JP3011333B1 - Large oversized garbage automatic processing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a large-sized large-sized automatic garbage processing apparatus that automatically identifies a garbage supplied to a supply conveyor or garbage supplied to a roll feeder and automatically performs an appropriate operation. SOLUTION: A crusher 3 having an input hopper 2, a supply conveyor 1 for supplying dust to the input hopper, and a roll feeder 4 provided in the input hopper and having an adjustable opening degree, are provided to scan the upper surface of the supply conveyor in the width direction. Conveyor 1 by a distance sensor 6 such as a laser scanning distance sensor
The size of the garbage conveyed is determined to identify the large sized garbage, the hopper distance sensor 7 identifies the large sized garbage from the outline of the garbage staying in the input hopper 2, and based on these large sized garbage identification information. Then, the operation of the supply conveyor 1 and the opening of the roll feeder 4 are adjusted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a large-sized large-sized garbage disposal apparatus for supplying wastes including industrial wastes and general household large-sized garbage for recycling valuable resource garbage, crushing them together, and performing pretreatment for sorting and collection. More particularly, the present invention relates to a large-sized large-size garbage automatic processing apparatus capable of automatically operating a supply conveyor and a roll feeder for supplying trash to a large-sized large-size trash crushing apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to recycle valuable resource waste, prior to the sorting and collection of iron and aluminum, industrial waste such as waste automobiles, construction materials, business machines, and large electrical products mixed with the collected waste is collected. In addition, a process of crushing bulky household garbage, such as a refrigerator, a washing machine, and a television set, into a similar size is required. When processing large garbage with the crushing equipment, the equipment will not function properly unless the feed rate to the crusher is slowed down and crushed little by little or the input of other garbage is not suppressed until the processing of large garbage is completed. In some cases, it disappeared.

Further, if large dust is clogged in the inlet, the operation is stopped and the large dust is manually pushed in or removed to recover the waste. I couldn't. Therefore, in order to operate the crushing equipment efficiently, the operator manually monitors when an abnormality is found while monitoring the stagnation or the arrival of large and large garbage at the input port with the video of the TV camera installed at the input port of the crusher. Appropriate raw material input was performed, and such manual operation required skill.

In order to improve the operation efficiency by omitting such manual work, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-38151 discloses a method in which a microwave-type level meter is installed at an input port to prevent the raw material from moving. A method is disclosed for detecting the presence of an object and controlling the operating speed of a dosing conveyor. In this method, it is necessary to arrange a plurality of sensors side by side. However, there is a limit to the interval between the sensors to prevent interference between the sensors. is there.

In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-143555, a light emitting device and a light receiving device arranged in a matrix are paired and installed on the side of a loading conveyor. A method for estimating a speed and automating a waste feeding operation is disclosed. in this way,
It is not possible to distinguish between a large pile of garbage and large piles of garbage, and it is difficult to accurately predict a biting abnormality caused by large garbage, and stable operation cannot be performed. Further, since the sensor must be installed near the waste flow line, erroneous detection due to contamination or damage of the sensor is likely to occur.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a large-sized apparatus for automatically discriminating refuse supplied to a supply conveyor or refuse supplied to a roll feeder and appropriately operating the refuse. An object of the present invention is to provide an oversized trash automatic processing apparatus.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a large-sized and large-sized automatic garbage disposal apparatus according to the present invention comprises a crusher having an input hopper, a supply conveyor for supplying trash to the input hopper, and an input hopper. In a dust crusher equipped with a roll feeder that is provided and whose degree of opening can be adjusted, the size of the dust conveyed by the supply conveyor is determined to identify the large and large dust, and the large and coarse dust is identified from the outline of the dust remaining in the input hopper. The method is characterized in that dust is identified, and the operation of the supply conveyor and the opening of the roll feeder are adjusted based on the large-sized and large-sized dust identification information.

[0008] According to the automatic large-sized garbage processing apparatus of the present invention, the large-sized garbage contained in the garbage supplied to the garbage crushing apparatus is detected before being put into the crusher, the supply amount is adjusted, and the roll feeder is adjusted. The large garbage thrown into the input hopper is adjusted by the opening of the hopper, and the garbage crusher can maintain stable automatic operation because the roll feeder can surely bite the large garbage and supply it to the crusher in an appropriate amount. And efficient processing can be performed.

It is to be noted that a distance sensor is provided above the supply conveyor to measure the distance to the upper surface of the dust conveyed by the supply conveyor. It is possible to distinguish large and coarse dust from the size of a plane existing at a position higher than a predetermined height. The distance sensor used here may be a laser scan type distance sensor that scans the upper surface of the supply conveyor in the width direction. Since this method can detect the presence of large bulky dust based on simple measurement logic using relatively simple sensors, an economical measurement system can be assembled.

[0010] Further, by providing a distance sensor above the input hopper and measuring the distance between the upper surface and the wall surface of the dust remaining in the input hopper, large and large dust can be identified. As this distance sensor, one or more laser scan distance sensors that scan the inside of the input hopper in a direction perpendicular to the wall can be used. Needless to say, even if a two-dimensional scanning type distance sensor is used, the purpose is achieved.

Further, a force sensor for detecting the pressing pressure of the roll feeder may be provided, and the opening of the roll feeder may be adjusted according to the output of the force sensor. By adjusting the opening of the roll feeder so that the pressing pressure does not exceed the set value, continuous operation can be performed while avoiding stoppage or failure of the device due to overload.

Further, by adjusting the speed of the supply conveyor and the opening degree of the roll feeder by fuzzy control based on a plurality of fuzzy rules, a stable operation technique acquired by a skilled operator is realized, and labor saving of the crushing processing equipment is realized. And efficient operation becomes possible.

[0013]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus for automatically treating large-sized garbage according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a large-sized and large-sized automatic garbage processing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a control system thereof. The dust processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a rotary crusher 3 having an input hopper 2, a supply conveyor 1 for supplying dust to the input hopper 2, and a roll feeder 4 provided in the input hopper.

Dust is conveyed from a supply pit 5 (not shown) by a supply conveyor 1, dropped into a charging hopper 2, accumulated, and sent to a crusher 3 while adjusting a supply amount by a roll feeder 4. The refuse is crushed to an appropriate size by the crusher 3 and sent to the next processing step. Even small amounts of small garbage do not exceed the crushing capability, and can be processed and sent out smoothly. However, it takes time to crush large bulky garbage such as end-of-life vehicles, construction equipment, commercial machines, refrigerators, washing machines, and television sets. And the clogging device must be stopped.

Therefore, conventionally, an operator monitors the condition in the loading hopper 2 and adjusts the speed by manually reducing or stopping the speed of the supply conveyor 1 when large and large dust is caught. Therefore, an operator who constantly monitors the operation state is required. Further, once the operation is stopped due to the clogging of large and large garbage, a lot of trouble and time are required for the removal work.

The roll feeder 4 in the charging hopper 2 is adjusted by adjusting the distance from the wall 21 of the charging hopper 2, that is, the degree of opening, and is rotated while pressing dust to be crushed by the pressing pressure of the roll feeder 4. It is compressed to a predetermined thickness and supplied to the crusher 3 by a predetermined amount. The opening degree of the roll feeder 4 is preferably adjusted by estimating the load remaining capacity of the crusher 3 from the load current of the crusher 3 or the like.
When large and large garbage arrives, the roll feeder 4 must be opened to a large degree so that the roll feeder 4 is sufficiently separated from the wall so that the garbage can be trapped. Further, when the bulky dust is too strong, the roll feeder 4 may stop. Therefore, when large and large garbage is thrown in, the operator increases the opening of the roll feeder 4 or repeats the forward / reverse rotation of the roll feeder 4,
This situation is avoided.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an attached state of the conveyor distance sensor. In the large-sized and large-sized garbage automatic processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a conveyor distance sensor 6 is provided above the supply conveyor 1, and the outline of the garbage that is scanned and conveyed in the width direction of the supply conveyor 1 is conveyed. Is detected, and this information is integrated with the speed of the supply conveyor 1 to identify dust being conveyed. As the conveyor distance sensor 6, a laser scanning distance sensor may be used.

A conveyor control device 11 for controlling the speed of the supply conveyor 1 inputs distance information to a contour on the conveyor obtained by scanning in the width direction of the supply conveyor 1 with the conveyor distance sensor 6, and adjusts the distance to the conveyor speed. Then, the distance information for each predetermined moving interval is selected, integrated and processed, the three-dimensional shape of the dust is estimated, and the coarse dust is detected. Instead of using the one-way scanning laser sensor as described above, a two-dimensional scanning sensor may be used as the conveyor distance sensor 6.

The following procedure can be used as a simple determination method. A portion having a predetermined height or more is cut out from the output of the conveyor distance sensor 6, a distance signal of the portion is differentiated, and a portion where the rate of change is smaller than a certain threshold is extracted. Then, it is possible to extract a portion having a height equal to or more than a predetermined value and having a plane portion. By superimposing such extracted portions in the direction of travel of the conveyor, a planar image 12 showing the extracted portion as illustrated in FIG. 4 is obtained, and the area of a continuous region in the image is obtained. It is estimated that it is large garbage such as refrigerators and chests. A portion having a small area can be ignored as noise.

Although most large and coarse dusts have a flat portion such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a small portion of the dust often has a flat portion having a large area. Estimation of the presence of dust rarely results in false detection. In this way, it is possible to detect that large garbage has been conveyed into the supply conveyor 1, so that when the large garbage is put into the input hopper 2, the feed speed of the supply conveyor 1 is automatically reduced by the conveyor control device 11. Further, the opening degree of the roll feeder 4 can be increased by the feeder opening control device 13 so that the feed hopper 2 is not clogged.

FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the state of attachment of the hopper distance sensor. In the large-sized and large-sized garbage automatic processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
A hopper distance sensor 7 is installed above the hopper, scans in the traveling direction of the dust, detects the contour of the dust accumulated in the supply hopper 2, and estimates the amount of stagnation. As the hopper distance sensor 7, a laser scanning distance sensor may be used. Also, a plurality of sensors can be provided side by side to improve the measurement accuracy.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for judging oversized dust using the hopper distance sensor 7. As shown in FIG. 6, the determination of the large and large refuse remaining in the charging hopper 2 can be performed based on the wall surface 21 of the charging hopper 2. The position of the wall surface 21 of the charging hopper can be clearly known from the distance measurement result when the charging hopper 2 is empty.

The posture of the large garbage introduced from the supply conveyor 1 to the hopper 2 is not fixed, but is turned upside down or changes in vertical and horizontal directions. Therefore, when the distance between the top surface and the wall surface of the garbage is larger than a predetermined value, the coarse garbage is coarse. It is determined that there is a possibility of dust, and if a region whose height level exceeds a predetermined value exceeds a predetermined length level from the position of the roll feeder 4 along the wall 21 of the loading hopper, it is determined that the dust is oversized. In this manner, the state of staying in the input hopper 2 can be detected with high accuracy regardless of the input position of the bulky dust.

If a large amount of dust stays in the input hopper 2 or if large trash is clogged, the hopper distance sensor 7
The conveyor control device 11 and the feeder opening degree control device 13 which have received the output signals automatically slow down the feed speed of the supply conveyor 1 and increase the opening degree of the roll feeder 4. The feeder opening control device 13 generates an instruction signal for designating the opening of the roll feeder 4 and transmits it to a drive device of a roll feeder opening / closing mechanism that adjusts the distance between the rotation axis of the roll feeder 4 and the wall 21 of the loading hopper. To control the opening.

When processing large-sized and large-sized dust, as shown in FIG. 7, first, the opening of the roll feeder 4 is increased by a roll feeder opening / closing mechanism (not shown) to sandwich the large dust and feeder rotation control. The roll feeder 4 is rotated by the device 15 and fed at a predetermined speed. The large dust is crushed by the pressing pressure of the roll feeder 4, and is extruded little by little into an appropriate thickness.

Since the load applied to the driving device of the roll feeder opening / closing mechanism is proportional to the pressure for pressing large and large dust,
The load measured by the force sensor 8 is fed back to the feeder opening control device 13, and if the load is larger than a predetermined value, the roll feeder opening is made larger, and if the load is smaller than the predetermined value, the roll feeder opening is made smaller. Further, the load current signal of the crusher 3 is transmitted to the feeder rotation control device 1.
The feed speed of the roll feeder 4 is adjusted so that the load of the crusher 3 does not exceed the rating in this state. If the load of the crusher 3 is excessive, it is necessary to suppress the supply of new garbage. If the capacity of the crusher 3 has sufficient capacity, the supply of garbage can be increased to increase the processing efficiency.
The load current signal of the crusher 3 is also transmitted to the conveyor control device 11 and is reflected in the control of the supply conveyor speed.

As described above, the conveyor control device 11, the feeder opening control device 13, and the feeder rotation control device 15
Based on the results obtained by taking in various variables related to dust supply in the supply conveyor 1, the input hopper 2, the crusher 3 and the like, and performing appropriate calculations, the speed of the supply conveyor 1, the opening of the roll feeder 4, the roll feeder, respectively. 4 is controlled. Each of these control devices can use a fuzzy control as a control method to imitate the operation of a skilled operator.

In the fuzzy control, for example, when the current of the crusher is small and the staying amount of the input hopper is small, the conveyor speed is increased to increase the supply amount. If the conveyor speed is medium or the crusher current is large and the conveyor speed is low, the conveyor speed will be maintained as it is.If the crusher current is small and the feeder opening is large, the feeder will be at a medium level. The opening degree is maintained as it is, and the fuzzy rule and the membership function verified by the implementation based on the know-how acquired by the operator, such as increasing the feeder opening degree when the amount of stay is large, are used.

In this way, the conveyor control device 11, the feeder opening control device 13, and the feeder rotation control device 15 perform control while interfering with each other, so that the crushing process of large garbage conventionally required the skill of a skilled operator. A large-sized and large-sized automatic garbage automatic processing apparatus that automatically performs the above-mentioned operations can be realized.

[0030]

As described above, the automatic operation apparatus for large and large-sized refuse according to the present invention can perform the same stable operation as in the case of a skilled operator even in the case of crushing trash mixed with large-sized and large refuse. Labor saving and efficiency can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment of an automatic large-sized / large-size trash disposal apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a control system according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a mounting state of a conveyor distance sensor used in the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a planar image according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an attachment state of a hopper distance sensor used in the present embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for determining large and large dust using the hopper distance sensor according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the roll feeder according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Supply conveyor 11 Conveyor control device 12 Plane image 13 Feeder opening degree control device 15 Feeder rotation control device 2 Input hopper 21 Input hopper wall surface 3 Rotary crusher 4 Roll feeder 5 Supply pit 6 Conveyor distance sensor 7 Hopper distance sensor 8 Force sensor

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Yoshiaki Kato 1780 Kamikono, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Yachiyo Plant (56) References JP-A-3-143555 (JP, A) JP-A Heihei 11-28377 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 23/00-23/02 B02C 25/00 B09B 5/00

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A dust crushing apparatus including a crusher having a charging hopper, a supply conveyor for supplying trash to the charging hopper, and a roll feeder provided in the charging hopper and having an adjustable degree of opening. The size of the incoming dust is determined to identify the large oversized dust, the large oversized dust is identified from the outline of the dust staying in the input hopper, and the operation of the supply conveyor and the operation of the roll feeder are performed based on the identification information. A large and large garbage automatic processing device characterized by adjusting the opening. 2. A distance sensor is provided above the supply conveyor to measure a distance to an upper surface of the garbage conveyed by the supply conveyor, and collectively measures a moving distance of the supply conveyor.
2. The large-sized and large-sized automatic garbage processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a large-sized / large-sized garbage is identified by determining a size of a plane having a predetermined height or more of an upper surface of the garbage. 3. The large-sized and large-sized automatic garbage processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the distance sensor is a laser-scan type distance sensor that scans the supply conveyor in a width direction. 4. A large size dust is identified by providing a distance sensor above the loading hopper and measuring a distance between an upper surface and a wall surface of the dust staying in the loading hopper. Item 2. An automatic large-sized garbage disposal apparatus according to Item 1. 5. The large-sized and large-sized automatic garbage processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the distance sensor is at least one laser-scanning distance sensor that scans the inside of the input hopper in a direction perpendicular to a wall. 6. The roll feeder according to claim 1, further comprising a force sensor for detecting a pressing pressure of the roll feeder, wherein the opening of the roll feeder is adjusted in accordance with an output of the force sensor. A large-sized oversized garbage automatic processing apparatus described in Crab. 7. The large-sized and large-sized garbage automatic processing according to claim 1, wherein the opening degree of the supply conveyor and the roll feeder is adjusted by fuzzy control based on a plurality of fuzzy rules. apparatus.