JP3282491B2 - Steel for mechanical structure excellent in cold workability and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Steel for mechanical structure excellent in cold workability and method for producing the same

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Publication number
JP3282491B2
JP3282491B2 JP09533696A JP9533696A JP3282491B2 JP 3282491 B2 JP3282491 B2 JP 3282491B2 JP 09533696 A JP09533696 A JP 09533696A JP 9533696 A JP9533696 A JP 9533696A JP 3282491 B2 JP3282491 B2 JP 3282491B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
steel
graphite
less
cold
cold workability
Prior art date
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JP09533696A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH09279300A (en
Inventor
八寿男 黒川
芳彦 鎌田
和彦 西田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、冷間加工性に優れ
た機械構造用鋼材及びその製造方法に関し、詳しくは、
引き抜き、鍛造や転造などの冷間加工により各種の機械
構造用部品に成形後、熱処理をして使用する冷間加工性
に優れた機械構造用鋼材及びその製造方法に関する。更
に詳しくは、JISの機械構造用炭素鋼鋼材のうちS2
0Cの球状化焼鈍材レベルの冷間加工性を有し、且つ、
焼入れ焼戻しの所謂「調質処理」後や、表面硬化処理と
しての高周波焼入れ後には、S35CからS58Cとい
った中・高炭素鋼鋼材レベルの特性(強度、靱性や耐摩
耗性など)を有する機械構造用鋼材及びその製造方法に
関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a steel material for machine structure having excellent cold workability and a method for producing the same.
The present invention relates to a steel material for machine structure which is excellent in cold workability and is used after being formed into various machine structure parts by cold working such as drawing, forging and rolling, and then subjected to heat treatment, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, among JIS carbon steel materials for machine structural use, S2
It has a cold workability of the spheroidized annealing material level of 0C, and
After the so-called “tempering treatment” of quenching and tempering, or after induction hardening as a surface hardening treatment, it is used for machine structures having medium- and high-carbon steel materials such as S35C to S58C (strength, toughness, wear resistance, etc.). The present invention relates to a steel material and a method for manufacturing the same.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】機械構造用部品は、熱間鍛造後に機械加
工を行って成形した後、焼入れ焼戻しなどの熱処理を施
して製造されることが多かった。
2. Description of the Related Art In many cases, parts for machine structural use are manufactured by performing mechanical processing after hot forging, forming and then performing heat treatment such as quenching and tempering.

【0003】一方、冷間で鍛造や転造などを行う鋼材の
加工方法は、切削加工に比較して生産効率や材料歩留ま
りが高く、且つ寸法精度も優れている。このため、コス
ト合理化や生産性向上の観点から、近年では冷間鍛造な
どの冷間成形加工による部品製造の要求が高まってい
る。
[0003] On the other hand, a method of working a steel material which is cold forged or rolled has a higher production efficiency, a higher material yield, and a higher dimensional accuracy than cutting. For this reason, from the viewpoint of cost rationalization and productivity improvement, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for parts production by cold forming such as cold forging.

【0004】ところが、「冷間成形加工」は極めて激し
い加工方法である。このため、工具や潤滑の高性能化が
厳しく要求される。更に、被加工材の加工性に関して
も、変形抵抗が小さく変形能が大きいことが必要である
ため、冷間加工性に優れた素材鋼の開発が要求されてい
る。
However, "cold forming" is an extremely intense working method. For this reason, high performance of tools and lubrication is strictly required. Further, regarding the workability of the workpiece, it is necessary that the deformation resistance is small and the deformability is large. Therefore, the development of a material steel excellent in cold workability is required.

【0005】一般に、鋼はC(炭素)含有量が増すと変
形抵抗は増加し変形能も劣化する。したがって、従来冷
間加工の多くはC含有量の比較的低い、Cが0.25重
量%以下の鋼材に適用されてきた。なお、C含有量が
0.20重量%程度の鋼の場合にも、冷間加工性を確保
する目的で加工前に球状化焼鈍を行うことがある。
Generally, as the C (carbon) content of steel increases, the deformation resistance increases and the deformability also deteriorates. Therefore, conventionally, most of cold working has been applied to steel materials having a relatively low C content and having a C content of 0.25% by weight or less. In addition, even in the case of steel having a C content of about 0.20% by weight, spheroidizing annealing may be performed before working in order to ensure cold workability.

【0006】加工後に焼入れ、焼戻しなどの熱処理を施
して高強度を得ようとする素材鋼には、通常0.3重量
%以上のCが含有されている。この場合、冷間加工性を
確保する目的で加工前に球状化焼鈍を行う必要がある
が、それでも冷間加工性が確保される鋼材のC含有量は
高々0.53重量%程度で、それ以上のC含有量の鋼に
対しては、冷間での鍛造などによる成形加工の適用は困
難であった。
[0006] Material steel which is subjected to heat treatment such as quenching and tempering after working to obtain high strength usually contains 0.3% by weight or more of C. In this case, it is necessary to perform spheroidizing annealing before working in order to ensure cold workability, but the C content of the steel material still ensuring cold workability is at most about 0.53% by weight. It has been difficult to apply a forming process such as cold forging to steel having the above C content.

【0007】歯車など耐摩耗性が要求される部品には硬
度、特に表面硬度の高いことが必要である。そのため、
低C鋼材を素材として冷間での鍛造や転造をその成形手
段として適用した場合には、加工した後で浸炭処理し、
接触部分となる表面部のC量を高めて耐摩耗性や耐疲労
特性を向上させている。ところが、浸炭は高温で長時間
を要する熱処理であるため生産性が低い。加えて、浸炭
後の焼入れによる歪を生じ易い。
[0007] Parts requiring wear resistance, such as gears, need to have high hardness, especially high surface hardness. for that reason,
When cold forging or rolling is applied as a forming means using low-C steel as a material, carburizing is performed after processing,
The wear resistance and the fatigue resistance are improved by increasing the C content of the surface portion that is the contact portion. However, carburization is a heat treatment that requires a long time at a high temperature, and therefore has low productivity. In addition, distortion due to quenching after carburization is likely to occur.

【0008】「浸炭」と同様な耐摩耗性向上のための表
面硬化処理としては、「高周波焼入れ」や「炎焼入れ」
が知られており、短時間で効率よく処理が可能である。
しかし、部品に対して耐摩耗性だけではなく、耐疲労特
性、強度や靱性などの所望の機械的性質をともに付与す
るためには、母材(素材鋼)にある程度のCを含有させ
ることが必要である。
[0008] As surface hardening treatment for improving abrasion resistance similar to "carburizing", "induction hardening" and "flame hardening" are used.
Is known, and processing can be efficiently performed in a short time.
However, in order to impart not only wear resistance but also desired mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance, strength and toughness to the parts, it is necessary to include a certain amount of C in the base metal (base steel). is necessary.

【0009】このような状況の下、より高いC含有量で
も冷間加工性に優れている鋼として所謂「黒鉛化鋼」が
注目されている。この鋼は、同じC含有量であっても鋼
中のCを黒鉛化させておくと、球状化焼鈍を施してセメ
ンタイトを球状化させた場合よりも硬度(強度)が低下
して冷間加工性が向上するというものである。
Under these circumstances, so-called "graphitized steel" has attracted attention as a steel excellent in cold workability even with a higher C content. Even if the steel has the same C content, if the carbon in the steel is graphitized, the hardness (strength) is lower than that when cementite is spheroidized by spheroidizing annealing and cold working. The property is improved.

【0010】上記の黒鉛化鋼に関しては、例えば、特開
平7−3390号公報、特開平7−138697号公報
や特開平7−150293号公報が開示されている。
Regarding the above graphitized steel, for example, JP-A-7-3390, JP-A-7-138697 and JP-A-7-150293 are disclosed.

【0011】このうち特開平7−3390号公報には、
「被削性及び冷間鍛造性に優れた機械構造用鋼」が提案
されている。しかし、この公報に記載された鋼は、重量
%で0.5〜2.0%のSiと0.005〜0.2%の
Zrを含むものである。このため、前記の鋼を素材鋼と
して用いて黒鉛を析出させ、所望の部品形状に冷間成形
した後、部品に所望の特性を付与するために焼入れ、焼
戻しの熱処理(所謂「調質処理」)を施しても、靱性の
面では必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。
Among them, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-3390 discloses that
“Steel for machine structural use excellent in machinability and cold forgeability” has been proposed. However, the steel described in this publication contains 0.5 to 2.0% by weight of Si and 0.005 to 0.2% of Zr. For this reason, graphite is precipitated using the above-mentioned steel as a raw material steel, cold-formed into a desired part shape, and then quenched and tempered in order to impart desired properties to the part (so-called “heat treatment”). ) Was not always satisfactory in terms of toughness.

【0012】特開平7−150293号公報で提案され
た「黒鉛複合快削鋼」にも、重量%で0.5〜2.0%
のSiが含有されている。このため、やはり前記の鋼を
素材鋼として用いて黒鉛を析出させ、所望の部品形状に
冷間成形した後、部品に所望の特性を付与するために調
質処理を施しても、靱性の面では必ずしも満足できるも
のではなかった。
[0012] "Graphite composite free-cutting steel" proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-150293 also contains 0.5 to 2.0% by weight.
Of Si is contained. Therefore, graphite is precipitated using the above-mentioned steel as a raw material steel, cold-formed into a desired part shape, and then subjected to a tempering treatment to impart desired properties to the part. Then it was not always satisfactory.

【0013】特開平7−138697号公報には、「疲
労強度、冷間加工性の優れた亜共析黒鉛析出鋼」が提案
されているが、この鋼には、黒鉛化のための焼鈍を行う
前に焼入れ処理を行うことが必要である。しかし、0.
35〜0.65重量%ものCを含む鋼に通常の焼入れを
施すと、焼割れを生ずる場合がある。
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 7-138697 proposes "hypoeutectoid graphite-precipitated steel having excellent fatigue strength and cold workability". This steel is subjected to annealing for graphitization. It is necessary to perform a quenching process before performing. However, 0.
When normal quenching is performed on steel containing as much as 35 to 0.65% by weight of C, quenching cracking may occur.

【0014】更に、当該鋼中のCはそのほぼ全量が黒鉛
化し、C含有量にほぼ等しい量の黒鉛が析出している。
このため、所望の部品形状に冷間成形した後、部品に所
望の特性を付与するために調質処理や、高周波焼入れを
行うに際し、オーステナイト中への黒鉛の固溶を充分に
行わせるには、長時間加熱が必要になる。
Further, almost all of C in the steel is graphitized, and graphite in an amount substantially equal to the C content is precipitated.
For this reason, after cold forming into a desired component shape, when performing tempering treatment or induction hardening to impart desired characteristics to the component, it is necessary to sufficiently perform solid solution of graphite in austenite. , Heating is required for a long time.

【0015】すなわち、セメンタイトを黒鉛化すること
により、C含有量の高い鋼の冷間加工性は確かに向上す
る。しかし、冷間で所望の形状に成形加工した後に焼入
れし、所要の焼入れ硬度を得るには、オーステナイト領
域に加熱した際、オーステナイト中にCを充分再固溶さ
せねばならない。鋼中にCがFeとの化合物であるセメ
ンタイトの形で存在する従来の場合には、Cは容易に再
固溶する。これに対し、含有Cのほぼ全量が黒鉛にまで
なっていると、再固溶させるには長時間の加熱が必要で
ありコストが嵩む。逆に、焼入れのための加熱が高周波
焼入れのような短時間の加熱では、充分な焼入れ硬度が
得られず、部品には所望の特性が付与できない。
That is, by graphitizing cementite, the cold workability of steel having a high C content is certainly improved. However, in order to obtain the required quenching hardness after cold forming into a desired shape and then quenching, C must be sufficiently solid-dissolved in austenite when heated to the austenite region. In the conventional case where C exists in the form of cementite, which is a compound with Fe, in steel, C easily re-dissolves. On the other hand, if almost all of the contained C is converted to graphite, a long-time heating is required for re-solid solution, which increases the cost. Conversely, if the heating for quenching is heating for a short time such as induction hardening, sufficient quenching hardness cannot be obtained, and desired characteristics cannot be imparted to the component.

【0016】又、前記した鋼の冷間鍛造における限界の
圧縮率は、その実施例における記載からも明らかなよう
に高々66%であり、これを超えるような高い圧縮率が
必要とされる部品、例えばフランジ付きの部品などに対
しては、これを素材鋼として用いるには難がある。
Further, as is apparent from the description of the embodiment, the critical compression ratio in the cold forging of the steel is at most 66%, and parts requiring a high compression ratio exceeding this are required. For example, it is difficult to use this as a material steel for a part with a flange or the like.

【0017】[0017]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来、低炭素鋼鋼材に
多用されてきた冷間鍛造などの加工法が、主として切削
加工法で成形されている中・高炭素鋼鋼材に適用できれ
ば、大幅な歩留まり向上が可能である。あるいは又、低
炭素鋼鋼材を冷間加工した後に表面硬化のため浸炭する
製造方法を、中・高炭素鋼鋼材を冷間加工して高周波焼
入れ又はバッチ炉焼入れする方法に替えるという合理化
も考えられる。例えば、自動車の歯車のような部品は、
通常歯切り加工した後で浸炭されるが、同じ性能の製品
を得るのに、成形加工を切削から冷間鍛造に改め、表面
硬化処理を浸炭焼入れから高周波焼入れ、又はバッチ炉
焼入れに切り替えることができる。
If processing methods such as cold forging, which have been frequently used for low-carbon steel materials, can be applied to medium- and high-carbon steel materials formed mainly by cutting methods, a great deal of work will be required. The yield can be improved. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to rationalize the manufacturing method of cold-working low-carbon steel materials and then carburizing for surface hardening to a method of cold-working medium- and high-carbon steel materials and induction hardening or batch furnace quenching. . For example, parts like the gears of a car
Usually, carburizing is performed after gear cutting, but in order to obtain a product with the same performance, the forming process can be changed from cutting to cold forging, and the surface hardening process can be switched from carburizing quenching to induction hardening or batch furnace quenching. it can.

【0018】本発明の課題は、冷間鍛造や転造などの冷
間加工性に優れるとともに、熱処理性、なかでも高周波
焼入れのような短時間加熱の場合の熱処理性も良好な機
械構造用鋼材とその製造方法を提供することにある。よ
り具体的な本発明の課題は、成形加工時の冷間加工性は
球状化焼鈍したS20Cクラスの低炭素鋼鋼材と同等で
あって、調質処理後や、表面硬化処理としての高周波焼
入れ後には、S35CからS58Cといった中・高炭素
鋼鋼材レベルの特性(強度、靱性や耐摩耗性など)を有
する機械構造用鋼材及びその製造方法を提供することに
ある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a steel material for a machine structure which is excellent in cold workability such as cold forging and rolling and has good heat treatment properties, particularly heat treatment properties in short-time heating such as induction hardening. And a method of manufacturing the same. A more specific object of the present invention is that the cold workability at the time of forming is equivalent to that of a spheroidized annealed S20C class low carbon steel material, and after tempering treatment or after induction hardening as surface hardening treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide a steel material for a machine structure having properties (such as strength, toughness, and wear resistance) of a medium / high carbon steel material such as S35C to S58C, and a method of manufacturing the same.

【0019】[0019]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記の課
題を解決するために、中・高炭素鋼鋼材でも充分な冷間
加工性が得られる可能性がある鋼中Cの黒鉛化に関して
種々の検討を行った。その結果下記の知見を得た。
Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have proposed graphitization of C in steel, which may provide sufficient cold workability even with medium and high carbon steel materials. Various investigations were made on. As a result, the following findings were obtained.

【0020】黒鉛化の進行に伴って硬度は低下して行
く。しかし、黒鉛化が過度に進行すると変形能が劣化し
てくる。
The hardness decreases with the progress of graphitization. However, when graphitization proceeds excessively, the deformability deteriorates.

【0021】析出した黒鉛粒子が大きすぎると、変形
時の割れ発生の起点となる。
If the precipitated graphite particles are too large, they become a starting point of crack generation during deformation.

【0022】析出した黒鉛粒子を起点とした割れを生
じさせないためには、黒鉛粒子の最大直径を20μm以
下に抑えて、これを微細に分布させる必要がある。ここ
で、各々の黒鉛粒子における最も長い長軸の長さを、そ
の黒鉛の「最大直径」と定義する。
In order not to cause cracks starting from the precipitated graphite particles, it is necessary to keep the maximum diameter of the graphite particles at 20 μm or less and to distribute them finely. Here, the length of the longest major axis of each graphite particle is defined as the “maximum diameter” of the graphite.

【0023】中・高炭素鋼の冷間加工性を高め、更
に、調質処理のための焼入れ及び高周波焼入れのような
短時間加熱焼入れにおける熱処理性を高めるには、鋼中
のCを部分的に黒鉛化すれば良い。すなわち、最大直径
が20μm以下の黒鉛を粒界及び/又は粒内に均一且つ
微細に分散させて、組織をフェライト、セメンタイト及
び黒鉛からなるものとすれば良い。
In order to enhance the cold workability of medium- and high-carbon steels and to enhance the heat treatment properties in short-time heat quenching such as quenching for tempering and induction hardening, C in the steel is partially removed. What is necessary is just to graphitize. That is, graphite having a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less may be uniformly and finely dispersed in grain boundaries and / or grains, and the structure may be made of ferrite, cementite, and graphite.

【0024】黒鉛の析出は、フェライト粒界を核とし
て生ずる。そして、フェライト結晶粒を適正なサイズに
制御すれば、析出する黒鉛粒子を微細に分散させること
ができ、又、鋼の変形抵抗を抑えることができる。
The precipitation of graphite occurs with ferrite grain boundaries as nuclei. When the ferrite crystal grains are controlled to an appropriate size, the precipitated graphite particles can be finely dispersed, and the deformation resistance of the steel can be suppressed.

【0025】熱間加工後に適正な減面率の冷間加工を
行えば、層状セメンタイトの分断と黒鉛の析出核となる
歪転位の導入がなされるため、その後の焼鈍処理で黒鉛
が均一微細に、且つ迅速に析出する。
If cold working with an appropriate reduction in area is performed after hot working, the lamellar cementite is cut off and strain dislocations serving as precipitation nuclei of graphite are introduced. , And quickly precipitate.

【0026】Siは黒鉛化を促進する元素として知ら
れているが、黒鉛の析出核となる窒化物や酸化物が少な
い場合には、多量のSi含有は析出する黒鉛が粗大なも
のとなってしまう。このため、Si含有量を厳しく調整
する必要がある。
Si is known as an element that promotes graphitization. However, when there are few nitrides or oxides serving as graphite precipitation nuclei, a large amount of Si causes the precipitated graphite to become coarse. I will. For this reason, it is necessary to strictly adjust the Si content.

【0027】鋼材の硬度をHv120以下に制御すれ
ば、冷間加工性が著しく向上して金型寿命を飛躍的に改
善できる。
If the hardness of the steel material is controlled to Hv 120 or less, the cold workability is remarkably improved, and the life of the mold can be remarkably improved.

【0028】上記知見に基づく本発明は、下記(1)
(3)の冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材及び(
の冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材の製造方法を要旨
とする。
The present invention based on the above findings provides the following (1) to
(3) a steel material for machine structural use excellent in cold workability and ( 4 )
The gist is a method for producing a steel material for machine structural use having excellent cold workability.

【0029】(1)重量%で、C:0.3〜0.8%、
Si:0.15%を超えて0.30%未満、Mn:0.
05〜0.6%、Al:0.005〜0.10%、P
0.005〜0.03%、S:0.003〜0.03
%、及びNb:0.003〜0.05を含有し、残部は
Fe及び不可避不純物からなる化学組成であって、組織
が、結晶粒度でJIS粒度番号5〜10のフェライト、
最大直径が20μm以下の黒鉛、及びセメンタイトから
なり、硬度がHv120以下であることを特徴とする冷
間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材。
(1) C: 0.3-0.8% by weight%
Si: more than 0.15% and less than 0.30%;
05 to 0.6%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, P :
0.005 to 0.03 %, S: 0.003 to 0.03
% And Nb: 0.003 to 0.05, the balance being a chemical composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
A steel material for machine structure excellent in cold workability, comprising graphite having a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less and cementite, and having a hardness of Hv 120 or less.

【0030】(2)重量%で、C:0.3〜0.8%、
Si:0.15%を超えて0.30%未満、Mn:0.
05〜0.6%、Al:0.005〜0.10%、P:
0.005〜0.03%、S:0.003〜0.03
%、並びにCr:0.01〜0.2%及びMo:0.0
1〜0.3%の1種以上を含有し、残部はFe及び不可
避不純物からなる化学組成であって、組織が、結晶粒度
でJIS粒度番号5〜10のフェライト、最大直径が2
0μm以下の黒鉛、及びセメンタイトからなり、 硬度が
Hv120以下であることを特徴とする冷間加工性に優
れた機械構造用鋼材。
(2) By weight%, C: 0.3-0.8%,
Si: more than 0.15% and less than 0.30%;
05 to 0.6%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, P:
0.005 to 0.03%, S: 0.003 to 0.03
%, Cr: 0.01 to 0.2%, and Mo: 0.0
1 to 0.3% or more, with the balance being Fe and
Chemical composition consisting of impurities
Ferrite with JIS particle size number 5-10, maximum diameter 2
It is made of graphite of 0 μm or less and cementite, and has a hardness of
Excellent cold workability characterized by Hv 120 or less
Machine structural steel.

【0031】(3)重量%で、C:0.3〜0.8%、
Si:0.15%を超えて0.30%未満、Mn:0.
05〜0.6%、Al:0.005〜0.10%、P:
0.005〜0.03%、S:0.003〜0.03
%、及びNb:0.003〜0.05%、並びにCr:
0.01〜0.2%及びMo:0.01〜0.3%の1
種以上を含有し、残部はFe及び不可避不純物からなる
化学組成であって、組織が、結晶粒度でJIS粒度番号
5〜10のフェライト、最大直径が20μm以下の黒
鉛、及びセメンタイトからなり、硬度がHv120以下
であることを特徴とする冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用
鋼材。
(3) C: 0.3-0.8% by weight,
Si: more than 0.15% and less than 0.30%;
05 to 0.6%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, P:
0.005 to 0.03%, S: 0.003 to 0.03
%, And Nb: 0.003 to 0.05%, and Cr:
0.01 to 0.2% and Mo: 0.01 to 0.3% 1
Contains Fe and more, and the balance consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities
Chemical composition, the structure of which is JIS particle size number in crystal grain size
5-10 ferrites, black with a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less
Consists of lead and cementite, and has a hardness of Hv120 or less
For machine structure with excellent cold workability
Steel.

【0032】(4)上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記
載の化学組成を有する鋼を、熱間加工した後、減面率で
5〜50%の冷間加工を行い、次いで、650〜720
℃の温度域で5〜20時間の焼鈍を行って、結晶粒度で
JIS粒度番号5〜10のフェライト、最大直径が20
μm以下の黒鉛、及びセメンタイトからなる組織となす
とともに、硬度をHv120以下となすことを特徴とす
る冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材の製造方法。
(4) Any one of the above (1) to (3)
After hot-working steel with the above chemical composition,
5 to 50% cold working, then 650 to 720
Perform annealing for 5 to 20 hours in the temperature range of
Ferrite with JIS particle size number 5-10, maximum diameter 20
Microstructure of graphite and cementite below μm
Together with a hardness of Hv120 or less.
Method for manufacturing steel materials for machine structures with excellent cold workability.

【0033】[0033]

【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明の各要件について
詳しく説明する。なお、成分含有量の「%」は「重量
%」を意味する。 (A)鋼材の化学組成 C: Cは、鋼の焼入れ性の向上及び調質処理後や高周波焼入
れ後の強度や硬度の向上に有効な元素である。しかし、
Cの含有量が0.3%未満では焼入れ後に低温で焼戻し
を行っても所望の特性(S35CからS58Cレベルの
強度や靱性など)が得られない。一方、0.8%を超え
ると靱性の劣化や焼き割れの発生を招くとともに、焼鈍
処理で最大直径が20μmを超える黒鉛が析出して、冷
間加工時にその黒鉛を起点とした割れを生じる場合があ
る。したがって、C含有量を0.3〜0.8%とした。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Each requirement of the present invention will be described below in detail. In addition, “%” of the component content means “% by weight”. (A) Chemical composition of steel C: C is an element effective for improving the hardenability of steel and for improving the strength and hardness after tempering and induction hardening. But,
If the C content is less than 0.3%, desired characteristics (such as strength and toughness at S35C to S58C levels) cannot be obtained even if tempering is performed at a low temperature after quenching. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.8%, deterioration of toughness and the occurrence of quenching cracks are caused, and graphite having a maximum diameter of more than 20 μm precipitates during annealing, and cracks originating from the graphite occur during cold working. There is. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.3 to 0.8%.

【0034】Si: Siは、脱酸及び黒鉛化を促進するのに有効な元素であ
る。しかし、その含有量が0.15%以下では添加効果
に乏しい。一方、黒鉛の析出核となる窒化物や酸化物が
少ない鋼においては、Siを0.30%以上含有させる
と、析出する黒鉛が粗大なものとなり、これを起点とし
て割れが生じて冷間加工性が大きく劣化してしまう。し
たがって、Siの含有量を0.15%を超えて0.30
%未満とした。
Si: Si is an element effective for promoting deoxidation and graphitization. However, when the content is 0.15% or less, the effect of addition is poor. On the other hand, in steels containing a small amount of nitrides and oxides that serve as graphite precipitation nuclei, if Si is contained in an amount of 0.30% or more, the precipitated graphite becomes coarse, and cracks occur from this as a starting point, resulting in cold working. Properties are greatly degraded. Therefore, the content of Si exceeds 0.15% to 0.30%.
%.

【0035】Mn: Mnは、焼入れ性と強度の向上に有効な元素である。し
かし、その含有量が0.05%未満では、上記の作用が
期待できない。一方、0.6%を超えると黒鉛化を阻害
する。したがって、Mnの含有量を0.05〜0.6%
とした。
Mn: Mn is an element effective for improving hardenability and strength. However, if the content is less than 0.05%, the above effects cannot be expected. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.6%, graphitization is inhibited. Therefore, the content of Mn is set to 0.05 to 0.6%.
And

【0036】Al: Alは、黒鉛化を促進する作用を有する。更に、Alは
脱酸の安定化に有効な元素である。しかし、その含有量
が0.005%未満では添加効果に乏しい。一方、0.
10%を超えると前記効果が飽和するばかりか、靱性の
低下をもたらす。したがって、Al含有量を0.005
〜0.10%とした
Al: Al has an effect of promoting graphitization. Further, Al is an element effective for stabilizing deoxidation. However, if the content is less than 0.005%, the effect of addition is poor. On the other hand, 0.
If it exceeds 10%, not only the above effect is saturated, but also the toughness is reduced. Therefore, the Al content is 0.005.
0.10.10% .

【0037】: Pは粒界に偏析して冷間加工性の著しい劣化をきたすと
ともに、C元素の移動を抑制して黒鉛の析出を阻害して
しまう。特に、その含有量が0.03%を超えると、冷
間加工性の大きな劣化と黒鉛析出の著しい遅延を招く。
したがって、P含有量の上限を0.03%とした。な
お、P含有量の上限は0.025%とすることが好まし
い。一方、P含有量の極端な低減には製鋼コストが嵩む
ので、素材鋼のコストが高くなってしまう。したがっ
て、P含有量の下限は0.005%とる。
P : P segregates at the grain boundaries and causes remarkable deterioration of cold workability, and at the same time, suppresses the movement of the C element to inhibit the precipitation of graphite. In particular, when the content exceeds 0.03%, a large deterioration of cold workability and a remarkable delay of graphite deposition are caused.
Therefore, the upper limit of the P content is set to 0.03%. The upper limit of the P content is preferably set to 0.025%. On the other hand, if the P content is extremely reduced, the steelmaking cost increases, so that the cost of the raw steel increases. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content is you 0.005%.

【0038】S: SはPと同じように黒鉛化を阻害する。更に、靱性を劣
化させるとともに、介在物を形成して冷間加工性の劣化
をもたらす。特に、その含有量が0.03%を超える
と、黒鉛析出の著しい遅延及び靱性と冷間加工性の大き
な劣化を招く。したがって、S含有量の上限を0.03
%とした。なお、S含有量の上限は0.025%とする
ことが好ましい。一方、S含有量の極端な低減には製鋼
コストが嵩むので、素材鋼のコストが高くなってしま
う。したがって、S含有量の下限は0.003%と
る。
S: S, like P, inhibits graphitization. Further, while deteriorating toughness, inclusions are formed to cause deterioration in cold workability. In particular, if the content exceeds 0.03%, the precipitation of graphite is significantly delayed, and the toughness and the cold workability are significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the upper limit of the S content is set to 0.03.
%. The upper limit of the S content is preferably set to 0.025%. On the other hand, if the S content is extremely reduced, the steelmaking cost increases, so that the cost of the raw steel increases. Therefore, the lower limit of the S content is set to 0.003 % .
You.

【0039】Nb: Nbは、添加すれば微細な炭化物を形成し、冷間加工後
の高周波焼入れあるいはバッチ炉焼入れのための加熱時
のオーステナイト粒の成長を抑制するので、焼入れ歪の
低減と靱性確保に有効な元素である。この効果を得るた
めには、Nbは0.003%以上の含有量を必要とす
る。しかし、その含有量が0.05%を超えると、オー
ステナイト粒成長抑制の効果が飽和してコストが嵩むば
かりか、析出強化により冷間加工性の大きな低下を招
く。したがって、Nbを含有させる場合の含有量を0.
003〜0.05%とした。
Nb: Nb forms fine carbides when added, and after cold working
Heating for induction hardening or batch furnace hardening
Suppresses the growth of austenite grains in
It is an element effective for reduction and securing toughness. To get this effect
For this purpose, Nb needs a content of 0.003% or more.
You. However, if the content exceeds 0.05%,
If the effect of suppressing the growth of stainite grains saturates and costs increase
Karika causes significant reduction in cold workability due to precipitation strengthening
Good. Therefore, the content when Nb is contained is set to 0.1.
003 to 0.05%.

【0040】Cr、Mo: CrとMoはいずれも添加すれば鋼の焼入れ性と強度を
高める作用がある。この効果を得るためには、これらの
元素を1種以上含有させるのがよく、その場合の含有量
はいずれの元素も0.01%以上とする必要がある。し
かし、CrとMoの含有量がそれぞれ、0.2%と0.
3%を超えると、炭化物を安定化して黒鉛の析出を極め
て遅くしてしまう。したがって、CrとMoの1種以上
を含有させる場合の含有量をCr:0.01〜0.2
%、Mo:0.01〜0.3%とした。 (B)鋼材の組織と硬度 後の実施例でも詳しく述べるが、鋼材が所定の化学組成
を有し、その組織が結晶粒度でJIS粒度番号5〜10
のフェライト、最大直径が20μm以下の黒鉛、及びセ
メンタイトからなり、硬度がHv120以下である場合
に、鋼材は中・高炭素鋼鋼材であっても優れた冷間加工
性を発現できる。更に、調質処理のための焼入れ及び高
周波焼入れのような短時間加熱焼入れにおける熱処理性
も良好となる。
Cr, Mo: When both Cr and Mo are added, the hardenability and strength of the steel are improved.
Has the effect of increasing. To get this effect,
It is recommended that one or more elements be contained, in which case the content
Must be 0.01% or more for each element. I
However, the contents of Cr and Mo are 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively.
If it exceeds 3%, it stabilizes carbides and extremely precipitates graphite.
And slow down. Therefore, one or more of Cr and Mo
When Cr is contained: Cr: 0.01 to 0.2
%, Mo: 0.01 to 0.3%. (B) Structure and Hardness of Steel Material As will be described in detail in Examples below, the steel material has a predetermined chemical composition, and the structure has a crystal grain size and a JIS grain size number of 5 to 10.
When the steel material is made of ferrite, graphite having a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less, and cementite, and has a hardness of Hv 120 or less, excellent cold workability can be exhibited even if the steel material is a medium or high carbon steel material. Further, the heat treatment property in short-time heat quenching such as quenching for heat treatment and induction quenching is also improved.

【0041】上記の場合には、中・高炭素鋼鋼材であっ
ても、常温(室温)での両端拘束据え込み試験における
限界据え込み率(限界圧縮率)が85%以上で、且つ、
前記据え込み試験での据え込み率(圧縮率)50%にお
ける変形抵抗が600MPa以下という、S20Cクラ
スの低炭素鋼鋼材と同等の冷間加工性(変形能と変形抵
抗)を示すようになる。すなわち、組織に関しては、フ
ェライトが結晶粒度でJIS粒度番号10番を超えると
鋼材の変形抵抗が極めて大きくなり、又JIS粒度番号
で5番を下回ると黒鉛析出のための「核」が少なくなっ
て、析出する黒鉛のサイズが大きくなるために冷間加工
性の著しい劣化をきたす。
In the above case, even in the case of medium- and high-carbon steel materials, the critical upsetting rate (critical compressibility) in the double-ended restraint upsetting test at room temperature (room temperature) is 85% or more, and
Cold workability (deformability and deformation resistance) equivalent to that of a low carbon steel material of the S20C class, which has a deformation resistance at an upsetting ratio (compression ratio) of 50% in the upsetting test of 600 MPa or less, is obtained. That is, regarding the structure, when the ferrite has a crystal grain size exceeding JIS grain size number 10, the deformation resistance of the steel material becomes extremely large, and when the ferrite grain size is less than JIS grain size number 5, the "nucleus" for graphite precipitation decreases. In addition, the size of graphite to be deposited becomes large, so that the cold workability is significantly deteriorated.

【0042】黒鉛に関しては、最大直径で20μmを超
えるものが存在すれば、鋼材の限界据え込み率が小さく
なって変形能が低下してしまう。この黒鉛の最大直径の
下限は特に定める必要はない。なお、倍率500倍の光
学顕微鏡による観察でセメンタイトと容易に識別できる
黒鉛は、最大直径が0.5μm以上のものである。
With respect to graphite, if there is a graphite having a maximum diameter exceeding 20 μm, the critical upsetting ratio of the steel material is reduced, and the deformability is reduced. The lower limit of the maximum diameter of the graphite need not be particularly defined. Note that graphite that can be easily distinguished from cementite by observation with an optical microscope at a magnification of 500 times has a maximum diameter of 0.5 μm or more.

【0043】鋼材の組織がセメンタイトを含まないもの
になるほどの長時間の焼鈍を行うと、黒鉛が粗大化して
最大直径で20μmを超えるものが存在するようにな
る。このため、鋼材の限界据え込み率が小さくなって変
形能が低下してしまう。更に、こうした長時間の焼鈍は
エネルギーのロスにもなるし、生産効率を低くしてしま
う。したがって、鋼材の組織中にはセメンタイトが含ま
れている必要がある。換言すれば、鋼中のCは部分的に
黒鉛化させる必要がある。
When annealing is performed for a long time so that the structure of the steel material does not contain cementite, graphite becomes coarse and some of them have a maximum diameter exceeding 20 μm. For this reason, the critical upsetting ratio of the steel material is reduced, and the deformability is reduced. Further, such long-time annealing results in energy loss and lowers production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary that the structure of the steel material contains cementite. In other words, C in steel needs to be partially graphitized.

【0044】上記の鋼中Cの部分的な黒鉛化とは、ミク
ロ組織中のセメンタイトと黒鉛が占める面積の和を10
0%(以下、セメンタイト(%)+黒鉛(%)=100
%と記載する)とした時、黒鉛の占める面積の割合が5
〜90%となることをいう。黒鉛の占める面積の割合が
5%未満の場合には、黒鉛化が充分でないために鋼材の
変形抵抗が高くなり、冷間加工性は低い。一方、黒鉛の
占める面積の割合が90%を超える場合には、鋼材の限
界据え込み率が小さくなって変形能が低下してしまう。
更に、高周波焼入れのような短時間加熱では、所要量の
固溶Cが確保できないため、充分な焼入れ硬度が得られ
ない。
The above-mentioned partial graphitization of C in steel means that the sum of the area occupied by cementite and graphite in the microstructure is 10%.
0% (hereinafter, cementite (%) + graphite (%) = 100
%), The ratio of the area occupied by graphite is 5
9090%. If the proportion of the area occupied by graphite is less than 5%, the graphitization is not sufficient, so that the deformation resistance of the steel material increases and the cold workability is low. On the other hand, when the ratio of the area occupied by graphite exceeds 90%, the critical upsetting ratio of the steel material becomes small, and the deformability decreases.
Further, in short-time heating such as induction hardening, a sufficient amount of solid solution C cannot be secured, so that sufficient quenching hardness cannot be obtained.

【0045】ところで、ミクロ組織中の、セメンタイト
(%)+黒鉛(%)=100%とした時の黒鉛の占める
面積の割合は、例えば、倍率500倍の光学顕微鏡での
ランダムな10視野観察を行い、黒鉛とセメンタイトの
識別ができる最大直径0.5μm以上のものについて画
像解析して求めれば良い。なお、セメンタイトの存在形
態は特に規定されるものではない。
Incidentally, the ratio of the area occupied by graphite when the cementite (%) + graphite (%) = 100% in the microstructure can be determined by, for example, observing 10 random fields using an optical microscope with a magnification of 500 times. What is necessary is just to obtain | require by performing image analysis about the thing of 0.5 micrometers or more of maximum diameter which can distinguish graphite and cementite. In addition, the existence form of cementite is not particularly limited.

【0046】黒鉛化処理後の硬度がHvで120を超え
ると、冷間加工性の劣化が大きくなる。そのため金型の
寿命が大きく低下してしまい、冷間成形加工法によって
も製造コストが嵩んでしまう。したがって、硬度をHv
で120以下とした。なお、硬度の下限値については特
に制限する必要はない。
When the hardness after graphitization exceeds 120 in Hv, the cold workability is greatly deteriorated. Therefore, the life of the mold is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost is increased even by the cold forming method. Therefore, the hardness is Hv
To 120 or less. The lower limit of the hardness does not need to be particularly limited.

【0047】上記した理由から本発明においては、鋼材
の組織と硬度を前記のように規定する。 (C)冷間加工 冷間加工は、熱間で加工された鋼材の組織を焼鈍処理に
よって所望のものとするために行う。
For the reasons described above, in the present invention, the structure and hardness of the steel material are defined as described above. (C) Cold working Cold working is performed in order to make the structure of the steel material worked hot by annealing treatment into a desired structure.

【0048】黒鉛化のための焼鈍の前に行う冷間加工の
減面率が5%未満の場合には、加工による層状セメンタ
イトの分断及び黒鉛の析出核となる歪転位の導入が充分
になされない。このため、黒鉛化促進、黒鉛粒子及び結
晶粒の微細化を生じ難い。一方、減面率で50%を超え
る冷間加工を行っても、黒鉛粒子及び結晶粒の微細化の
効果が飽和することに加えて、加工のためにパワーの大
きな設備が必要になって設備費が嵩んでしまう。したが
って、熱間加工後に行う冷間加工の減面率を5〜50%
と規定した。
When the reduction in area of the cold working performed before the annealing for graphitization is less than 5%, the laminar cementite is cut off by the working and the strain dislocations serving as graphite nuclei are sufficiently introduced. Not done. Therefore, it is difficult to promote the graphitization and to make the graphite particles and crystal grains fine. On the other hand, even if cold working is performed with a reduction in area of more than 50%, the effect of refining graphite particles and crystal grains is saturated, and large power equipment is required for processing. The cost increases. Therefore, the area reduction rate of cold working performed after hot working is 5 to 50%.
It was specified.

【0049】なお、熱間加工は圧延や鍛造など通常の方
法で行えば良く、この熱間加工後に行う冷間加工も、冷
間引き抜きなど通常の方法で行えば良い。 (D)焼鈍 焼鈍は、前記(A)に記載の化学組成を有する鋼材を所
望の組織となすための必須の処理である。すなわち、上
記(C)の冷間加工後に、650〜720℃の温度域で
5〜20時間の焼鈍を行うことで始めて、鋼材組織を結
晶粒度でJIS粒度番号5〜10のフェライト、最大直
径が20μm以下の黒鉛、及びセメンタイトからなる所
望の組織、それもセメンタイト(%)+黒鉛(%)=1
00%とした時、黒鉛の占める面積割合が5〜90%の
組織にすることができる。
The hot working may be performed by a normal method such as rolling or forging, and the cold working performed after the hot working may be performed by a normal method such as cold drawing. (D) Annealing Annealing is an indispensable treatment for forming the steel having the chemical composition described in (A) into a desired structure. That is, after the cold working of the above (C), annealing is performed for 5 to 20 hours in a temperature range of 650 to 720 ° C., and the steel material structure is ferrite having a grain size of JIS grain size number 5 to 10 and a maximum diameter of JIS. Desired structure composed of graphite of 20 μm or less and cementite, which is also cementite (%) + graphite (%) = 1
When it is set to 00%, a structure in which the area ratio of graphite is 5 to 90% can be obtained.

【0050】焼鈍温度が650℃未満の場合には、黒鉛
が容易に析出せず黒鉛化の処理時間が極めて長時間に及
んでしまい、コストが嵩む。一方、焼鈍温度が720℃
を超えると、黒鉛析出よりもオーステナイトへの逆変態
が先行してしまい、所望の組織が得られない。したがっ
て、黒鉛化のための焼鈍は650〜720℃の温度域で
行う必要がある。
When the annealing temperature is lower than 650 ° C., graphite is not easily precipitated, and the graphitization treatment time is extremely long, resulting in an increase in cost. On the other hand, the annealing temperature is 720 ° C
If the ratio exceeds 1, reverse transformation to austenite precedes graphite precipitation, and a desired structure cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to perform annealing for graphitization in a temperature range of 650 to 720 ° C.

【0051】上記の温度域であっても、焼鈍時間が5時
間未満であると、黒鉛化が充分でないために冷間加工性
が劣る。一方、焼鈍時間が20時間を超えると、黒鉛が
粗大化して最大直径で20μmを超えるものが存在する
ようになったり、前記のセメンタイト(%)+黒鉛
(%)=100%とした時の黒鉛の占める面積割合が9
0%を超えるために、鋼材の限界据え込み率が小さくな
って変形能が低下してしまう。又、エネルギーのロスに
もなる。加えて、黒鉛の占める面積割合が90%を超え
る場合には、高周波焼入れのような短時間加熱では、所
要量の固溶Cが確保できないため、充分な焼入れ硬度が
得られないことにもなる。このため、前記の温度域にお
ける焼鈍時間を5〜20時間と規定した。なお、焼鈍時
間の上限は経済性の面から10時間程度とすることが好
ましい。
[0051] Even in the above temperature range, if the annealing time is less than 5 hours, the graphitization is not sufficient and the cold workability is poor. On the other hand, if the annealing time exceeds 20 hours, the graphite becomes coarse and the maximum diameter exceeds 20 μm, or the graphite when the above-mentioned cementite (%) + graphite (%) = 100% is set. Is 9
Since it exceeds 0%, the critical upsetting ratio of the steel material is reduced, and the deformability is reduced. It also results in energy loss. In addition, if the area ratio of graphite exceeds 90%, a sufficient amount of solid solution C cannot be secured by short-time heating such as induction hardening, so that sufficient quench hardness cannot be obtained. . For this reason, the annealing time in the above temperature range is specified as 5 to 20 hours. The upper limit of the annealing time is preferably about 10 hours from the viewpoint of economy.

【0052】これまでに述べた製造条件によって、本発
明の「冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材」が得られ
る。この鋼材は、次に述べる冷間加工および熱処理が施
されて、機械部品などの最終製品となる。 (E)冷間加工 焼鈍によって所望の組織を付与された鋼材は、冷間鍛造
などの冷間加工を受けて所定の機械構造用部品に成形さ
れる。この冷間での成形方法は特に規定されるものでは
なく、通常の方法で行えば良い。 (G)熱処理 調質処理(焼入れ焼戻し)や高周波焼入れなどの熱処理
は、冷間成形された機械構造用部品に対して、製品とし
て必要な特性を付与するための必要不可欠な処理であ
る。しかし、この処理方法は特に規定されるものではな
く、通常の方法で行えば良い。
Under the manufacturing conditions described above, the "steel material for machine structure excellent in cold workability" of the present invention can be obtained. This steel material is subjected to cold working and heat treatment described below, and becomes a final product such as a machine component. (E) Cold working A steel material given a desired structure by annealing is subjected to cold working such as cold forging and formed into a predetermined machine structural component. The cold forming method is not particularly limited, and may be performed by an ordinary method. (G) Heat Treatment Heat treatment such as tempering treatment (quenching and tempering) and induction hardening is an indispensable treatment for imparting necessary properties to a cold-formed machine structural component as a product. However, this processing method is not particularly defined, and may be performed by a normal method.

【0053】以下実施例により、本発明を説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.

【0054】[0054]

【実施例】(実施例1) 表1、2に示す化学組成を有する鋼を、通常の方法によ
って70t転炉溶製した。表1における鋼A〜Fは本発
明の対象鋼(以下、「本発明鋼」という)、表2におけ
る鋼G〜Mは成分のいずれかが本発明で規定する含有量
の範囲から外れた比較鋼である。なお、比較鋼における
鋼LとMはそれぞれJISのS45CとS53Cに相当
するものである。
EXAMPLES (Example 1) Steel having the chemical composition shown in Tables 1 and 2 was melted by a conventional method in a 70-t converter. Steels A to F in Table 1 are steels subject to the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as “the present invention steel”), and steels G to M in Table 2 are comparisons in which any of the components is out of the range of the content specified in the present invention. It is steel. The steels L and M in the comparative steel correspond to JIS S45C and S53C, respectively.

【0055】[0055]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0056】[0056]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0057】次いで、これらの鋼を通常の方法によって
分塊圧延して180mm角のビレットとなし、その後、
通常の方法で熱間圧延して直径40mmの棒鋼とした。
なお、熱間圧延後は空冷した。
Next, these steels were slab-rolled by a usual method to form billets of 180 mm square.
Hot rolling was performed by a normal method to obtain a steel bar having a diameter of 40 mm.
It should be noted that air cooling was performed after hot rolling.

【0058】圧延後の棒鋼は、通常の方法で酸洗と潤滑
処理を行い、冷間(室温)で直径33.5mm(減面率
29.9%)までドローベンチを用いて引き抜き加工し
てから、表3及び4に示す条件で焼鈍を行った。
The rolled steel bar is pickled and lubricated by a usual method, and drawn out to a diameter of 33.5 mm (reduction ratio of 29.9%) at a cold temperature (room temperature) using a draw bench. Thus, annealing was performed under the conditions shown in Tables 3 and 4.

【0059】こうして得られた焼鈍後の直径33.5m
mの丸棒から、直径10mm×長さ15mmの円筒状の
試験片を切り出し、500t高速プレス機を用いて通常
の方法で両端拘束据え込み試験を行い、常温(室温)に
おける変形抵抗と変形能を測定した。なお、各条件ごと
に3回の据え込み試験を行った。
The thus obtained annealed diameter of 33.5 m
A cylindrical test piece having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 15 mm was cut out from a round bar having a diameter of 10 m and subjected to an upsetting test at both ends using a 500-t high-speed press in a normal manner. Was measured. In addition, three upsetting tests were performed for each condition.

【0060】変形抵抗は、前記の据え込み試験での据え
込み率(圧縮率)が50%の場合における3つの変形抵
抗の平均値で表した。変形能は、上記の据え込み試験で
3個の試験片のすべてに割れが発生しない最大加工率
(減面率)を限界据え込み率とし、これで評価した。
The deformation resistance was represented by an average value of three deformation resistances when the upsetting ratio (compression ratio) in the upsetting test was 50%. The deformability was evaluated based on the maximum working rate (reduction rate) in which cracks did not occur in all three test pieces in the above-mentioned upsetting test, which was taken as the critical upsetting rate.

【0061】又、焼鈍後の直径33.5mmの丸棒から
は、直径33.5mm×厚さ20mmの試験片を切り出
し、光学顕微鏡(倍率は500倍)でランダムに10視
野観察して組織調査(相の判定、フェライト結晶粒度及
び黒鉛サイズの測定、セメンタイト(%)+黒鉛(%)
=100%とした時の黒鉛の占める面積割合の測定)を
行った。又、上記の試験片を用いて、マイクロビッカー
ス硬度計により中央部の硬度測定を行った。
Further, a test piece having a diameter of 33.5 mm and a thickness of 20 mm was cut out from a round bar having a diameter of 33.5 mm after annealing, and the structure was examined by randomly observing 10 visual fields with an optical microscope (magnification: 500 times). (Determination of phase, measurement of ferrite grain size and graphite size, cementite (%) + graphite (%)
= 100% measurement of the area ratio of graphite). Further, the hardness of the central portion was measured by using a micro Vickers hardness tester using the test piece.

【0062】表3、4に調査結果を併せて示す。これら
の表によれば、本発明で規定する化学組成を有し、且
つ、熱間圧延後に本発明で規定する条件で「冷間引き抜
き−焼鈍」の処理を施された鋼材(表3の試験番号 1〜
18)にあっては、規定の組織を有するのでS20Cと同
等の冷間加工性(常温での両端拘束据え込み試験におけ
る限界圧縮率が85%以上、且つ、据え込み率50%に
おける変形抵抗が600MPa以下)が得られることが
明らかである。一方、表4における試験番号33〜38のよ
うに本発明鋼であっても、焼鈍の条件が本発明で規定す
る条件から外れるため、組織が本発明で規定するものか
ら外れたり(試験番号33、36及び37)、黒鉛化が充分で
なく硬度が高い場合(試験番号34、35及び38)には、冷
間加工性が劣っている。
Tables 3 and 4 also show the results of the investigation. According to these tables, a steel material having the chemical composition specified in the present invention and subjected to the process of “cold drawing-annealing” after hot rolling under the conditions specified in the present invention (the test in Table 3) Number 1 ~
In the case of 18), since it has a specified structure, the cold workability is equivalent to that of S20C (the critical compression ratio in a double-ended restraint upsetting test at room temperature is 85% or more, and the deformation resistance at 50% 600 MPa or less). On the other hand, even in the case of the steels of the present invention as shown in Test Nos. 33 to 38 in Table 4, the annealing conditions deviate from the conditions specified in the present invention, and thus the structure deviates from that specified in the present invention (Test No. 33). , 36 and 37), when the graphitization was insufficient and the hardness was high (Test Nos. 34, 35 and 38), the cold workability was poor.

【0063】[0063]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0064】[0064]

【表4】 [Table 4]

【0065】(実施例2) 本発明鋼である鋼Dの、前記表3及び4に記載した試験
番号11と36の直径33.5mmの焼鈍後の丸棒から、直
径25mm×長さ70mmの熱処理素材を切り出し、下
記(イ)と(ロ)の熱処理を施した。
(Example 2) A steel D of the present invention was obtained from a round rod having a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 70 mm from an annealed round rod having a diameter of 33.5 mm in Test Nos. 11 and 36 described in Tables 3 and 4 described above. The heat-treated material was cut out and subjected to the following heat treatments (a) and (b).

【0066】(イ)バッチ式の電気炉を用いて、900
℃に加熱後30分保持し水冷する焼入れ処理。(ロ)出
力20kW、周波数100kHzの高周波焼入れ装置を
用いて、900℃で10秒間保持し水冷する高周波焼入
れ処理。
(A) Using a batch type electric furnace, 900
A quenching treatment of heating to 30 ° C and holding for 30 minutes followed by water cooling. (B) Induction quenching treatment in which water is cooled by holding at 900 ° C. for 10 seconds using an induction quenching device having an output of 20 kW and a frequency of 100 kHz.

【0067】次いで、焼入れした丸棒から、加熱を避け
るため冷却液を吹き付けながらマイクロカッターを用い
て切断して、直径25mm×厚さ20mmの硬度試験片
を作製した。
Next, the hardened round bar was cut with a micro cutter while spraying a cooling liquid to avoid heating, thereby producing a hardness test piece having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 20 mm.

【0068】この後、ビッカース硬度計を用いて、前記
硬度試験片の外表面から2mmの位置における硬度を測
定した。
Thereafter, the hardness at a position 2 mm from the outer surface of the hardness test piece was measured using a Vickers hardness meter.

【0069】表5に試験結果を示す。この表5から、本
発明鋼であっても、その組織が本発明の規定を外れたも
のでは、熱処理特性が劣ったものとなってしまうことが
明らかである。
Table 5 shows the test results. From Table 5, it is clear that even in the case of the steel of the present invention, if the structure of the steel is out of the range specified in the present invention, the heat treatment characteristics will be inferior.

【0070】すなわち、試験番号11の丸棒から切り出
し、焼鈍後の組織が本発明で規定するものからなる熱処
理素材を用いた場合(試験番号39と40)にあっては、前
記(イ)及び(ロ)の焼入れで、Hv600を超える硬
度が得られている。これに対して、焼鈍後の組織が本発
明で規定するものから外れ、セメンタイトを含まずに1
00%黒鉛化した、焼鈍の試験番号が36の丸棒から切り
出した熱処理素材を用いた場合(試験番号41と42)で
は、前記(イ)及び(ロ)の焼入れ処理による硬度はH
v500を下回り、熱処理性に問題があることが明らか
である。
That is, in the case of using a heat-treated material cut out from the round bar of Test No. 11 and having an annealed structure defined by the present invention (Test Nos. 39 and 40), the above (A) and (B) Hardness exceeding Hv600 was obtained by quenching (b). On the other hand, the structure after annealing deviated from that specified in the present invention, and was 1% without cementite.
In the case of using a heat-treated material cut out from a round bar having a test number of 36, which has been graphitized and subjected to an annealing test number of 36 (test numbers 41 and 42), the hardness obtained by the quenching treatment of (a) and (b) is H
Below v500, it is clear that there is a problem in heat treatment properties.

【0071】[0071]

【表5】 [Table 5]

【発明の効果】本発明による機械構造用鋼材は、引抜
き、鍛造、転造などの冷間加工性に優れ、且つ調質処理
や高周波焼入れなどの熱処理で容易に中・高炭素鋼鋼材
レベルの特性(強度、靱性や耐摩耗性など)が得られ
る。このため、各種機械や自動車の部品など特に形状の
複雑な部品の素材としてこの機械構造用鋼材を適用すれ
ば、製造工程の合理化や、製造歩留まりを向上させるこ
とが可能となる。この機械構造用鋼材は本発明方法によ
って、比較的容易に製造することができる。
The steel material for machine structural use according to the present invention is excellent in cold workability such as drawing, forging, and rolling, and easily at a medium or high carbon steel level by heat treatment such as tempering treatment or induction hardening. Characteristics (strength, toughness, wear resistance, etc.) can be obtained. For this reason, if this steel material for machine structure is applied as a material of a component having a particularly complicated shape such as a component of various machines or automobiles, it becomes possible to rationalize the manufacturing process and improve the manufacturing yield. The steel for machine structural use can be manufactured relatively easily by the method of the present invention.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平9−279297(JP,A) 特開 平8−291362(JP,A) 特開 平8−120405(JP,A) 特開 平7−242990(JP,A) 特開 平7−97662(JP,A) 特開 平5−239553(JP,A) 特開 平4−311546(JP,A) 特開 平9−194932(JP,A) 特開 平7−188848(JP,A) 特開 平7−188844(JP,A) 特開 平9−67642(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) C22C 38/00 - 38/60 C21D 8/00 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-9-279297 (JP, A) JP-A-8-291362 (JP, A) JP-A-8-120405 (JP, A) JP-A-7-279 242990 (JP, A) JP-A-7-97662 (JP, A) JP-A-5-239553 (JP, A) JP-A-4-311546 (JP, A) JP-A 9-194932 (JP, A) JP-A-7-188848 (JP, A) JP-A-7-188844 (JP, A) JP-A-9-67642 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C22C 38/00-38/60 C21D 8/00

Claims (4)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】重量%で、C:0.3〜0.8%、Si:
0.15%を超えて0.30%未満、Mn:0.05〜
0.6%、Al:0.005〜0.10%、P0.0
05〜0.03%、S:0.003〜0.03%、及び
Nb:0.003〜0.05を含有し、残部はFe及び
不可避不純物からなる化学組成であって、組織が、結晶
粒度でJIS粒度番号5〜10のフェライト、最大直径
が20μm以下の黒鉛、及びセメンタイトからなり、硬
度がHv120以下であることを特徴とする冷間加工性
に優れた機械構造用鋼材。
C .: 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, Si:
More than 0.15% and less than 0.30%, Mn: 0.05 to
0.6%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10% , P : 0.0
05 to 0.03 %, S: 0.003 to 0.03 %, and
Nb: 0.003 to 0.05, the balance being a chemical composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities, the structure being ferrite having a crystal grain size of JIS grain size number 5 to 10, graphite having a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less, And steel having excellent cold workability, characterized by having a hardness of Hv 120 or less.
【請求項2】重量%で、C:0.3〜0.8%、Si:
0.15%を超えて0.30%未満、Mn:0.05〜
0.6%、Al:0.005〜0.10%、P:0.0
05〜0.03%、S:0.003〜0.03%、並び
にCr:0.01〜0.2%及びMo:0.01〜0.
3%の1種以上を含有し、残部はFe及び不可避不純物
からなる化学組成であって、組織が、結晶粒度でJIS
粒度番号5〜10のフェライト、最大直径が20μm以
下の黒鉛、及びセメンタイトからなり、硬度がHv12
0以下であることを特徴とする冷間加工性に優れた機械
構造用鋼材。
2. C: 0.3 to 0.8% by weight, Si:
More than 0.15% and less than 0.30%, Mn: 0.05 to
0.6%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, P: 0.0
05 to 0.03%, S: 0.003 to 0.03%, side by side
Cr: 0.01-0.2% and Mo: 0.01-0.
Contains 3% or more, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities
Is a chemical composition consisting of:
Ferrite with grain size number 5-10, maximum diameter 20 μm or less
It consists of lower graphite and cementite and has a hardness of Hv12.
A machine excellent in cold workability characterized by being 0 or less
Structural steel.
【請求項3】(3) 重量%で、C:0.3〜0.8%、Si:% By weight, C: 0.3-0.8%, Si:
0.15%を超えて0.30%未満、Mn:0.05〜More than 0.15% and less than 0.30%, Mn: 0.05 to
0.6%、Al:0.005〜0.10%、P:0.00.6%, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, P: 0.0
05〜0.03%、S:0.003〜0.03%、及び05 to 0.03%, S: 0.003 to 0.03%, and
Nb:0.003〜0.05%、並びにCr:0.01Nb: 0.003 to 0.05%, and Cr: 0.01
〜0.2%及びMo:0.01〜0.3%の1種以上をTo 0.2% and Mo: 0.01 to 0.3%
含有し、残部はFe及び不可避不純物からなる化学組成Chemical composition of Fe and unavoidable impurities
であって、組織が、結晶粒度でJIS粒度番号5〜10And the structure has a grain size of JIS grain size number 5 to 10
のフェライト、最大直径が20μm以下の黒鉛、及びセFerrite, graphite having a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less, and
メンタイトからなり、硬度がHv120以下であることMentite, hardness not higher than Hv120
を特徴とする冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材。A steel material for machine structure with excellent cold workability characterized by the following characteristics.
【請求項4】(4) 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化学組成The chemical composition according to claim 1.
を有する鋼を、熱間加工した後、減面率で5〜50%のAfter hot working, steel having a surface area reduction of 5 to 50%
冷間加工を行い、次いで、650〜720℃の温度域でCold working, then in the temperature range of 650-720 ° C
5〜20時間の焼鈍を行って、結晶粒度でJIS粒度番After annealing for 5 to 20 hours, JIS grain size
号5〜10のフェライト、最大直径が20μm以下の黒No. 5 to 10 ferrite, black with a maximum diameter of 20 μm or less
鉛、及びセメンタイトからなる組織となすとともに、硬A structure consisting of lead and cementite
度をHv120以下となすことを特徴とする冷間加工性Cold workability characterized by a degree of Hv 120 or less
に優れた機械構造用鋼材の製造方法。Method of manufacturing steel for machine structure with excellent performance.
JP09533696A 1996-04-17 1996-04-17 Steel for mechanical structure excellent in cold workability and method for producing the same Expired - Fee Related JP3282491B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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JP09533696A JP3282491B2 (en) 1996-04-17 1996-04-17 Steel for mechanical structure excellent in cold workability and method for producing the same

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JP3282491B2 true JP3282491B2 (en) 2002-05-13

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