JP2859004B2 - Graphic processing unit - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a so-called computer mapping system which superimposes and manages a facility map showing the arrangement status of various facilities such as electric power, water and gas with a road (block) map as a background. In particular, the present invention relates to a graphic processing device suitable for matching between a plurality of drawings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional computer mapping system, for example, an independent map database was constructed for each business operator such as electric power, water, and gas. In recent years, however, there has been a tendency to integrate these map databases. Is growing.

FIG. 16 is a system configuration diagram of a computer mapping system based on this momentum. A plurality of user systems US are connected to a center system CS via a communication line L. Center system C
S is installed in an institution that inputs and maintains a basic map database and stores and keeps facility data, for example, and each user system US occupies a road such as a telephone, electric power, gas, water, sewer, and subway. It is set up for each company that manages the equipment.

The center system CS maintains and manages various graphic databases constructed for maps and facilities on an external storage device CES. A host computer CHC of the center system CS responds to a request from each user system US. Search processing of various graphic databases.

[0005] The figure database of the center system CS has a hierarchy of about 200 levels of topographical and block data, data of underground objects such as gas and water pipes, and the like. This graphic database is roughly divided by the above-mentioned organization in which the center system CS is installed, and stores various types of map-related data such as terrain, road information, map information such as city blocks, occupied positions of buildings and other structures, and names. The database is divided into a basic map database DB1 formed as a database and a facility map database DB2 formed as a database of various data on the arrangement state of the facilities which are individually created by the above-mentioned businesses and provided to the organization.

[0006] User systems U installed in each business
S is a graphic database in which various data relating to the arrangement status of the facilities belonging to its own management are correlated with the terrain and block data (a map database relating to a map composed of position coordinate data such as terrain and block lines, For example, it is maintained and managed by individually registering, updating, retrieving, etc., on its own external storage device UES). However, in order to prevent damage to equipment managed by other operators, such as when renovating equipment that is under their own control, allocating equipment managed by other operators Since the situation may need to be investigated, the equipment map database of the equipment provided to the center system CS and managed by another operator is required. Also has the ability to search for DB2.

The equipment map database DB2 of equipment under the control of each business is not a map (basic map database DB1) created by the above-mentioned organization, but each business independently carries out surveying and the like. In some cases, the created map (map database DB1a) is used as a background, but as a map serving as a background of each equipment map database DB2, it is requested that the basic map database DB1 created by the above organization be used in common. I have. That is, it is requested that only the facility map database DB2 with the background of the basic map database DB1 be provided to the center system CS. Hereinafter, as for the equipment map database DB2, a map with a background (map database DB1a) independently created by each company is referred to as an equipment map database DB2a, and a map (basic map) created by the above-mentioned organization is used. Database DB1)
Is referred to as a facility map database DB2b.

[0008] The significance of the above request is that the position coordinate data of the same point is shifted between maps created individually by each business operator due to a difference in surveying method or a measurement error, and the other business operators have different positions. Even if the installation status of the equipment and the installation status of its own equipment are output at the same time, it will not be possible to accurately grasp the positional relationship with the equipment of another operator, and the equipment of the other operator will be damaged. Is to prevent it.

In accordance with this request, each business is provided with a basic map database DB1 from the above organization. However, in order for each business operator to modify the equipment map database DB2b with the basic map database DB1 as a background,
Each business operator draws out the necessary data of the provided basic map database DB1 on transparent paper having no elasticity, and combines the independently created map database DB1a and the equipment map database DB2a corresponding to the map into one sheet. Roads described in the map of the basic map database DB1 are drawn out according to another transparent paper, and these transparent papers are superimposed.
The equipment had to be moved and traced so as to match the block, etc., and this had to be input again as input manuscript paper.

[0010]

Since such a method for matching the equipment map database DB2 with tracing requires enormous costs, there arises a problem that each business operator is reluctant to participate in the above-mentioned organization. Was.

Therefore, such a correction (matching) process is performed by:
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Sho 62-278679 and
As in the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. -15873, it has been considered that the method is executed by a computer. In any of these methods, parameters such as affine transformation are defined based on point data at four corners of a map. Therefore, it was found that if the survey was different, the relative position between the map and the map in the map shifted, so that it could not be used.

In addition, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-240983, that is, conversion input using point coordinates, such as obtaining a barycenter and an inclination from the vertex coordinates of a polygon for a house or the like and performing conversion. I considered using a method to do it. However, when this method is extended to the entire drawing, if there are many point coordinates of map data, such as posts and reference points, which are described in common on both maps, it is sufficient for each operator to The owned map database DB1a is a map centering on line data such as roads, town blocks, sidewalks, median strips, etc. There are very few points common to both maps and they are usable. The only significant point is the intersection position, which is the intersection of the above lines. However, since the intersection has a complicated shape, the surveying accuracy in the vicinity thereof is inevitably deteriorated, and since the intersection is subject to many aging changes, the conversion method using the point coordinates (intersection coordinates) must be inferior in conversion accuracy. There is a problem that cannot be adopted.

As an example in which an operator designates a correction position of a facility on a display screen without performing it for each facility, there is a "graphic correction apparatus" described in JP-A-2-47775. This "graphic correction device" automatically extracts a region surrounded by a line indicating a boundary such as a road line or a block line when there is a positional shift between two types of maps,
It associates each area between the two maps, translates the equipment data in the area in parallel, and converts and corrects the equipment data based on the other map as the reference (background). Excellent in that. However, since areas are associated with each area surrounded by lines indicating boundaries such as road lines and block lines, road lines and block lines are aged due to road expansion works and corner cuts at intersections. Even in the case of a change, there is a problem that the position shift of the equipment data may be rather large because the extraction and association of the area and the parallel movement of the equipment data are executed assuming that there is no aging change. In addition, in automatically extracting and associating regions, it is difficult to create a program with fewer exceptions, so that there is a problem that the development period is long and the cost must be high.
Therefore, the "graphics correction device" had to be canceled.

Therefore, as a result of various studies, the following findings were found.

[0015] That is, the causes of the positional deviation between the two types of maps include differences in the surveying method such as whether the terrain creation survey is a flat plate survey or an aerial survey, a reference point survey error, a survey error, a trace error, or the like. This is due to input errors when creating a database. According to the Ministry of Construction Public Survey Work Rules, the total standard error of 1/500 scale survey is 0.5
It is within 2 mm, but it seems that an error of 2 to 3 mm occurs when the work time is different due to the same measurement error. Considering all of these, the deviation between the map databases is within 10 mm for a 1 m map,
/ 100 or less. Therefore, the principle of minute movement and minute angle, that is, linear handling is allowed. This suggests that the affine transformation can be performed with the parameters obtained statistically.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to convert equipment data based on affine transformation parameters determined by a statistical method using a large number of line data. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a graphic processing device capable of matching equipment data created based on a predetermined map with another map with high accuracy and efficiency.

[0017]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a graphic processing apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in the functional block diagram shown in FIG. Is stored, a position coordinate data mS of a map created separately from the map of the first graphic database R, and a gas pipe, a water pipe, etc. corresponding to the position coordinate data mS of the map. In the graphic processing system having the second graphic database S storing the position coordinate data eS of the facility, at least a plurality of sets of map lines corresponding to the first graphic database R and the second graphic database S are formed. Designating means T for designating; calculating means U for calculating the distance and angle between the lines of each set of maps designated by said specifying means T;
Parameter determining means V for determining parameters for affine transformation by the least squares method using the distances and angles of each set calculated by the above, and the position coordinate data eS of the equipment in the second graphic database S is converted to the first Figure database R
Is affine-transformed using the affine transformation parameters determined by the parameter determination means V so that the position coordinate data eS of the equipment in the second graphic database S is corrected so as to correspond to the position coordinate data mR of the map. Affine transformation means W.

[0018]

For example, in a state where the data of the corresponding areas of the first graphic database R and the second graphic database S are superimposed and displayed on the graphic display, the first graphic database is designated by the specifying means T such as a digitizer. It is assumed that R and 65 corresponding block lines (position coordinate data mR, mS) in the second graphic database S are specified. In this case, when a point near the block line is specified without specifying the block line itself, the specifying unit T performs processing by assuming that the block line closest to the point is specified. It is also possible.

When a block line is specified by the specifying means T,
The calculating means U calculates a length and an angle of the specified 65 sets of block lines by, for example, lowering a perpendicular from a point on the block line of one specified map to a corresponding block on the other map. I do. That is, the length and the angle of the perpendicular are calculated for the designated 65 sets of block lines. Then, the parameter determining means V uses the lengths and angles of the 65 sets of perpendiculars calculated by the calculating means U to obtain x _i = AX
_{i + BY i + C, y} i = DX i + EY i + F becomes the general formula (However, in this case, _i = 1, 2, 3, to 65) the parameter A for the affine transformation represented by, B, C, D,
E and F are determined by the least squares method. In determining the affine transformation parameters A, B, C, D, E, and F by the least squares method, the parameter determining means V determines the length and angle of each set of perpendiculars calculated by the calculating means U. , Exclude those that deviate significantly from their standard deviation,
Navigate by area or type of map line specified (National highways,
Weights according to city roads, etc., and when some corresponding points are specified, the X-coordinate component and the Y-coordinate component of the line connecting those points are regarded as specified and the parameters are determined. You can also.

The affine transformation means W corrects the position coordinate data eS of the equipment in the second graphic database S so as to correspond to the position coordinate data mR of the map in the first graphic database R. The affine transformation is performed on the position coordinate data eS of the equipment in the graphic database S using the affine transformation parameters determined by the parameter determination means V.

Therefore, by converting the equipment data based on the affine transformation parameters determined by a statistical method using a large number of line data, the equipment data created on the basis of a predetermined map can be converted with high accuracy. And it can be efficiently matched with other maps.

[0022]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The hardware configuration of the computer mapping system in the present embodiment is exactly the same as that of FIG. 16 described in the section of the prior art, so that the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. However, the description of the same parts as those described in the section of the conventional example will be omitted.

The user system US includes, in addition to the host computer UHC and the external storage device UES, a terminal device group T including a tablet 1, a digitizer 2, a graphic display 3, a personal computer 4, a hard copy machine 5, and the like.
G.

The tablet 1 is used when searching a graphic database, and instructs a host computer UHC to perform various operations. At this time, a menu sheet on which the contents of various operations (processes) for the search are printed is pasted on the tablet 1, and four corners of the menu sheet frame are designated with a light pen, and a desired menu is displayed. Select with a light pen and indicate.

The digitizer 2 is used for inputting graphic data such as the position data (coordinate data) of the gas pipe and the attributes such as the material and thickness of the gas pipe. The digitizer 2 also uses a menu sheet to input the contents. Instruct. However, menu selection and the like are performed using the cursor.

The graphic display 3 displays information on a graphic database stored in the external storage device UES in a graphic format, and selectively displays the information based on the search contents specified by the tablet 1. in this case,
It is preferable to perform color display.

The personal computer 4 includes names of towns, houses, etc.
Used when inputting character data other than coordinate data. The hard copy machine 5 is used for copying graphic data displayed on the graphic display 3 onto paper as a drawing. The electrostatic plotter 6 connected to the host computer UHC is stored in the external storage device UES. It is used to print the information on the figure database as a drawing on paper.

[First Embodiment] Next, the second example of the conversion operation for converting the equipment position coordinate data of the equipment map database DB2a on the background of the independently created map into the one on the background of the map of the basic map database DB1. One embodiment will be described. Note that this conversion process is executed with the host computer UHC in each user system US at the core. For example, a magnetic tape on which the basic map database DB1 is recorded is stored in the external storage device UES in the user system US. The description will be made assuming that the basic map database DB1 is stored in such a manner that the basic map database DB1 is stored.

The operator of the user system US
A mesh number is designated by selecting and entering a number from the menu sheet pasted on the digitizer 2. The specified mesh number is transmitted to the host computer UHC in the user system US via the communication line UL. Then, the host computer UHC determines from the basic map database DB1 the block line position coordinate data corresponding to the specified mesh number (terrain data such as sidewalks, center lines, etc., but since block blocks have little change over time,
Use the block line. Hereinafter, a block line will be described as an example), converted into format data that can be understood by the terminal device group TG in the user system US, and transmitted to the terminal device group TG specifying the mesh number. The terminal device group TG converts the transmitted data into an internal command and displays it in the designated color on the graphic display 3. The operation so far corresponds to the step (F-101) in FIG. 2, and the display contents of the graphic display 3 are as shown in FIG. 3, for example. In FIG. 3, the block line La in the basic map is indicated by a dotted line. However, if it can be displayed in a different color from other parts such as red, it is easier to distinguish it from other parts. Become.

Next, the host computer UHC operates a facility map database DB with an independently created map as a background.
From block 2a, block line position coordinate data corresponding to the specified mesh number is extracted, and the basic map database DB1 is extracted.
The same display processing as in the case of is performed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the block line La of the basic map and the block line Lb of the facility map are used.
Is superimposed and displayed on the same screen of the graphic display 3. In addition, equipment map database DB2a
Is different from the reference coordinates of the basic map database DB1, for example, "Figure processing engineering by computer display" (Nikkan Kogyo Shuppan, June 1, 1981)
According to a method described on page 81 of “0th day”, the position coordinates of the facility map database DB2a are converted into the position coordinates based on the reference coordinates of the basic map database DB1. This processing corresponds to the step (F
-102). In FIG. 4, the block line Lb of the facility map is a solid line, but it is preferable that the block line is actually displayed in yellow or the like so that it can be easily distinguished from the block line La of the basic map. Fig. 4 shows the basic map database DB
This indicates that there is a difference between the block line La of the first block and the block line Lb of the facility map database DB2a.

Next, the operator moves the cursor mark CM near an arbitrary block line in the basic map database DB1 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) and inputs the coordinates. Then, the position coordinates of the cursor mark CM are displayed on the communication line UL.
Is transmitted to the host computer UHC, and the host computer UHC searches for the block position coordinate data of the basic map database DB1, and searches for the line segment data of the block line closest to the position coordinate of the transmitted cursor mark CM, It is considered that the shortest distance line segment (see the block line La in FIG. 5) has been designated, and the position coordinates (X ₁ , Y ₁₎ of the intersection with the perpendicular drawn to the line segment from the position coordinates of the cursor mark CM ₁ ) is calculated (block line L in FIG. 5).
a, see point P1). This process corresponds to the step (F-
104). In this step (F-104), the search for the line segment of the shortest distance is a method of calculating distances to all the line segments from the position coordinates of the cursor mark CM, for example, September 10, 1986. Day-issued Bit
It is described in detail in page 40 of the separate volume “Computational Geometry and Geographic Information Processing”. Also, the shortest distance line segment searched,
The position coordinates (X ₁ , Y ₁ ) of the intersection P1 with the perpendicular descended from the cursor mark position coordinates on the line segment can be easily obtained from the elementary geometry.

Next, the operator moves the cursor mark CM to the vicinity of the block line Lb on the facility map database DB2a corresponding to the specified block line La on the basic map database DB1, and inputs its coordinates. Then, the host computer UHC searches for line segment data of the block line Lb on the facility map database DB2a, which is closest to the position coordinates of the cursor mark CM, in the same manner as in the handling of the basic map database DB1. It is assumed that the line segment of the distance has been designated (see the block line Lb in FIG. 5). This process corresponds to the step (F-10) in FIG.
5).

As described above, the basic map database DB1
It is only necessary to specify each of the neighborhood lines corresponding to the corresponding city line in the facility map database DB2a without accurately specifying the neighborhood line itself with the cursor mark, so that the burden on the operator is reduced. Next, the host computer UHC calculates a distance and an angle (inclination) between the designated block lines (step F-106). This calculation is performed as follows. That is, the position coordinates of the point P1 in FIG. 5 are (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), and the block line L on the facility map database DB2a which is closest to the position coordinate of the cursor mark CM.
The position coordinates of the line segment b are (X ₂ , Y ₂ ), (X ₃ , Y ₃ )
Then, the angle θ _i is a = Y ₂ −Y ₃ , b = X ₃
As -X _2,

[0035]

Equation 1 θ _i = sgn (b / a) · tan ⁻¹ | b / a | (where, when −π / 2 <θ _i <π / 2, a = 0, θ _i
= Π / 2). Here, sgn (b / a) on the right side is positive when the vector direction of the line segment Lb is in the second and fourth quadrants, and negative when the vector direction is in the first and third quadrants. Is shown.

[0036] On the other hand, the length L _i is to the 40 pages of the magazine Bit separate volume "Computational Geometry and Geographic Information Processing" in reference, c =
(X ₃ −X ₂ ) Y ₂ + (Y ₂ −Y ₃ ) X ₂

[0037]

L _i = sgn (a) · (aX ₁ + bY ₁ -c) /
It can be calculated by (a ² + b ² ) ^1/2 . Here, sgn (b / a) on the right side is obtained by reversing the sign of the block segment Lb when the vector direction of the block segment Lb is in the first quadrant or the second quadrant. The same handling is possible even when the vector is in the opposite direction.

Steps (F-104) to (F-1) in FIG.
07) is repeated by the operator as many times as necessary, while the host computer UHC performs the steps (F-
103) and step (F-107), the number of repetitions is counted, and when the operator instructs termination,
After the determination in step (F-108), the count number N is determined.

Next, the calculation of the affine transformation parameters shown in step (F-110) of FIG. 2 will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 6, l _i = L _i −x _i cos θ _i −y _i
As sine θ _i , consider the affine transformation of the following equation for x _i and y _i . In FIG. 6, the vectors l _i , x _i , and y _i are shown in parallel for simplicity, and the vector L _i and the vector l _i actually overlap.

[0040]

X _i = AX _i + BY _i + C y _i = DX _i + EY _i + F

[0041]

## EQU4 ## l _i = L _i −cos θ _i (AX _i + BY _i + C)
−sin θ _i (DX _i + EY _i + F) is obtained. The condition for minimizing the sum of squares of l _i is:

[0042]

(Equation 5) It is. The calculation results show that the unconstant parameters are A, B, C,
The simultaneous equations are D, E, and F, and are represented by the following equations in a matrix.

[0043]

[6] _{[K hj] [A, B} , C, D, E, F, 1] = 0 [K hj] _{is, K 11, K 12, ...} K 17, ... K 61, so that ... K ₆₇ Is a matrix of 42 coefficients. For example, K _{11 to} K ₁₇ in the matrix are as follows.

[0044]

(Equation 7) To solve this simultaneous equation, for example, "FORTRAN7
7 can be calculated by the host computer HC if the program is prepared with the "Scientific calculation subroutine library according to No. 7" (Kigaku Publishing P84-86). In addition,
Among the affine transformation parameters, A is the expansion and contraction rate in the X direction, (B + D) / 2 is the oblateness, C is the amount of movement in the X direction,
E is the expansion / contraction ratio in the Y direction, (BD) / 2 is the rotation amount, and F is Y
It relates to the amount of movement in the direction.

Next, the affine transformation processing for the equipment position coordinate data in the equipment map database DB2a in step (F-111) of FIG. 2 will be described. For example, if the positional relationship between the block line La in the basic map database DB1 and the block line Lb and the facility line Lc in the facility map database DB2a is as shown in FIG. 7, the block line Lb in the facility map database DB2a is used. Since the relative positional relationship maintained between the facility line Lc and the facility line Lc greatly deviates between the block line La of the basic map database DB1 and the facility line Lc, as described above. Affine transformation parameters A, B, C, D, obtained by the least square method from the distances and angles between a plurality of line data
Based on E and F, affine transformation is performed on the position coordinate data of the installation line Lc of the equipment.

That is, the equipment map database DB2a
The coordinates of the installation line Lc of the equipment are defined as X and Y, and the coordinates converted using the affine transformation parameters are X ^* and Y.
^*

[0047]

X ^* = X + (AX + BY + C) Y ^* = Y + (DX + EY + F) This coordinate conversion is performed for all the segments of the arrangement line Lc. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the installation line Lc of the facility after conversion and the block line La of the basic map database DB1 are displayed. Comparing FIG. 8 with FIG. 7, it can be seen that the relative positional relationship between the block line La of the basic map database DB1 and the installation line Lc of the facility is improved after conversion as compared to before conversion.

In order to show a quantitative improvement example, specifically,
When the results of measurement and calculation for five points (when the number of inputs N in FIG. 2 is 65 in FIG. 2) are developed on normal probability paper, the results are as shown in FIG. 9, and since the relationship between the error and the cumulative percentage is almost a straight line, the error Has a normal distribution. In order to make the normal distribution of the error represented by this straight line easy to understand, the distribution status according to the magnitude of the error is shown in FIG. In addition,
9 and 10, the dotted line indicates the error of the distance between the block line La of the basic map database DB1 and the block line Lb of the facility map database DB2a when the affine transformation is not performed, and the solid line indicates the block of the basic map database DB1. Line La and affine transformed equipment map database DB
The error of the distance from the block line Lb of 2a is shown. 9 and 10 show that the error in the distance between the lines before and after the affine transformation has a normal distribution. The fact that the errors have a normal distribution suggests that it is appropriate to perform the graphic processing statistically. The average value and the standard deviation of the error are 0.4 mm and 0.33 mm before the affine transformation, respectively, and 0.01 mm and the standard deviation are 0.26 m before the affine transformation.
m indicates an improvement.

Finally, as shown in step (F-112) of FIG. 2, the facility position coordinate data after the affine transformation is stored in a free area of the facility map database DB2b, and the processing is terminated. After the affine transformation is performed on all the meshes, the map database DB1a of the map created independently by each business operator and the facility map database DB2a with the map of the map database DB1a as a background can be deleted. it can. That is, the user system US
Before the conversion process, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the database in the external storage device UES has a map database DB1a created independently by each company and a map of the map database DB1a as a background. The equipment map database DB2a is stored.
As shown in (b), a map database DB1a created independently by each business operator and its map database DB1
Equipment map database DB2a with map a in the background
And the basic map database DB provided by the above organization
11 and the facility map database DB2b with the background of the map of the basic map database DB1 as a background, and after the conversion process is completed for all meshes, FIG.
As shown in (c), the basic map database DB
1 and an equipment map database DB2b with the map of the basic map database DB1 as a background.

As described above, by using line data of a map having high surveying accuracy and little aging,
A highly accurate affine transformation parameter can be determined. In addition, if line data is used, even when a point near the line data is specified without strictly specifying the line data, the line data can be specified by the internal processing, thereby facilitating the input operation of the operator. Moreover, since the parameters for the affine transformation are calculated by a statistical method called the least squares method, even if the operator specifies a somewhat inappropriate block line, etc., the conversion accuracy is not affected so much and is not influenced by the operator's attention. Since a stable value can be obtained,
Highly accurate conversion can be performed.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
2. Description will be given with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, although the corners of the intersection as shown in FIG. 4 are cut and the block (block line data) has changed over time,
If the operator inputs and designates a block line related to aging without noticing the fact, the accuracy of the affine transformation parameters may be deteriorated. Therefore, the affine transformation parameters are obtained by excluding the data that seems to have changed over time. It is like that. As shown in the area E in FIG. 4, the block line itself has changed due to the delay in the expropriation of the land based on the city plan. Therefore, even when the changed block line is designated, this is excluded. To obtain affine transformation parameters. As described above, when the specified line data is excluded, an example in which the host computer UHC performs the operation automatically without the help of the operator, and an example in which the host computer UHC performs the operation automatically in a semi-automatic manner with the help of the operator. Conceivable.

In the case of automatic exclusion, the host computer UHC performs the following processing in step (F-110) of FIG.

That is, the stored coordinates X _{i ,}
All the pairs of Y _i , distance L _i , and angle θ _i are extracted (FIG. 1).
2 Step F-201). Next, based on each set of data extracted,

L _i = L _i −cos θ _i (AX _i + BY _i + C) −sin
An operation of θ _i (DX _i + EY _i + F) is performed, and l _i, which is the distance after the affine transformation, is obtained for the number of inputs (step F-202). Then, the calculated standard deviation S of each l _i is calculated (step F).
-203).

Next, assuming that the threshold value is α (for example, 2 or 3),
All l _i satisfying | l _i |> Sα are deleted assuming that they correspond to the aged line data (step F-204). Then, the number of erased l _i is set to n, and N−n is set to the normal input number N (step F-20).
5) Based on the normal input number l / _i , the affine transformation parameters A, B, C, D,
E and F are obtained (step F-206).

In the case of semi-automatic exclusion, the host computer UHC performs the processing shown in FIG. 13 in step (F-110) of FIG. Since this processing has many parts in common with the automatic processing of FIG. 12, only different points will be briefly described.

After calculating the standard deviation S of each l _i , these l _i have changed over time for all l _i satisfying | l _i |> Sα with the threshold being α (for example, 2 or 3). A flag is set assuming that it corresponds to the block line data (step F-204a). Then, for each pair, the coordinates X _i
Displays the length l _i originating from the Y _i, the vector of the angle theta _i on the graphic display 3 (Step F-2
04b). At this time, since l _i is a small value and the vector is difficult to see, it is displayed in an enlarged scale of several tens of times. Is displayed in a different color from the others to indicate to the operator.

Therefore, the operator specifies a vector to be excluded (step F-204c). Next, FIG.
As in the case of, based on the remaining l _i, affine transformation parameters A by the least squares method, B, C, D, E, F
Is obtained (steps F-205, 206).

As described above, the affine transformation parameters are determined by automatically or semi-automatically excluding inappropriate designation data, thereby improving the reliability of the transformation result without increasing the burden on the operator. be able to.

[Third Embodiment] Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. The gist of the third embodiment is as follows. For example, in the case of a recent area where sewerage work has been performed over a wide area, the road is re-measured and the map data of the basic map database DB1 is partially but extensively corrected. The difference between the block line La of the basic map database DB1 and the block line Lb of the facility map database DB2a may be significantly different from the non-performed area. In such a case, unless the affine transformation parameters are determined for each area, the accuracy of the affine transformation parameters deteriorates. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the affine transformation parameters are determined for each area.

That is, in the third embodiment, after the host computer UHC performs the step (F-109) in FIG.
All the stored sets of the coordinates X _{i ,} Y _i , distance L _i , and angle θ _i are extracted (step F-301 in FIG. 14).
Next, based on each set of data extracted,

L _i = L _i −cos θ _i (AX _i + BY _i + C) −sin
The calculation of θ _i (DX _i + EY _i + F) is performed to obtain l _i, which is the distance after the affine transformation (step F-302). And for each pair,
The graphic display 3 is obtained by enlarging a vector having a length l _i and an angle θ _i starting from the coordinates X _{i and} Y _i by several tens of times.
(Step F-203).

Then, the operator inputs the range of the vector having the same tendency while viewing the vector distribution state, thereby dividing the area on the display screen (step F-).
304). Then, the host computer UHC reads all l _i of one sectioned area and determines the affine transformation parameters for the area by the least squares method (step F-305). Then, affine transformation is performed on all the equipment position coordinate data in the area according to the determined affine transformation parameters (step F-306). Next, the steps (F
-305) and the same processing as in step (F-306) are performed (step F-307). Then, finally, the operator performs joint editing on the equipment position coordinate data at the boundary between the sections (step F-308), and ends.

[Fourth Embodiment] Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In the fourth embodiment, affine transformation parameters are determined by weighting according to the type of block line, for example, national road, city road, ward road, city road, private road, sidewalk, and the like. For example, assuming that one block line is designated for each of the national road, the metropolitan road, the ward road, the city road, the private road, and the sidewalk, they are 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The parameters for affine transformation are determined as specified. In this way, the affine transformation is performed with higher precision for the equipment position coordinate data along the city block line of higher importance.

[Fifth Embodiment] Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. In the fifth embodiment, a basic map database D
When reference points are respectively written on the map of B1 and the map of the map database DB1a which is the background of the equipment database DB2a to be converted, the reference points are set in steps (F-104) of FIG. Even when designated in step (F-105), by dividing the coordinate position data of the reference point into an X component and a Y component, parameters for affine transformation are determined based on the distance and angle between line data. 2 is executed in exactly the same manner.

That is, the coordinate positions of the designated reference point on the basic map database DB1 and the reference point on the map database DB1a are (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), (X ₁ ), as shown in FIG. ₂ , Y ₂ ), in the step (F-104) at the (i + 1) -th and (i + 2) -th steps in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the X-axis and the Y-axis are designated as the block lines, respectively, and In step F-106), the distance L _{i + 1} between designated block lines is set to (X ₁ −X ₂ ) and the angle θ _{i + 1 is set} to 0 degree, and in the step i + 2 (F-106), the distance between designated block lines is set. L _{i + 2} a (Y ₁ -Y _2), the angle theta _{i + 2} is to process as 90 degrees.

[0065]

As described above, according to the graphic processing apparatus of the present invention, equipment data is converted based on affine transformation parameters determined by a statistical method using a large number of line data. The equipment data created based on a predetermined map can be matched with another map with high accuracy and efficiency.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a matching operation between a plurality of map data according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a display example of block data in a basic map database.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of simultaneous display of block data in a basic map database and block data in a facility map database.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a process of determining a point on a block line in the basic map database and a block line in the facility map database corresponding to the block line in the basic map database.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining affine transformation.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of simultaneous display of block data in the basic map database and block data and facility data in the facility map database.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of simultaneous display of block data of a basic map database after affine transformation and equipment data of an equipment map database.

FIG. 9 is a diagram in which a correction effect of block data by affine transformation is developed on normal probability paper.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the contents of FIG. 9 for each magnitude of error.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a change in the type of a database stored in an external storage device of the user system;
(A) is a diagram showing the type of the stored database before the conversion process, (b) is a diagram showing the type of the storage database after the conversion process is completed for all the meshes, respectively.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an operation when automatically determining an affine transformation parameter determining element.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operation when semi-automatically excluding determinants of affine transformation parameters.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an operation when affine transformation parameters are determined for each area.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for describing processing when a reference point on each map serving as a background is specified.

FIG. 16 is a system configuration diagram of a computer mapping system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 UHC user system host computer UES user system external storage device TG terminal equipment group DB1 basic map database DB1a separately created map database DB2a equipment database before conversion DB2b equipment database after conversion DB2 equipment database before and after conversion Generic name UL communication line 1 tablet 2 digitizer 3 graphic display

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) G09B 29/00 G06F 17/50 G06T 1/00

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first graphic database storing position coordinate data of a map including terrain, block, and the like; position coordinate data of a map created separately from the map of the first graphic database; In a graphic processing system having position coordinate data and a second graphic database storing positional coordinate data of equipment such as gas pipes and water pipes, at least the first graphic database and the second graphic database Designating means for designating a corresponding plurality of sets of map lines; calculating means for calculating the distance and angle between the lines of each set of maps specified by the designating means; and each of the sets calculated by the calculating means. Parameter determining means for determining parameters for the affine transformation by the least square method using the distance and the angle, and position coordinate data of the equipment in the second graphic database In order to correct the data to correspond to the position coordinate data of the map in the first graphic database, the position coordinate data of the equipment in the second graphic database is converted using the affine transformation parameters determined by the parameter determining means. And a affine transformation unit for performing affine transformation. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating unit is configured to determine, from the points on one map line to the other map line, each set of map lines correspondingly designated in the first graphic database and the second graphic database. 2. The graphic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a perpendicular is lowered on the line, and a length and an angle of the perpendicular are calculated. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the parameter determining unit determines a parameter for the affine transformation by a least squares method excluding a distance and an angle of a set that is largely deviated from a standard deviation of a distance between lines of each set of maps. The graphic processing device according to claim 1, wherein: 4. The graphic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said parameter determination means determines an affine transformation parameter for each designated area by a least square method. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameter determining means determines a parameter for affine transformation by a least squares method by performing weighting according to a line type of the specified map of each set. The graphic processing device according to 1. 6. The parameter determining means, when a corresponding map point is specified together with a plurality of sets of map lines in the first graphic database and the second graphic database, the designated map point is designated. Assuming that the X-coordinate component and the Y-coordinate component of the line connecting the corresponding points are separately specified, the distance and the angle between the lines are calculated. The graphic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameter is determined by a least square method.