JP2629324B2 - Multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents
Multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2629324B2 JP2629324B2 JP63314043A JP31404388A JP2629324B2 JP 2629324 B2 JP2629324 B2 JP 2629324B2 JP 63314043 A JP63314043 A JP 63314043A JP 31404388 A JP31404388 A JP 31404388A JP 2629324 B2 JP2629324 B2 JP 2629324B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- weight
- undercoat layer
- electrophotographic photoreceptor
- charge generation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、積層型電子写真感光体に関し、さらに詳し
くは積層型電子写真感光体の下引層に関するものであ
る。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly, to an undercoat layer of a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member.
従来の技術 従来、電子写真感光体には、セレンで代表される無機
系の光導電物質が広く用いられていた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, inorganic photoconductive materials represented by selenium have been widely used for electrophotographic photoreceptors.
近年、有機系の光導電物質も成膜および感光体の製造
が容易である等の利点を活かしてそのいくつかが実用化
されている。In recent years, some of organic photoconductive materials have been put to practical use taking advantage of the fact that film formation and photoreceptor production are easy.
特に、有機感光体の場合、露光によって電荷担体を発
生する顔料や染料などを含有する電荷発生層と、該電荷
を電界方向に移動する電荷輸送層に機能分離された積層
型感光体が一般に用いられている。In particular, in the case of an organic photoreceptor, a charge-generating layer containing a pigment or a dye that generates charge carriers upon exposure and a charge-transporting layer in which a charge is transported in the direction of an electric field are generally used. Have been.
電荷発生層の膜厚は、感光体の電子写真特性、および
その繰り返し特性の維持のために、好ましくは0.5μｍ
以下とすることが必要であることも知られている。The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 0.5 μm in order to maintain the electrophotographic characteristics of the photoreceptor and its repetition characteristics.
It is also known that it is necessary to:
しかし導電性支持体上に直接このような薄い電荷発生
層を塗布する場合、支持体表面の僅かな欠陥、例えば、
汚れ，きず等により、はじき，むら等の膜厚の不均一性
を生じやすい。However, when applying such a thin charge generating layer directly on a conductive support, slight defects on the support surface, for example,
Dirt, flaws, etc. tend to cause non-uniformity of the film thickness such as repelling and unevenness.
このため、電荷発生層を導電性支持体上に形成させる
場合、一般に、その電荷発生層の下引層として、樹脂層
を設けている。Therefore, when the charge generation layer is formed on the conductive support, a resin layer is generally provided as an undercoat layer of the charge generation layer.
この下引層を形成するための材料としては、次いでそ
の上に塗布する電荷発生層塗液に用いている溶剤に侵さ
れない必要があり、ポリアミド，ポリビニルアルコー
ル，カゼイン，メチルセルロース等の親水性樹脂が知ら
れている。As a material for forming the undercoat layer, it is necessary that the undercoat layer is not affected by the solvent used for the charge generation layer coating solution to be subsequently coated thereon, and hydrophilic resins such as polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, casein, and methyl cellulose are used. Are known.
発明が解決しようとする課題 しかしながら、このような親水性樹脂を下引層に用い
ると、得られた感光体の電子写真特性が、環境雰囲気、
特に湿度によって大きく左右されるという欠点があっ
た。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, when such a hydrophilic resin is used for the undercoat layer, the electrophotographic properties of the obtained photoreceptor are reduced in the environmental atmosphere,
In particular, there was a drawback that it was greatly affected by humidity.
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、環境雰囲気、特に、湿
度等に対して特性が安定な積層型電子写真感光体を提供
するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member having stable characteristics with respect to an environmental atmosphere, particularly, humidity and the like.
課題を解決するための手段 上記課題を解決するために本発明の積層型電子写真感
光体は、下引層にヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとグ
リシジルメタクリレートの共重合体を用い、塗布後、熱
処理して架橋させている。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention uses a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate for the undercoat layer, and after application, heat-treats and crosslinks. ing.
すなわち、導電性支持体上に、下引層として、ヒドロ
キシエチルメタクリレートとグリシジルメタクリレート
の共重合体を含むアルコール溶液あるいはセロソルブ溶
液を塗布し、100℃にて乾燥して架橋させる。のちその
上に電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次積層して本発明の積
層型電子写真感光体が得られる。That is, an alcohol solution or a cellosolve solution containing a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate is applied as a subbing layer on a conductive support, and dried at 100 ° C. to crosslink. Thereafter, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are sequentially laminated thereon to obtain a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
作用 発明者らは、下引層に、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレ
ートとグリシジルメタクリレートの共重合体を含むアル
コール系溶液を塗布、乾燥して架橋させ、その上に電荷
発生層、電荷輸送層を順次積層すると、得られた感光体
は、下引層として一般に用いられている、例えばポリビ
ニルアルコールの場合に比べて、雰囲気湿度の変化によ
る電子写真特性、特に感度および残留電位への影響が小
さいこと、あるいは、高湿度下に感光体を放置しても下
引層に接する導電性支持体、例えばアルミ面上に変色が
認められないことがわかった。これは雰囲気湿度下での
下引層の吸湿量の大小によって下引層の絶縁抵抗が変化
し、感度に影響を及ぼすこと、および吸湿された水分が
導電性支持体表面の酸化を促進しているものと思われ
る。Action The inventors applied an alcohol-based solution containing a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate to the undercoat layer, dried and crosslinked, and sequentially laminated a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer thereon. The obtained photoreceptor has a smaller effect on electrophotographic characteristics, particularly sensitivity and residual potential, due to a change in atmospheric humidity, as compared with, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, which is generally used as an undercoat layer, or It was found that no discoloration was observed on the conductive support in contact with the undercoat layer, for example, the aluminum surface even when the photoreceptor was left under humidity. This is because the insulation resistance of the undercoat layer changes depending on the amount of moisture absorption of the undercoat layer under atmospheric humidity, affecting the sensitivity, and the absorbed moisture promotes the oxidation of the conductive support surface. It seems to be.
下引層に用いるヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとグ
リシジルメタクリレートの共重合体の共重合割合として
は、グリシジルメタクリレートが僅かでも含まれていれ
ば、任意の割合のものが使用できるが、環境特性のめか
らはグリシジルメタクリレートの含有割合が５〜20モル
％の共重合体が好ましい。As the copolymerization ratio of the copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate used for the undercoat layer, an arbitrary ratio can be used as long as glycidyl methacrylate is contained even slightly, but from the viewpoint of environmental characteristics, glycidyl methacrylate can be used. A copolymer having a methacrylate content of 5 to 20 mol% is preferred.
実施例 以下、本発明の一実施例にて説明するが、本発明は以
下の一実施例に示す組合せに限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the combination shown in the following example.
〔実施例１〕 ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート−グリシジルメタク
リレート（4:1）共重合体 10重量部をメチルアルコー
ル 90重量部に溶解し、これをアルミ板上に乾燥後の膜
厚が0.2μｍとなるように塗布する。塗布後100℃にて１
時間乾燥し、架橋させることによって溶剤不要となった
下引層を形成した。Example 1 10 parts by weight of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (4: 1) copolymer was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methyl alcohol, and the solution was dried on an aluminum plate so that the film thickness after drying was 0.2 μm. Apply. 1 at 100 ° C after application
After drying for a time, crosslinking was performed to form an undercoat layer that did not require a solvent.
次に、ブチラール樹脂（積水化学株式会社製 商品名
エスレック BH−３）１重量部をエチレングリコール
モノメチルエーテル 40重量部に溶解し、ε型銅フタロ
シアニン（東洋インキ株式会社製 商品名リオフォトン
イー アール ピー シー〔Liophoton ERPC〕）２
重量部を加えて分散した。この分散液の前述の下引層
に、乾燥後の膜厚が0.3μｍとなるように塗布し、100℃
にて１時間乾燥して電荷発生層を形成した。一方、ｐ−
ジエチルアミノベンザル−N,N−ジフェニルヒドラゾン
１重量部とアクリル樹脂（三菱レーヨン株式会社製 商
品名BR−50）１重量部をトルエン ４重量部に溶解し
た。この液を電荷発生層の上にブレード塗布し、80℃に
て１時間乾燥して膜厚18μｍの電荷輸送層を形成した。Next, 1 part by weight of a butyral resin (trade name: ESREC BH-3 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 40 parts by weight of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and ε-type copper phthalocyanine (trade name: Riophoton ERC PC manufactured by Toyo Ink Co., Ltd.) is dissolved. [Liophoton ERPC]) 2
Parts by weight were added and dispersed. The dispersion was applied to the undercoat layer described above so that the film thickness after drying was 0.3 μm,
For 1 hour to form a charge generation layer. On the other hand, p-
1 part by weight of diethylaminobenzal-N, N-diphenylhydrazone and 1 part by weight of an acrylic resin (trade name: BR-50, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in 4 parts by weight of toluene. This solution was coated on the charge generation layer with a blade and dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 18 μm.
このようにして得た積層型電子写真感光体を、静電複
写紙試験装置（株式会社川口電気製作所製EPA−8100）
を用いて、−5.5KVで帯電したときの表面電位V
0（Ｖ）、その後暗所に１秒間放置したときの表面電位V
1（Ｖ）、5luxの白色光で露光したときの表面電位が1/2
V1（Ｖ）まで減衰するのに要する露光量E 1/2（lux・s
ec）を測定した。測定結果を表１に示す。The laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained in this manner was used as an electrostatic copying paper tester (EPA-8100 manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Works, Ltd.).
, The surface potential V when charged at -5.5 KV
0 (V), then the surface potential V when left in a dark place for 1 second
1 (V), surface potential when exposed with 5lux white light is 1/2
Exposure E 1/2 (lux · s) required to attenuate to V 1 (V)
ec) was measured. Table 1 shows the measurement results.
また40℃、相対湿度90％下に10日間放置した時の感光
板の外観の様子を同じく表１中に示した。 The appearance of the photosensitive plate when left at 40 ° C. and 90% relative humidity for 10 days is also shown in Table 1.
〔実施例２〕 比較実験のために、ポリビニルアルコールを下引層に
用いたサンプルを作成した。Example 2 For a comparative experiment, a sample using polyvinyl alcohol for the undercoat layer was prepared.
すなわちポリビニルアルコール（日本合成株式会社製
商品名ゴーセノールGL−05）５重量部を蒸留水100重
量部に溶解し、これをアルミ板上に乾燥後の膜厚が0.2
μｍとなるように塗布する。塗布後100℃にて１時間乾
燥し、ポリビニルアルコール層を形成した。この下引層
の上に実施例１と同様の組成の電荷発生層、電荷輸送層
を順次積層した。得られた感光板について実施例１と同
様に電子写真特性および高湿度下に放置したときの外観
を調べた。その結果を同じく表１に示した。That is, 5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (trade name: Gohsenol GL-05, manufactured by Nippon Gosei Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 100 parts by weight of distilled water, and this was dried on an aluminum plate to a film thickness of 0.2%.
Apply so as to be μm. After application, the coating was dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to form a polyvinyl alcohol layer. On this undercoat layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer having the same composition as in Example 1 were sequentially laminated. The obtained photosensitive plate was examined for electrophotographic characteristics and appearance when left under high humidity in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 1.
〔実施例３〕 ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート−グリシジルメタク
リレート（15:1）共重合体10重量部をエチレングリコー
ルモノエチルエーテル90重量部に溶解し、これをアルミ
板上に乾燥後の膜厚が0.3μｍとなるように塗布する。
塗布後120℃にて１時間乾燥し、架橋させることによっ
て溶剤不溶となった下引層を形成した。Example 3 10 parts by weight of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (15: 1) copolymer was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and this was dried on an aluminum plate to a thickness of 0.3 μm. Apply so that
After the application, the coating was dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour and crosslinked to form a solvent-insoluble undercoat layer.
次に、ブチラール樹脂（積水化学株式会社製 商品名
エスレックBH−３）１重量部をエチレングリコールモノ
メチルエーテル40重量部に溶解し、τ型無金属フタロシ
アニン（東洋インキ株式会社製 商品名リオフォトン
ティー ピー エッチ 278〔Liophoton TPH−278〕）
２重量部を加えて分散した。この分散液を前述の下引層
表面に乾燥後の膜厚が0.3μｍとなるように回転塗布
し、80℃にて１時間乾燥して電荷発生層を形成した。Next, 1 part by weight of a butyral resin (trade name: SREC BH-3 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 40 parts by weight of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and τ-type metal-free phthalocyanine (trade name: Riophoton manufactured by Toyo Ink Co., Ltd.)
Tp etch 278 (Liophoton TPH-278))
2 parts by weight were added and dispersed. This dispersion was spin-coated on the surface of the undercoat layer so that the thickness after drying was 0.3 μm, and dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge generation layer.
次に、以下の構造式で示すヒドラゾン１重量部とポリ
カーボネート樹脂（三菱化成株式会社製 商品名ノバレ
ックス7030A）１重量部を二塩化メチレン３重量部、二
塩化エチレン、３重量部に溶解した。この液を電荷発生
層の上にブレード塗布し、80℃にて１時間乾燥して膜厚
14μｍの電荷輸送層を形成した。Next, 1 part by weight of hydrazone represented by the following structural formula and 1 part by weight of a polycarbonate resin (trade name: NOVAREX 7030A, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation) were dissolved in 3 parts by weight of methylene dichloride and 3 parts by weight of ethylene dichloride. This solution is coated on the charge generation layer with a blade and dried at 80 ° C for 1 hour to form a film.
A 14 μm charge transport layer was formed.
このようにして得た積層型電子写真感光体を、静電複
写紙試験装置（株式会社川口電気製作所製EPA−8100）
を用いて、−5,5KVで帯電したときの表面電位V
0（Ｖ）、その後暗所に１秒間放置したときの表面電位V
1（Ｖ）、5luxの白色光で露光したときの表面電位が1/2
V1（Ｖ）まで減衰するのに要する露光量E 1/2（lux・s
ec）、露光２秒後の表面電位VR2（Ｖ）を測定した。The laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained in this manner was used as an electrostatic copying paper tester (EPA-8100 manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric Works, Ltd.).
, The surface potential V when charged at −5,5KV
0 (V), then the surface potential V when left in a dark place for 1 second
1 (V), surface potential when exposed with 5lux white light is 1/2
Exposure E 1/2 (lux · s) required to attenuate to V 1 (V)
ec), surface potential VR2 (V) 2 seconds after exposure was measured.
また同じ試料を40℃、相対湿度90％の雰囲気下で１ケ
月放置して同様の特性を測定した。測定結果を表２に示
す。The same sample was left for one month in an atmosphere at 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% to measure similar characteristics. Table 2 shows the measurement results.
〔実施例４〕 比較実験のために、ポリビニルアルコールを下引層に
用いたサンプルを作成した。 Example 4 For a comparative experiment, a sample using polyvinyl alcohol for the undercoat layer was prepared.
すなわち実施例２と同様にしてポリビニルアルコール
の塗液を用いて下引層を作成し、80℃にて１時間乾燥後
実施例３と同様の組成の電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次
積層した。得られた感光板について実施例３と同様に電
子写真特性と、40℃、相対湿度90％の雰囲気下で１ケ月
放置したときの特性を調べた。その結果を同じく表２に
示した。That is, an undercoat layer was formed using a coating solution of polyvinyl alcohol in the same manner as in Example 2, dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and then a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer having the same composition as in Example 3 were sequentially laminated. . The obtained photosensitive plate was examined for electrophotographic characteristics and characteristics when left for one month in an atmosphere at 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90% as in Example 3. The results are also shown in Table 2.
発明の効果 以上、本発明の積層型電子写真感光体について詳細に
説明したが、本発明の積層型電子写真感光体は、導電性
支持体と、電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とからなる感光層と
の間に、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとグリシジル
メタクリレート共重合体の架橋生成物を下引層として用
いることによって、高湿度下においても導電性支持体に
変色等の酸化が生じず、しかも湿度の変動によって電子
写真特性、特に感度及び残留電位の変化が極めて小さい
ものとなった。As described above, the laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has been described in detail. The laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention includes a conductive layer, a photosensitive layer including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. By using a cross-linked product of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate copolymer as an undercoat layer, oxidation such as discoloration does not occur on the conductive support even under high humidity, and due to humidity fluctuation. The changes in electrophotographic properties, particularly sensitivity and residual potential, were extremely small.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 九門 明 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電 器産業株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭59−160150（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭63−318566（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−107041（ＪＰ，Ａ) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Akira Kumon 1006 Odakadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-59-160150 (JP, A) JP-A-63 -318566 (JP, A) JP-A-60-1007041 (JP, A)
Claims (2)
層からなる感光層を設けた積層型の電子写真感光体にお
いて、導電性支持体と感光層の間の下引層にヒドロキシ
エチルメタクリレートとグリシジルメタクリレートから
なる共重合体を用い、塗布後架橋させていることを特徴
とする積層型電子写真感光体。1. A laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive support, wherein an undercoat layer between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer has a hydroxy layer. A layered electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a copolymer comprising ethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, which is crosslinked after coating.
ていることを特徴とする請求項（１）記載の積層型電子
写真感光体。2. The laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein a phthalocyanine pigment is used in the charge generation layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63314043A JP2629324B2 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63314043A JP2629324B2 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02158745A JPH02158745A (en) | 1990-06-19 |
| JP2629324B2 true JP2629324B2 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=18048528
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63314043A Expired - Fee Related JP2629324B2 (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2629324B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59160150A (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-09-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| JPS63318566A (en) * | 1987-06-22 | 1988-12-27 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
-
1988
- 1988-12-13 JP JP63314043A patent/JP2629324B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02158745A (en) | 1990-06-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |