JP3196201B2 - 180 ° phase shifter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a 180 ° phase shifter used for various communication devices.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A 180 ° phase shifter is a microwave circuit widely used as a basic circuit such as a power distribution / combination circuit of a power amplifier, a balanced modulation / demodulation circuit, a mixer, and a phase shifter. The main function of the 180 ° phase shifter is to distribute the power of the unbalanced signal to a balanced signal having a phase difference of 180 ° and an equal amplitude. Imbalance (Balance-Unbala)
nce) Transducer or simply Bal-un
Also called.

Conventionally, there is a Marchand balun as shown in FIG. 9 as a small balun having a wide frequency characteristic. This merchant balun is called "A NEW Im
pedance-Matched Wide-Band
Balun and Magic Tee "by
G. FIG. J. Laughlin. IEEE Trans.
Microwave Theory Tech. , Vo
l. MTT-24 No. 3, March 1976.
p135. -P141. It is described in.

The merchant balun shown in FIG. 9 is composed of a first set of a transmission line 4 having a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency and a third coupling transmission line 6 having a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency. And a second set of coupled transmission lines comprising a second coupled transmission line 5 having a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency and a fourth coupled transmission line 7 having a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency. I have. The first set of coupled transmission lines and the second set of coupled transmission lines include a third coupled transmission line 6 and a fourth coupled transmission line 7.
Are connected to each other with one end 11, 14 being grounded and the other end 12, 13 being open.

The first coupled transmission line 4 is connected at one end 8 to the unbalanced signal input terminal 1 and at the other end 9 to one end 10 of the second coupled transmission line 5. I have. The other end of the second coupled transmission line 5 is an open end. The third coupled transmission line 6 is connected to the other end 12.
, Is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal 2, and the fourth coupled transmission line 7 is connected at the other end 13 to the second balanced signal output terminal 3.

In the merchant balun shown in FIG. 9, when an unbalanced signal is input from the unbalanced signal input terminal 1, balanced signals are output from the first and second balanced signal output terminals 2 and 3.

FIG. 10 has the circuit configuration shown in FIG.
It is an external view which shows the structure of the conventional 180 degree balun which used the multilayer Teflon board | substrate of a dielectric constant 2.2, and was designed to use a frequency of 2 GHz. FIG. 10A is a plan view when viewed from above, and FIG. 10B is a side view.

A back electrode (not shown) for grounding is formed on the back surface of the Teflon substrate 15 having a thickness of 1.2 mm, and the third and fourth coupling transmission lines 6 are formed on the front surface of the Teflon substrate 15. , 7 are formed in a pattern.

The Teflon substrate 15 is mounted on a housing 16.

The third coupled transmission line 6 is electrically connected to the back electrode at one end 11 via a first through-hole electrode 17 formed on the Teflon substrate 15 and is grounded.
The other end 12 is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal 2.

The fourth coupled transmission line 7 is electrically connected at one end 14 to the back electrode via the second through-hole electrode 18 and is grounded, and at the other end 13 is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal 3. It is connected to the.

The length of the third and fourth coupled transmission lines 6 and 7 is 2 GHz which is the frequency used in the Teflon substrate 15.
Is set to about an effective quarter wavelength.

The third and fourth coupled transmission lines 6, 7
Width of balanced signal input terminals 2 and 3 (50/2 = 25Ω)
Set to match the impedance. For example, the third coupled transmission line 6 has a length of 27 mm and a width of 5.5 mm, and the fourth coupled transmission line 7 has a length of 25.5 mm and a width of 5.5.
5 mm.

Further, a second Teflon substrate 19 having a thickness of 0.8 mm and not having a metallized rear surface is disposed immediately above the Teflon substrate 15.

On the surface of the second Teflon substrate 19, first and second coupled transmission lines 4 and 5 are interposed via the third and fourth coupled transmission lines 6 and 7 and the second Teflon substrate 19, respectively. Are formed so as to overlap with the patterns of the third and fourth coupling transmission lines 6 and 7 when viewed from above.

The length of the first and second coupling transmission lines 4 and 5 is 2 GHz, which is the frequency used in the second Teflon substrate 19.
Is set to about an effective quarter wavelength.

The first and second coupled transmission lines 4, 5
Is set so as to match the impedance to the unbalanced signal input terminal 1 (50Ω). For example, the first coupled transmission line 4 has a length of 27 mm and a width of 2.5 mm, and the second coupled transmission line 5 has a length of 25.5 mm and a width of 3.5 mm.

The conventional 180 manufactured as described above
3A to 3C show the characteristics of the ° balun. FIG. 3A shows an amplitude difference between the balanced signal output terminals 2 and 3 when the signal input from the unbalanced signal input terminal 1 is distributed to the two balanced signal output terminals 2 and 3 ( The vertical axis shows the frequency dependence (horizontal axis), and FIG. 3B shows the phase difference (vertical axis) frequency dependence (horizontal axis) at that time. Also,
FIG. 3C shows the frequency dependence (horizontal axis) of the passing loss (vertical axis) from the unbalanced signal input terminal 1 to one of the balanced signal input terminals 2 or 3.

Approximately 70 for a center frequency f _{0 of} 2 GHz
% F _{0 in} a wide frequency bandwidth of 0.2d
A good 180 ° phase shifter characteristic of B or less, a phase difference of 180 ° ± 5 °, and a passage loss of 0.5 dB or less (loss from −3 dB) is shown.

As another example of the conventional 180 ° phase shifter, FIG. 12 shows a 180 ° phase shifter described in JP-A-7-38368.

As shown in FIG. 12A, the 180 ° phase shifter has one primary coil 20 and two secondary coils 21 and 22 connected in series. And 2
A transformer whose connection point between the secondary coils 21 and 22 is grounded is used.

As shown in FIG.
The phase shifter is composed of a multi-layer substrate, on which a transformer section 23 composed of a plurality of coil patterns and a capacitor section 24 composed of a ground electrode pattern and a plurality of capacitor electrode patterns are integrally provided. The transformer unit 23 includes a primary coil 20 and a secondary coil 21,
22 are formed. The capacitor section 24 includes three capacitors C1, C2, and C3.

Further, capacitors C1, C2 and C3 each having one electrode grounded are connected to the primary side coil 20 and the secondary side coils 21 and 22, respectively.

Still another example of a conventional 180 ° phase shifter is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-265048.
An 80 ° phase shifter is shown in FIG.

The signal input from the input terminal 25 is converted into a balanced mode signal by a Marchand balun composed of a first coupling line 26 and a second coupling line 27, and is output to a diode 30 via output terminals 28 and 29. , 31. An RF signal is input from a RF signal terminal 33 to a connection point 32 between the diodes 30 and 31. Diode 3
The balanced mode signal input to 0 and 31 is a diode 3
The signal is converted by the non-linear effects 0 and 31, passes through the low-pass filter 34, and is output from the output terminal 35 as an intermediate frequency.

[0026]

In recent years, with the miniaturization of communication equipment, there has been a demand for miniaturization of microwave circuits such as 180 ° phase shifters.

The conventional example shown in FIGS.
Although the phase shifter has a good frequency characteristic in a wide band, there is a problem that a circuit area is increased and a cost is increased because a quarter wavelength coupling transmission line is used.
In the frequency band 1-2 GHz in mobile communication systems, its use has been shunned.

Further, since the conventional 180 ° phase shifter shown in FIG. 12 uses a transformer, there is a limit to downsizing. Further, since a winding operation is required for manufacturing the transformer, there is a problem that this 180 ° phase shifter is inferior in mass productivity.

The conventional 180 ° phase shifter shown in FIG. 13 has a problem that the structure is complicated and the band in which the unbalanced-balanced conversion characteristic can be achieved is relatively narrow.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the conventional 180 ° phase shifter, and is compact, excellent in mass productivity, and has a wide frequency characteristic. It is intended to provide a phaser.

[0031]

[0032]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first to fourth coupled transmission lines each having a wavelength shorter than 1/4 wavelength of an operating frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal, and first and second balanced signals. 18 comprising an output terminal and first to third capacitors
A 0 ° phase shifter, wherein the first coupled transmission line is connected at its first end to an unbalanced signal input terminal, and
It is grounded via a first capacitor, and is further connected at its second end to a first end of a second coupled transmission line, the second coupled transmission line being connected to its second end. Part, is grounded via a second capacitor,
The third coupled transmission line is grounded at its first end, and further connected at its second end to a first end of the fourth coupled transmission line via a third capacitor, and Connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, the fourth coupled transmission line is connected at its first end to the second balanced signal output terminal, and further at its second end to ground. A 180 ° phase shifter having the structure described.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines shorter than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency, the unbalanced signal input terminal, the first and second balanced signal output terminals, A third capacitor, an upper substrate, and a lower substrate on which a back electrode is formed on the back surface, wherein the third and fourth coupling transmission lines are respectively provided on the lower substrate. Patterned and the third coupled transmission line is:
At its first end, it is connected to the back electrode via a first through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate, and further, at its second end, it is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, and Is connected to a first end of a fourth coupled transmission line via a third capacitor, and the fourth coupled transmission line is connected at its first end to a second balanced signal output terminal. Further, at a second end portion thereof, it is connected to a back electrode via a second through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate, and the upper substrate is disposed on the lower substrate, and The two coupled transmission lines are respectively patterned on the upper layer substrate so as to overlap the patterns of the third and fourth coupled transmission lines when viewed from above, and the first coupled transmission line has its first coupled transmission line. At one end, the unbalanced signal input Is connected to, and is grounded via the first capacitor, furthermore, at its second end, is connected to a first end of the second coupled transmission line,
The second coupled transmission line has a structure that is grounded via a second capacitor at a second end thereof.
° Provide a phase shifter.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a 180 ° phase shifter according to the present invention further includes a housing in which a cavity having the same size as the lower substrate is formed, and the lower substrate is provided inside the cavity. It is preferable that it is accommodated.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the upper substrate is provided with a grounding electrode at each of the first and second ends, and the grounding electrode is formed on the through-hole formed on the upper substrate. It is preferable to connect to the housing via the hole electrode and to each of the first and second capacitors.

[0036]

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the first to fourth coupled transmission lines shorter than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency, the unbalanced signal input terminal, the first and second balanced signal output terminals, To a third capacitor, wherein the first coupled transmission line is connected at its first end to an unbalanced signal input terminal, and is connected via the first capacitor. The second coupled transmission line is connected to the first end of the third coupled transmission line, and further connected to the first end of the second coupled transmission line at the second end. At its second end, it is connected to the second end of the fourth coupled transmission line via a second capacitor, and the third coupled transmission line is grounded at its first end. And at the second end thereof, the first end of the fourth coupled transmission line and the third capacitor. It is connected via a sita, and is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, the fourth coupled transmission line, at its first end, is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal, Further, it provides a 180 ° phase shifter which is grounded at its second end.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first to a fourth coupled transmission line shorter than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal, first and second balanced signal output terminals, A third capacitor, an upper substrate, and a lower substrate on which a back electrode is formed on the back surface, wherein the third and fourth coupling transmission lines are respectively provided on the lower substrate. Patterned and the third coupled transmission line is:
At its first end, it is connected to the back electrode via a first through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate, and further, at its second end, it is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal. The fourth coupled transmission line is connected at its first end to a second balanced signal output terminal, and at its second end via a second through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate. A capacitor layer as a third capacitor connected to the third and fourth coupled transmission lines on the third and fourth coupled transmission lines, and the upper substrate is formed on the lower substrate by a dielectric layer formed on the lower substrate. The first and second coupled transmission lines are formed on the upper substrate by patterning, respectively, and the first and second coupled transmission lines are formed by third and fourth through holes formed on the upper substrate. Each through the electrodes Conducting with the third and fourth coupled transmission lines, capacitor layers are formed on the third and fourth through holes as first and second capacitors, respectively, and the first coupled transmission line is At the first end, it is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal, and is connected to the first end of the third coupled transmission line via the first capacitor, and further, at its second end, The second coupled transmission line is connected to the first end of the second coupled transmission line, and the second coupled transmission line is connected at its second end to the second coupled transmission line via the second capacitor. The present invention provides a 180 ° phase shifter having a structure connected to a section.

As described in claim 7, it is preferable to form an electrode on the capacitor layer as the third capacitor.

As described in claim 8, the upper substrate and the lower substrate can be formed of, for example, Teflon or polyimide.

[0041]

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the first to fourth coupled transmission lines shorter than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency, the unbalanced signal input terminal, the first and second balanced signal output terminals, To a third capacitor, wherein the first to fourth coupled transmission lines include a base, and first and second extension parts extending in the same direction from both ends of the base. And the second and fourth coupled transmission lines have their first and second extensions such that their first and second extensions are alternately opposed. The first and second coupled transmission lines are coupled to each other at their bases, and the first coupled transmission line is unbalanced at its first extension. The third coupled transmission line is connected to the And the first extension part and the second extension part are electrically connected to each other, and at the second extension part, connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, The transmission line is grounded at its base, its first extension and second extension are electrically connected to each other, and at its second end it is connected to a second balanced signal output terminal. The first and second extension portions of the first and third coupling transmission lines are interconnected via a first capacitor,
The first and second extension portions of the second and fourth coupling transmission lines are connected to each other via a second capacitor, and the third and fourth coupling transmission lines and the fourth coupling transmission line are connected to each other. Each second extension of the transmission line provides a 180 ° phase shifter having a structure interconnected via a third capacitor.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the first to fourth coupled transmission lines shorter than a quarter wavelength of the operating frequency, the unbalanced signal input terminal, the first and second balanced signal output terminals, A 180 ° phase shifter comprising: a first capacitor to a third capacitor; and a substrate having a back surface electrode formed on the back surface, wherein the first to fourth coupled transmission lines, the unbalanced signal input terminal, and the first And the second to third balanced signal output terminals, and the first to third capacitors are formed on the substrate, and the first to fourth coupled transmission lines are formed from a base, and a first and a second coupling transmission line extending in the same direction from both ends of the base. The first and second coupled transmission lines, and the second and fourth coupled transmission lines are such that their first and second extensions are staggered. Are arranged so that the first and second extension portions are alternately opposed to each other. The first and second coupled transmission lines are coupled to each other at their bases, and the first coupled transmission line is connected at its first extension to an unbalanced signal input terminal to provide a third coupled transmission line. At the base of the line, the first extension and the second extension are electrically connected to each other, and at the second extension, the line is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal. The four coupled transmission lines are:
At its base, it is connected to the back electrode via a second through-hole electrode formed in the substrate, the first extension and the second extension are electrically connected to each other, and its second end , The first and second extension lines of the first and third coupling transmission lines are connected to each other via a first capacitor. The first and second extension portions of the second and fourth coupling transmission lines are connected to each other via a second capacitor, and the third and third coupling transmission lines and Each second extension of the fourth coupled transmission line has a structure connected to each other via a third capacitor.
Provide an 80 ° phase shifter.

[0044] As described in claim 11, each of the second and third capacitors may comprise a plurality of capacitors.

According to the twelfth aspect, each of the first extension part and the second extension part of the second coupled transmission line and the fourth coupled transmission line are connected, for example, via a bonding wire. be able to.

As shown in FIG. 1, the characteristic impedance Z
0 quarter-wave line 40 has a capacitance of 4 at both ends.
When the condition of the following formula (1) is satisfied, the line 43 having the electrical length θ and the characteristic impedance Z connected to the first and second capacitors 42 (capacitance C) is equivalent.

Z = Z0 / sinθ ωC = (1 / Z0) cosθ (1) By using this equivalent condition, a 1/4 wavelength line can be
It can be replaced by a coupled transmission line shorter than / 4 wavelength and a capacitance.

The conventional 180 ° phase shifter is 1/1 of the operating frequency.
According to the present invention, each of the two sets of coupled transmission lines is grounded via a capacitance, whereas the four-wavelength coupled transmission lines are configured with four wavelengths.
By connecting the tips of the two sets of coupled transmission lines to each other with a capacitance and further grounding, the coupled transmission lines are replaced with a coupled transmission line shorter than 波長 wavelength.

A conventional 180 ° phase shifter (referred to as a merchant balun) composed of a coupling transmission line having a quarter wavelength of the working frequency has a frequency of 30 ° with respect to the center frequency f ₀ .
It performs well as a 180 ° phase shifter in the bandwidth from% to 50% f ₀ .

Originally, a merchant type microstrip balun has a very wide frequency characteristic, so it is not necessary to strictly set the length of the coupled transmission line to １ ／ wavelength of the used frequency. Is shorter than １ ／ wavelength, the frequency characteristic shifts to a higher band. In such a case, according to the present invention, each tip of the two coupled transmission lines is grounded via a capacitance, or the tips of the two coupled transmission lines are connected to each other via a capacitance, Further, by grounding, the capacitance compensates for the electrical length of the coupled transmission line that is shortened, so that it is possible to reduce the electrical length of the coupled transmission line to 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequency.
Characteristics substantially equivalent to the frequency characteristics of the 80 ° phase shifter can be realized.

As described above, since the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present invention is constituted by the coupling transmission line shorter than １ ／ wavelength of the used frequency and the capacitance, it is compact and
A 180 ° phase shifter having a wide frequency characteristic can be obtained.

[0052]

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a 180 ° phase shifter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment comprises two sets of coupled transmission lines shorter than 波長 wavelength of the operating frequency, and the ends of each set of coupled transmission lines are grounded via a capacitance. It is characterized by having.

The 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment comprises first to fourth coupled transmission lines 54, 55, 56, 57 shorter than １ ／ wavelength of the operating frequency, and an unbalanced signal input terminal 5
1, first and second balanced signal output terminals 52 and 53,
And first to third capacitors 58, 59, and 60.

The first and third coupled transmission lines 54 and 56 are coupled to each other to form a pair, and the second and fourth coupled transmission lines 55 and 57 are coupled to each other and form a pair. ing.

The first coupled transmission line 54 is connected at its first end 54a to the unbalanced signal input terminal 51,
And it is grounded via the first capacitor 58.
Further, the first coupled transmission line 54 has a second end 54
b, the first end 55a of the second coupled transmission line 55
Is connected to

The second coupled transmission line 55 has a second end 5a of the first coupled transmission line 54 at a first end 55a.
4b, and is grounded via a second capacitor 59 at a second end 55b thereof.

The third coupled transmission line 56 is grounded at its first end 56a, and further connected to its second end 56a.
b, the first end 57a of the fourth coupled transmission line 57
And a third capacitor 60, and is connected to a first balanced signal output terminal 52.

The fourth coupled transmission line 57 is connected at its first end 57a to the second end 56b of the third coupled transmission line 56 via the third capacitor 60, and , And is grounded at a second end 57b thereof.

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment, the signal supplied from the unbalanced signal input terminal 51 is the first signal.
Balanced signal output terminal 52 and second balanced signal output terminal 53
And is output with power equal to The phase difference between the signals output from the two balanced signal output terminals 52 and 53 is 18
0 °.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 54, 55,
56, 57 characteristic impedance and line length, and
The first to third capacitors 58, 59, 60 are set to satisfy the above-described unbalanced-balanced conversion characteristics.

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment, the added capacitances 58, 59, 60 compensate for the electrical length of the coupled transmission lines 54, 55, 56, 57, so that the phase shifter is more than the 1/4 wavelength. A circuit of a 180 ° phase shifter can be constituted by a short coupled transmission line. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a 180 ° phase shifter having a small size and wide frequency characteristics.

Next, a specific example of the 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 3 has the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 2, uses a multi-layer Teflon substrate having a dielectric constant of 2.2, and operates at a frequency of 2
FIG. 3 is an external view illustrating a configuration of a 180 ° phase shifter when designed as GHz. FIG. 3A is a plan view when viewed from above, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view.

Metallizing the back surface for grounding has a thickness of 1.2 such that a back electrode (not shown) is formed.
The third and fourth coupled transmission lines 56 and 57 are patterned on the surface of the lower Teflon substrate 62 mm.

One end 56a of the third coupled transmission line 56 is
The other end 56 is grounded to the back electrode via a first through-hole electrode 65 formed in the lower layer Teflon substrate 62.
b is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal 52. Further, the third coupled transmission line 56 is provided at the other end 56b via a chip capacitor 60 as a third capacitor formed on the third coupled transmission line 56 and the fourth coupled transmission line 57. One end 57 a of the fourth coupled transmission line 57 is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal 53.

The other end 57 b of the fourth coupled transmission line 57 is grounded to the back electrode via the second through-hole electrode 66.

The 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment includes a housing 69 in which a cavity having the same size as the lower Teflon substrate 62 and having a depth of 1.2 mm is formed. Is embedded inside.

Immediately above the lower layer Teflon substrate 62, the upper layer Teflon substrate 6 having a thickness of 0.8 mm without metallizing the rear surface is provided.
1 is arranged.

On the surface of the upper layer Teflon substrate 61, first and second coupled transmission lines 54 and 55 are provided via the lower layer Teflon substrate 12 respectively.
The patterns are arranged so as to be coupled with the patterns of the third and fourth coupled transmission lines 56 and 57 when viewed from above so as to couple with the third and fourth coupled transmission lines 56 and 57.

The first coupled transmission line 54 is connected at one end 54a to the unbalanced signal input terminal 51. On the surface of the upper layer Teflon substrate 61, a ground electrode 67 is provided near the unbalanced signal input terminal 51. The ground electrode 67 is electrically connected to the housing 69 via a third through-hole electrode 63 formed on the upper Teflon substrate 61.

The ground electrode 67 and the first coupled transmission line 54
, A chip capacitor 58 as a first capacitor is formed.
Is grounded by being connected to the housing 69 via the chip capacitor 58, the ground electrode 67, and the third through-hole electrode 63.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the other end 54b of the first coupled transmission line 54 is connected to one end 55a of the second coupled transmission line 55.

On the surface of the upper Teflon substrate 61, a ground electrode 68 is provided at the other end 55b of the second coupled transmission line 55. The ground electrode 68 is electrically connected to the housing 69 via a fourth through-hole electrode 64 formed in the upper Teflon substrate 61.

The ground electrode 68 and the second coupled transmission line 55
And a chip capacitor 59 as a second capacitor is formed.
Is grounded by being connected to a housing 69 via a chip capacitor 59, a ground electrode 68 and a fourth through-hole electrode 64.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 54, 55,
Characteristic impedances and electrical lengths of 56 and 57, and
The capacitances of the first to third chip capacitors 58, 59, 60 are calculated by the above equation (1).

In this example, the first coupled transmission line 54 has a length of 12 mm and a width of 1.4 mm, the second coupled transmission line 55 has a length of 12 mm and a width of 2.8 mm, and the third coupled transmission line has a length of 2.8 mm. The line 56 has a length of 12 mm and a width of 5 mm, and the fourth coupled transmission line 57 has a length of 12 mm and a width of 4.5 mm. First to third chip capacitors 58, 59, 60
Were selected with capacitance values of 0.8 pF, 1.0 pF and 1.8 pF, respectively.

FIGS. 4A to 4C show the characteristics of the 180 ° balun according to the present embodiment manufactured as described above.
Shown in FIG. 4A shows an amplitude difference between the balanced signal output terminals 52 and 53 when a signal input from the unbalanced signal input terminal 51 is distributed to two balanced signal output terminals 52 and 53 (vertical axis). ) Indicates the frequency dependence (horizontal axis)
FIG. 4B shows the frequency dependence (horizontal axis) of the phase difference (vertical axis) at that time. FIG. 4C shows the frequency dependence (horizontal axis) of the passing loss (vertical axis) from the unbalanced signal input terminal 51 to one of the balanced signal output terminals 52 or 53.

The 180 ° phase shifter according to the above-described embodiment
To the same extent as the conventional example, the vast frequency bandwidth of about 40% f ₀ with respect to the center frequency f ₀ of 2 GHz, the following amplitude difference 0.2 dB, the phase difference 180 ° ± 5 °, the transmission loss 0.
A 180 ° phase shifter characteristic of 5 dB or less (loss from −3 dB) is shown. This is a sufficiently good characteristic to be applied to a 2 GHz band mobile communication system.

Further, while the conventional 180 ° phase shifter is constituted by a 波長 wavelength line having a working frequency of 2 GHz, the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment is about 40% longer than the conventional 180 ° phase shifter. This is constituted by a coupled transmission line. As a result, the size of the circuit can be significantly reduced.

The first to third capacitors 58, 59, 6
By further increasing the capacitance value of 0, the coupling transmission line length can be further reduced.

As described above, the 180 ° according to the present embodiment is used.
According to the phase shifter, the capacitance added as the first to third capacitors compensates for the electrical length of the first to fourth coupled transmission lines, so that the circuit is configured with coupled transmission lines shorter than a quarter wavelength. Thus, it is possible to provide a 180 ° phase shifter having a small size and wide frequency characteristics.

FIG. 5 shows one embodiment according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows a circuit configuration of an 80 ° phase shifter. The 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment is composed of two sets of coupled transmission lines shorter than の wavelength of the working frequency, and each pair of coupled transmission lines is connected to each other via a capacitance at their ends. And are grounded. According to the second embodiment, since the grounding at the tip of the coupled transmission line and the grounding on the capacitor side are commonly performed in the circuit configuration of the 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment, the microwave The present invention can be applied to an integrated circuit (MIC) and a single plane circuit.

The 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment includes first to fourth coupled transmission lines 74, 75, 76, 77 shorter than １ ／ wavelength of the working frequency, and an unbalanced signal input terminal 7
1, first and second balanced signal output terminals 72 and 73,
And first to third capacitors 78, 79, and 80.

The first coupled transmission line 74 is connected at its first end 74a to the unbalanced signal input terminal 71,
Further, it is connected to the first end 76a of the third coupled transmission line 76 via the first capacitor 78. Further, the first coupled transmission line 74 is connected at a second end 74 b thereof to a first end 75 a of the second coupled transmission line 75.

The second coupled transmission line 75 has a second end 7a of the first coupled transmission line 74 at a first end 75a.
4b, and at the second end 75b thereof, to the second end 77b of the fourth coupled transmission line 77 via the second capacitor 79.

The third coupled transmission line 76 is grounded at its first end 76a, and further has its second end 76b connected to the first end 77a of the fourth coupled transmission line 77 and the fourth end. It is connected through three capacitors 80 and is connected to a first balanced signal output terminal 72.

The fourth coupled transmission line 77 is connected at its first end 77a to the second end 76b of the third coupled transmission line 76 via the third capacitor 80, and Is connected to the balanced signal output terminal 73 of the first embodiment. The fourth coupled transmission line 77 is further grounded at its second end 77b.

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to this embodiment, the signal given from the unbalanced signal input terminal 71 is
Balanced signal output terminal 72 and second balanced signal output terminal 73
And is output with power equal to The phase difference between the signals output from the two balanced signal output terminals 72 and 73 is 18
0 °.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 74, 75,
76, 77 characteristic impedance and line length, and
The capacitances of the first to third capacitors 78, 79, 80 are set so as to satisfy the above unbalanced-balanced conversion characteristics.

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment, the added capacitances 78, 79, 80 compensate for the electrical length of the first to fourth coupled transmission lines 74, 75, 76, 77. A 180 ° phase shifter circuit can be configured with a coupled transmission line shorter than 波長 wavelength. Therefore, it is small and has a wide frequency characteristic of 180.
° Phase shifters can be provided.

Next, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, an 18
A specific configuration example when the 0 ° phase shifter is applied to a microwave integrated circuit (MIC) will be described.

FIG. 6 shows a case where a 180 ° circuit composed of a multilayer film circuit board is used.
FIG. 7 is a plan view (FIG. 6A) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 6B) of the phase shifter as viewed from the upper surface side.

This multilayer circuit board is formed of a dielectric layer such as polyimide having a back surface as a ground electrode. First, the third and fourth coupled transmission lines 7 are formed on the first polyimide substrate 82 on which the back surface electrode is formed by metallizing the back surface.
6, 77 patterns are formed.

The third coupled transmission line 76 has one end 76 thereof.
3A, the first polyimide substrate 82 is electrically connected to the back electrode via the first through-hole electrode 85 formed on the first polyimide substrate 82 and is grounded. The other end 76b is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal 72. .

The fourth coupled transmission line 77 has one end 77
At a, it is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal 3, and at the other end 77b, it is electrically connected to the back electrode via the second through-hole electrode 86 formed on the first polyimide substrate 82 and is grounded. .

Next, an oxide dielectric such as SiO ₂ or a high dielectric such as STO (SrTiO ₃ ) is deposited and etched so as to straddle the third coupled transmission line 76 and the fourth coupled transmission line 77. To form a capacitor layer 80 as a third capacitor, and further form an electrode 87 thereon by gold plating.

Next, the second polyimide substrate 82
Is formed.

Third and fourth coupled transmission lines 76 and 77
At the ground end position, third and fourth through-hole electrodes 83 and 84 are formed in the polyimide layer 81, and the third and fourth coupled transmission lines 76 and 77 are formed through these through-hole electrodes 83 and 84. To the first and second coupled transmission lines 74 and 75, respectively.

An oxide film dielectric such as SiO ₂ or STO is formed on these through-hole electrodes 83 and 84.
Capacitor layers 78 and 79 as first and second capacitors are formed by depositing and etching a high dielectric substance such as (SrTiO ₃ ).

Next, the first and second coupling transmission lines 74 and 75 are formed on the surface of the second polyimide layer 81 by gold plating.

The first coupling transmission line 74 has one end 74 thereof.
At a, it is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal 71, and further connected to the ground end of the third coupled transmission line 76 via the capacitor layer 78 as the first capacitor and the third through-hole electrode 83. Further, the first coupled transmission line 74 is connected at another end 74b to one end 75a of the second coupled transmission line 75. The other end 75b of the second coupled transmission line 75 is connected to the ground terminal of the fourth coupled transmission line 77 via a capacitor layer 79 as a second capacitor and a fourth through-hole electrode 84.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 74, 75,
76, 77 characteristic impedance and electrical length, and
The capacitances of the first to third capacitors 78, 79, 80 are calculated by the above equation (1) as in the first embodiment.

The characteristics of the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment are excellent over a wide band just like the first embodiment, and the added capacitance compensates for the electrical length of the coupled transmission line. The length can be reduced, and the size of the circuit can be reduced.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a 180 ° phase shifter according to a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a 180 ° phase shifter according to the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a case where the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment is configured on a single plane substrate. Here is an example. FIG. 8A is a plan view when viewed from above, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view.

As shown in FIG. 7, 18 according to the present embodiment,
The 0 ° phase shifter includes first to fourth coupled transmission lines 94, 95, 96, 97 shorter than １ ／ wavelength of the used frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal 91, and first and second balanced transmission lines. The signal output terminals 92 and 93 and the first capacitors 98, 99 and 10
0, the second capacitors 101, 102 and 103, and the third capacitor 104.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 94, 95,
Reference numerals 96 and 97 all have substantially the same shape. For example, the third coupled transmission line 107 has a linear base 96.
a and a first extension 96b and a second extension 96c having the same length and extending in the same direction from both ends of the base 96a, and have a generally U-shaped shape as a whole. .

As shown in FIG. 7, the first and third coupled transmission lines 94 and 96 have their first and second extension portions 94 and 96 respectively.
The second and fourth coupled transmission lines 95, 97 have their first and second extensions 95b, 97b, 95c, 97c so that b, 96b, 94c, 96c are staggered.
Are arranged so as to face each other alternately.

The first and second coupled transmission lines 94, 95 are coupled to each other at their bases 94a, 95a,
It has an integral structure.

The first coupled transmission line 94 is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal 91 at its first extension 94b, the third coupled transmission line 96 is grounded at its base 96a, and One extension part 96b and the second extension part 9
6c are electrically connected to each other at their tips. Further, the second extension portion 9 of the third coupled transmission line 96
6c is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal 92.
The fourth coupling transmission line 97 is grounded at its base 97a, and its first extension 97b and second extension 97c are electrically connected to each other. The second end 97c of the fourth coupled transmission line 97 is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal 93.

Each of the first extension portions 94b and 96b and the second extension portions 94c and 96c of the first coupling transmission line 94 and the third coupling transmission line 96 are composed of three capacitors 98 and 99 constituting a first capacitor. , 100 are connected to each other.

Similarly, each of the first extension portions 95b and 97b and the second extension portions 95c and 76c of the second coupled transmission line 95 and the fourth coupled transmission line 97 are composed of three capacitors constituting a second capacitor. They are interconnected via 101, 102 and 103.

The second extension portions 96 c and 97 c of the third coupled transmission line 96 and the fourth coupled transmission line 97 are connected to each other via a third capacitor 104.

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment, the signal supplied from the unbalanced signal input terminal 91 is the first signal.
Balanced signal output terminal 92 and second balanced signal output terminal 93
And is output with power equal to The phase difference between the signals output from the two balanced signal output terminals 92 and 93 is 18
0 °.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 94, 95,
96, 97 characteristic impedance and line length, and
First to third capacitors 98, 99, 100; 10
The capacitances of 1, 102, 103 and 104 are set so as to satisfy the above unbalanced-balanced conversion characteristics.

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the present embodiment, the added first to third capacitors 98, 99, 1
00; 101, 102, 103 and 104 compensate the electrical lengths of the first to fourth coupled transmission lines 94, 95, 96 and 97.
° The circuit of the phase shifter can be configured, and the circuit can be downsized. Therefore, it is possible to provide a 180 ° phase shifter that is small and has wideband frequency characteristics.

Furthermore, since the coupling transmission line for inputting the unbalanced signal and the coupling transmission line for outputting the balanced signal can be formed on a single plane substrate, the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced, and furthermore, Cost reduction can be achieved.

Next, the 180 according to the third embodiment is described.
° A specific configuration example of the phase shifter will be described. As shown in FIG. 8, a Teflon substrate 107 on which a back surface is metallized for grounding and a back surface electrode is formed is disposed on a housing 120. On the surface of the Teflon substrate 107, first to fourth coupled transmission lines 94, 95, 96, 97, one unbalanced signal input terminal 91, and two balanced signal output terminals 92, 93 are arranged. I have.

In order to obtain a tight coupling, each coupled transmission line 9
The patterns of 4, 95, 96, and 97 are formed in a U shape,
Each line is interdigitated to form an inter-digital type.

The bases 94a and 95a of the first and second coupled transmission lines 94 and 95 are connected to each other. Therefore, the first and second coupled transmission lines 94 and 95 have a shape of “D” as a whole.

The first coupled transmission line 94 is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal 91 at the first extension part 94b and the second extension part 94c.
8, 99, and 100 are connected to the base 96a of the third coupled transmission line 96. The base 96a of the third coupling transmission line 96 is grounded by being electrically connected to the back surface electrode via the first through-hole electrode 108 formed on the Teflon substrate 107.

Similarly, the second coupled transmission line 95 is connected to the base 97a of the fourth coupled transmission line 97 via the chip capacitors 101, 102 and 103 at the first extension 95b and the second extension 95c. It is connected. The base 97a of the fourth coupling transmission line 97 is a Teflon substrate 107
Is electrically connected to the back surface electrode via the second through-hole electrode 109 formed in the second contact hole, thereby being grounded.

First extension section 96 of third coupled transmission line 96
b and the second extension portion 96c are wire-bonded 105
Similarly, the first extension 97b and the second extension 97c of the fourth coupled transmission line 97 are interconnected via the wire-bonding 106. The second extension 96c of the third coupled transmission line 96 is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal 92,
The second balanced signal output terminal 93 is connected via a chip capacitor 104 to the second extension 97c of the fourth coupled transmission line 97 to which the second balanced signal output terminal 93 is connected.

The first to fourth coupled transmission lines 94, 95,
96, 97 characteristic impedance and line length, and
First to third capacitors 98, 99, 100; 10
The capacitances of 1, 102, 103 and 104 are set so as to satisfy the above unbalanced-balanced conversion characteristics.

In the above-described first and second embodiments, the circuit is formed using the multilayer circuit board. Therefore, the coupled transmission line for inputting the unbalanced signal and the coupled transmission line for outputting the balanced signal are separated into upper and lower separate transmission lines. Were arranged in layers. According to the first and second embodiments, the circuit area can be significantly reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

[0126]

According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the first to fifth aspects, the added capacitor compensates for the electrical length of the coupled transmission line, so that the combined capacitor can reduce the length of the coupled transmission line shorter than 1/4 wavelength.
A circuit of an 80 ° phase shifter can be formed, and a 180 ° phase shifter having a small size and wide frequency characteristics can be provided.

The same effect can be achieved by the 180 ° phase shifter according to claims 6 to 10. According to the 180 ° phase shifter according to the eleventh to fifteenth aspects, the coupling transmission line for inputting the unbalanced signal and the coupling transmission line for outputting the balanced signal can be formed on a single planar substrate. In addition to the effect described above, the effect that the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of manufacturing steps can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a 180 ° phase shifter according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a specific example when the 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment of the present invention is configured by a multilayer substrate (FIG. 3);
(A)) and a sectional view (FIG. 3 (B)).

FIG. 4A is a graph showing a frequency-amplitude difference characteristic of the 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 4B is a 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment; FIG. 4C is a graph showing the frequency-pass loss characteristic of the 180 ° phase shifter according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a 180 ° phase shifter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view (FIG. 6A) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 6B) showing a specific example when the 180 ° phase shifter according to the second embodiment of the present invention is configured by a multilayer film circuit. ).

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a 180 ° phase shifter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view (FIG. 8A) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 8) showing a specific example of a 180 ° phase shifter according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
(B)).

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a conventional 180 ° phase shifter.

FIG. 10 is a plan view (FIG. 10A) and a cross-sectional view (FIG. 10B) of an example in which a conventional 180 ° phase shifter is configured by a multilayer substrate.
It is.

11A is a graph showing a frequency-amplitude difference characteristic of the 180 ° phase shifter shown in FIG. 10; FIG. 11B is a graph showing a frequency-amplitude characteristic of the 180 ° phase shifter shown in FIG. 10; FIG. 11C is a graph showing a phase difference characteristic, and FIG. 11C is a graph showing a frequency-pass loss characteristic of the 180 ° phase shifter shown in FIG.

FIG. 12A is a circuit diagram of a 180 ° phase shifter according to a second conventional example, and FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view thereof.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a third conventional 180 ° phase shifter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 51, 71, 91 Unbalanced signal input terminal 52, 72, 92 First balanced signal output terminal 53, 73, 93 Second balanced signal output terminal 54, 74, 94 First coupled transmission line 55, 75, 95 Second coupled transmission line 56, 76, 96 Third coupled transmission line 57, 77, 97 Fourth coupled transmission line 58, 78 First capacitor 59, 79 Second capacitor 60, 80 Third capacitor 61 Upper layer Teflon substrate 62 Lower layer Teflon substrate 63, 64, 65, 66 Through-hole electrode 67, 68 Grounding electrode 69 Case 81 Second polyimide layer 82 First polyimide substrate 83, 84, 85, 86 Through-hole electrode 87 Electrode 98, 99, 100 First capacitor 101, 102, 103 Second capacitor 104 Third capacitor 105, 106 Bond Nguwaiya 107 Teflon substrate 109 through-hole electrode 120 housing

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-8-265048 (JP, A) JP-A-7-38368 (JP, A) JP-A-8-222904 (JP, A) JP-A-7-263901 (JP, A) , A) Actually open 48-108538 (JP, U) Actually open 7-42969 (JP, U) Actually open 49-72139 (JP, U) Actually open 48-78055 (JP, U) 41-15661 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01P 1/18

Claims (12)

(57) [Claims] A first to fourth coupled transmission line shorter than a quarter wavelength of an operating frequency; an unbalanced signal input terminal; first and second balanced signal output terminals; A phase shifter comprising: a first coupling transmission line connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal at a first end thereof, and via the first capacitor. At its second end, and is connected to the first end of the second coupled transmission line, and the second coupled transmission line has, at its second end, The third coupled transmission line is grounded via a second capacitor, the third coupled transmission line is grounded at a first end thereof, and the first coupled transmission line is further coupled to the first coupled transmission line at a second end thereof. And an end connected through the third capacitor, and The fourth coupled transmission line is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal at a first end thereof, and is further grounded at the second end thereof. 180 ° with the structure being
Phase shifter. 2. A first to fourth coupled transmission line having a wavelength shorter than 使用 wavelength of a working frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal, first and second balanced signal output terminals, and a first to third balanced signal output terminals. A 180 ° phase shifter comprising: a capacitor, an upper substrate, and a lower substrate having a back surface electrode formed on the back surface, wherein the third and fourth coupled transmission lines are respectively patterned on the lower substrate. The third coupled transmission line is connected at a first end thereof to the back electrode via a first through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate, and further comprises a second coupling transmission line. An end connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, and connected to a first end of the fourth coupled transmission line via the third capacitor; The line is connected at its first end to the second flat A signal output terminal, further connected at a second end thereof to the back electrode via a second through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate, wherein the upper substrate is on the lower substrate The first and second coupled transmission lines are respectively patterned on the upper substrate so as to overlap with the patterns of the third and fourth coupled transmission lines when viewed from above. The first coupled transmission line is connected at its first end to the unbalanced signal input terminal, and is grounded via the first capacitor, and further at its second end. The second coupled transmission line is connected to a first end of the second coupled transmission line, and has a structure in which the second coupled transmission line is grounded at the second end via the second capacitor. 180 ° Phase vessel. 3. The device according to claim 2, further comprising a housing in which a cavity having the same size as the lower substrate is formed, wherein the lower substrate is accommodated inside the cavity. 180 ° phase shifter. 4. The upper substrate is provided with a grounding electrode at each of the first and second ends, and the grounding electrode is provided via a through-hole electrode formed in the upper substrate. 4. The 180 ° phase shifter according to claim 3, wherein the phase shifter is connected to the housing and connected to the first and second capacitors, respectively. 5. 5. A first to fourth coupled transmission line shorter than a quarter wavelength of a working frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal, first and second balanced signal output terminals, and a first to third balanced transmission line. A phase shifter comprising: a first coupling transmission line connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal at a first end thereof, and via the first capacitor. Connected to a first end of the third coupled transmission line, and further connected at a second end thereof to a first end of the second coupled transmission line; The line has a second end connected to the second end of the fourth coupled transmission line via the second capacitor, and the third coupled transmission line has a first end. And at the second end thereof, the fourth coupling The first end of the transmission line is connected via the third capacitor, and is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, the fourth coupled transmission line, at its first end , The second balanced signal output terminal, and further,
At its second end, a 180 ° phase shifter that is grounded. 6. A first to fourth coupled transmission line having a wavelength shorter than a quarter wavelength of an operating frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal, first and second balanced signal output terminals, and a first to third balanced signal output terminals. A 180 ° phase shifter comprising: a capacitor, an upper substrate, and a lower substrate having a back surface electrode formed on the back surface, wherein the third and fourth coupled transmission lines are respectively patterned on the lower substrate. And the third coupled transmission line is connected at a first end thereof to the back electrode via a first through-hole electrode formed in the lower substrate, and further includes a second coupling transmission line. At an end, the fourth balanced transmission line is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, and the fourth coupled transmission line is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal at a first end of the fourth coupled transmission line. At two ends, formed on the lower substrate Connected to the back electrode via a second through-hole electrode, a capacitor layer as the third capacitor connecting the third and fourth coupling transmission lines is formed on the third and fourth coupling transmission lines, The upper substrate includes a dielectric layer formed on the lower substrate, and the first and second coupled transmission lines are patterned on the upper substrate, respectively, and the first and second coupled transmission lines are formed on the upper substrate. The line is electrically connected to the third and fourth coupled transmission lines via third and fourth through-hole electrodes formed in the upper substrate, respectively, and the line is provided on the third and fourth through-holes. Capacitor layers are respectively formed as first and second capacitors, and the first coupling transmission line is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal at a first end thereof, and is connected to the first capacitor. Connected to a first end of the third coupled transmission line via a path, and further connected to a first end of the second coupled transmission line at a second end thereof; A 180 ° phase shifter having a structure in which a second coupled transmission line is connected at a second end thereof to the second end of the fourth coupled transmission line via the second capacitor. 7. The 180 ° phase shifter according to claim 6, further comprising an electrode formed on a capacitor layer as the third capacitor. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the upper substrate and the lower substrate are made of Teflon or polyimide.
0 ° phase shifter. 9. A first to fourth coupled transmission line shorter than a quarter wavelength of a working frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal, first and second balanced signal output terminals, and a first to third balanced signal output terminals. Wherein the first to fourth coupled transmission lines comprise a base, and first and second extension parts extending in the same direction from both ends of the base. The second and fourth coupled transmission lines have their first and second extensions such that the first and third coupled transmission lines have their first and second extensions alternately opposed. Wherein the first and second coupled transmission lines are coupled to each other at their bases, and wherein the first coupled transmission line has, at its first extension,
The third coupled transmission line is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal, the base thereof is grounded at its base, the first extension part and the second extension part are electrically connected to each other, and A second extension unit connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, the fourth coupled transmission line is grounded at a base thereof, and the first extension unit and the second extension unit are electrically connected to each other; And the second end thereof is connected to the second balanced signal output terminal, and each of the first extension portions of the first coupled transmission line and the third coupled transmission line and The second extension unit is connected to each other via the first capacitor, and each of the first extension unit and the second extension unit of the second coupled transmission line and the fourth coupled transmission line is the second extension unit. Are connected to each other through a capacitor of Coupling the second decompression unit each of the transmission lines and said fourth coupling transmission line is 180 ° phase shifter having the structure are connected to each other via the third capacitor. 10. A first to fourth coupled transmission lines shorter than a quarter wavelength of a working frequency, an unbalanced signal input terminal,
First and second balanced signal output terminals, first to third capacitors, a substrate having a back surface electrode formed on the back surface,
A 180 ° phase shifter comprising: the first to fourth coupled transmission lines; the unbalanced signal input terminal; the first and second balanced signal output terminals; Wherein the first to fourth coupled transmission lines include a base, and first and second extending portions extending in the same direction from both ends of the base, The second and fourth coupled transmission lines have staggered first and second extensions such that the first and third coupled transmission lines have staggered first and second extensions. The first and second coupled transmission lines are coupled to each other at their bases, and the first coupled transmission line is, at its first extension,
The third coupled transmission line is connected to the unbalanced signal input terminal, and at a base thereof, the first extension unit and the second extension unit are electrically connected to each other, and The extension portion is connected to the first balanced signal output terminal, and the fourth coupling transmission line has, at its base, the back electrode via a second through-hole electrode formed in the substrate. Connected, the first extension part and the second extension part are electrically connected to each other, and at a second end thereof, connected to the second balanced signal output terminal; The first extension and the second extension of the transmission line and the third coupling transmission line are connected to each other via the first capacitor, and the second coupling transmission line and the fourth coupling Each first extension and second extension of the transmission line is The second extension portions of the third coupled transmission line and the fourth coupled transmission line are interconnected via the second capacitor. 180 ° phase shifter having structure. 11. The 180 ° phase shifter according to claim 9, wherein each of the second and third capacitors comprises a plurality of capacitors. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each of the first extension part and the second extension part of the second coupled transmission line and the fourth coupled transmission line are connected via a bonding wire. Or the 180 ° phase shifter according to 11.