JP2571156C

JP2571156C -

Info

Publication number: JP2571156C
Authority: JP
Original assignee: KANEKONOKI CO., LTD.
Current assignee: KANEKONOKI CO., LTD.
Publication date: 1999-01-13

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】技術分野本発明は、連続して並べた複数の栽培鉢に適宜栽培液を給水する植物栽培装置
に関するものである。背景技術栽培鉢に栽培液を給水するための栽培装置の従来技術としては、栽培鉢載置台
面がフラットであり、栽培鉢載置台面が栽培液を通すため多孔状となっている。
このような、栽培鉢載置台面がフラットのものでは、栽培液を下降させた際の水
はけがよくないし、またそれに栽培鉢に給水する時間がかかる。したがって、例
えば、サボテン、多肉植物などのように、灌水後の排水を速やかに行う必要があ
る植物の栽培に対しては本願植物栽培装置のものが適している。従来のものでは
、多孔板や給水管による灌水後の排水の遅れによる弊害が現れている。さらに、底面灌水においては、栽培液の灌水と排水に伴って鉢穴から土壌が小
量ずつ流れ出すが、栽培鉢載置台面がフラットであると、長時間使用する植物栽
培装置のその面上に土壌が堆積して、その除去作業が特に栽培鉢を置いたまま行
うことは困難である。栽培鉢載置台面が栽培液を通すため多孔状となっている従来のものでは、灌水
時に鉢穴から流出した土壌で目詰まりが生じ、栽培液の上昇下降に支障が生じ易
い。また、多孔状の栽培鉢載置台面の清掃は特に困難である。このような栽培装置では栽培液の昇降のための高い空気圧を要し、エア供給装
置が大がかりとなる。また、多孔状の栽培鉢載置台面の通水抵抗が大きく、栽培
液の昇降に時間がかかる。そこで、本発明は上記の問題点を解決するために栽培鉢載置台面を長手方向と
平行な中央部から両側にかけてなだらかな下り傾斜面に形成し、しかも栽培鉢載
置台の長手方向と平行な両側面を垂下延長することにより、栽培液の下降に伴っ
て栽培鉢載置台面上の土壌を給水間隙から貯水槽に流下させることができ、貯水
槽の底を適時にまとめて清掃することで、長時間の使用と清掃作業を能率よく容
易にできる植物栽培装置を提供することを目的とするものである。発明の開示上記目的を達成するために、本発明にかかる植物栽培装置は、上側を開口した
細長い樋状の貯水槽内に、上面に中央部から両側に向けてなだらかな下り傾斜面
とする支持面を形成し、該支持面の両側に外側壁を垂下延設して下側を開口部と
する略箱状の栽培鉢載置台を、開口部を下向きに配置して前記貯水槽に上部室と
周囲が密閉されて貯水される下部室を区画形成するとともに、前記貯水槽の内側
壁と栽培鉢載置台の外側壁との間に下部室から上部室に通じる給水間隙を形成し
、栽培鉢載置台の内部上側に形成されるエア室内には加圧空気を供給するエア供
給手段を設け、エア室の供給エアを加圧調節して貯水槽の下部室に貯水される栽培液を栽培鉢載置台上に上昇または下降させることを特徴とする植物栽培装
置を備えている。上記構成によれば、エア供給手段を適宜操作調節して、栽培鉢載置台内のエア
室にエアを供給することができる。これによって、エア室内が加圧状態となり、
貯水槽の下部室に貯水されている栽培液が、栽培鉢載置台内の下部室から給水間
隙を通して貯水槽の上部室に流れる。その結果、貯水槽内の液面の高さが高くな
り、栽培鉢載置台上の栽培鉢にその底面から栽培液を供給できる給水状態にする
ことができる。また、この給水状態において、エア室のエアを抜くことにより、エア室内が減
圧状態となり、貯水槽側の栽培液が上記給水間隙を通り貯水槽の下部室に戻る。
したがって、貯水槽内の液面の高さが低くなり、給水解除の状態とすることがで
きる。すなわち、貯水槽内に常時溜められている栽培液の液面高さを調節することに
より、栽培鉢載置台上に多数並べられた栽培鉢に、それらの底面から給水できる
給水状態としたり、この給水状態を解除することができるために、比較的に短時
間で給水および給水解除の状態を行うことができるとともに、常時または比較的
長い時間給水状態を保つことができる。したがって、本発明に係る植物栽培装置によれば、常時給水状態にしておくこ
とが必要な植物ばかりでなく、短時間給水状態にした後に、短時間でその状態を
解除することが必要な植物の栽培をも適切に行うことができる。 Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus for appropriately supplying a cultivation liquid to a plurality of continuously arranged cultivation pots. BACKGROUND ART As a conventional technique of a cultivation apparatus for supplying a cultivation liquid to a cultivation pot, a cultivation pot mounting table has a flat surface and a cultivation pot mounting table has a porous shape for passing a cultivation liquid.
When the cultivation pot mounting table surface is flat, drainage of the cultivation liquid when the cultivation liquid is lowered is not good, and it takes time to supply water to the cultivation pot. Therefore, for example, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present application is suitable for cultivation of a plant such as a cactus or a succulent plant that needs to be quickly drained after irrigation. In the prior art, there is an adverse effect due to delay in drainage after irrigation by a perforated plate or a water supply pipe. In addition, in bottom watering, small amounts of soil flow out of the potholes along with the irrigation and drainage of the cultivation liquid, but when the cultivation pot mounting surface is flat, the surface of the plant cultivation device used for a long time becomes Soil is deposited, and it is difficult to remove the soil with the cultivation pot left. In a conventional one in which the surface of the cultivation pot mounting table is porous to allow the passage of the cultivation liquid, clogging occurs in the soil that has flowed out of the pothole during irrigation, which tends to hinder the ascent and descent of the cultivation liquid. In addition, it is particularly difficult to clean the porous cultivation pot mounting table surface. Such a cultivation apparatus requires a high air pressure for raising and lowering the cultivation liquid, and the air supply apparatus becomes large. In addition, the water resistance of the porous cultivation pot mounting table surface is large, and it takes time to raise and lower the cultivation liquid. Therefore, in order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention forms the cultivation pot mounting table surface as a gentle downward slope from the center portion parallel to the longitudinal direction to both sides, and is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the cultivation pot mounting table. By suspending and extending both sides, the soil on the cultivation pot mounting table surface can flow down from the water supply gap to the water storage tank as the cultivation liquid descends, and the bottom of the water storage tank can be cleaned together in a timely manner. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant cultivation apparatus capable of efficiently and easily performing long-time use and cleaning work. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, a plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention has a support having a slender gutter-shaped water tank having an open upper side and a gentle downward slope from the center to both sides on the upper surface. A substantially box-shaped cultivation pot mounting table having an outer wall hanging down on both sides of the support surface and having a lower side as an opening, the opening is disposed downward and the upper chamber is formed in the water storage tank. And a lower chamber in which the periphery is sealed and water is stored, and a water supply gap communicating from the lower chamber to the upper chamber is formed between the inner wall of the water storage tank and the outer wall of the cultivation pot mounting table. An air supply means for supplying pressurized air is provided in an air chamber formed on the upper inside of the mounting table, and the cultivation liquid stored in the lower chamber of the water storage tank is adjusted by pressurizing the supply air in the air chamber. Equipped with a plant cultivation device characterized by being raised or lowered on a mounting table . According to the above configuration, the air supply means can be appropriately operated and adjusted to supply air to the air chamber in the cultivation pot mounting table. As a result, the air chamber becomes pressurized,
The cultivation liquid stored in the lower chamber of the water storage tank flows from the lower chamber in the cultivation pot mounting table to the upper chamber of the water storage tank through the water supply gap. As a result, the height of the liquid level in the water storage tank is increased, and the cultivation pot on the cultivation pot mounting table can be supplied with cultivation liquid from the bottom surface thereof. In this water supply state, the air in the air chamber is evacuated to reduce the pressure in the air chamber, and the cultivation liquid on the water tank returns to the lower chamber of the water tank through the water supply gap.
Therefore, the height of the liquid level in the water storage tank is reduced, and the water supply can be released. That is, by adjusting the liquid surface height of the cultivation liquid that is constantly stored in the water storage tank, to a large number of cultivation pots arranged on the cultivation pot mounting table, a water supply state in which water can be supplied from the bottom thereof, Since the water supply state can be released, water supply and water supply release can be performed in a relatively short time, and the water supply state can be maintained at all times or for a relatively long time. Therefore, according to the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, not only plants that need to be constantly in a water supply state, but also plants that need to be released in a short time after being in a short-time water supply state. Cultivation can also be performed appropriately.

【図面の簡単な説明】第１図は本発明に係わる植物栽培装置の実施例の一部を省略した全体斜視図、
第２図は同上一部の斜視図、第３図および第４図は貯水槽の部分の拡大側断面図
であって、第３図は給水解除状態を、第４図は給水状態をそれぞれ示している。
第５図は本発明に係る植物栽培装置を備えた栽培施設を示す一部の斜視図である
。発明を実施するための最良の形態本発明の好適な実施例について、図面を参照して説明する。第１図ないし第４図において、植物栽培装置は、例えば水のごとき栽培液を貯
水するための複数の貯水槽１を栽培台２上に並設している。上記貯水槽１は、上側を開口した細長い樋状の容器から構成され、下部室４と
上部室５に区画されてその周囲が密閉される下部室４には常時栽培液が貯水され
るようになっている。上記貯水槽１の内部には、その長手方向に亘って複数の栽培鉢７を載置するた
めの栽培鉢載置台３が着脱自在に配置されている。この栽培鉢載置台３は、上面を中央部から両側に向かってなだらなかな下り傾
斜面とする支持面３ｄを形成し、この支持面３ｄの両側に外側壁３ｃを垂下延設
して下側を開口部３ｂとして、上記貯水槽１とほぼ同じ長さに亘って伸びる断面
略コ字状の箱形部材から形成されており、その断面方向における幅が貯水槽１の
断面方向の幅よりもいくらか狭く形成されている。そして、この栽培鉢載置台３は、上記貯水槽１に、その
開口部３ｂ側が貯水槽１の底面に多少の隙間を介して対向するように取付けられ
ている。このように栽培鉢載置台３を貯水槽１に配置することによって、栽培鉢
載置台３の内部上側にはエア室３ａが形成される。また、上記栽培鉢載置台３の
内部下側と貯水槽１の下部室４とは、上記栽培鉢載置台３の開口部３ｂを介して
連通されている。さらに、貯水槽１の両内側壁１ａと栽培鉢載置台３の両外側壁
３ｃとの間には栽培液の通路となるそれぞれ幅狭な給水間隙６が形成される。な
お、この栽培鉢載置台３の支持面３ｄに適宜間隔で並べられる栽培鉢７の底面に
は、給水穴８が設けられている。上記栽培鉢載置台３には、第１図に示すように、エア室３にエアを供給するた
めのエア供給手段が設けられ、加圧空気分配管１１から分岐される可撓管１３の
先端と栽培鉢載置台３の支持面３ｄに形成されるエア口９とを接続してエアが供
給されている。なお、上記エア口９は、栽培鉢載置台３の支持面３ｄに形成して
エア室３に接続しているが、栽培鉢載置台３の下部側からエア室３に接続しても
差し支えない。上記加圧空気分配管１１は、加圧空気配管１８を通して栽培基台２の近傍に設
けられるブロワ１５と接続されている。上記加圧空気配管１８には、圧力計１６、圧力調整弁１７が配設されている。
また、ブロワ１５の上方には、電磁弁２０を介して上下水道等の給水源に接続さ
れた水タンク１９が設けられている。この水タンク１９は、開閉栓２３を有する給水配管２２を通して給水分配管１
２に連結され、また、上記給水分配管１２から分岐されている可撓管１４と貯水
槽１の長手方向に直角な側面に形成される給水口１０とが接続され、貯水槽１に
必要に応じて貯水できるようになっている。なお、水タンク１９の液面の高さを一定に保つために、水タンク１９にはフロ
ート弁２４が設けられている。これによって、貯水槽１内に貯水されている水の
容量を一定に保つことができる。また、ブロワ１５の上方には、上述した給水、
給水解除及び貯水、貯水解除を制御するための制御装置２５が設けられている。貯水槽１内の適宜位置には、貯水槽１内の液面高さが所定の貯水液面高さにな
ったことを検出するための第１液面高さ検出装置２６が設けてある。ここで、所
定の貯水液面高さとは十分な貯水状態を保つことができる液面高さをいう。すなわち、第１液面高さ検出装置２６は、貯水レベルセンサ２６ａとコモンレ
ベルセンサ２６ｂを備えている。上記貯水レベルセンサ２６ａの先端は所定の貯
水液面高さに位置しており、コモンレベルセンサ２６ｂはアースの作用をなすも
のである。貯水槽１には貯水された水が蒸発又は漏水などの理由により、所定貯
水液面高さより下降すると、貯水レベルセンサ２６ａとコモンレベルセンサ２６
ｂとの間で貯水槽１内の水を介して電流が流れなくなる。これによって、制御装
置２５を介して電磁弁２０が自動的に開動作となり、貯水槽１内に水が貯水される。そして、貯水レベルセンサ２６ａの先
端に液面が到達すると、貯水レベルセンサ２６ａとコモンレベルセンサ２６ｂと
の間で貯水槽１内の水を介して電流が流れ、制御装置２５を介して電磁弁２０が
自動的に閉動作となる。それにより、貯水槽１内への貯水が停止される。このよ
うな動作を繰返し継続することにより、貯水槽１の液面の高さをほぼ一定に保つ
ことができる。また、貯水槽１の適宜位置には、給水状態において、貯水槽１内の液面高さが
所定の給水上限高さ、または給水下限高さに達したことを検出するための第２液
面高さ検出装置２７が設けられている。ここで、給水状態を十分に保つために、
液面の高さは、栽培鉢載置台３上に置かれた栽培鉢７の底面給水口の上部に位置
する所定の給水下限液面高さと所定の給水上限高さとの間で維持されることが必
要である。すなわち、上記第２液面高さ検出装置２７は、給水上限レベルセンサ２７ａ、
給水下限レベルセンサ２７ｂ、コモンレベルセンサ２７ｃを備えており、上記給
水上限レベルセンサ２７ａの先端は所定の給水上限高さに位置していると共に、
下限レベルセンサ２７ｂの先端は所定の給水下限高さに位置している。この両セ
ンサ２７ａ，２７ｂの間隔は、この実施例では、約５mmに設定されている。なお
、このコモンレベルセンサ２７ｃも上述したコモンレベルセンサ２６ｂと同様に
アースの作用をなすものである。以上の構成において、栽培鉢の植物に給水するために貯水槽１内の水の液面を上昇させるべく栽培鉢載置台３のエア室３ａへエアを供給
し、該液面が給水上限高さに達すると、給水上限レベルセンサ２７とコモンレベ
ルセンサ２７ｃとの間で水を介して電流が流れる。これによって、制御装置２５
を介してブロワ１５の作動を停止せしめ、エア室３ａへのエアの供給が停止され
る。また給水状態とした後に時間の経過を伴ってエア室３ａが減圧状態となり、
液面高さが給水下限液高さよりも低くなると、給水下限レベルセンサ２７ｂとコ
モンレベルセンサ２７ｃとの間で水を介して電流が流れなくなる。これによって
、制御装置２５を介してブロワ１５を作動せしめて、エア室３ａにエアを供給し
、液面高さを上昇させる。このような動作を繰り返し継続することにより、任意
時間だけ給水状態を維持することができる。また、貯水槽１の長さ方向の前後部には、第１図に示すように、この貯水槽１
のほぼ全面に亘って配置される栽培鉢載置台３の浮上を阻止する支持部材２８が
取付けられている。この支持部材２８は、第３図に示すように、貯水槽１の側壁上面を跨架して、
その上面から挿着される調節ボルト２９により支持面３ｄの上面を圧接係止して
いる。以上のように構成された植物栽培装置において、第３図に示すように、貯水槽
１内に一定の容量の水が貯水された状態のもとで、多数の栽培鉢７に植え込まれ
た植物の栽培が行われる。その栽培中において、多数の栽培鉢７に給水する場合には、ブロワ１５を適宜操作してエア口９を介して貯水槽１内に設けられた栽培鉢
載置台３内のエア室３ａに加圧空気を供給することによって、エア室３ａが加圧
され栽培鉢載置台３の下部側に貯水されている水が給水間隙６を通って流れ、第
４図に示すように、貯水槽１内の液面高さが栽培鉢載置台３よりも高くなり、栽
培鉢の底面に形成されている給水穴８を通して栽培鉢７に栽培液を供給する供給
状態とすることができる。また、開閉弁（図示省略）を介してエア室３ａ内の加圧空気を抜くことにより
、エア室３ａ内は減圧状態となり、第３図に示すように給水解除の状態になる。
なお、エア室３ａ内を加圧状態に保てば、常時又は比較的長い時間給水状態とし
ておくこともできる。なおこれらの栽培液の液面の高さの調節は、上述したように制御装置２５を介
して自動的に行われる。上述した実施例によれば、貯水槽１内に常時溜められた水の液面高さを調節す
ることにより、給水状態としたり、又は給水解除状態としているので、比較的短
時間で栽培鉢７への給水及び給水解除を行うことができる。したがって、常時給
水状態にしておくことが必要な植物や比較的長い時間給水状態にしておくことが
必要な植物だけでなく、短時間給水状態にした後に、短時間で給水を解除するこ
とが必要な植物栽培をも適切に行うことができるものである。特に、給水間隙６を幅狭く形成したことにより、栽培鉢載置台３を長手方向に
長く伸びていても、給水及び給水解除の抵抗を小さくすることができて比較的短
時間に行うことができる。即ち、栽培鉢載置台３のエア室３ａに加圧空気を供給すると、栽培鉢載置台３
の両側から該載置台３の支持面３ｄの中央に向かって長手方向の全体に亘って急
速に揚水され、一方該エア室３ａの空気を抜けば、エア室３ａの減圧によって迅
速に水を引かせることができる。この場合、栽培鉢載置台３の支持面３ｄは、上述したように断面が長手方向と
平行な中央部から両側になだらかに下り傾斜しているので、給水解除の際に栽培
鉢７から流出する土壌を下部室４に流下するため水はけが迅速に行われる。また、上記実施例によれば、貯水槽１内の水の液面高さをブロワ１５を介して
調節することにより、給水状態にしたり、給水解除状態にしているために、前述
した従来の装置に比べ液面の上昇下降に要するエネルギが少なくて済み、省エネ
、低コストを図ることができる。更に、上記実施例によれば、複数の貯水槽１を設け、各貯水槽内に予め溜めら
れた栽培液を利用しているので、前述した従来例の装置のように各貯水槽間にお
いて栽培液が循環することもなく、各貯水槽間における病気感染を防止すること
ができる。なお、栽培液は水のほか、水に肥料や薬品等を溶かしたものであってもよく、
さらに水温のコントロールを行うようにしてもよい。また、上記実施例では、給水間隙６を栽培鉢載置台３の両側に形成しているが
、いずれか一方の側にのみ形成することもできる。また、第５図には、本発明に係る植物栽培装置を栽培ハウス３１内に多数設置
してなる植物栽培装置が例示されている。この栽培ハウス３１は、ハウスの骨格
３２を太陽光を取り入れることができる透光性材３３で覆って構築されている。
なお、適宜位置には給水および加圧空気の給排気を自動的に行うための制御装置
３４が配置してある。このような施設において本発明に係る植物栽培装置を使用
すれば、園芸用植物等を集中管理ができると共に、省エネ、省力化のもとでそれ
らの植物を大量栽培でき、極めて有効である。産業上の利用可能性以上のように、本願発明の植物栽培装置は、花や草木等の多数の栽培鉢に給水
及びその解除を行い、省力化のもとで大量栽培するだけでなく、水、液体を定期
的又は必要に応じて供給する家畜の水飲や液体供給装置として用いることもでき
る。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, in which a part of an embodiment is omitted.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a part of the same, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are enlarged side sectional views of a part of the water storage tank, FIG. 3 shows a water supply released state, and FIG. ing.
FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view showing a cultivation facility provided with the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4, the plant cultivation apparatus has a plurality of water storage tanks 1 for storing a cultivation liquid such as water, for example, arranged side by side on a cultivation table 2. The water storage tank 1 is formed of a long and narrow gutter-like container having an open upper side, and is divided into a lower chamber 4 and an upper chamber 5 so that the lower chamber 4 which is hermetically sealed so that the cultivation liquid is always stored therein. Has become. Inside the water storage tank 1, a cultivation pot mounting table 3 for mounting a plurality of cultivation pots 7 is detachably arranged along the longitudinal direction thereof. The cultivation pot mounting table 3 forms a support surface 3d whose upper surface is a gentle downward slope from the center toward both sides, and an outer wall 3c is extended downward on both sides of the support surface 3d. It is formed from a box-shaped member having a substantially U-shaped cross section extending over substantially the same length as the water storage tank 1 with the opening 3b on the side, and the width in the cross-sectional direction is larger than the width in the cross-sectional direction of the water storage tank 1. Is also somewhat narrower. The cultivation pot mounting table 3 is attached to the water storage tank 1 such that the opening 3b side faces the bottom surface of the water storage tank 1 with a small gap. By arranging the cultivation pot mounting table 3 in the water storage tank 1 in this way, an air chamber 3a is formed inside the cultivation pot mounting table 3 on the upper side. Further, the lower inside of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 and the lower chamber 4 of the water storage tank 1 are communicated through the opening 3b of the cultivation pot mounting table 3. Further, a narrow water supply gap 6 is formed between both inner side walls 1a of the water storage tank 1 and both outer side walls 3c of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 as passages for cultivation liquid. In addition, a water supply hole 8 is provided on the bottom surface of the cultivation pot 7 arranged at an appropriate interval on the support surface 3d of the cultivation pot mounting table 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the cultivation pot mounting table 3 is provided with air supply means for supplying air to the air chamber 3, and is provided with a distal end of a flexible pipe 13 branched from a pressurized air distribution pipe 11. Air is supplied by connecting to an air port 9 formed in the support surface 3d of the cultivation pot mounting table 3. The air port 9 is formed on the support surface 3d of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 and connected to the air chamber 3, but may be connected to the air chamber 3 from the lower side of the cultivation pot mounting table 3. . The pressurized air distribution pipe 11 is connected to a blower 15 provided near the cultivation base 2 through a pressurized air pipe 18. A pressure gauge 16 and a pressure regulating valve 17 are provided in the pressurized air pipe 18.
Above the blower 15, a water tank 19 connected to a water supply source such as water supply and sewerage via an electromagnetic valve 20 is provided. This water tank 19 is connected to a water supply pipe 1 through a water supply pipe 22 having an opening / closing plug 23.
2 is connected to a flexible pipe 14 branched from the water supply pipe 12 and a water supply port 10 formed on a side surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the water storage tank 1. Water can be stored accordingly. The water tank 19 is provided with a float valve 24 in order to keep the liquid level of the water tank 19 constant. Thereby, the volume of water stored in the water storage tank 1 can be kept constant. Above the blower 15, the above-mentioned water supply,
A control device 25 is provided for controlling water supply release, water storage, and water storage release. At an appropriate position in the water storage tank 1, a first liquid level detection device 26 for detecting that the liquid level in the water storage tank 1 has reached a predetermined stored liquid level is provided. Here, the predetermined water level is a liquid level at which a sufficient water storage state can be maintained. That is, the first liquid level detecting device 26 includes the water storage level sensor 26a and the common level sensor 26b. The tip of the water level sensor 26a is located at a predetermined water level, and the common level sensor 26b acts as a ground. When the water stored in the water storage tank 1 falls below a predetermined water level due to evaporation or water leakage, the water storage level sensor 26a and the common level sensor 26
The current stops flowing through the water in the water storage tank 1 with respect to b. As a result, the solenoid valve 20 is automatically opened via the control device 25, and water is stored in the water storage tank 1. Then, when the liquid level reaches the tip of the water storage level sensor 26a, a current flows between the water storage level sensor 26a and the common level sensor 26b through the water in the water storage tank 1, and the electromagnetic valve 20 through the control device 25. Automatically closes. Thereby, the water storage in the water storage tank 1 is stopped. By continuing such an operation repeatedly, the height of the liquid level in the water storage tank 1 can be kept substantially constant. Also, at an appropriate position of the water storage tank 1, a second liquid level for detecting that the liquid level in the water storage tank 1 has reached a predetermined water supply upper limit height or a water supply lower limit height in a water supply state. A height detection device 27 is provided. Here, in order to keep the water supply state enough,
The height of the liquid level is maintained between a predetermined lower limit of water supply level and a predetermined upper limit of water supply located above the bottom water supply port of the cultivation pot 7 placed on the cultivation pot mounting table 3. is necessary. That is, the second liquid level detecting device 27 includes a water supply upper limit level sensor 27a,
A water supply lower limit level sensor 27b and a common level sensor 27c are provided, and the tip of the water supply upper limit level sensor 27a is located at a predetermined water supply upper limit height,
The tip of the lower limit level sensor 27b is located at a predetermined water supply lower limit height. The interval between the two sensors 27a and 27b is set to about 5 mm in this embodiment. The common level sensor 27c also functions as a ground, similarly to the above-described common level sensor 26b. In the above configuration, air is supplied to the air chamber 3a of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 so as to raise the liquid level of water in the water storage tank 1 in order to supply water to the plants in the cultivation pot, and the liquid level is equal to the water supply upper limit height. , A current flows through the water between the water supply upper limit level sensor 27 and the common level sensor 27c. Thereby, the control device 25
, The operation of the blower 15 is stopped, and the supply of air to the air chamber 3a is stopped. Further, after the water supply state, the air chamber 3a is depressurized with the passage of time,
When the liquid level becomes lower than the lower water supply liquid level, no current flows through the water between the lower water supply level sensor 27b and the common level sensor 27c. As a result, the blower 15 is operated via the control device 25 to supply air to the air chamber 3a and raise the liquid level. By continuing such an operation repeatedly, the water supply state can be maintained for an arbitrary time. In addition, as shown in FIG.
A support member 28 for preventing the floating of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 which is arranged over almost the entire surface is attached. As shown in FIG. 3, the support member 28 straddles the upper surface of the side wall of the water storage tank 1,
The upper surface of the support surface 3d is pressed and locked by an adjustment bolt 29 inserted from the upper surface. In the plant cultivation apparatus configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 3, a certain amount of water was stored in the water storage tank 1 and was planted in a large number of cultivation pots 7. Cultivation of plants takes place. During the cultivation, when water is supplied to many cultivation pots 7, the blower 15 is appropriately operated to add the water to the air chamber 3 a in the cultivation pot mounting table 3 provided in the water storage tank 1 through the air port 9. By supplying the pressurized air, the air chamber 3a is pressurized and the water stored in the lower part of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 flows through the water supply gap 6, and as shown in FIG. Is higher than the cultivation pot mounting table 3, and the cultivation liquid can be supplied to the cultivation pot 7 through the water supply hole 8 formed in the bottom surface of the cultivation pot. In addition, when the pressurized air in the air chamber 3a is removed via an on-off valve (not shown), the inside of the air chamber 3a is depressurized, and the water supply is released as shown in FIG.
If the inside of the air chamber 3a is maintained in a pressurized state, the water supply state can be maintained at all times or for a relatively long time. The height of the liquid level of these cultivation liquids is automatically adjusted via the control device 25 as described above. According to the above-described embodiment, since the level of the water constantly stored in the water storage tank 1 is adjusted to be in the water supply state or the water supply release state, the cultivation pot 7 can be maintained in a relatively short time. Water supply to and release of water can be performed. Therefore, not only plants that need to be constantly in a water supply state or plants that need to be in a water supply state for a relatively long time, it is necessary to release water supply in a short time after being in a water supply state for a short time. It is also possible to appropriately carry out plant cultivation. In particular, by forming the water supply gap 6 to be narrow, even if the cultivation pot mounting table 3 is elongated in the longitudinal direction, the resistance of water supply and water supply cancellation can be reduced, and it can be performed in a relatively short time. . That is, when pressurized air is supplied to the air chamber 3a of the cultivation pot mounting table 3,
The water is rapidly pumped from both sides toward the center of the support surface 3d of the mounting table 3 over the entire longitudinal direction. On the other hand, if the air in the air chamber 3a escapes, the water is quickly drawn by the decompression of the air chamber 3a. You can make it. In this case, since the support surface 3d of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 has a cross section gently downwardly inclined from the center portion parallel to the longitudinal direction to both sides as described above, the support surface 3d flows out of the cultivation pot 7 when water supply is released. Since the soil flows down to the lower chamber 4, drainage is quickly performed. Further, according to the above-described embodiment, since the liquid level in the water storage tank 1 is adjusted via the blower 15 to be in a water supply state or a water supply release state, the above-described conventional apparatus is used. The energy required for raising and lowering the liquid level is smaller than that of the above, and energy saving and low cost can be achieved. Furthermore, according to the above embodiment, since a plurality of water tanks 1 are provided and the cultivation liquid stored in each water tank is used in advance, the cultivation is performed between the water tanks as in the above-described conventional apparatus. It is possible to prevent disease transmission between the water storage tanks without circulation of the liquid. In addition, the cultivation liquid may be a solution obtained by dissolving a fertilizer or a chemical in water, in addition to water.
Further, the water temperature may be controlled. Further, in the above embodiment, the water supply gap 6 is formed on both sides of the cultivation pot mounting table 3, but may be formed on only one of the sides. FIG. 5 illustrates a plant cultivation apparatus in which a large number of the plant cultivation apparatuses according to the present invention are installed in a cultivation house 31. The cultivation house 31 is constructed by covering a skeleton 32 of the house with a translucent material 33 capable of taking in sunlight.
A control device 34 for automatically supplying and discharging water and pressurized air is disposed at an appropriate position. If the plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention is used in such a facility, horticultural plants and the like can be centrally managed, and the plants can be cultivated in large amounts with energy saving and labor saving, which is extremely effective. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention supplies and releases water to and from a large number of cultivation pots such as flowers and plants, and not only cultivates a large amount under labor-saving, but also It can also be used as a livestock drinking or liquid supply device that supplies a liquid periodically or as needed.

Claims

Claims: A support surface 3d is formed on a top surface of an elongate gutter-shaped water storage tank 1 having an open upper side, the support surface 3d having a gentle downward slope from the center toward both sides, and on both sides of the support surface 3d. Outer wall 3
support the cultivation Hachino table 3 substantially box-shaped, provided on the front and rear of the water tank 1 by placing the opening 3b downwardly to the lower side and the opening 3b a c droops extending Adjustment button at 28
The water tank 1 is fixed so as not to float, and an upper chamber 5 and a lower chamber 4 in which the periphery is sealed and stored are formed in the water tank 1, and the inner wall 1 of the water tank 1 is formed.
a water supply gap 6 communicating from the lower chamber 4 to the upper chamber 5 is formed between the cultivating pot mounting table 3 and the outer wall 3c of the cultivating pot mounting table 3, and the air chamber 3a formed inside the cultivating pot mounting table 3 is pressurized. An air supply means for supplying air is provided.
The cultivation liquid stored in the lower chamber of the cultivation pot mounting table 3 is placed on the support surface 3d of the cultivation pot mounting table 3.
The height at which the bottom surface of the cultivation pot placed on the support surface 3d of 3 is soaked is raised as the water supply upper limit.
Plant cultivating apparatus characterized by lowering from or cultivation pot table 3 supporting surfaces 3d on.