JP2891859B2 - High-rise building with smoke and fire escape facilities - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-rise building having a stairwell, and more particularly to a high-rise building having smoke exhaust and fire escape facilities.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional high-rise building, ventilation ventilation,
From the viewpoint of daylighting, evacuation in case of emergency, etc., there is a structure in which the central part of the building has an atrium structure. One example is disclosed in JP-A-63-1.
FIG. 8 shows a high-rise apartment house disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 14764. In this high-rise apartment building, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the lowermost floor is provided with a piloti (open-air space in which independent pillars supporting the building are lined up) 1 entirely open to the outside, This piloti 1
Is formed in the center part, which communicates with the uppermost floor. The atrium 2 is open to the outside through a roof opening 3. As shown in FIG. 8B, a predetermined number of living parts 6 are arranged around the corridor 5 around the atrium 2. Further, in a specific layer of the low-rise portion, openings 7 communicating from the outside to the blow-by portion 2 are respectively provided on all outer wall surfaces, and the wind entering from the windward-side opening 7 passes through the inside of the blow-by portion 2. It is designed to flow to the rooftop.

[0003]

In the case of a high-rise building such as a high-rise apartment building, it is important to consider how smoothly people in the building can evacuate to a safe place in the event of a fire. This is one of the important issues that must be considered when doing However, in the high-rise apartment building shown in Fig. 8, there is only an evacuation site on the rooftop and the lowermost floor, and there is no evacuation site on the middle floor. take time. Furthermore, although not shown, the high-rise apartment building merely has elevators and stairs for connecting each floor from the lowest floor to the highest floor in accordance with the Building Standard Law, and these elevators and stairs are related to evacuation. It is also used by people who do not have access to it, which causes congestion and makes it difficult for smooth evacuation.

In addition, recent fires are often accompanied by harmful smoke due to materials used for interior decorations such as buildings and curtains, so that they are seriously damaged by smoke and have a function of exhausting smoke. This is also an important design issue. In the above-mentioned conventional high-rise apartment building, smoke is exhausted by the stairwell 2 provided at the center, but this stairwell 2 penetrates the entire building from the lowest floor to the highest floor, so that smoke is It will be discharged to the outside through all the upper floors from the floor where it occurred. The smoke that rises from below may enter the middle floor, and people who are not related to the fire may be affected by the fire.

[0005] In addition to the high-rise apartment building shown in Fig. 8, in a conventional high-rise building, the fire extinguishing activity is performed on the ground, so that it is difficult to extinguish a fire on a high floor.

Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide an evacuation area on a middle floor of a high-rise building having a stairwell to facilitate evacuation in the event of a fire and to minimize the influence of a fire. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-rise building having smoke and fire evacuation facilities that can be kept at a minimum. It is another object of the present invention to provide a high-rise building having smoke exhaust and fire evacuation facilities capable of easily extinguishing fire even if a fire occurs on a high floor and preventing congestion at the time of evacuation.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a high-rise building according to claim 1 has a plurality of hierarchical units in which a plurality of layers are stacked, and each hierarchical unit has the lowest floor of the hierarchical unit. There is a ventilation area for smoke exhaust ventilation extending from the floor unit to the top floor of the floor unit, and the bottom floor of the floor unit of each floor unit is for evacuation where all outer wall surfaces are open to the outside and the above-mentioned ventilation section communicates with the outside. The uppermost floor of the hierarchical unit of each hierarchical unit has at least one smoke exhaust ventilation opening communicating with the atrium.
It is characterized by having it on two outer wall surfaces.

[0008] In the high-rise building according to the second aspect, each floor unit has an independent fire extinguishing facility on the lowest floor of the floor unit.

[0009] In the high-rise building according to the third aspect, the intermediate floor of each story unit has at least one outer wall surface for smoke exhaust ventilation communicating with the atrium.

[0010] In the high-rise building according to claim 4, apart from the stairs and the elevator equipment for connecting the floors from the lowest floor to the top floor, a communication means for connecting each floor in the floor unit is provided for each floor unit. Is provided.

[0011]

1 to 3 are conceptual diagrams of a high-rise building having a smoke exhaust and fire evacuation facility according to the present invention. The operation of the present invention will be described with reference to these drawings.

In the high-rise building according to the first aspect, FIG.
As shown in (a), two or more layer units are provided in which a plurality of layers are stacked. Each hierarchical unit U ₁ , U ₂ , U ₃ functions independently as follows.

As indicated by the arrows in the figure, outside air flows from the lowest floor of the hierarchical unit (FIG. 1 (b)), which serves as an evacuation piloti, to the stairwell. It is discharged to the outside through an opening provided on the outer wall surface of the top floor ((c) in FIG. 1). In this way, ventilation ventilation is performed on a hierarchical unit basis. FIG. 1 shows a state in which openings are formed in all four outer wall surfaces on the top floor of the hierarchical unit. However, the present invention can be achieved by forming openings in at least one outer wall surface.

[0014] Assuming that a fire in one of the lower hierarchy unit U ₁ has occurred, the temperature of the blow unit is increased, the smoke by the chimney effect increases the blow portion, hierarchical unit top floor of the opening Is discharged to the outside through
Blow part of the hierarchical unit U ₁ other hierarchical units U _2, U ₃
Because of the blow portions are not in communication with independent and smoke generated in the hierarchical unit U ₁ will not enter the blow portion of the other layers units. Also, the hierarchical unit U ₁ Uchinohito us, bottom floor or there is no need to evacuate until the top floor of the building, will be evacuated to the nearest escape piloti.

In the high-rise building according to the second aspect, since each of the story units U ₁ , U ₂ , U ₃ has an independent fire extinguishing facility, the fire extinguishing operation is performed in story units. Therefore, even if a fire occurs on the high floor of the building, the fire extinguishing operation can be quickly started, and the fire extinguishing work can be performed without difficulty. The term "fire extinguishing equipment" used herein includes various equipment necessary for fire extinguishing work, such as equipment such as hoses, fire extinguishing water tanks, hoses, pump rooms, and power rooms.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 2, the entire outer wall surface of the intermediate floor of the hierarchical unit except for the lowermost floor of the hierarchical unit and the uppermost floor of the hierarchical unit may be closed. However, in this case, since the stairwell of each hierarchical unit is closed by the floor of the hierarchy located above this hierarchical unit, light does not enter into the stairwell from above, and the stairwell is located at the middle floor of the hierarchical unit. The side darkens. Therefore, as in the high-rise building of claim 3, if an opening communicating with the atrium is provided on the outer wall surface at the middle floor of the hierarchy unit, similarly to the top floor of the hierarchy unit, the middle floor of the hierarchy unit is usually used. Not only can ventilation and ventilation be performed, but also lighting can be performed, so that the inside of the hierarchical unit becomes bright. When smoke is generated, the smoke is discharged from openings provided on each floor of the hierarchical unit.

In the high-rise building according to the fourth aspect, a communication means for connecting each floor of each hierarchical unit is provided separately from the stairs and the elevator equipment connecting each floor of the building. Stairs or elevator facilities connecting each floor can be used, and this means of communication for each hierarchical unit can be used for evacuation to the evacuation piloti. In this way, by using the two types of stairs and elevator equipment properly in emergency and at all times, congestion is prevented and evacuation can be performed smoothly, while the use of stairs and elevators by people unrelated to evacuation is secured. .

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a high-rise apartment building which is an embodiment of a high-rise building having a smoke exhaust and evacuation facility according to the present invention, and FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 each show V in FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line V, a line VI-VI, and a line VII-VII.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, this high-rise apartment building has a staircase 10 and an elevator 11 for connecting each floor from the lowest floor to the top floor of the building, and a staircase 10 and an intermediate floor from the lowest floor to the middle floor of the building. And two elevators 12 are provided. One of the two elevators 12 operates nonstop up to a predetermined floor. This building has a low-rise section L where an entrance hall 13 and a parking lot 14 are formed,
It is divided into a middle-rise section M in which the living part 16 is arranged around the atrium 15 and a high-rise section H mainly including only the living part 16 without the atrium 15, and the middle-rise section M is further divided into three hierarchical units U. It is divided into ₁ , U ₂ and U ₃ . The number of hierarchical units is not limited to three as in this embodiment,
It is set appropriately according to the number of floors of the building. Although only a part M of the building may be divided into hierarchical units as in the present embodiment, the entire building may be divided into hierarchical units.

Each of the hierarchical units U ₁ , U ₂ , and U ₃ is formed by stacking a plurality of layers, and has a central portion for smoke exhaust ventilation extending from the lowermost floor Fb of the hierarchical unit to the uppermost floor Ft of the hierarchical unit. Is formed. Each of the hierarchical units U ₁ , U ₂ , and U ₃ has, besides the central atrium 15, two lateral atriums 17, 17 extending from the lowest floor Fb to the highest floor Ft of the hierarchical unit ( 6 and 7). Further, each of the hierarchical units U ₁ , U ₂ , and U ₃ is provided with a stair 18 and an elevator (not shown) as communication means for communicating only the floors within the hierarchical unit, separately from the stairs 10 and the elevators 11 and 12. I have. Only the stairs 18 may be used.

As shown in FIG. 5, the lowermost floor Fb of each of the hierarchical units U ₁ , U ₂ , and U ₃ has no outer wall except for a part of the outer wall on the right side of the drawing. Is open to the outside, and a plurality of pillars 21 are provided on the floor 20 at predetermined intervals to form a blow-out space, that is, a piloti, which is a place for children to play and for communication between residents at all times. It is also used as an evacuation site in case of emergency such as fire. In other words, it is a piloty for evacuation. Further, the lowest floor Fb of each hierarchical unit is provided with a fire extinguishing system including a fire extinguishing tank 22, a pump room 23, a power room 24 for self-generated electricity, and other equipment such as hoses. Fire extinguishing activities can be performed independently for each hierarchical unit using equipment.

On the top floor Ft of each of the hierarchical units U ₁ , U ₂ and U ₃ , as shown in FIG.
A predetermined number of living portions 16 are arranged around the periphery of the vehicle 5 with a passage 26 therebetween. If the outer wall surfaces of this high-rise apartment building are represented by A, B, C, and D, respectively,
A total of three smoke exhaust ventilation openings 27 are provided on two opposing outer wall surfaces A and B (left and right sides in the drawing). The two openings 27 provided in the outer wall surface A are connected to the side airhole 17 and the passage 2.
6, the opening 27 provided in the outer wall surface B is connected to the central atrium 15 through a public space 28 and a passage 26.
Is in communication with As a result, as shown by the arrows in the figure, ventilation paths are formed from the central blow-off portion 15 to the openings 27, respectively. In this case, the openings 27 are provided on the opposing surfaces A and B, so that the wind passes well. In addition, 2
5 is a garbage storage.

The intermediate floor Fm between the lowermost floor Fb of the hierarchical unit and the uppermost floor Ft of the hierarchical unit has substantially the same configuration as the uppermost floor Ft of the hierarchical unit as shown in FIG. Instead, the living part 16 is formed, and there is no opening 27 in the outer wall surface B. Therefore, the ventilation path from the atrium 15 is different from the two opening portions 27 in the outer wall A only in that it is formed. . Instead of the hierarchical unit intermediate floor shown in FIG. 6, the uppermost hierarchical structure of the hierarchical unit shown in FIG. 7 can be used as the hierarchical structure of the hierarchical unit intermediate floor. Each hierarchical unit U ₁ , U ₂ ,
Hierarchical unit intermediate floor Fm in order to perform ventilation of the U _3, ventilation
It is not always necessary to provide the opening 27 on the outer wall surface of the floor unit. However, when the opening 27 is provided on each intermediate floor Fm of the hierarchical unit as in the present embodiment, ventilation and ventilation are performed on each floor in the hierarchical unit. In addition, lighting can be performed through the openings on each floor, so that the interior of the building becomes bright.

The openings 27 on the outer wall surfaces of the uppermost floor Ft of the hierarchical unit and the intermediate floor Fm of the hierarchical unit are provided on all of the outer wall surfaces A, B, C, and D in consideration of a change in wind direction. It is most effective in terms of ventilation and lighting, but it is sufficient if at least one surface is provided. Further, in this embodiment, two openings 27 are provided in the outer wall surface A, but the number of openings provided per one outer wall surface may be at least one.

In the high-rise apartment house constructed as described above, each story unit has independent ventilation, ventilation,
It has smoke emission and fire extinguishing functions.

First, with respect to ventilation and ventilation, outside air flows from the lowest floor Fb of the hierarchical unit, which is an evacuation piloti whose entire surface is open to the outside, to the blow-through part 15 at the center of the hierarchical unit as shown by arrows. Then, the air is discharged to the outside through the opening portion 15 through the opening 27 provided in the outer wall surface of the intermediate floor Fm of the hierarchical unit and the uppermost floor Ft of the hierarchical unit. In this way, ventilation ventilation is always performed for each hierarchical unit.

[0028] Assuming that a fire has occurred in any of floors in the hierarchy unit U _1, since the temperature in the center of the blow portion 15 is raised, smoke rises in the atrium portion 15 by the chimney effect, fire Is discharged to the outside through the opening 27 of the middle unit floor Fm and the top floor Ft of the hierarchical unit at or above the floor where the occurrence of. Since blow portion 15 of the hierarchy unit U ₁ is not communicated independent of the blow portion 15 of another layer units U _2, U _3, the smoke generated in the hierarchical unit U ₁ of another layer units blow It does not enter the part 15.

Further, since each hierarchical unit U ₁ , U ₂ , U ₃ has an independent fire extinguishing system, it is necessary to use the fire extinguishing system to extinguish a fire in each hierarchical unit. Can be. Therefore, even if a fire occurs on a high floor far from the ground, the fire extinguishing operation can be quickly started, and the fire extinguishing work can be performed without difficulty.

In the case of refuge, it is not necessary to evacuate to the lowest floor or the roof of the building, and it is sufficient to evacuate to the nearest evacuation piloti, so that the refuge can be made quickly. Moreover, in this embodiment, apart from the stairs 10 and the elevators 11 connecting each floor of the whole building and the elevators 12 connecting each floor to the middle floor, the stairs 18 and elevator equipment (not shown) for each hierarchical unit are provided. The stairs 10 or the elevators 11 and 12 can be used at all times, and the stairs 18 or the elevators of each hierarchical unit can be used for evacuation to the evacuation piloti. In this way, by using two types of stairs and elevator equipment for the whole building and for the floor unit in emergency and always, it is possible to prevent congestion at the time of evacuation and to make evacuation smooth, and The use of the stairs 10 and the elevators 11 and 12 by persons unrelated to the evacuation can be secured.

[0031]

As is clear from the above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of story units are provided in a high-rise building, and the lowest floor of each story unit, that is, the lowest floor of the story unit is used for evacuation. If a fire breaks out on one of the floors, people inside the high-rise building will not be forced to evacuate to the lowest floor or rooftop of the high-rise building, but will be able to access the nearest evacuation lot. It is only necessary to evacuate, and evacuation can be performed in a short time. Further, according to the present invention, a stairwell is provided for each hierarchy unit, and the stairwell of each hierarchy unit is separated from the stairwells of other hierarchy units, so that ventilation and ventilation are performed in units of the hierarchy unit. Even if a fire occurs in the floor unit, smoke is discharged from the smoke ventilation opening provided on the outer wall of the top floor of this floor unit.
It does not enter the stairwells of other hierarchical units. Therefore, there is almost no influence of smoke in the hierarchical units other than the hierarchical unit in which the fire has occurred.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since an independent fire extinguishing facility is provided for each hierarchical unit, even if a fire occurs on a higher floor, the fire extinguishing system can be promptly put into operation and fire extinguishing from the ground. Fire extinguishing work can be performed more easily than when performing activities.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the smoke exhaust ventilation opening is provided also on the outer wall surface of the middle floor of the hierarchical unit. More light can be taken into the building than when no opening is provided on the outer wall of the middle floor.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a communication means for each hierarchical unit is provided separately from the stairs and the elevator equipment for connecting the floors of the building, so that the stairs for connecting the floors of the building at all times. Or use elevator equipment,
By using this means of communication for each hierarchical unit for evacuation to the evacuation piloti, congestion is prevented and evacuation can be performed smoothly, while ensuring that elevators and stairs are used by people unrelated to evacuation can do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a high-rise building having a smoke exhaust and fire evacuation facility according to the present invention, wherein (a) is an overall view and (b) and (c) are each.
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line bb of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1, showing an example of a middle floor of a hierarchical unit.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of a middle floor of a hierarchical unit in a high-rise building having a smoke emission and fire evacuation facility according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a high-rise apartment building according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 4, showing the lowest floor of a hierarchical unit;

6 is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 4, showing a middle floor of a hierarchical unit;

7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 4, and is a diagram showing the top floor of a hierarchical unit.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a conventional high-rise building.

[Explanation of symbols]

A, B, C, D: outer wall surface, Fb: lowest floor of hierarchical unit, Fm
... intermediate floor of hierarchical unit, Ft ... top floor of hierarchical unit,
U ₁ , U ₂ , U ₃ ... hierarchical unit, 10, 18 ... stairs, 11,
12 ... elevator, 15 ... atrium, 16 ... living part,
17: atrium, 21: pillar, 22: fire extinguisher tank, 23: pump room, 24: power room, 26: passage, 27: opening.

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E04H 1/00-1/06 A62B 13/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A plurality of layer units each having a plurality of layers stacked on each other, wherein each layer unit is provided with a smoke exhaust ventilation opening extending from the lowest floor of the hierarchy unit to the top floor of the hierarchy unit; The lowermost floor of the hierarchical unit of the hierarchical unit is an evacuation piloti in which all outer wall surfaces are open to the outside and the above-mentioned atrium and the outside communicate with each other. A high-rise building having smoke exhaust and fire evacuation facilities, characterized in that at least one outer wall has an exhaust vent ventilation opening communicating with the smoke exhaust vent. 2. The high-rise building according to claim 1, wherein each floor unit has an independent fire extinguishing facility on the lowest floor of the floor unit. 3. The smoke exhaust and fire evacuation facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate floor of each hierarchical unit has at least one smoke exhaust ventilation opening communicating with the stairwell on at least one outer wall surface. High-rise building. 4. A communication means for connecting each floor in a hierarchical unit, separately from stairs and elevator equipment for connecting each floor from the lowest floor to the top floor, for each of the hierarchical units. A high-rise building having the smoke exhaust and fire evacuation facility according to any one of (1) to (3).