JP2720265B2 - Precast basement - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a precast basement composed of a plurality of precast blocks.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the spread of concrete houses, various houses having a basement have been proposed. Conventional techniques for building a basement are roughly classified into the following two. One of them is a method of constructing a basement skeleton by site casting using a formwork, and a method of carrying in and setting a ready-made unit for a basement.

[0003]

The above-mentioned prior art has the following problems.

<A> In the method of placing concrete on site, many steps such as assembling, reinforcing, laying concrete, curing and removing the mold are required, and the burden is large in terms of construction period and construction cost. .

<B> In the method using a ready-made unit, the overall size of the unit tends to increase, which is inconvenient in terms of transportation and carrying in. To solve this inconvenience, it has been proposed to block the hollow unit. However, when the block is formed, the types of blocks increase, and the structural analysis of each block becomes complicated. Also, in the conventional unit-type basement, even when an opening is provided in a part (for example, a ceiling) of the unit, the size is limited to a minimum size in consideration of the influence of earth pressure. for that reason,
Low evaluation as a living space.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide the following precast basement. Precast basement that simplifies design. Precast basement where large openings can be designed for daylighting and ventilation. A precast basement with an opening that can be used as a stairwell for above-ground houses, providing a high degree of design freedom.

[0007]

According to the present invention, in a basement composed of a plurality of precast blocks, a U-shaped lower block having side walls erected on both sides of a bottom plate and side walls formed on both sides of a top plate. An L-shaped block in which a box having a rectangular cross section is assembled by abutting the U-shaped upper blocks, a box unit is constructed by bolting the plurality of boxes, and a side wall is erected on one side of a bottom plate adjacent to the box unit. Are arranged opposite to each other to construct an open unit having an open ceiling, and bolted between the two units in such a manner as to permit deformation of the side wall in the penetrating direction.

[0008]

Embodiment 1 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<A> Overall Configuration FIG. 1 shows an assembly diagram of a precast basement, and FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the completed assembly. This basement is composed of a box unit 10 having a rectangular cross section and this box unit 1
An open unit 20 which is adjacent to 0 and whose upper surface is open is mainly constituted, and a building such as a house can be constructed on the upper part of the basement. Box unit 1
0 and the opposite ends of the opening unit 20
Is closed. Hereinafter, each part will be described in detail.

<B> Box Unit The box unit 10 is composed of a plurality of rectangular boxes 10a, 10b... Vertically dividing a basement, and each box 10a, 10b. And an upper block 12. The lower block 11 is a precast block in which side walls 11b, 11b extending vertically from both ends of the bottom plate 11a are integrally formed, and a sealing material is continuously attached to a joint surface to be joined to another block. The upper block 12 is a precast product integrally formed with side walls 12b, 12b extending vertically from both ends of the top plate 12a.
As in the case of 1, the sealing material 13 is attached to all the joining surfaces to be joined to the other blocks. The side wall 11b of the lower block 11 is set to be longer than the length of the side wall 12b of the upper block 12, and this is designed so that the seam position of the two blocks 11, 12 is increased to minimize the influence of the groundwater level. is there. Both blocks 11 and 12 are side walls 1
The end faces 1b and 12b are abutted, and tightened by a tension bolt 40 inserted from the upper block 11 side to assemble a rectangle. As shown in an enlarged manner in FIG.
A recess 14 is formed on the end face of the box 10a to be joined to the inside of the basement, and a connecting plate 15 having an L-shaped or box-shaped cross section is mounted in the recess 14. Each connecting plate 15 located on the end face side of the box 10a
Has an elongated hole 16 in the horizontal direction.

<C> Opening Unit The opening unit 20 is basically composed of L-shaped blocks 21 and 21 arranged opposite to each other. The L-shaped block 21 is an L-shaped precast block in which a side wall 21b extends vertically from one side of a bottom plate 21a, and a concave portion 22 facing the inside of the basement as shown in FIG. A connecting plate 23 is implanted in the recess 22 in parallel with its end face. The connecting plates 23 are installed in accordance with the installation intervals of the connecting plates 15 of the boxes 10a, 10b. Each connecting plate 23 is provided with a horizontal elongated hole 24. The L-shaped block 21 and the box unit 10 are connected with the connecting plates 15 and 23
Is fastened with a nut 61. still,
The boxes 10a, 10b... Are connected by employing a known connecting means which does not allow deformation.

[0012]

Next, the construction method of the basement will be described.

<A> Assembling of the Box Unit As shown in FIG. 1, a base 50 is constructed at an installation site in a basement. When the base 50 is constructed, a box-shaped pit 51 is buried at a position where the opening unit 20 is to be constructed. Next, after the lower block 11 is suspended on the base 50, the upper block 12 is placed on the lower block 11 and the tension bolt 40.
To fasten the blocks 11 and 12 and sequentially
a and 10b are assembled. Each box 10a,
10b ... are bolted as described above to assemble the box unit 10 surrounded by walls on all sides.

<B> Assembly of Opening Unit Next, each L-shaped block 21 is hung adjacent to the end face of the box 10a, and the box 10a and the L-shaped block 2 are suspended.
1 is bolted in a state that allows sliding in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the basement. At the open ends of the L-shaped blocks 21, 21 installed opposite to each other, the end plate 30 is attached, and concrete is cast between each L-shaped block 21 and the pit 51 to integrate the two L-shaped blocks 21, 21. To assemble the open unit 20 with only the ceiling open,
Complete the construction of the basement. The pit 51 may be omitted in some cases.

<C> Transverse deformation of the basement The box unit 10 is surrounded by walls on all sides, while the open unit 10 opens only the ceiling. For this reason, when a constant earth pressure acts on each side surface of the box unit 10 and the open unit 20 constituting the basement, the variation differs between the units 10 and 20. That is, the opening unit 20 is displaced more than the box unit 10. Assuming that the two boxes 10 and 20 are rigidly connected so as not to be deformed, there is a risk that stress is concentrated on the opening unit 20 and the block is damaged. However, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, this displacement is absorbed by the sliding of the connecting plates 15 and 23 fastened by the bolts 50 and the nuts 51, so that it is possible to avoid transmitting stress to other blocks.

<D> Deformation of the basement in the longitudinal direction Assuming that earth pressure acts in a direction penetrating the base plate 30 of the basement, only shearing force acts on the bolt 50. Since this shear force is easily calculated, it can be dealt with by using a high-strength bolt 50.

[0017]

Embodiment 2 In order to reduce the deformation resistance between the blocks, for example, a coating of a low friction material such as a fluororesin is formed on the connecting plates 15 and 23, or a washer provided with a coating of a low friction material is used. Good to use.

[0018]

Third Embodiment As shown in FIG. 5, an opening 12c is formed in a top plate 12a.
May be used and the upper block 12 may be used. Opening 12
A reinforcing beam 12d is provided around the periphery to compensate for a decrease in strength due to the provision of the opening 12c and to reduce the weight. This embodiment is most suitable when a lighting window or an exhaust window is provided in a part of the basement. Further, even in the case where the openings 12c straddle the blocks, the openings can be divided by providing the reinforcing beams 12d.

[0019]

As described above, the present invention has the following effects.

<A> Since the blocks are joined in a state that allows deformation in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the basement, even if a deformation force acts on each block due to earth pressure, it can be absorbed by deformation of each block. In addition, it does not transmit stress to other blocks. Therefore, the strength of the block can be easily designed.

<B> By using the divided block, transportation and handling are easy. In particular, the basement can be constructed even in a small work environment such as a densely populated house.

<C> A large opening can be designed in the ceiling of the basement, and the opening can be used as a stairwell and a stairwell of the above-ground house, thereby increasing the degree of freedom in design.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall view of a basement according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 Longitudinal section of the basement

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a box.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a connecting portion between the box unit and the opening unit.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view in which a part of an upper block provided with an opening is broken.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Keiji Katayama 2-22-15 Katsuradai, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture 303 Prasad Katsura 303 (72) Inventor Hiroaki Tsuchiya 3-10-44, Tsurumichuo, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Inside Tsurumi Concrete Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshio Shiono Inside Fujii Design Office, 1-6-9 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] In a basement composed of a plurality of precast blocks, a U-shaped lower block having side walls erected on both sides of a bottom plate and a U-shaped upper block having side walls formed on both sides of a top plate are abutted and cross-sectioned. Assemble a rectangular box, build a box unit by bolting between the plurality of boxes, and place an L-shaped block with a side wall erected on one side of the bottom plate adjacent to the box unit, facing the ceiling A precast basement, characterized in that an open unit is constructed in which the opening is opened, and between the two units is bolted in a state allowing deformation of the side wall in the penetrating direction. 2. The precast basement according to claim 1, wherein an opening is provided in the top plate of the upper block, and a reinforcing beam is provided around the opening.