JP2790430B2 - Combined heat and power system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To supply an electrical power generated by a private electrical facility by a private power generating facility, utilize waste heat discharged from the private power generating facility to perform a cooling operation and at the same time to enable an entire system to be constructed in less-expensive manner. CONSTITUTION:Hot water of high temperature of waste heat of a gas-engine type power generating machine 1 for generating electrical power supplied to a private electrical facility is supplied to a heat exchanger 9 at a heat source side acting as a heat source, thermal medium is supplied from the heat exchanger 9 at the heat source side to an absorption type freezer 11 under a natural circulating flow, the thermal medium flows under a natural circulation over an evaporator 15 of the absorption type freezer 11 and a heat exchanger 17 for a cooling operation so as to perform a cooling operation. Then, surplus waste heat is discharged through a radiator 19 and a supplying amount of thermal medium for the heat exchanger 17 for the cooling operation is controlled.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention makes it possible to supply electric power to a private electric equipment by a private electric power generation facility, and to perform cooling and further heating by utilizing waste heat from the private electric power generation facility. And a combined heat and power system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional cogeneration system has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-23211. According to this conventional example, the exhaust of the two-shaft gas turbine is supplied to the exhaust heat boiler, the superheated steam generated in the exhaust heat boiler is supplied to the bleed condensing turbine, and the synchronous generator is driven to generate power. And, while obtaining hot water by the exhaust heat from the exhaust heat boiler, bleed air from the bleed condensing turbine is supplied to the absorption refrigerator to obtain cold water, and cooling and heating can be performed by the hot water and the cold water respectively. ing.

In such a conventional example, a pump is generally used to supply cold water to a cooling heat exchanger for cooling. Then, the pump is driven by electric power obtained by the above-described synchronous generator.

[0004]

However, for example, in a building or the like, in order to pump cold water to a large number of places by a pump, there is a disadvantage that a large number of large-capacity pumps are required and initial costs are increased. Furthermore, a large amount of power is consumed for driving the pump, and a large power generation capacity is required as a private power generation facility, which increases the initial cost. On the other hand, when power is externally received, the running cost increases. However, there is a disadvantage that it is expensive in constructing the system.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a combined heat and power system according to the first aspect of the present invention can cover the electric power of the private electric equipment with the electric power generated by the private electric power generation equipment, An object of the present invention is to make it possible to construct the entire system at a low cost while performing cooling using the exhaust heat from the private power generation equipment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a combined heat and power system according to the third aspect of the present invention, which is capable of satisfactorily coping with an increase in cooling load even if the capacity of the power generation equipment is small. It is an object of the present invention to make it possible to perform both heating and heating with a simple configuration and at low cost. Claim 4
Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined heat and power system capable of satisfactorily coping with a change in cooling load exceeding the amount of heat exhausted from the private power generation equipment. The purpose of the co-supply system is to make it possible to more effectively use the waste heat from the private power generation equipment.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combined heat and power system which is provided on a heat source side to a private power generation facility for generating electric power to be supplied to a private electrical facility in order to achieve the above object. A heat source side heat exchanger is attached, and a first natural circulation pipe that naturally circulates and flows a heat medium that changes into a gas and a liquid to the heat source side heat exchanger is connected to the heat source side heat exchanger. An absorption refrigerator is attached to a first natural circulation pipe at an upper position, and a second natural circulation pipe that naturally circulates a heat medium that changes into a gas and a liquid into an evaporator of the absorption refrigerator. Along with connecting the pipes, a cooling heat exchanger to be used on the second natural circulation pipe is provided below the absorption refrigerator, and a radiator is provided for the first natural circulation pipe. And a means for detecting the presence of excess heat and outputting a heat radiation signal. Kicking with, it is constituted by providing a heat radiation control means for actuating the radiator in response to the radiation signal to switch the heat dissipation state.

In order to achieve the above object, the combined heat and power system according to the second aspect of the present invention is provided with an ice maker driven by a private power generator in the combined heat and power system of the first aspect of the invention, and An ice heat storage tank is connected to the ice making machine, a heat exchanger is provided near the evaporator, and the ice heat storage tank and the heat exchanger are connected via a cooling pipe.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combined heat and power system according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the first natural circulation pipe is used as a heating side in the first natural circulation pipe. It is configured with an exchanger.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, in the cogeneration system according to any one of the first to third aspects, the private power generation equipment and the heat source side heat exchanger are eliminated. Connected via a heat recovery pipe, a bypass pipe is connected to the exhaust heat recovery pipe, a heat storage tank is attached to the bypass pipe, and a switching valve for switching between a state of flowing to the bypass pipe and a state of not flowing is provided. Configure.

[0010] The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claims 1 to 4.
In the combined heat and power supply system described in any one of the above, the first natural circulation pipe is provided with a hot water tank.

[0011]

According to the configuration of the combined heat and power system of the first aspect of the invention, while supplying the electric power generated by the private power generation equipment to the private electric equipment, the waste heat from the private power generation equipment is supplied to the heat source side heat exchanger. Then, the heat medium is naturally circulated between the heat source side heat exchanger and the evaporator of the absorption refrigerator, and further, the heat medium is spontaneously circulated between the evaporator and the cooling heat exchanger to cool the air conditioner. It can be carried out. When the amount of heat exhausted from the private power generation equipment is larger than the demand in the cooling heat exchanger, the heat radiation control means switches to a heat radiation state and surplus heat is automatically released from the heat radiator. It is possible to control the supply amount of the heat medium to the cooling heat exchanger while performing the power generation.

According to the configuration of the cogeneration system according to the second aspect of the present invention, ice is stored in the ice heat storage tank at night or the like when power consumption in the private electric equipment is small, and the heat medium is utilized by using the ice. Can be condensed and liquefied.

Further, according to the configuration of the combined heat and power supply system of the invention according to claim 3, heating can be performed by naturally circulating the heat medium between the heat source side heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger.

Further, according to the configuration of the combined heat and power supply system of the invention according to claim 4, when the cooling load is smaller than the amount of power generation, the surplus amount of heat exhausted from the private power generation equipment is supplied to the heat storage tank. However, it is possible to cope with an increase in cooling load such as during the daytime.

Further, according to the configuration of the combined heat and power supply system of the invention according to claim 5, the heat medium can be supplied to the hot water storage tank by natural circulation, and the waste heat from the private power generation equipment can be used for hot water supply and the like. .

[0016]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is an overall system configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a cogeneration system.
A gas engine-type generator as a private power generation facility installed in a basement of a building or the like is shown. The gas engine-type generator 1 has lighting equipment 2 on each floor, a ventilation fan 3, an outlet 4, and a water supply pump 5. .. Are connected to each other, and the electric power generated by the gas engine generator 1 is supplied to the private electric equipment.

An exhaust heat recovery pipe 8 with a pump 7 interposed is connected to the cooling jacket 6 of the gas engine generator 1 and a heat source side heat exchanger 9 serving as a heat source is attached to the exhaust heat recovery pipe 8. Have been.

A first natural circulation pipe 1 that naturally circulates and flows a heat medium which changes into a gas and a liquid into a heat source side heat exchanger 9.
0 is connected to the first natural circulation pipe 1
0 is provided with a regenerator 12 of the absorption refrigerator 11. In the figure, reference numeral 13 denotes a condenser, and 14 denotes an absorber.

A second natural circulation pipe 16 for naturally circulating and flowing a heat medium which changes into a gas and a liquid is connected to the evaporator 15 of the absorption refrigerator 11.
A cooling heat exchanger 17, which is a use side, is attached to the second natural circulation pipe 16 at a position lower than 1.

The first natural circulation pipe 10 is hermetically sealed and has a high pressure resistance, and has a reduced pressure (for example, a pressure sufficient to evaporate water at a temperature of 75 ° C. or more).
Water as a heat medium is enclosed in the cooling jacket 6
Steam is generated by exchanging heat with high-temperature hot water (for example, hot water having a temperature of 90 ° C. or more) sent from the heat source side heat exchanger 9, and the steam constitutes a first natural circulation pipe 10. It rises in the steam pipe 10 a and is supplied to the regenerator 12 of the absorption refrigerator 11, liquefied by heat exchange in the regenerator 12, and the water is passed through the water pipe 10 b constituting the first natural circulation pipe 10. By flowing down, it is configured to return to the heat source side heat exchanger 9, that is, to flow naturally.

In addition, a harmless chlorofluorocarbon gas R134a containing no chlorine is sealed in the second natural circulation pipe 16 as a heat medium that changes phase into a gas and a liquid, and is condensed and liquefied by the evaporator 15 of the absorption refrigerator 11. The discharged chlorofluorocarbon liquid flows down through the liquid pipe 16a constituting the second natural circulation pipe 16 and is supplied to the cooling heat exchangers 17 and evaporates by heat exchange in the cooling heat exchangers 17. The flon gas is configured to rise inside the gas pipe 16b constituting the second natural circulation pipe 16 and return to the evaporator 15, that is, to flow naturally.

A radiator 19 having a radiating fan 18 is attached to the first natural circulation pipe 10 above the absorption refrigerator 11. On the inlet side of the steam to the radiator 19, a pressure sensor 20 as surplus heat detecting means for detecting the presence of surplus heat and outputting a heat radiation signal, and an automatic opening / closing valve 21 which opens at a pressure higher than a set value are interposed. And
A first microcomputer 22 as a heat radiation control unit is connected to the pressure sensor 20, and a fan motor 23 for driving the heat radiation fan 18 is connected to the first microcomputer 22.

The first microcomputer 22 outputs a start signal to the fan motor 23 in response to a heat radiation signal from the pressure sensor 20, thereby outputting the heat radiation fan 1.
8, the radiator 19 is switched to a radiating state, and when the amount of exhaust heat is larger than a required amount such as a cooling load, the excess heat is automatically discharged.

A bypass pipe 26 is connected to the exhaust heat recovery pipe 8 via a distribution valve 24 as a switching valve and a check valve 25, and a heat storage tank 27 is connected to the bypass pipe 26.
Is provided so that a part of the high-temperature hot water sent from the cooling jacket 6 is supplied to the heat storage tank 27, and the heat energy is supplied to the heat storage tank 27 and stored.

A temperature sensor 28 is provided in the heat storage tank 27, and a second microcomputer 29 is connected to the temperature sensor 28, and the second microcomputer 29
Is connected to the distribution valve 24, and stops the heat storage when the temperature of the hot water in the heat storage tank 27 reaches a set high temperature (for example, 85 ° C. or higher), while the set low temperature (for example, 80 ° C. or lower) ), Heat storage is started.

At a location below the radiator 19, a hot water storage tank 30 is attached to the natural circulation pipe 10, so that hot water for hot water supply or the like is obtained by utilizing exhaust heat from the gas engine generator 1. ing.

In the above embodiment, for example, the water pipe 10
As shown by a two-dot chain line in the lower part of FIG.
1 or a steam turbine generator 32 as shown by a two-dot chain line at the lower side of the steam pipe 10a to perform auxiliary power generation. Instead of the electric power, for example, the pump 7 may be driven.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 2 is an overall system configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of a combined heat and power system. The difference from the first embodiment is as follows. That is, the ice making machine 33 is connected to the gas engine type generator 1, and the pump making pipe 34 and the return pipe 35 are connected to the ice making machine 33.
And the ice heat storage tank 36 is connected through the connection. On the other hand, the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the liquid pipe 16a at the outlet side from the evaporator 15.
7 is provided, and the ice heat storage tank 36 and the heat exchanger 37 are provided.
Are connected via cooling pipes 38a and 38b, so that the ice maker 33 can be used at night when power consumption in the private electric equipment is small.
Is driven to make ice, the ice is stored in the ice heat storage tank 36, and the ice is used to promote the condensation and liquefaction of the CFC gas. Other configurations are almost the same as those of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted by retaining the same reference numerals.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 3 is an overall system configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of a combined heat and power system. The difference from the second embodiment is as follows. That is, instead of the cooling heat exchanger 17, a cooling / heating heat exchanger 39 is used, and the cooling / heating heat exchanger 39 is attached to the first natural circulation pipe 10, and the heat source side heat exchange is performed. The steam generated by the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 9 rises in the steam pipe 10a and is supplied to the cooling / heating heat exchangers 39, and is liquefied by the heat exchange in the cooling / heating heat exchangers 39. Water to water pipe 10b
To return to the heat source side heat exchanger 9, that is, to flow naturally, so that heating can be performed by utilizing exhaust heat from the gas engine generator 1. I have. The other configuration is the same as that of the second embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted by retaining the same reference numerals. Instead of the cooling / heating heat exchanger 39, a heating heat exchanger dedicated to heating may be used and provided separately from the cooling heat exchanger 17.

In the above embodiment, the pressure at the steam inlet side is detected to detect the presence of excess heat in order to switch the radiator 19 to the heat radiation state, but the temperature is detected instead of the pressure. You may do it.

In implementing the above cogeneration system, it is possible to cover the power required for the entire building by appropriately setting the capacity of the private power generation facility.
An external power line may be drawn in so that external power can be received, and it may be possible to cope with a large increase in power load.

The private power generation equipment is not limited to the gas engine type generator 1 as in the above-mentioned embodiment, but may be various types such as a diesel engine type generator, a gas turbine type generator or a phosphoric acid type fuel cell. In short, any fuel cell may be used as long as it generates exhaust heat with its power generation.

In the above embodiment, the first natural circulation pipe 1
Although water is sealed at a low pressure in water, the heat medium can be naturally circulated. However, in the present invention, a heat medium such as harmless fluorocarbon gas R134a without chlorine can be used.

As the cooling heat exchanger 17 and the cooling / heating heat exchanger 39, there are various types such as a type in which cool air or hot air is sent by a blower fan, or a radiant panel which performs cooling or heating by radiation. Applicable.

In the above embodiment, the cooling jacket 6 and the heat source side heat exchanger 9 of the gas engine type generator 1 as the private power generation equipment are connected via the exhaust heat recovery pipe 8. The heat source side heat exchanger 9 is directly connected to the cooling jacket 6 so that heat can be transferred from the cooling jacket 6 without providing the pipe 8.
May be provided.

In the above embodiment, the ice heat storage tank 36 is provided on the outlet side from the evaporator 15, but may be provided in parallel with the outlet or on the inlet side to the evaporator 15. .

[0038]

As described above, according to the combined heat and power system of the first aspect of the present invention, the electric power generated by the private power generation equipment is supplied to the private electric equipment, and the waste heat from the private power generation equipment is used. The heat medium is heated and evaporated by heating, the heat medium is naturally circulated between the heat source side heat exchanger and the evaporator of the absorption refrigerator, and the heat medium is further cooled between the evaporator and the cooling heat exchanger. Since cooling is performed by natural circulation, heat transfer power such as a pump is not required to supply a heat medium to the cooling heat exchanger, maintenance is also simplified, and the power of the private electrical equipment is generated by the private power generator. The system can be constructed at a low cost, while cooling with the power generated by the system and using the exhaust heat from the private power generation facilities. Further, when the amount of heat exhausted from the private power generation equipment is larger than the demand in the cooling heat exchanger, the excess heat is automatically released from the radiator and controlled, so that, for example, the discharge amount of a pump or the like is adjusted. The control configuration can be simplified as compared with the case of, for example, and the cost is also low in this respect.

According to the configuration of the cogeneration system according to the second aspect of the present invention, ice is stored in the ice heat storage tank at night or the like when power consumption in the private electric equipment is small, and the heat medium is utilized by using the ice. Is condensed and liquefied. Therefore, even if the capacity of the private power generation equipment is small, it is possible to favorably cope with an increase in the cooling load, and it is more economical.

According to the configuration of the cogeneration system of the third aspect of the present invention, heating is performed by naturally circulating the heat medium between the heat source side heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger. By exhausting heat from the equipment, not only cooling but also heating can be performed simply and inexpensively.

According to the configuration of the combined heat and power supply system of the invention according to claim 4, the surplus heat is supplied to the heat storage tank and stored therein.
It responds when the cooling load increases, such as during the day, so even if there is a change in the cooling load that exceeds the amount of heat exhausted from the private power generation equipment, the heat stored in the heat storage tank can be used to store the insufficient heat. Now you can use it.

Further, according to the combined heat and power supply system of the invention according to claim 5, since the heat medium is supplied to the hot water storage tank by natural circulation using the waste heat from the private power generation equipment and used for hot water supply, etc. Exhaust heat from private power generation equipment can now be used more effectively.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall system configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a cogeneration system.

FIG. 2 is an overall system configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the cogeneration system.

FIG. 3 is an overall system configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of a cogeneration system.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gas engine type generator as private power generation equipment 8 ... Exhaust heat recovery pipe 9 ... Heat source side heat exchanger 10 ... First natural circulation pipe 11 ... Absorption refrigerator 15 ... Evaporator 16 ... First nature Circulation pipe 17 Cooling heat exchanger 19 Radiator 20 Pressure sensor 22 as surplus heat detection means 22 First microcomputer 24 as heat radiation control means 24 Distribution valve 26 as switching valve 26 Bypass pipe 27 Heat storage tank 30 ... Hot storage tank 33 ... Ice making machine 36 ... Ice heat storage tank 37 ... Heat exchanger 38a ... Cooling pipe 38b ... Cooling pipe 39 ... Cooling / heating heat exchanger

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Tokuyuki Akashi 4-1-1-13 Honcho, Chuo-ku, Osaka Takenaka Corporation Osaka Main Store (56) References JP-A-2-118349 (JP, A) 63-40732 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F24F 5/00 102

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A heat source side heat exchanger serving as a heat source is attached to a private power generation facility for generating electric power to be supplied to a private electric facility,
A first natural circulation pipe that naturally circulates and flows a heat medium that changes into a gas and a liquid to the heat source side heat exchanger is connected to the heat source side heat exchanger.
An absorption refrigerator is attached to the natural circulation pipe of the above, and a second natural circulation pipe that naturally circulates and flows the heat medium that changes phase into gas and liquid is connected to the evaporator of the absorption refrigerator. A cooling heat exchanger serving as a use side is attached to the second natural circulation pipe at a position below the absorption refrigerator, and a radiator is attached to the first natural circulation pipe, Excess heat detection means for detecting the presence of excess heat and outputting a heat dissipation signal is provided, and heat dissipation control means operable to switch the radiator to a heat dissipation state in response to the heat dissipation signal is provided. Cogeneration system. 2. An ice maker driven by the private power generator according to claim 1, an ice heat storage tank connected to the ice maker, a heat exchanger provided near an evaporator, and the ice heat storage tank connected to the ice maker. A combined heat and power system in which the heat exchanger is connected via a cooling pipe. 3. The combined heat and power system according to claim 1, wherein the first natural circulation pipe is provided with a heating heat exchanger serving as a use side. 4. The combined heat and power system according to claim 1, wherein the private power generation equipment and the heat source side heat exchanger are connected via a waste heat recovery pipe, and a bypass pipe is connected to the waste heat recovery pipe. And a heat storage tank is attached to the bypass pipe, and a switching valve is provided for switching between a state of flowing to the bypass pipe and a state of not flowing to the bypass pipe. 5. The combined heat and power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the first natural circulation pipe is provided with a hot water storage tank.