.

Further, in the method for treating organic waste according to the present invention, a predetermined amount of organic waste is intermittently charged from one end side in the longitudinal direction of the fermentation tank, and the organic matter in the fermentation tank is stirred by a stirring means. Moving the system waste from the initial fermentation region side of the one end side to the end stage fermentation region side of the other end while intermittently turning back the system waste, and air from the bottom of the fermenter to the organic waste by the air supply means. A method for treating an organic waste to be supplied, in which an appropriate amount of air is supplied in accordance with a fermentation progress process of the organic waste in the above-mentioned initial fermentation region of the fermenter in the final stage fermentation region.

The organic waste is manure. At this time, an unadjusted amount of manure or urine is sprayed on the surface of the high temperature fermented portion of manure in the fermentation process. In addition, an appropriate amount of an auxiliary material or a mixed material of the above-mentioned auxiliary material and a compost formed by fermenting the manure is added to the manure newly introduced into the fermenter.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings showing the embodiments.

1 to 3 show an embodiment of an organic waste treatment apparatus of the present invention. The organic waste treatment apparatus is, for example, manure produced in livestock production, raw garbage produced at home, or the like. , Organic waste E such as industrial waste from food processing plants E
Fermentation tank 1 into which organic waste E is introduced from one end in the longitudinal direction, and air supply for supplying air from bottom 2 of fermentation tank 1 to organic waste E. It is provided with the means 3 and the stirring means 4 for intermittently turning back the organic waste E in the fermenter 1, and is particularly effective for treating manure. The organic waste treatment device is installed inside the house 5.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, a fermenter 1 comprises a bottom portion 2 which is long in the front-rear direction, and left and right side walls which are erected along the left and right end edges of the bottom portion 2. Part 6,6
And The fermenter 1 is formed to have a length of about 90 m in the front-rear direction, a width of about 5 m on the left and right sides, and a depth of about 1.5 m. Further, one end side of the bottom portion 2 is an inlet 8 provided with the slope 7, and the other end side is an outlet 9. Further, a concave groove portion 10 is provided on one outer surface side of the left and right side wall portions 6 and 6 of the fermenter 1, and the concave groove portion 10 is covered with a heat retaining lid (not shown).

By the way, when the fermentation stage of the organic waste E is roughly divided into four stages of an initial stage, a middle stage, a final stage and an end of fermentation, the fermenter 1 has an initial fermentation region in order from the input port 8 side (one end side).
11, medium-term fermentation area 12, end-stage fermentation area 13, fermentation end area 14
It is said that. The air supply means 3 is configured so that the amount of supplied air can be adjusted in a plurality of stages in accordance with the fermentation progress process of the organic waste E in the initial fermentation region 11 to the end stage fermentation region 13 of the fermenter 1.

That is, the air supply means 3 is provided with a plurality of air ejection conduit portions 15 ... Which are arranged in each of a plurality of regions from the initial fermentation region 11 to the end stage fermentation region 13 of the fermenter 1. A plurality of air supply sources 16 ... Corresponding to each of the air ejection conduits 15 ...

As shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the air ejection pipe line portion
Reference numeral 15 denotes a plurality of air ejection pipes 17 arranged in parallel to the bottom 2 (bottom surface) of the fermenter 1 in the left-right direction and at a predetermined pitch.
And a plurality of connection pipes 18 that connect the air ejection pipes 17 and the air supply source 16 and the amount of air supplied to the air ejection pipes 17 is adjusted for each predetermined number (two in the present embodiment). Multiple open / close valves provided on the connection pipe 18 ...
It has 19 ... Each air ejection pipe 17 has a large number of air ejection holes (not shown).

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4, an air supply source 16 (for example, a blower) is installed in a recessed groove portion 10 provided along the fermentation tank 1 to supply air. The connection pipe 18a extends linearly from the source 16 along the groove 10.
, And the connection pipes 18b, which are branched from the connection pipes 18a (opening / closing valve 19), penetrate the side wall portion 6 of the fermenter 1, and the further branched connection pipes 18c are the air ejection pipes 17. It is connected to ...

Further, in the initial fermentation region 11 of the fermenter 1, ten air jet pipes 17 ... Are arranged in parallel at a predetermined pitch L ₁ , and these ten air jet pipes 17 ... It is connected in communication with the supply source 16. Further, in the medium-term fermentation region 12 of the fermenter 1, ten air jet pipes 17 ...
Are arranged in parallel at a predetermined pitch L ₂ , and the ten air ejection pipes 17 ... Are connected to one air supply source 16. Also, in the end stage fermentation area 13 of the fermenter 1, 10
The air jet pipes 17 ... Are arranged in parallel at a predetermined pitch L ₂ , and the ten air jet pipes 17 ... Are connected to one air supply source 16. At this time, the pitch L
₁ (for example, 1.0 m) is set smaller than the pitch L ₂ (for example, 1.5 m).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the stirring means 4 has a traveling frame portion 20 that travels along the upper edges of the left and right side wall portions 6 and 6 of the fermenter 1, and a traveling frame portion 20. A plurality of agitating claws that are provided so as to be swingable and a shaft 22 that is rotatably held around the horizontal holding shaft of the swing holding part 21 and that is radially attached to the shaft 22. 23, and a drum 26 for feeding and winding an electric cable 25 for supplying electric power is provided at the rear end of the traveling frame portion 20.

At the front end of the traveling frame portion 20 of the stirring means 4, a traveling frame body 27 traveling along the upper edges of the left and right side wall portions 6 and 6 of the fermenter 1 and swingable to the traveling frame body 27. A vehicle 29 having a bucket 28 attached to it is connected.

However, in the organic waste treatment method of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, a predetermined amount of the organic waste E is intermittently supplied from the inlet 8 of the fermenter 1. While being charged, the organic waste E in the fermenter 1 is intermittently turned back by the stirring means 4 from the initial fermentation region 11 side to the end stage fermentation region 13
The organic waste E is moved to the side and air is supplied from the bottom portion 2 of the fermenter 1 to the organic waste E by the air supply means 3 to compost the organic waste E.

At this time, when the organic waste E is manure E'generated by livestock production, etc., the manure E'which is newly introduced into the fermentation tank 1 is fermented with the auxiliary material or manure E '. Fermentation is promoted by adding an appropriate amount of a mixed material mainly composed of compost and secondary materials, and / or unadjusted manure on the surface of the high temperature fermented part of manure E ′ in the fermentation process in the fermenter 1. E '
Alternatively, an appropriate amount of urine may be sprinkled to increase the amount.

Specifically, for example, in the case of treating manure, 4 m ³ of manure E '(water content including liquid such as ammonia is about 80%) and 2 m ³ of auxiliary materials (sawdust, rice husks, chips, etc.) ) And 10 m ³ of compost 31 (recycled compost) are introduced into the fermenter 1 from the inlet 8 once a day (as indicated by arrow A). The auxiliary material plays a role of adjusting the water content of the newly input excrement E ′ and as a fermentation auxiliary material, and the compost 31 is mixed in to supplement the difficulty of obtaining this auxiliary material. Therefore, increase the amount of auxiliary materials to the compost 31 above the ratio,
Alternatively, it is also preferable to use the entire amount as an auxiliary material.

Incidentally, when the manure E '(organic waste E) is treated for the first time by this organic waste treatment device--
That is, when nothing is in the fermenter 1, the fermenter 1
It is preferable to put compost in at least the initial fermentation region 11 and raise the bottom so that the stirring operation by the stirring means 4 (described later) is easy.

Then, after newly introducing the manure E ',
Cut back (stir) the excrement E ′ by the stirrer 4 once a day
Do it at a rate of once. At this time, slowly stir the stirring means 4 from the outlet 9 side of the fermenter 1 to the inlet 8 side (in the direction of arrow B).
While advancing, the stirring member 24 is rotated (in the direction of arrow C) to scratch the excrement E'with the stirring claws 23 ... As a result, the manure E ′ in the process of fermentation in the end stage fermentation region 13, the middle stage fermentation region 12 and the initial fermentation region 11 is switched up and down and the outlet 9 is removed.
Move slightly to the side.

Further, during the stirring operation, the transporting means 29 also moves forward together with the stirring means 4, but the transporting means 29 reaches the high temperature fermentation portion of the excrement E '(for example, the range from the initial fermentation zone 11 to the middle fermentation zone 12). By the way, the bucket 28 was gradually tilted, and 4 m ³ of unadjusted excrement E ′ that had been put inside beforehand was used.
Alternatively, urine is sprinkled on the surface of the high temperature fermentation portion (as indicated by arrow D). At this time, by rotating the rotary blades 30 provided near the opening of the bucket 28, the manure E ′ or urine is evenly scattered on the high temperature fermentation portion.

In this way, new manure E'is charged and turned back every day, and during this period, the air supply means 3 is used for the fermentation progress process in the end stage fermentation zone 13, the middle stage fermentation zone 12 and the initial fermentation zone 11. Appropriate amount (required amount) according to the manure E '
Is supplying air. That is, in the fermenter 1, the manure E ′ that has undergone fermentation has a lower air passage resistance, and the manure E ′ immediately after being newly introduced has an extremely large air passage resistance. A proper amount of air is supplied in response to various situations, such as the amount (air pressure) required and a sufficient amount of air especially during initial fermentation.

Therefore, in the initial fermentation zone 11,
The pitch L ₁ of the air ejection pipes 17 is made small so that sufficient air is evenly supplied to the excrement E ′.
Further, in each air supply source 16 ... and each air ejection pipe line portion 15 ... corresponding to the initial, middle and end fermentation regions 11, 12, 13, each ON / OFF control of each air supply source 16 ... The opening degree of the valves 19 is adjusted to supply the necessary and not excessive amount of air to each fermentation area 11, 12, 13.

As described above, by supplying a sufficient amount of air necessary for the important initial fermentation on the side of the input port 8 and performing stirring and turning back, the activity of the fermenting bacteria in the excrement E '(aerobic fermentation) is active. As a result, the transition period from the initial fermentation to the high temperature fermentation in the fermentation process is extremely shortened. Further, in the middle-stage fermentation to the end-stage fermentation, by supplying an air amount corresponding to the fermentation process, the period until the end of fermentation can be shortened.

By the way, since the transition period from the initial fermentation to the high temperature fermentation is extremely shortened, the high temperature fermentation period is relatively long, and the fermentation temperature is 80 ° C, which is higher than the general temperature of around 70 ° C.
Rise to the vicinity. Therefore, even if an appropriate amount of new excrement E'or urine is sprinkled on the surface of the excrement E'in the high temperature fermentation state (as described above) without adjustment and the amount is increased midway, the fermentation process is abnormal. Fermentation can be performed without causing

Furthermore, the fact that it is in the high temperature fermentation state is
This means that the activity and growth of the fermenting bacteria are vigorous, and the calorific value of decomposition increases, so that the decomposition rate of manure E ′ is improved. From this, in the manure E ′ newly introduced into the fermenter 1,
Mainly compost 31 produced after fermentation is completed as a water content adjusting material, and general auxiliary materials (sawdust, rice husks, etc.) as auxiliary materials, mixed at a ratio according to the mass of manure E ′ for new input, and added every day. However, since the mass reduction rate due to the improvement of the decomposition rate was large, the compost 31 moved to the fermentation end area 14 (after the fermentation).
Even if it is not taken out from the outlet 9, it will not overflow. That is, in the fermentation treatment process in which the compost 31 after the fermentation is circulated and mixed with the newly input feces and urine E ′, almost the same mass as the newly fed manure and E ′ disappears.

As described above, according to the present invention, the fermentation can be promoted and the efficiency can be enhanced, and the unadjusted (as-is) manure E'can be composted or eliminated, but it is limited to the manure produced from humans and animal husbandry. Instead, it can be applied to the fermentation treatment of organic waste such as raw garbage and industrial waste.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in the present embodiment, the case where the fermentation region of the fermenter 1 has three stages of the initial stage, the middle stage, and the final stage is exemplified.
The number of fermentation zones may be increased or decreased according to the amount of organic waste E to be treated and the amount of organic waste E to be added at one time.
In addition, the number of the air ejection conduits 15 and the air supply sources 16 can be freely increased or decreased accordingly. Further, the number of the air ejection pipes 17 in the air ejection conduit 15 can be freely increased or decreased. Furthermore, in order to double the processing capacity, a pair of fermenters 1 and 1 are arranged in parallel, and an air supply means 3 and 3 and stirring means 4 and 4 corresponding to each fermenter 1 and 1 are provided. It may be a waste treatment device.

[0034]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

(According to claim 1) Various organic wastes E such as manure produced by humans and livestock, raw garbage from households and stores, industrial wastes from food processing plants, etc. Fermentation can be promoted from the stage, and the temperature during high-temperature fermentation rises to around 80 ° C, so the period until completion of fermentation can be shortened, and high-quality compost 31 without fermentation deficiency can be formed. Can contribute to conservation.

(According to the second aspect) The structure of the air supply means 3 is simple and the amount of air can be easily adjusted according to the progress state of fermentation of the organic waste E.

(According to claim 3) Various organic wastes E such as manure produced by humans and livestock, raw garbage from households and stores, industrial wastes from food processing plants, etc. Fermentation can be promoted from the stage, and the temperature during high-temperature fermentation rises to around 80 ° C, so the period until completion of fermentation can be shortened, and high-quality compost 31 without fermentation deficiency can be formed. Can contribute to conservation.

It is suitable for livestock production in which a large amount of manure E'is generated (according to claim 4) every day. It is possible (according to claim 5) to ferment a larger amount of manure E ′ without causing fermentation failure.

(According to claim 6) It is possible to more actively promote fermentation to form the compost 31. At this time, it is convenient if the formed compost 31 is returned to the fermenter 1 together with the newly-entered manure E ′ to supplement auxiliary materials, and if it is taken out of the fermenter 1 without returning it, a good quality compost 31 is obtained. It can be effectively used for agriculture and gardening.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional front view showing an embodiment of an organic waste treatment device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a stirring operation by a stirring means.

FIG. 3 is a simplified plan view showing the entire apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view of an essential part showing an air supply unit.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an organic waste treatment method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 fermenter 2 bottom 3 Air supply means 4 stirring means 11 Initial fermentation area 13 End-stage fermentation area 15 Air jet line 16 Air supply E Organic waste E'manure

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fermenter 1 into which organic waste E is introduced from one end in the longitudinal direction, an air supply means 3 for supplying air from the bottom 2 of the fermenter 1 to the organic waste E, and the above fermentation. The organic waste E in the tank 1 is intermittently turned over and is moved to the end fermentation zone 13 on the other end side from the initial fermentation zone 11 on the one end side, and the stirring means 4 is further provided, and the air supply means 3 is further provided. From the above-mentioned initial fermentation area 11 of the fermenter 1 to the end-stage fermentation area
13. An organic waste treatment device, wherein the amount of air supplied can be adjusted according to the progress of fermentation of the organic waste E in 13. 2. An air supply means 3 is provided with a plurality of air ejection pipe line portions 15 arranged in each of a plurality of regions from an initial fermentation region 11 to a final fermentation region 13 of the fermenter 1, A plurality of air supply sources 16 respectively corresponding to the air ejection conduits 15 ...
And a plurality of air supply sources 16 are configured to independently supply air to the air ejection conduits 15 in the respective areas. apparatus. 3. A predetermined amount of organic waste E is intermittently charged from one end of the fermenter 1 in the longitudinal direction, and the stirring means 4 is also provided.
The organic waste E in the fermenter 1 is intermittently turned back and moved from the initial fermentation region 11 side on the one end side to the end fermentation region 13 side on the other end side, and by the air supply means 3. A method for treating organic waste E, wherein air is supplied from the bottom 2 of the fermenter 1 to the organic waste E, the fermentation of the organic waste E in the initial fermentation zone 11 to the final fermentation zone 13 of the fermenter 1. An organic waste treatment method characterized by supplying an appropriate amount of air according to the progress process. 4. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 3, wherein the organic waste E is excrement E ′. 5. The method of treating organic waste according to claim 4, wherein an appropriate amount of unadjusted manure E ′ or urine is sprayed on the surface of the high-temperature fermentation portion of manure E ′ that is undergoing fermentation in the fermenter 1. 6. Manure E ′ newly introduced into the fermenter 1.
6. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 4 or 5, wherein an appropriate amount of a mixed material of the auxiliary material or the compost formed by fermenting the excrement E'and the auxiliary material is added.