JP2797080B2 - Method and nozzle for injecting liquid into fine particles - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles, and more particularly to a method and a nozzle capable of ejecting liquid to extremely small particles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Nozzles for converting liquid into ultrafine particles are used for various purposes. For example, when used for the purpose of spraying a drug solution into the air to form ultrafine particles, a drug that can be easily absorbed by the human body can be manufactured.

As a nozzle for spraying a liquid onto ultrafine particles,
The one shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has been developed. The nozzle shown in FIG. 1 pressurizes the liquid and supplies it to the cylindrical air passage 1, mixes the air with the air in the air passage 1, sprays it from the tip, and discharges the primary mist 2
And The jetted primary mist 2 collides with each other to become a secondary mist 3, and becomes finer particles. The nozzle having this structure can eject the liquid to fine particles of 10 μm or less.

The nozzle shown in FIG. 2 has a double pipe,
Liquid is injected from the center hole 4 and pressurized air is injected from around the liquid. In the nozzle having this structure, the liquid ejected from the center is shaved by the surrounding air to form small droplets. The shaving with air gradually proceeds to the center of the liquid, but at this time, the speed of the air gradually decreases and the droplets increase. The liquid ejected to the center portion is impeded by the surrounding droplets, and the mixing with the air is deteriorated, and the droplets become large.

[0005]

The nozzle shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a feature that a liquid sprayed by pressurized air can be made into fine droplets. However, the nozzle shown in FIG. 1 can be used for non-adhesive liquids such as water, but cannot be used for adherent liquids. It takes a few minutes,
There is a drawback that the sprayed droplet adheres to the tip of the nozzle and dries, and this gradually accumulates and clogs.
For this reason, the nozzle shown in FIG. 1 has a drawback that the liquid to be ejected is specified and various liquids cannot be sprayed with fine particles.

In the nozzle shown in FIG. 2, it is necessary to make the center hole 4 extremely small and eject the liquid very finely in order to make the droplets into fine particles. This is because if the center hole is made thicker, the ejected droplets become larger. For this reason, a nozzle with this structure requires
It is necessary to make the spray amount per time extremely small, and the processing amount and the miniaturization of the droplets have mutually contradictory characteristics, and there is a disadvantage that both characteristics cannot be satisfied. By the way, if the particle size is 10
For a nozzle having a diameter of not more than μm, the inner diameter of the center hole needs to be not more than 0.2 mm. The spray amount of the nozzle of this inner diameter is only 15 g per hour in dry weight. Such a small nozzle also has a disadvantage that it is very easy to clog.

Further, in each of the nozzles shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the droplets to be ejected are sprayed with a full cone, and cannot be ejected with a hollow cone. The hollow cone is a state in which droplets are ejected in a cylindrical shape, and the entire interior is not filled with the droplets. On the other hand, the full cone is a state in which the liquid droplets ejected in a cylindrical shape are filled up to the inside. 2. Description of the Related Art A nozzle that ejects a liquid into fine droplets is often used for rapidly drying a droplet ejected into the air or vaporizing the droplet into the air. The nozzle used in this application preferably ejects the liquid with a hollow cone. This is because the droplets of the full cone are entirely filled with the droplets, so that the droplets at the central portion cannot be dried quickly or vaporized in the air.

The present invention has been developed to solve these conventional disadvantages. An important object of the present invention is to allow a liquid to be ejected to extremely small particles and not to clog various liquids. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and a nozzle for injecting a liquid that can be used in a state into fine particles.

It is a further important object of the present invention to provide a method and a nozzle for ejecting liquid capable of ejecting fine droplets to fine particles by increasing the ejection amount per unit time.

Still another important object of the present invention is that
If necessary, it is also possible to spray the liquid on the hollow cone,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and a nozzle for injecting a liquid that can be dried efficiently or vaporized to fine particles when the liquid is sprayed on a hollow cone.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventor has prototyped a nozzle having a structure shown in FIG.
The nozzle in this figure has a triple tube structure in order to eject the liquid in a ring shape, instead of ejecting the liquid from the center. Air is injected from the center and the outer circumference, and liquid is injected in a ring shape from the intermediate supply port 5. Using a nozzle of this structure, atomizing air of 6.5 kg / cm ² from the center and spreading air of 1 kg / cm ² from the outer periphery to obtain fine particles with a particle diameter of 5 μm. Successful. However, in the nozzle having this structure, it is extremely difficult to adjust the supply port 5 for ejecting the liquid, and if the adjustment is shifted, the particle diameter of the fine particles rapidly increases to 20 to 30 μm or more. The supply port 5 is adjusted at a relative position between the inner ring and the intermediate ring.

The present inventor has further developed a nozzle having a structure shown in FIG. The nozzle shown in this figure was developed by making atomized air and spreading air collide at an acute angle to obtain fine droplets.
When the collision angle between the atomizing air and the spreading air is designed to be 25 degrees in the nozzle having this structure, fine particles of 10 μm or less can be obtained. However, in order to realize this, the tips of the two rings 6 constituting the supply port 5 have extremely sharp angles, and the production becomes extremely difficult.

In order to obtain fine particles, the inventor of the present invention sprays a liquid in a thin pointed shape or a thin film like a nozzle of a double tube, and converts the liquid into fine particles with air. Was considered an essential component. Certainly, this structure allows the liquid to be sprayed on fine droplets. However, in order to realize this structure, it is necessary to make the supply port for ejecting the liquid extremely thin or to make the slit extremely narrow, which is disadvantageous in that the liquid is easily clogged and the ejection ability per time is reduced.

The method and nozzle for injecting liquid into fine particles according to the present invention have succeeded in injecting liquid into fine particles by a new method different from the conventional principle. In the method of the present invention for injecting a liquid onto fine particles, a liquid is supplied from a supply port 5 to an inclined surface 7 as shown in FIG. The liquid supplied to the inclined surface 7 is thinly stretched by an air flow that flows at high speed along the inclined surface 7 to become a thin film flow 8. The thin film flow 8 is accelerated by the air flow and is jetted into the gas from the tip of the inclined surface 7 to become droplets 9 of fine particles.

Further, according to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for injecting a liquid into fine particles, as shown in FIG. 6 showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The liquid supplied to the inclined surface 7 is thinly stretched by an air flow that flows at high speed along the inclined surface 7 to form a thin film flow 8.
Further, the thin film flow 8 is jetted into the gas from the edge of the tip of the inclined surface 7 to form fine particles.

Further, the nozzle for ejecting the liquid to the fine particles according to the fourth aspect of the present invention has the following configuration. This nozzle has an inclined surface 7 that flows a liquid to form a thin film flow, and is an improved nozzle that jets a thin film flow of a liquid flowing on the inclined surface 7 into air as fine particles. This nozzle makes the inclined surface 7 a smooth surface in the flow direction of the liquid, and injects pressurized air to the inclined surface 7,
An air port 10 for creating an air flow that flows at a high speed in a certain direction in parallel with the inclined surface 7 while being in contact with the inclined surface 7;
A supply port 5 for supplying a liquid so as to intersect the flow direction of the air flow is provided in the middle of the inclined surface 7 that allows the air flow to flow at a high speed. The liquid supplied to the inclined surface 7 from the supply port 5 is
The method is characterized in that the thin film flow is pressed against a smooth surface by a high-speed flowing air flow and becomes a thin and stretched thin film flow, and the thin film flow is jetted as fine particles into the air by the air flow.

Further, a nozzle for injecting a liquid into fine particles according to a fifth aspect of the present invention has the following configuration. (A) The nozzle is a supply port 5 for ejecting the liquid in a ring shape.
And an inclined surface 7 for flowing the liquid ejected from the supply port 5 and an air port 10 for injecting pressurized air to the inclined surface 7.
And (B) The supply port 5 is formed in a slit shape having a predetermined width. (C) The supply port 5 is formed in a ring shape. (D) The supply port 5 is opened in the middle of the inclined surface 7. (E) The angle α of the supply port 5 with respect to the inclined surface 7 is designed to be obtuse. (F) The inclined surface 7 is a smooth surface in the flow direction of the liquid. (G) The air port 10 is open toward the supply port 5 which is opened in the middle of the inclined surface 7. (H) A sharp edge 7A is provided at the tip of the inclined surface 7. (I) The air port 10 is opened on both sides of the edge 7A, and is configured so that pressurized air is jetted on both sides of the edge 7A.

Further, in the nozzle according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the helical rib 22 is provided in the air passage 1. The helical rib 22 rotates the air jetted from the air port 10 in a spiral shape and jets the air uniformly.

Further, in the nozzle according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a helical rib 22 for spirally rotating air flowing in the axial direction is disposed in the air passage 1 communicating with the air ports 10 opened on both sides of the edge 7A. doing. Helical rib 22
Are provided so as to rotate the air jetted from the air ports 10 on both sides of the edge 7A in opposite directions.

[0020]

According to the present invention, a liquid is formed into fine particles in a unique state and ejected. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the method of the present invention for injecting a liquid onto fine particles uses an airflow that flows at high speed along the inclined surface 7 to thinly stretch the liquid sent to the inclined surface 7 to form a thin film flow 8. I do. The thin film flow 8 flowing along the inclined surface 7 is too thin to be in a film state when leaving the inclined surface 7, and is broken into small droplets 9 by surface tension to form fine droplets 9. In the present invention, the liquid is sprayed as a thin film flow 8 in the form of fine particles by the air flow. Therefore, as before,
There is a feature that the liquid can be converted into ultrafine particles without spraying the liquid in a thin film state. This can effectively prevent clogging of the liquid supply port 5, and further simplifies processing of the supply port 5.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a sharp edge 7A is provided at the tip of the inclined surface 7, and when the atomized air and the spreading air collide with the edge 7A, the air can vibrate violently. Pneumatic vibration has the effect of further breaking down the liquid into fine particles.

Further, in the nozzle of the present invention, a ring-shaped edge 7A is provided at the tip of the inclined surface 7, and a liquid can be ejected from the edge 7A so that droplets can be ejected to fine particles in a hollow cone state. The droplet ejected by the hollow cone is
It can be dried or vaporized efficiently.

The nozzle of the sixth aspect injects air uniformly from the air port 10. This is because the helical rib 22 provided in the air passage 1 spins air flowing in the axial direction. The spinned air is pressed against the tube wall by centrifugal force and spreads on the circumference. Then, the gas uniformly flows into the air port 10 of the ring-shaped slit, and is jetted uniformly and stably.

Further, the nozzle of claim 7 is an improved version of the nozzle of claim 5, in which the air flowing into the air passage 1 communicating with the air ports 10 opened on both sides of the edge 7A is rotated by the air flowing in the axial direction. A helical rib 22 is provided. The air jetted from the air ports 10 on both sides of the edge 7A have opposite spins to each other, and at the time of mist formation at the tip of the edge 7A, the twisting action of both airs is added to increase the fine particle crushing effect and produce smaller fine particles. Can be.

[0025]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the following examples illustrate a method and a nozzle for injecting a liquid to fine particles for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention describes a method and a nozzle for injecting a liquid to fine particles. Not specified below.

Further, in this specification, in order to make it easy to understand the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as “claims”, “action”, and “action”. In the column of "Means for solving the problem". However, the members shown in the claims are
It is by no means specific to the members of the embodiment.

The nozzle for ejecting the liquid to the fine particles shown in FIG. 5 includes a supply port 5 for ejecting the liquid in a ring shape, an inclined surface 7 for flowing the liquid ejected from the supply port 5, and an inclined surface 7 for the liquid. And an air port 10 for injecting pressurized air.

The nozzle shown in FIG.
, An intermediate ring 12 and an outer ring 13. A supply port 5 is provided between the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12, an air path 14 for atomizing air is provided at the center of the inner ring 11, and a supply path 15 for spreading air is provided between the intermediate ring 12 and the outer ring 13. ing.

The inner ring 11 has a cylindrical outer shape, and the intermediate ring 12 has an inner cylindrical shape. The slit-shaped supply port 5 having a predetermined width is provided between the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12. I have. The supply port 5 is formed in a ring shape, and the slit width is designed to be a width that does not block the liquid.
The nozzle of the present invention does not need to send out the liquid from the supply port 5 as a thin film. This is because the liquid is thinly stretched on the inclined surface 7 and ejected as fine particles. Therefore, the slit width of the supply port 5 is designed to be an optimum value in consideration of the flow rate of the liquid to be sent out, the length of the inclined surface 7, the flow velocity of the atomized air injected to the inclined surface 7, the inner diameter of the supply port 5, and the like. You. For example, the slit width of the supply port 5 is 0.2-1.
5 mm, preferably 0.4-1 mm, optimally about 0.8
mm.

The diameter of the supply port 5 depends on the flow rate of the liquid to be jetted,
It is designed to an optimum value in consideration of the dimensions of the slit width and the like. The diameter of the supply port 5 is designed to be, for example, about 50 mmφ in a nozzle that ejects a liquid at 1000 g / min. The supply port 5 is designed to have a large diameter when the flow rate is large, and to be small when the flow rate is small.

The outer peripheral portion of the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 1
2 is cut into a tapered shape to form an inclined surface 7.
It has become. The inclined surfaces 7 of the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12 are flush with each other so that the flowing air injected along the inclined surface 7 of the inner ring 11 does not become turbulent at the boundary between the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12. Is formed. When the inclined surfaces 7 of the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12 are on the same plane, no step is formed between the inclined surfaces 7 of the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12, and the inclined surface 7 of the inner ring 11 Means a state where air flows linearly. As described above, in order to machine the inclined surface 7 of the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12 into a tapered shape on the same plane, the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12 may be connected and tapered. Furthermore, the inclined surface 7 is a smooth surface along the liquid flowing direction so that the liquid flowing along the inclined surface does not become turbulent. The inclined surface 7 of the nozzle shown in the figure has a conical shape and is entirely smooth.

By providing the inclined surface 7 on the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12, the supply port 5 is opened in the middle of the inclined surface 7. The inclination angle α of the inclined surface 7 provided on the inner ring 11 and the intermediate ring 12 is, for example, 100 to 170 so that the angle of the supply port 5 with respect to the inclined surface 7 is obtuse.
Degree, preferably 120 to 160 degree, more preferably 1 degree
It is designed at 30-160 degrees, optimally about 150 degrees. The larger the inclination angle α, the more stable the outflow of the liquid. However, the optimum value of the inclination angle α changes depending on the slit width. The inclination angle α is preferably such that the opening width of the supply port 5 on the inclined surface 7 is 2 mm.
Is designed not to exceed.

At the end of the inner ring 11, a center ring 16 is provided.
The air port 10 is opened between the center ring 16 and the inner ring 11. The center ring 16
Although not shown, it is fixed to the inner ring 11 and disposed at a predetermined position. The outer peripheral surface of the center ring 16 is formed into a tapered shape along the inclined surface 7 of the inner ring 11. Air port 1 formed between center ring 16 and inner ring 11
Reference numeral 0 denotes a slit shape, from which pressurized air is jetted in a laminar flow state to flow at high speed along the inclined surface 7.

The air passage 14 of the inner ring 11 is connected to a source of pressurized air F. The air port 10 injects atomized air flowing along the inclined surface 7. The air source F is, for example, 3 to 20 kg / cm ² , preferably 4 to 15 kg / cm ² .
Air of 10 cm ² , more preferably 4 to 10 kg / cm ² , and most preferably about 6.5 kg / cm ² is supplied to the air port 10. If the air pressure of the atomizing air is increased, the slope 7
The velocity of the air flowing at a high speed along the air becomes faster, and the liquid can be more effectively stretched thinly to make the liquid into small droplets 9 of fine particles. However, when the air pressure is increased, a special compressor is required, and the energy consumption is also increased. Therefore, it is designed to an optimum value in consideration of the required droplet particle size and the energy consumption.

Further, the nozzle shown in FIG. 5 sprays spreading air on the outer periphery of the inclined surface 7 in addition to the atomized air. However, it is not always necessary to spray the spreading air. This is because the liquid can be formed into fine droplets by atomizing air without spraying the spraying air. The nozzle that sprays the atomizing air and the spreading air has a characteristic that the atomizing air and the spreading air collide with the edge 7A of the inclined surface 7 so that the droplet 9 can be converted into a liquid of smaller fine particles. Furthermore, the angle of the hollow cone can be adjusted with spreading air. Also, depending on the properties of the liquid, separation at the edge 7A is poor, and the liquid may flow backward on the spreading air side.
Spreading air can prevent this.

The spreading air is applied to the intermediate ring 1
It is injected from a spreading air injection port 17 provided between the outer ring 2 and the outer ring 13. Spreading air is lower-pressure air than atomized air. For example, when the atomizing air is about 6.5 kg / cm ² , the spreading air can be about 1 kg / cm ² . Spreading air can be set, for example, in the range of 0.5 to ³ kg / cm ² because it is not necessary to forcibly stretch the liquid thinly like atomized air.

In the nozzle for jetting both the atomizing air and the spreading air, the tip of the inclined surface 7 has a sharp edge 7A. The intermediate ring 12 is provided with an inclined surface 7 at the distal end surface, and the outer periphery of the distal end is machined into a cylindrical shape.
Is provided with an edge 7A at the front end. The intermediate ring 12 having this shape can form a sharp edge 7 </ b> A of (180 degrees−the inclination angle α) at the tip of the inclined surface 7. However, although not shown, the outer periphery of the intermediate ring 12 may be processed into a tapered shape to adjust the angle of the edge 7A.

The nozzle shown in FIG. 5 ejects the liquid in the form of fine particles in the following state. Atomized air that is pressurized is supplied to an air passage 14 provided at the center of the inner ring 11, and spreading air is supplied to a spreading air injection port 17 between the intermediate ring 12 and the outer ring 13. The liquid is sent to the inclined surface 7. The liquid supplied to the inclined surface 7 is thinly stretched by atomizing air flowing at high speed along the inclined surface 7 to become a thin film flow 8. For example, if the atomized air is caused to flow along the inclined surface 7 at a flow rate of Mach 1.5 and the liquid is sent out to the supply port 5 and the flow rate at the leading end of the thin film flow 8 is set to 1/20 of the atomized air, 25 0.5 m / s. Assuming that the diameter of the edge 7A provided at the tip of the inclined surface 7 is 50 mm, the liquid is supplied at 1 liter / minute, and the film pressure of the thin film flow 8 becomes 4 μm.

When the thin film flow 8 of 4 μm passes the edge 7 A of the inclined surface 7, it is too thin to be in a film state, and is broken into small particles 9 by the surface tension to form droplets 9 of fine particles.

The droplet 9 of the fine particles collides with the atomizing air and the spreading air at the edge 7A, and rubs and vibrates to make the droplet 9 smaller.

The droplets 9 of fine particles are carried radially by atomizing air and spreading air.
This state is called a hollow cone. The cone angle of the hollow cone is determined by the angle of the inclined surface 7, but can also be adjusted by the injection pressure of the atomizing air and the spreading air.

The droplet 9 ejected in the state of a hollow cone is
It is dried to become fine powder of fine particles, or is vaporized in the air. Whether the droplets are made into fine powder or vaporized is specified by the type of liquid to be ejected. For example, when a chemical solution that becomes a solid when dried into a liquid is used, it becomes a powder of fine particles. When a liquid is used that becomes a gas when it is vaporized like water, the sprayed liquid is vaporized.

FIG. 6 shows a nozzle in which the liquid A and the liquid B are mixed to form fine powder of fine particles. The nozzle shown in FIG.
The intermediate ring 12 of the nozzle shown in FIG.
A and the outer intermediate ring 12B have a double tube structure. A supply port 5 for the liquid B is provided between the inner intermediate ring 12A and the outer intermediate ring 12B. Ring-shaped inner intermediate ring 1
2A is provided with a tapered inclined surface 7 on the inner side surface and the outer side surface, and the tip is a sharp edge 7A. The tip surface of the outer intermediate ring 12B is also tapered to form the inclined surface 7. The inclined surface 7 of the outer intermediate ring 12B is connected to the same plane as the inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12A.

The nozzle shown in FIG.
A has an inclined surface 7 on the inner side surface and the outer side surface. A supply port 5 for the liquid A is provided on the inclined surface 7 provided inside, and a supply port 5 for the liquid B is provided on the outer inclined surface 7. In order that both A liquid and B liquid can be thinly stretched on the inclined surface 7 by atomizing air,
The air port 10 of the inner ring 11 and the outer intermediate ring 12B
High-pressure atomized air is injected from both the spreading air injection port 17 between the outer ring 13 and the outer ring 13.

The nozzle having this structure can inject the liquid A and the liquid B which are not mixed in a liquid state, and can uniformly disperse the liquid A and the liquid B. For example, a methylene chloride-based liquid that is insoluble in water can be injected into the liquid A, and a water-based binding liquid can be injected into the liquid B. However, the nozzle having this structure can branch the same liquid and spray it from two supply ports. If the same liquid is branched into two and jetted, the flow rate of the liquid jetted from one of the supply ports can be halved. For this reason, the liquid on the inclined surface can be converted into a thinner film flow to be fine particles.

From the nozzle shown in FIG.
When the liquid and the B liquid are simultaneously ejected, the result is as shown in FIG. Solution A does not dissolve in water-based solution B. Therefore, droplets 9 of both the liquid A and the liquid B are formed at the same time. When the droplets 9 are sprayed in hot air at 60 ° C., the methylene chloride of the liquid A evaporates and the liquid droplets 9 of the liquid A are dried to become fine powder. Even when the droplet A of the liquid A is dried, the droplet 9 of the liquid B is not dried yet. The liquid B is in a state of a droplet 9 having a high concentration because a part of water is vaporized. Then, the fine particles of the liquid A and the liquid B are uniformly dispersed with each other. Thereafter, the droplet 9 of the liquid B adheres to the fine powder of the liquid A, some of which cover the surface of the fine powder of the liquid A, and another binds the fine powder of the liquid A. The fine powders of the liquid A coated on the liquid B are combined with each other and grow into larger particles to be granulated. When used in this manner, the nozzle shown in FIG. 6 can simultaneously perform spray drying of liquid and granulation. Moreover, there is a feature that the A liquid and the B liquid can be uniformly dispersed and granulated.

Further, the medicine A and the medicine B are
Can be made. A solid dispersion is a material in which the components constituting the primary particles are two or more kinds, and the molecules as the components are mixed to form a solid.

The usual method for producing a solid dispersion in which the medicine A and the medicine B are mixed is obtained by spray-drying a solution in which the medicine A and the medicine B are dissolved in a mixture of the solvent C and the solvent D. However, the chemical A has the property of causing decomposition, although slowly, with the solvent D.
It cannot be dissolved unless it is a mixture of Therefore, in order to eliminate the decomposition of the drug A, the drug A is dissolved in the solvent C to obtain a liquid A, the drug B is dissolved in a mixed liquid of the solvent C and the solvent D to obtain a liquid B, and the liquid A and the liquid B are mixed with the nozzle. Spray. Edge 7A
A liquid and B liquid supplied to both sides of are mixed at the edge 7A and fly as a mist, and this mist is
When sprayed in hot air, it is heated and causes boiling evaporation.
At this time, the two liquids are completely mixed by boiling vibration and dried to obtain a solid dispersion of an ultrafine powder. In this case, the chemical A encounters the solvent D only instantaneously in the mist state, so that decomposition does not occur, and a solid dispersion of the chemicals A and B with good quality is obtained.

The nozzle shown in FIG.
The inclined surfaces 7 are provided on both the inner and outer surfaces of A, and two different liquids are supplied to the inner and outer inclined surfaces 7. The nozzle shown in FIG. 8 is provided with a plurality of supply ports 5 in the middle of the inclined surface 7. The nozzle having this structure can supply several kinds of foreign liquids from the plurality of supply ports 5 and simultaneously spray them.
Depending on the combination of liquids supplied to the supply port 5, multifunctional composite particles having new characteristics can be produced. For example, several kinds of liquids which have been heated and melted in advance are simultaneously sprayed in cold air, or several kinds of solutions prepared using several kinds of soluble or insoluble solvents are simultaneously sprayed in hot air. Thus, multifunctional composite particles suitable for the purpose can be produced by selecting the solute and the solvent and setting the temperature of the dry air.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a nozzle capable of forming finer particles. The nozzles shown in these figures are:
As in the nozzle shown in FIG. 6, the intermediate ring 12 has a double-pipe structure of an inner intermediate ring 12A and an outer intermediate ring 12B. A supply port 5 for the liquid B is provided between the inner intermediate ring 12A and the outer intermediate ring 12B. The ring-shaped inner intermediate ring 12A is provided with a tapered inclined surface 7 on both the inner surface and the outer surface, and the tip thereof has a sharp edge 7A.
And The tip surface of the outer intermediate ring 12B is also tapered to form the inclined surface 7.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the inclined surface. As shown in this figure, the inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12A has a slight step in the vicinity of the supply port 5 with respect to an extension of the inclined surface 7 of the outer intermediate ring 12B and the inner ring 11 located on both sides thereof. It is designed to be low. The nozzle having the inclined surface of this shape has a feature that the high-speed air flow flowing along the inclined surface 7 smoothly discharges the liquid from the supply port 5 as shown by the arrow. This is because the inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12A does not project from the inclined surfaces 7 on both sides. Although not shown, the inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12A is not shown.
However, when projecting from the extension of the inclined surface 7 located on both sides,
The air collides with the protruding portion and the liquid cannot be discharged smoothly.

Further, the nozzle shown in the enlarged view of FIG.
The inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12 </ b> A is curved so that the tip portion protrudes from an extension of the adjacent inclined surface 7. Inner intermediate ring 12A having this shape
In the inclined surface 7, the air flow flowing at high speed along the inclined surface 7 in the direction of the arrow is strongly pressed against the inclined surface 7 at the tip end portion, and the thin film flow of the liquid flowing on the inclined surface 7 can be extended thinner. . For this reason, the nozzle having this structure has a feature that the liquid can be ejected as extremely fine particles, for example, fine particles of 1 to 5 μm.

The nozzle shown in FIG.
If the angles of 2B, the inner intermediate ring 12A, and the tip of the inner ring 11 are designed as shown in the figure, the liquid can be ejected with a hollow cone.

The nozzle shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 9 has a spreading air injection port 17 and a permeable member 18 at the tip of the center ring 16 and the outer ring 13 constituting the air port 10. . The air-permeable member 18 has air-permeability that allows air to be injected into the air port 10 to penetrate and jet from the surface. The gas permeable member 18 is, for example, a sintered metal made of stainless steel having an average particle diameter of about 1 μm. The air-permeable member 18 has an effect of injecting a part of the air injected from the air port 10 from the surface, thereby preventing mist from adhering to the surfaces of the center ring 16 and the outer ring 13 at the tip.

FIG. 12 shows a nozzle capable of ejecting fine particles to both the hollow cone and the full cone. FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a main part of the tip of the nozzle shown in FIG. This nozzle is also similar to the nozzle shown in FIG.
Has a double tube structure of the inner intermediate ring 12A and the outer intermediate ring 12B. A supply port 5 for the liquid B is provided between the inner intermediate ring 12A and the outer intermediate ring 12B. The ring-shaped inner intermediate ring 12A has tapered inclined surfaces 7 on both the inner surface and the outer surface, and the tip is a sharp edge 7A. The tip surface of the outer intermediate ring 12B is a straight inclined surface 7.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the inclined surface 7 provided on the inner intermediate ring 12A. The nozzle shown in FIG.
Similarly to the nozzle shown in FIG. 5, the inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12A is slightly stepped near the supply port 5 with respect to the extension of the inclined surface 7 of the outer intermediate ring 12B and the inner ring 11 located on both sides thereof. Is designed to be low. Also in the nozzle having the inclined surface 7 having this shape, the high-speed airflow flowing along the inclined surface 7 as shown by the arrow smoothly discharges the liquid from the supply port 5.

Further, in the nozzle shown in FIG. 14, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 7 of the inner intermediate ring 12A is changed in the middle, and the tip portion is formed so as to protrude from the extension of the adjacent inclined surface 7. I have. Inner intermediate ring 1 having this shape
In the 2A inclined surface 7, the air flow flowing at high speed along the inclined surface 7 in the direction of the arrow is strongly pressed against the inclined surface 7 at the tip portion, and the thin film flow of the liquid flowing on the inclined surface 7 can be thinly elongated. . Therefore, the nozzle having this structure has a feature that the liquid can be jetted as finer particles.

Further, the nozzle shown in this figure includes an outer ring 13, an outer intermediate ring 12B, and an inner intermediate ring 1B.
By designing the angle between 2A and the tip of the inner ring 11 as shown in the figure, the liquid can be jetted with both a hollow cone and a full cone. In order to inject the liquid into the hollow cone, the injection pressure of the atomized air injected from the air port 10 between the center ring 16 and the inner ring 11 is injected from the air port 10 between the outer intermediate ring 12B and the outer ring 13. Higher than the atomizing air injection pressure. Conversely, the injection pressure of the atomized air injected from the air port 10 between the outer intermediate ring 12B and the outer ring 13 is reduced by the center ring 16
When the pressure is higher than the injection pressure of the atomized air injected from the air port 10 between the inner ring 11 and the inner ring 11, the liquid can be injected in a full cone state.

In the nozzle shown in FIG. 12, similarly to the nozzle shown in FIG. 9, the distal end portions of the center ring 16 and the outer ring 13 constituting the air port 10 are used as the air-permeable member 18 to form the center ring 16 and the outer ring 13. Mist is prevented from adhering to the surface.

Further, the nozzle shown in FIG. 15 has a unique structure for preventing mist from adhering without using a gas permeable member. In the nozzle of this figure, an air separation recess 19 is provided on the tip end surface of the center ring 16, and the air separation recess 19 is provided inside the supply port 5 and on the tip end surface of the nozzle. The air separation recess 19 is provided with a through hole 20 provided in the center ring 16.
Is connected to the air passage 1 between the inner ring 11 and the center ring 16. As shown in FIG. 16, the through hole 20 is opened in a direction in which the jetted air is rotated by the air separating recess 19, that is, inclined in a tangential direction from the radial direction. The surface of the air separation recess 19 is a smooth surface that can flow in a laminar flow state without disturbing air. Further, the outer peripheral portion of the air separation recess 19 has a streamline similar to the wing of an airplane, and is smoothly curved toward the air port 10.

[0061] The nozzle having this structure is configured to supply pressurized air with
When the air is jetted from the through-hole 20 to the air separation recess 19 in a tangential direction, the air collides with the inner surface of the tapered air separation recess 19 and forms a swirling flow while spreading thinly. At this time, the ratio of the airflow toward the exit direction (upward in the figure) of the air separation recess 19 can be changed by the taper angle (θ) of the air separation recess 19. Assuming that the taper angle (θ) is 15 degrees as shown in the figure, the swirling airflow toward the outlet direction is 70%, and the remaining 30% is the swirling airflow toward the bottom of the air separation recess 19 and reaches the bottom. Then, reduce the wind speed and head toward the exit. Then, the air is caught in the above-described 70% high-speed swirling airflow and discharged from the air separation recess 19.

The high-speed swirling airflow of the air flowing along the inner surface of the air separation concave portion 19 climbs the tapered surface and the slope of the streamline portion of the airfoil, and flows along the airfoil surface when reaching the tip. Then, it is drawn into the atomized air injected from the air passage 1 provided between the inner ring 11 and the center ring 16. The streamlined airfoil is smoothly curved toward the air port 10 so that air flows along the surface and creates an air layer that flows in front of the center ring 16.

Since the entire front surface of the center ring 16 is covered with the flowing air layer, mist sprayed from the supply port 5 does not adhere. The through hole 20 is provided in the air peeling concave portion 1.
The number is preferably about six so that air can be uniformly jetted from nine. However, the number of through holes can be further increased. Furthermore, when the shape of the through-hole is made slit-like and the width is widened, air can be uniformly blown out of the air separation recess with less than five through-holes.

In this structural nozzle, since the front surface of the nozzle is covered with an air layer, the flying mist is blown off by the streamline airflow, which is a flowing air layer, without adhering to the surface. Further, the nozzle having this structure can achieve the same effect with a smaller amount of air than the method of preventing powder adhesion by air laying by the permeable member 18 described above.

Further, the nozzle shown in FIG.
0 shows a nozzle for uniformly ejecting air and liquid from the supply port 5. In the nozzle of this figure, a helical rib 22 is provided in the air passage 1 and the liquid passage 21. Air path 1 and liquid path 21
Are provided with ribs between the rings for centering when assembling the rings, that is, for making the centers of all the rings exactly coincide with each other. By contacting the tips of the ribs, the rings are centered and assembled accurately.

The ribs are evenly provided between the rings as shown in FIG. The nozzle in this figure is provided with four ribs, but at least three ribs are provided to make the entire circumference of the ring interval uniform. As shown in this figure, when the ribs are straight ribs 23 extending in the flow direction of the fluid, the fluid travels straight and passes between the ribs. The fluid that has passed through the straight ribs 23 is coarse,
There is dense unevenness. The portion of the straight rib 23 is rough, and the space between the straight ribs 23 is dense.

In order to solve this phenomenon, as shown in FIG. 19, when the straight rib is replaced with a helical rib 22 which is deformed in a spiral shape, the fluid passing between the helical ribs 22 is applied with a spin, and the fluid with the spin is applied. It is pressed against the tube wall by centrifugal force and spreads on the circumference to become uniform. In FIG. 19, a helical rib 22 provided in the air passage 1
Is preferably about 30 degrees. The inclination angle α is an angle with respect to the center line of the helical rib 22. Since the air has a high flow velocity, spin can be sufficiently applied by reducing the inclination angle α. When the inclination angle α is increased, spin is applied well, but the air passage resistance increases. The inclination angle α of the helical rib 22 is, for example, 10 to 45 degrees, preferably 15 to 40 in consideration of the spin and passage resistance of air.
Degrees, more preferably 20 to 35 degrees.

The nozzle shown in FIG. 17 is provided with a helical rib 22 for spinning air flowing in the axial direction and rotating the air spirally in the air passage 1 communicating with the air ports 10 opened on both sides of the edge 7A. I have. The air jetted from the air ports 10 on both sides of the edge 7A is jetted toward the edge 7A while rotating in opposite directions. The nozzle of this structure makes the atomized air flowing on both sides of the edge 7A reverse to each other, and at the time of mist formation at the tip of the edge 7A, the twisting action of both airs is added, the mist pulverizing effect is increased, and the smaller mist is reduced. Can be made.

However, in the nozzle of the present invention, it is not always necessary to make the atomized air flowing on both sides of the edge reverse spin, and the atomized air on both sides of the edge can be spun in the same direction. Further, in a nozzle having a plurality of air ports, it is not necessary to spin air jetted from all the air ports. Therefore, a helical rib can be provided only in a specific air passage.

Further, the nozzle shown in FIG.
The helical rib 22 is also provided in the first embodiment. Since the liquid has a lower flow velocity than air, the inclination angle α of the helical rib 22 is
Is increased to about 60 degrees. The inclination angle α is, for example,
It can be in the range of 30 to 70 degrees, preferably 45 to 65 degrees. Inclination angle α of helical rib 22 of liquid path 21
Also, as in the case of the helical rib 22 of the air passage 1, when the size is increased, the spin of the liquid can be increased, but the flow resistance of the liquid increases. For this reason, the inclination angle α of the helical rib 22
Is designed to an optimum value in consideration of the flow resistance and spin of the liquid.

[0071]

The method and nozzle of the present invention for injecting a liquid into fine particles have the following excellent features. The liquid can be ejected to extremely small particles, and various liquids can be continuously ejected for a long time without being clogged. That is, instead of injecting a liquid from a very small hole or a very narrow slit and spraying the liquid into the fine particles, the present invention uses a stream of air flowing at a high speed on a smooth surface to spread the liquid thinly and then spray the liquid into fine particles. Because the liquid is constantly self-cleaning the smooth surface. The present invention has the advantage that droplets can be ejected as extremely small particles at a flow rate of air flowing along a smooth surface because the liquid is drawn into a thin film flow to form droplets of fine particles.

It is possible to increase the amount of ejection per unit time and to eject fine droplets. By the way, the nozzle prototyped by the present inventor succeeded in injecting 1000 g of liquid per minute and injecting droplets of fine particles having a particle diameter of 10 μm or less.

The nozzle according to claim 5 of the present invention can also inject a liquid to the hollow cone if necessary. There is a feature that the liquid can be sprayed onto the hollow cone to be dried efficiently or vaporized. However, the method and the nozzle of the present invention for injecting a liquid to fine particles can also inject a liquid to a full cone. That is, it can be sprayed in both full cone and hollow cone states so as to be optimal for the application.

In the nozzle according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, inclined surfaces may be provided on both sides of the edge, and different liquids may be supplied to the two inclined surfaces to form fine particles of a solid dispersion. If necessary, spray drying and granulation can be performed simultaneously.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional nozzle for injecting liquid into fine particles.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another conventional nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle which injects a liquid to fine particles, which was previously developed by the present inventors.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle developed by the inventor following the nozzle of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a process diagram showing a state where droplets ejected from the nozzle of FIG. 6 are dried and granulated.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the nozzle shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view showing a tip portion of an inner intermediate ring of the nozzle shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the nozzle shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged sectional view showing a tip portion of an inner intermediate ring of the nozzle shown in FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view of the air separation recess shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle for ejecting liquid to fine particles according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a front view and a plan view of a conventional straight rib provided between rings.

19 is a front view and a plan view of a helical rib provided between the rings shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Airway 2 ... Primary mist 3 ... Secondary mist 4 ... Center hole 5 ... Supply port 6 ... Ring 7 ... Inclined surface 7A ... Edge 8 ... Thin film flow 9 ... Droplet 10 ... Air port 11 ... Inner ring 12 ... Middle Ring 12A: Inside intermediate ring 12
B: outer intermediate ring 13: outer ring 14: air path for atomizing air 15 ... supply path for spreading air 16 ... center ring 17 ... spreading air injection port 18 ... air-permeable member 19 ... air separation recess 20 ... through hole 21 ... Liquid passage 22 ... Helical rib 23 ... Straight rib

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-107363 (JP, A) JP-B-45-41522 (JP, B1) Jikyo-sho 44-46 (JP, Y1) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B05B 7/00-7/32 B01F 3/08 B01F 5/20 B05B 1/00-1/36 B05D 1/02

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for injecting a liquid into a thin film flow and injecting the thin film flow into air with a gas flow to inject the liquid into fine particles, wherein pressurized air is released from an air port (10). Injects air into the space to create a high-speed flowing air flow, and also jets the air injected from the air port (10) toward the smooth flow surface of the liquid in the direction of liquid flow. An air flow that flows at a high speed in a certain direction parallel to the surface, and in the middle of a smooth surface where the air flow is flowing at a high speed, intersects the flow direction of the air flow, and between the air flow and the smooth surface. Liquid, and the supplied liquid is pressed against a smooth surface with a high-speed flowing air flow, stretched thinly to form a thin film flow, and separated from the smooth surface to eject the liquid as fine particles. A method of spraying fine particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the smooth surface is an inclined surface. 3. High-speed air flow along two inclined surfaces (7) provided on both sides of the sharp edge (7A) as a boundary, and along the inclined surfaces (7) on both surfaces at the edge (7A). by colliding the air flowing to generate air vibrations Te, in addition, the liquid was fed to the middle of the inclined <br/> surface (7), was fed to the inclined surface (7) liquid, the inclined surface (7 ) Is thinly stretched with an air flow that flows at high speed along the edge (7A) and transferred to the edge (7A) as a thin film flow, and the particles injected into the gas from the edge (7A) are crushed by the air vibration at the edge (7A) tip. A method of injecting liquid onto fine particles. 4. An inclined surface for flowing a liquid to form a thin film flow.
(7) In the nozzle which injects a thin film flow of the liquid flowing on the inclined surface (7) as fine particles into the air, the inclined surface (7) is made a smooth surface in the flow direction of the liquid,
An air port (10) that injects pressurized air onto the inclined surface (7) to create an air flow that flows at a high speed in a certain direction parallel to the inclined surface (7) while contacting the inclined surface (7). ), And a supply port (5) for supplying liquid so as to intersect the flow direction of the air flow in the middle of the inclined surface (7) that allows the air flow to flow at a high speed, and is inclined from the supply port (5). The liquid supplied to the surface (7) is pressed against a smooth surface with a high-speed flowing air flow, stretched thinly to form a thin film flow, and the thin film flow is jetted as fine particles into the air by an air flow. Nozzle to spray to. 5. A nozzle for injecting a liquid having all of the following configurations to fine particles. (A) Nozzle is a supply port that ejects liquid in a ring shape
(5), an inclined surface (7) for flowing the liquid ejected from the supply port (5), and an air port (10) for injecting pressurized air to the inclined surface (7). (B) The supply port (5) is formed in a slit shape having a predetermined width. (C) The supply port (5) is formed in a ring shape. (D) The supply port (5) is opened in the middle of the inclined surface (7). (E) The angle α of the supply port 5 with respect to the inclined surface 7 is designed to be obtuse. (F) The inclined surface (7) is a smooth surface in the flow direction of the liquid. (G) The air port (10) is open toward the supply port (5) opened in the middle of the inclined surface (7). (H) A sharp edge (7A) is provided at the tip of the inclined surface (7). (I) The air port (10) is opened on both sides of the edge (7A), and pressurized air is jetted on both sides of the edge (7A). 6. A nozzle for jetting a liquid having all of the following structures to fine particles. (A) Nozzle is a supply port that ejects liquid in a ring shape
(5) and a cylindrical liquid path (2) for supplying liquid to the supply port (5).
1), an inclined surface (7) through which the liquid ejected from the supply port (5) flows, and an air port (1) that injects pressurized air onto the inclined surface (7).
0) and an air passage (1) for supplying air to the air port (10). (B) The supply port (5) is formed in a slit shape having a predetermined width. (C) The supply port (5) is formed in a ring shape. (D) The supply port (5) is opened in the middle of the inclined surface (7). (E) The angle α of the supply port 5 with respect to the inclined surface 7 is designed to be obtuse. (F) The inclined surface (7) is a smooth surface in the flow direction of the liquid. (G) The air port (10) is open toward the supply port (5) opened in the middle of the inclined surface (7). (H) A helical rib (22) for spirally rotating air flowing in the axial direction is arranged in the air passage (1), and the air injected from the air port (10) is inclined while rotating in a spiral shape. It is configured to be jetted along the surface (7). 7. A nozzle for jetting a liquid having all of the following structures to fine particles. (A) Nozzle is a supply port that ejects liquid in a ring shape
(5), an inclined surface (7) for flowing the liquid ejected from the supply port (5), an air port (10) for injecting pressurized air to the inclined surface (7), and an air port ( 10) Air path for supplying air to (1)
And (B) The supply port (5) is formed in a slit shape having a predetermined width. (C) The supply port (5) is formed in a ring shape. (D) The supply port (5) is opened in the middle of the inclined surface (7). (E) The angle α of the supply port 5 with respect to the inclined surface 7 is designed to be obtuse. (F) The inclined surface (7) is a smooth surface in the flow direction of the liquid. (G) The air port (10) is open toward the supply port (5) opened in the middle of the inclined surface (7). (H) A sharp edge (7A) is provided at the tip of the inclined surface (7). (I) The air port (10) is opened on both sides of the edge (7A), and pressurized air is jetted on both sides of the edge (7A). (J) A helical rib (22) for spirally rotating air flowing in the axial direction is provided in an air passage (1) communicating with an air port (10) opened on both sides of the edge (7A), The configuration is such that air jetted from air ports (10) on both sides of the edge (7A) is jetted toward the edge (7A) while rotating in opposite directions.