JP2816309B2 - Ventilator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilator used for maintaining and assisting breathing, and more particularly to a moderate or mild respiratory patient except for severe respiratory disorders requiring treatment in an intensive care unit. It relates to a small, lightweight, three-power (rechargeable battery, automobile power, home power) driven respirator for patients with disabilities, and is used in hospital rooms, at home, in ambulances, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a simple respirator of this kind includes:
A piston type pump has been used as a gas compression blowing means for supplying a patient with breathing support and breathing assist gas. FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a conventional gas supply pump, and FIG.
Is the time (sec) on the horizontal axis and the airway pressure (P
aw), and is a diagram showing a change in a patient's airway pressure during inspiration.

In FIG. 4, reference numeral 30 denotes an elastic rubber bellows, 31 denotes a suction valve, 32 denotes a discharge valve, 33 denotes a piston, 34 denotes a feed screw, 35 denotes a motor, 36 denotes a rotary encoder, and 37 denotes a rubber bellows 30. Fig. 2 shows sensor means for controlling the telescopic position of the camera. That is, the gas supply pump of the conventional ventilator uses a piston type pump that changes the rotation of the motor 35 into a linear reciprocating motion of the piston 33 and inhales and discharges gas by expansion and contraction of the rubber bellows 30. .

[0004] In this gas supply pump system, a pressure sensor (not shown) detects that the pressure in the breathing circuit decreases due to the start of inspiration of the patient, and sends an operation start signal to the motor 35. However, there is a large delay in the time from when the motor 35 starts rotating until the inhalation actually reaches the patient, and during this time, the patient's airway pressure becomes negative as shown by M in FIG . This poses a problem in that the burden of respiratory work is imposed on the patient, which is contrary to the original purpose of the respirator for reducing the amount of respiratory work.

[0005] To solve this problem, a steady-flow type respirator is known. FIG. 6 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a conventional steady flow type ventilator. In the ventilator shown in FIG. 6, the air discharged from the compressor 1A and passed through the air pressure regulator 40 and the oxygen supplied from a separately provided oxygen supply source (not shown) and passed through the oxygen pressure regulator 41 are combined with oxygen. Brenda 42
The steady flow whose oxygen concentration has been adjusted by and the flow rate has been adjusted by the inspiratory flow regulator 43 is inhaled by the patient. For natural breathing,
The exhalation from the patient is exhausted from the exhalation valve 10. The inspiratory circuit is provided with a pressure gauge 13 and an inspiratory safety valve 14 to ensure the safety of inspiratory pressure exerted on the patient's airway.

[0006] In order to open and close the exhalation valve 10, a flow path branched from the intake circuit is provided.
A, PEEP (Positive Explorer)
ryEnd Pressure: positive end-expiratory pressure) valve 12
A, PEEP pressure control valve 44 is provided.

In this steady flow type ventilator, the exhalation valve 10
To constantly supply the expiratory flow required by the patient and allow the patient to breathe freely. When it is necessary to forcibly pressurize the patient's lungs, the exhalation valve 10 is closed for that time.

[0008]

As described above, in the gas supply pump system shown in FIG. 4, the response of the apparatus is poor,
At the start of inspiration, there is a problem that the airway pressure of the patient becomes a negative pressure, which is a burden on the patient for breathing work. On the other hand, in the steady flow type ventilator shown in FIG. 6, when oxygen needs to be added, for example, an inspiratory flow rate of 30 l (liter) / m
in (minute), when oxygen concentration is 100%, always 30 l
/ Min oxygen flow rate is required, the oxygen consumption is large, and there is a problem that the oxygen concentrator used at home or the like cannot be used at an oxygen flow rate of 5 to 6 l / min.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the need for a small, lightweight, simple ventilator requires an air pressure regulator 40, an oxygen pressure regulator 41, an oxygen blender 42, an intake air flow regulator 43, and the like. There was a problem that was contrary to.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and a first object of the present invention is to eliminate the delay in the initial inspiratory flow rate and reduce the respiratory work of the patient,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a steady-flow type respirator that requires a small amount of oxygen and can add oxygen with a simple oxygen concentrator.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a small and simplified ventilator that can be driven by three power supplies without requiring a complicated device configuration unlike the conventional apparatus of this type. is there.

[0012]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the first object, the most basic configuration of the ventilator according to the present invention is to take in oxygen and air and supply air-oxygen mixed gas to the inspiration of a patient. in ventilator that includes a compressor, intake supplying inspiratory gas to the patient connected to the compressor
Care passage, a release passage leading to the suction side of the compressor is branched from the intake passage provided, is provided with a control means to release excess intake gas not breathe the patient to the discharge path.

Further, in order to achieve the first object,
A more specific configuration of the ventilator according to the present invention includes an inspiratory circuit that takes in oxygen and air and supplies an air-oxygen mixed gas to the inspiratory air of a patient, and a ventilator including at least an exhalation valve. A pressure relief valve for maintaining a constant airway pressure in the patient in the flow path connected to the discharge port of the compressor and supplying gas to the patient, and compressing excess inspired gas that the patient does not inhale during breathing A bypass valve for returning to the compressor is provided, and a downstream flow path of the pressure relief valve and the bypass valve is joined to form a discharge flow path. A flow path communicating with the inlet is formed, and a variable capacity reservoir equipped with an oxygen mixer is connected to the outside air inlet.

In order to achieve the second object,
The configuration of the ventilator according to the present invention is such that, in addition to the configuration of the above-described ventilator, the compressor is a scroll compressor, and the rotation speed of the motor is changed to supply a steady flow of a predetermined intake gas flow rate. Is a control circuit.

[0015]

The function of the above technical means is as follows. In general, the amount of oxygen consumed by the patient is up to 5-6 l / m
Therefore, when the patient does not inhale, the gas flow rate that has been conventionally discharged to the outside through the exhalation valve is recovered to the suction port of the compressor through a newly provided bypass flow path (release flow path). A variable capacity reservoir is provided on the suction side of the compressor, and a mixed gas having a required concentration is stored in the reservoir from the oxygen mixer to supply an amount equivalent to the gas inhaled by the patient. As a result, oxygen consumption can be reduced.

Further, together with the new oxygen supply method,
By changing the rotation speed of the motor of the compressor (scroll compressor), the inspiratory flow supplied to the patient can be controlled, so that the conventional air pressure regulator, oxygen pressure regulator, and inspiratory flow regulator are abolished. The oxygen blender can also be replaced with a very simple one, and the entire apparatus can be simplified.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a ventilator according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a scroll compressor applied to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a gas flow of FIG. In FIG. 1, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 6 indicate the same parts. Also,
1 and 3 show the same devices with the same reference numerals.

First, the equipment configuration of the artificial respirator shown in FIG. 1 will be described. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a compressor having a function of compressing and blowing a mixed gas of air and oxygen. In the present invention, an oilless scroll compressor described later with reference to FIG. 2 is applied. The compressor 1 is connected to a motor control board 2, a drive board 3, a CPU board 4 such as a microcomputer, an input processing board 5, and a setting input switch board 6 to form a control circuit. 7 is a pressure relief valve for keeping the patient's airway pressure constant, 8 is a pulse actuator for actuating the pressure relief valve 7, and 9 is an extra inspired gas which the patient does not inhale during natural breathing is sent to the compressor. A bypass valve for returning, 10 is an exhalation valve, 11 is a three-way solenoid valve,
12 is a PEEP valve, 13 is a pressure gauge, and 14 is an intake safety valve.

Reference numeral 15 denotes an outside air intake port provided on the suction port side of the compressor 1, and reference numeral 16 denotes a variable for storing a mixed gas having a required concentration and supplying an amount of gas inhaled by a patient. Capacity reservoir (hereinafter simply referred to as reservoir), 17
Denotes an oxygen mixer, and 18 denotes an oxygen flow meter provided on a line for supplying oxygen from a separate oxygen concentrator or an oxygen supply source (not shown) to the oxygen mixer 17.

Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 20 denotes a compressor 1
The inhalation flow path 21 from the discharge port 1a of the patient to the patient's airway,
An expiratory flow path 22 extending from the patient's airway to the exhalation valve 10 is a discharge flow path (branch flow path) that joins the downstream flow paths of the pressure relief valve 7 and the bypass valve 9.
Joins the compressor suction passage 23 together with the outside air intake 15. Reference numeral 23 denotes a compressor suction flow path connected to the suction port 1b of the compressor 1, reference numeral 24 denotes a branch flow path for opening and closing the bypass valve 9 and the exhalation valve 10, and the branch flow path 24 And communicates with a three-way solenoid valve 11, a PEEP valve 12, a bypass valve 9, and an exhalation valve 10.

Next, the outline of the scroll compressor used in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In recent years, scroll compressors have been widely used for compressing refrigerant gas in refrigeration cycles of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and the like. However, as in the case of supplying air-oxygen mixed gas in a ventilator, the scroll compressor is operated under the condition that the airway pressure is low (Max. About 0.1 kg / cm ² ) and the flow rate is relatively large (about 20 to 100 l / min). There is no application example. In the present invention, as a gas compressed air blowing means of a simple type steady flow type ventilator, FIG.
And a small, lightweight, oil-free scroll compressor of about 40 watts and its control circuit.

The scroll compressor shown in FIG.
01 and a pump section (compression mechanism section) 110 are integrally connected, and a motor side housing 104 and a fixed scroll 113 are fastened with screws 118. FIG.
, 111 is a orbiting scroll, 112 is a spiral wrap standing upright on an end plate (corresponding to a mirror plate) surface of the orbiting scroll, 113 is a fixed scroll, and 114 is a vertical plate on a top plate (corresponding to a mirror plate) surface of the fixed scroll. It is a spiral wrap. These wraps 112 and 114 are formed by an involute curve, and are combined so that the wrap portions mesh with each other. Reference numeral 115 denotes a gas leakage preventing packing provided at the tip of each wrap.

Reference numeral 102 denotes a rotating shaft for transmitting the driving force of the motor 101, and reference numeral 102a denotes an eccentric portion thereof (hereinafter, simply referred to as an eccentric shaft). A boss portion of the orbiting scroll 111 is rotatably attached to the eccentric shaft 102 a via a bearing 103. Numeral 116 denotes a hollow disk-shaped slide plate, and 117 denotes a pair of x-axis slide bearings provided on the orbiting scroll 111 side of the slide plate 116. These are y-axis slide bearings (not shown) provided on the motor 101 side of the slide plate 116. And the orbiting scroll 11 when the eccentric shaft 102a rotates.
1 to revolve on a circular orbit having an eccentric dimension as a radius.
11 constitutes a means for rotating the rotating motion of the motor 11.

The scroll compressor having the above-described structure includes a motor 1
By the driving of the motor 01, gas is sucked into the inside of the pump from the suction port 1b provided in a part of the fixed scroll 113, and is sequentially compressed in the compression chamber 119 formed by the orbiting scroll wrap 112 and the fixed scroll wrap 114 that mesh with each other. The scroll 113 is guided to the discharge port 1a opened at the center of the top plate, and is sent to the intake passage 20 shown in FIG.

Next, the operation of the artificial respirator of this embodiment will be described. When the required oxygen concentration% is set in the oxygen mixer 17 and oxygen is supplied to the oxygen mixer 17 from a separate oxygen concentrator for home treatment, for example, the oxygen mixer 17 is provided with a required outside air by the Venturi effect. , The reservoir 16 expands, and a mixed gas of oxygen and air is stored in the reservoir 16. When the reservoir 16 becomes full, excess gas is discharged from the discharge valve 19 to the outside air.

The inspiratory flow rate, inspiratory pressure and the like necessary for the patient are set on the setting input switch board 6. The inspiratory flow required for the patient is input to the CPU board 4 via the input processing board 5,
A command voltage is transmitted from the PU board 4 to the motor control board 2 via the drive board 3. Therefore, scroll compressor 1
(Hereinafter simply referred to as a compressor) starts to operate at a rotation speed commensurate with the set flow rate pumping.
The gas compressed in the intake passage 20 serves as an intake gas flow.
Sent to At this time, a pulse signal corresponding to the rotation speed of a Hall element (not shown) built in the motor 101 is fed back to the motor control board 2 to maintain the rotation speed corresponding to the set intake flow rate, and the steady state of the intake gas is maintained. Supply the flow to the patient.

During spontaneous breathing, as shown in FIG. 1, the three-way solenoid valve 11 in the branch flow path 24 is OFF, and the bypass valve 9 and the exhalation valve 10 are opened to the outside air and open. That is, the balloons relating to the valve bodies of the bypass valve 9 and the exhalation valve 10 are flattened.

The intake gas flow exiting the discharge port 1a of the compressor 1 passes through the bypass valve 9, and is formed by merging the downstream flow path of the bypass valve 9 and the pressure relief valve 7. 22, the air is sucked from the compressor suction passage 23 into the suction port 1 b of the compressor 1 and circulated. When the patient inhales, the inspired gas is supplied to the patient without resistance, and the excess gas circulates to the compressor 1 through the bypass valve 9. Further, the gas equivalent amount inhaled by the patient is supplied from the reservoir 16 to the outside air inlet 1.
Replenished after 5.

At the time of forced breathing, the three-way solenoid valve 11 is turned on for a set inspiration time in a cycle of the set number of breaths per minute. For example, if the respiratory frequency is 15 times / minute,
The three-way solenoid valve 11 repeats ON and OFF at intervals of 4 seconds. In general, the inhalation time is said to be a ratio of 2 when the inhaling time is 1 when the inhaling time is 1, but is determined by the patient.

FIG. 3 shows the flow of the inspired gas at the time of forced breathing. When the three-way solenoid valve 11 is turned on, a part of the gas in the intake flow path 20 passes through the branch flow path 24 and
0 and the bypass valve 9, the balloon relating to the valve body inflates and closes the exhalation valve 10 and the bypass valve 9. The pressure relief valve 7 is pushed by a spring to the set intake pressure. The inspired gas exiting the compressor 1 reaches the patient via the inspiratory flow path 20 and inflates and pressurizes the patient's lungs. When the airway pressure rises and reaches the set pressure, excess gas is released downstream from the pressure relief valve 7 and circulates through the discharge passage 22 to the suction port 1b of the compressor 1 and flows to the patient. The gas equivalent amount is replenished from the reservoir 16 through the outside air intake 15.

When the set intake time is over, the three-way solenoid valve 1
1 is turned off, the gas in the balloon of the exhalation valve 10 and the bypass valve 9 is released from the PEEP valve 12 and the exhalation valve 10
And the bypass valve 9 is opened. Then, the gas in the patient's lung is discharged from the exhalation valve 10 to the outside due to the elasticity of the lung. The gas leaving the compressor 1 passes through the bypass valve 9 as shown in FIG.
Circulates. Hereinafter, the above intake and exhaust are repeated at a set cycle. Needless to say, the intake passage 20 is provided with a pressure gauge 13 and an intake safety valve 14 to ensure the safety of the intake pressure exerted on the airway of the patient.

According to the present embodiment, the delay in the initial inspiratory flow is eliminated, the work of breathing by the patient is reduced, the amount of oxygen consumption is small, and the steady flow in which oxygen can be added by a simple oxygen concentrator for home treatment or the like. A ventilator of the formula can be provided. Further, according to the present embodiment, the air pressure regulator, oxygen pressure regulator, oxygen blender, oxygen flow controller and the like in the conventional device of this type do not require complicated equipment configurations, and are small and simplified. An artificial respirator that can be driven by three power sources (a storage battery, a vehicle power source, and a home power source) can be provided.

Although the above operation has been described with respect to the variable pressure ventilation system in which the airway pressure is limited by a set pressure, the present invention is not limited to the above. Ventilation-type operation is also possible. Although not particularly shown, the bypass valve 9, the pressure relief valve 7, and the PEEP valve 12 of the above-described embodiment can be integrated into a pressure relief valve, and each operation can be performed according to a time schedule.

[0034]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the delay of the initial inspiratory flow is eliminated, the work of breathing by the patient is reduced, the oxygen consumption is small, and the oxygen is reduced by a simple oxygen concentrator. It is possible to provide a steady flow type ventilator that can be added. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a small and simplified respirator that can be driven by three power supplies without requiring a complicated device configuration unlike the conventional device of this type.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a ventilator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a scroll compressor applied to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a gas flow at the time of forced breathing in the ventilator of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a conventional gas supply pump.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change in a patient's airway pressure during inspiration.

FIG. 6 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a conventional steady flow type ventilator.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Compressor, 2 ... Motor control board, 3 ... Drive board,
4 CPU board, 5 input processing board, 6 setting input switch board, 7 pressure relief valve, 9 bypass valve, 10
... exhalation valve, 11 ... three-way solenoid valve, 12 ... PEEP valve, 15
... outside air intake, 16 ... reservoir, 17 ... oxygen mixer,
18: oxygen flow meter, 20: intake flow path, 22: discharge flow path.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A ventilator that takes in oxygen and air and supplies air-oxygen mixed gas to a patient's inspired air, comprising a compressor, and connected to the compressor to supply an inspired gas to the patient. the release passage leading to the suction side of the branched the compressor from the intake passage provided, ventilator, characterized in that a control means to release excess intake gas not breathe the patient to the discharge path. 2. A ventilator having an inspiratory circuit for taking in oxygen and air and supplying an air-oxygen mixed gas to a patient's inspired air, and at least an exhalation valve, comprising: a compressor, connected to an outlet of the compressor. A pressure relief valve for maintaining the patient's airway pressure constant and a bypass valve for returning excess inspired gas not inhaled by the patient during breathing to the compressor are provided in the flow path for supplying gas to the patient. A downstream flow path of the pressure relief valve and the bypass valve is joined to form a discharge flow path, and a flow path is formed in which the discharge flow path communicates with a suction port of the compressor and an outside air intake. And a variable capacity reservoir equipped with an oxygen mixer is connected to the outside air intake. 3. The respirator according to claim 1, wherein the compressor is a scroll compressor, and a constant flow of a predetermined intake gas flow rate is supplied by changing a rotation speed of a motor. An artificial respirator comprising a control circuit.