JP2025006971A - Housing structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a housing structure which is a housing structure using a timber framework method, which maintains high intensity, high airtightness and high heat insulation property required for a wooden house, and which can cope with an SI housing, and to provide a construction method of the housing structure.SOLUTION: In a housing structure 1, a portion is provided, at an outer peripheral part 3, where a bundle column 51, a combination beam 61 and two walls 71 including a load bearing structure when viewed from a thickness direction are formed, and the outer peripheral part 3 has a load bearing structure with high intensity and has strength. Inside a housing, the number of installation places of bearing walls, columns 5, beams 6 and the like is reduced. Thus, the degree of freedom and the number of choices can be increased regarding the use of the bearing walls, the columns 5, the beams 6 and the like, to make available a space without the restriction on the position of partition walls of the room. In addition, each of walls 7 formed by two or more pieces arranged in the outer peripheral part 3 includes a heat insulation function, and has high airtightness. By utilizing the thickness of a heat insulation material 72 which has heat insulation performance double or more the heat insulation performance of a housing structure comprising one piece of wall 7, a plurality of performances necessary for a building such as high intensity, high earthquake resistance, high airtightness, and high heat insulation property are simultaneously achieved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

The present invention relates to a residential structure and a construction method for the residential structure. More specifically, the present invention relates to a residential structure and a construction method for the residential structure that is formed using a framework construction method and can also accommodate skeleton-infill (SI).

Traditional methods for constructing wooden houses include the post and beam method and the frame wall method. The traditional post and beam method, for example, is called the post and beam method, in which the framework of the building is made up of foundations, columns, beams, and braces, and the load of the upper structure, such as the roof and floor, is guided vertically mainly by the columns and transmitted to the foundation or base.

This type of frame construction method is known to have the advantage that materials can be selected according to the placement of openings such as entrances and windows and the load of the superstructure, and that the design can be carried out relatively freely (see, for example, Patent Document 1, etc.).

In the post and beam construction method, the rectangular wall space formed by assembling timber is braced with diagonal braces to withstand the vertical load caused by the weight of the building and the horizontal load caused by earthquakes and strong winds. In this construction method, long pieces of timber with a large, roughly square cross section are often used as the timber columns.

On the other hand, frame wall construction methods, known for example as the two-by-four method or platform frame method, involve joining wooden columns vertically and horizontally to form a floor framework that serves as the framework for a building, and then nailing structural plywood or the like to this framework to form a wall framework consisting of load-bearing walls (see, for example, Patent Document 2, etc.).

Such floor and wall framing is known to have the advantage that it can be mass-produced as standardized products without using expensive materials or components, and is also easy to install on-site. The wood used in this construction method can be any material that can serve as a frame when structural plywood and the like are nailed to it, and for example, short pieces of wood with a small rectangular cross section are used.

Comparing these construction methods, in terms of space, the post and beam method is composed of an "axis (line)," while the framed wall method is composed of a "plate (surface)." The structures that give rigidity to the floors, walls, etc. are thought to be "braces, fire beams, and fire bases" in the post and beam method, and "structural plywood" in the framed wall method. The wood used in the post and beam method includes large cross-section, long materials (through columns) that are mainly square, while the framed wall method includes mainly small cross-section, short materials. The construction process is thought to be "first and second floor axis, floor, truss" in the post and beam method, and "first floor floor, first floor wall, second floor floor, second floor wall, shed (step work, etc.)" in the framed wall method.

Focusing on the traditional framework construction method, as mentioned above, the framework construction method is a method that is literally supported mainly by pillars and beams, and since there are fewer walls to be given strength compared to the frame wall construction method, it is a method with a relatively high degree of freedom in design. To ensure earthquake resistance, as mentioned above, framework construction often uses diagonal members such as braces, fire beams, and fire bases, allowing for a high degree of freedom in design.

In framework construction, the necessary bearing walls are installed based on the standards set out in the Building Standards Act to withstand vertical loads as well as earthquake and wind forces. Generally, bearing walls are installed on the outer perimeter walls as much as possible, and any shortfalls are installed on the interior walls. However, when openings such as windows and entrances necessary for lighting and ventilation are installed on the outer perimeter walls, there are cases where the amount of bearing walls required by the Building Standards Act falls short, making it necessary to install separate interior walls to make up for the shortfall.

On the other hand, in order to ensure that the lighting area meets the needs of users and legal standards, it is desirable to have openings that are large and positioned with a certain degree of freedom. However, in the case of outer walls, ensuring the necessary amount of load-bearing wall material places many restrictions on the size and position of openings, and in the case of interior walls, there are also many restrictions on the size and shape of rooms, partitions, column placement, etc.

As such, there is often a conflict between ensuring building strength by increasing the required amount of bearing walls and freely installing partitions and openings, etc., and even if the outer and inner walls meet the minimum earthquake-resistant wall amount set by the Building Standards Act, the building tends to have no margin of safety.

In addition, while many technologies have been devised for the load-bearing walls of buildings that use frame construction, there is a demand for technological proposals that address social issues, such as strengthening the structure of the entire building through the rational use of wood, extending the lifespan of structures, enabling long-term, sustainable use (so-called Skeleton-Infill: SI), and sustainable buildings that extend the lifespan before reconstruction and reduce life cycle costs.

In light of this, there has been a demand in recent years for the development and popularization of the above-mentioned SI housing, which has long-term durability while allowing for variability in living space. Here, in SI housing, the skeleton refers to the structural parts of the house, such as the pillars and beams, and the infill refers to the layout and interior of the house.

SI homes are constructed with a separate skeleton and infill, with a skeleton that is constructed to be highly strong and durable for the long term, while allowing for variability in layout and interior design. SI homes are long-lived homes that can be remodeled relatively easily to suit changes in the residents' lifestyles and family structures, or to meet the diverse needs of the residents.

In addition, in recent years, there has been an increase in skeleton reforms that leave the structure intact, and insulation renovations aimed at improving insulation performance, and there is a demand for the development and popularization of so-called highly airtight and insulated homes that have improved airtightness and insulation, energy savings, and comfort. In addition, various homes using wood panel construction methods have been developed and provided that combine silicon ion (SI) with high strength, high airtightness, and high insulation.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-270073 JP 2002-294769 A

The development and popularization of houses that combine system integration with high airtightness and insulation is required not only for houses built using panel construction methods, but also for houses built using wooden frame construction methods. However, with wooden frame construction methods, it has been difficult to create skeleton-infill houses that can accommodate flexible floor plans, the number and placement of openings, and long-term use while maintaining high strength, airtightness, and insulation and ensuring high earthquake resistance.

In Japan, an earthquake-prone country, the earthquake resistance and structural problems of wooden houses become apparent every time a major earthquake occurs, and there is a demand for reviewing structural standards and optimizing construction methods. In addition, in order to address the social issue of preventing global warming in recent years in construction and to reduce energy consumption, the insulation standards for energy-saving houses have been reviewed and systems and standards have been revised to reduce carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ), and further energy conservation and improved insulation performance are required in houses as well.

In addition, from the perspective of effective use of wood, resource conservation, sustainable building techniques that allow long-term use, and a review of the life cycle costs of buildings, there is a need for measures to improve the durability of housing structures and extend the life cycle of buildings. In order to respond to these times and social demands, there is a demand for new housing structures with high strength and airtightness in the field of post-and-beam construction, which is the most common type of wooden house built, as well as homes with high insulation performance that can extend the lifespan before they need to be rebuilt.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a housing structure and construction method for a housing structure that uses wooden frame construction and maintains the high strength, airtightness, and insulation required of wooden houses, and is also suitable for skeleton-infill housing.

In order to solve the above problems, the housing structure according to the present invention comprises:
A residential structure consisting of a wooden frame structure with walls, pillars, and beams,
Among the columns in the outer periphery, columns arranged at positions constituting a structural grid are bundled columns each comprising a plurality of square columns;
The beams arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery include a joint beam,
The wall arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a portion formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure,
Each of said walls has a thermal insulation function.
It is characterized by:

The housing structure according to the present invention is the above-mentioned present invention,
The wall having the load-bearing structure arranged on the outer periphery includes a portion formed of two walls, an inner outer periphery wall and an outer outer periphery wall,
The inner peripheral wall and the outer peripheral wall each have a load-bearing structure and a heat-insulating function.

The housing structure according to the present invention is the above-mentioned present invention,
The pillars arranged at the corners of the outer periphery are bundled pillars consisting of two pillars x two pillars, for a total of four pillars.

The housing structure according to the present invention is the above-mentioned present invention,
The present invention is characterized in that the bundle columns, the joint beams and the two or more walls each have a portion formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure so that the wall volume fulfillment rate against earthquake force and the wall volume fulfillment rate against wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume fulfillment rate) specified in the Building Standards Act each exceed 1.0.
Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X)

The method for constructing a housing structure according to the present invention is a method for constructing the housing structure according to the present invention described above,
The construction is characterized in that the bundle columns, the joint beams, and the two or more walls are each constructed so that their portions are formed of walls having load-bearing structures, so that the wall volume fulfillment rate for resisting earthquake forces and the wall volume fulfillment rate for resisting wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume fulfillment rate) specified in the Building Standards Act each exceed 1.0.
Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X)

The housing structure according to the present invention has a section on the periphery formed of bundled columns, joint beams, and load-bearing walls (two walls with load-bearing structure) formed of two or more sheets when viewed in the thickness direction, providing a high-strength load-bearing structure on the periphery. This structure makes it possible to resist earthquake forces and wind pressure from the outside and to form a strong, integrated outer shell around the building's periphery, which is prone to deterioration and damage, into a (semi-)monocoque structure, and by forming a lattice-like structural grid inside to ensure strength, it is possible to concentrate the load-bearing structure on the periphery. As a result, the housing structure according to the present invention is strong, and can reduce the number of installation locations for load-bearing walls, columns, beams, etc. inside the house, allowing for more freedom and options in the use of components such as load-bearing walls, columns, beams, etc., allowing for more expansive space utilization without restricting the position of room partition walls.

In addition, the housing structure of the present invention has two or more walls arranged around the perimeter that each have insulating properties, making it highly airtight, and by utilizing the thickness of the insulating material that is twice or more thicker than that of a normal housing structure consisting of a single wall, it can be made into a housing structure that simultaneously achieves multiple performance requirements for a building, such as high strength, high earthquake resistance, high airtightness, and high insulation, and that meets the standards of the Ministerial Ordinance Prescribing Energy Consumption Performance Standards for Buildings in a wide range of regions from cold to hot and warm climates, as well as the high insulation standard of HEAT20, which is the higher insulation standard set by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

The construction method of the housing structure of the present invention is a method of constructing the housing structure of the present invention described above, in which the parts formed of two walls equipped with bundle columns, joint beams, and load-bearing structures are arranged so that the wall volume sufficiency rate for resisting earthquake forces and wind pressure as stipulated in the Building Standards Act, calculated by formula (X), each exceeds 1.0, making this a construction method that optimally achieves the effects described above.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a house structure having a wooden frame construction. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a house structure having a wooden frame construction. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a house structure having a wooden frame construction. A diagram showing an example of a bundled column and a matching beam. A diagram showing the state in which the bundled column and the matching beam are joined. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the outer peripheral wall. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an application example of a housing structure according to the present invention. FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another application example of the housing structure according to the present invention. FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 13 . 13A and 13B are diagrams showing other examples of the structure of the outer peripheral wall.

Below, one aspect of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention is described.

(I) General housing structure 1 of a post-and-beam construction house:
Figures 1 to 3 are perspective views showing one embodiment of a residential structure 1 made of a wooden frame structure, with Figure 1 showing a state in which a part of the sheathing boards N of the roof 27 has been removed, Figure 2 showing a state in which the roof 27 has been removed, and Figure 3 showing a state in which the roof 27 has been moved up to show the part covered by the roof 27. In Figures 1 to 3, a two-story residential structure 1 is shown as an example, and in Figure 1, for the sake of convenience of explanation, part of the internal structure is omitted to show the "structural grid". Also, although it is common to all figures including Figures 1 to 3, not all of the members that are shown are given reference numerals.

Generally, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, a residential structure 1 made of a wooden frame structure is constructed by first forming pillars 5, beams 6, etc. from specified (wooden) square timbers to form a wooden frame 2 including a floor truss 21 and a roof truss 22, and then fixing specified boards (board materials) as wall panels W, floor panels F, sheathing boards N (and sometimes ceiling panels) etc. to the wooden frame 2. Note that the "periphery 3" referred to in this invention is the part that forms the periphery of the residential structure 1.

The housing structure 1 shown in Figure 1 etc. has a perimeter (double) foundation 23 (when forming the perimeter 3, for example, the second floor floor beams and rafters may be beams 6 or mating beams 61, which will be described later; the same applies below) that rises on the perimeter and is fixed to the foundation 28. Although this is not shown in Figure 1 etc. to avoid complicating the drawing, it is common for the floor structure 21 to be formed by erecting indoor side joists 24 (see Figure 2 etc.) between the perimeter (double) foundations 23.

The joints between the outer (double) base 23 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "base 23") and the indoor side joists 24 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "joists 24"), and the joints between the indoor side joists 24 themselves, are generally secured to the ends of the indoor side joists 24 by beam support metal joints (not shown) that are fixed to the base 23 and joists 24 by joints or metal joints (not shown). In addition to the foundation 28 described above, floor trusses 21 formed by joists (not shown) are also well known, and there is no problem in applying these floor trusses 21.

Columns 5 are erected on the base 23 of the floor structure 21, which is made up of the foundation 28. In the present invention, the columns 5 erected on the outer periphery 3 are bundled columns 51 that are arranged in positions that form a structural grid, and are shown as such in Figure 1, etc., but this will be described later.

Beams 6 are fixed on the columns 5 of the outer periphery 3 between the first and second floors. In the present invention, the beams 6 of the outer periphery 3 include overlapping beams 61 (also written as overlapping beams, the same applies below) as the beams 6 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundled columns 51 of the outer periphery 3, and are shown as such in Figure 1 and other figures, which will also be described later. In addition, within the interior surrounded by the beams 6 arranged in the outer periphery 3, beams 6 (shown as joists 24 in Figures 2 and 3. Note that in Figures 2 and 3, the joists 24 connected to the columns 5 (overlapping columns 51) are sometimes shown as indoor bases 24D) are spanned in the width direction and length direction (directions perpendicular to the width direction. For the width direction and length direction, see the arrow directions in Figures 1 to 3). These joists 24 are arranged so that they form an approximate cross when viewed in a plan view (from directly above the housing structure 1).

On the second floor, located above the beams 6, columns 5 are erected on the beams 6, and on the outer periphery 3, beams 6 are fixed on the columns 5. Similarly, beams 6 on the outer periphery 3 are made of mating beams 61, and similarly, beams 6 (joists 24) (not shown) are hung across the width and length of the beams 6, and are arranged in a roughly cross shape when viewed from above.

Beams 6 (which are also joint beams 61 at the top of the second floor, and are shown as such in Figures 1 to 3) are formed in the width and length directions, and the joints with the columns 5 are not shown, but the ends of the beams 6 are supported and fixed by joints, metal joints, etc.

The purlins 25 are erected at a specified pitch parallel to the ridge beam 26, which is the highest component of the roof 27, and the rafters 5T (different from the "bundled pillars 61" mentioned above) are erected on the second floor beams 6, with the ridge beams 26 and purlins 25 erected on the rafters 5T. Rafters (not shown) are erected at a specified pitch from both sides of the ridge beam 26 toward the beams 6, and the rafters 22 are formed by these beams 6, rafters 5T, purlins 25, and rafters (not shown).

Then, the wooden framework 2 including the floor truss 21 and roof truss 22 thus formed is fixed with the specified boards (board materials) such as the walls 7 (wall panels W), floor panels F, and sheathing boards N (or ceiling panels in some cases), to form the residential structure 1 as shown in FIG. 1 and the like. In the present invention, (although not shown in the above-mentioned FIGS. 1 to 3, as the explanation will be given using FIG. 6 and the like) the walls 7 arranged on the outer periphery 3 are formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a part formed of a wall 71 with a load-bearing structure (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "two-wall 71 with load-bearing structure") (the part where the brace 81 is arranged in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 corresponds to this. Note that the reference numeral 81 is only given to a part), and each wall 7 has a heat insulating function, which will be described later.

(II) Regarding the housing structure 1 according to the present invention:
Next, a description will be given of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention, which is applied to the above-mentioned housing structure 1. The basic configuration described below may be referred to as the "basic configuration of the present invention."
The housing structure 1 according to the present invention is
A residential structure 1 having a wooden frame structure including walls 7, columns 5, and beams 6,
Among the columns 5 in the outer periphery 3, the columns 5 arranged at positions constituting a structural grid are bundled columns 51 each comprising a plurality of square columns bundled together,
The beam 6 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundling columns 51 of the outer periphery 3 includes a joint beam 61,
The wall 7 arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns 51 of the outer periphery 3 is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls 7 includes a portion formed of a wall 7 having a load-bearing structure,
Each of said walls 7 has a thermal insulation function.
The basic configuration is as follows.

(II-1) Regarding Pillar 5:
The columns 5 are erected vertically (axially) on the floor structure 21. Bundled columns 51 are used at positions that form a structural grid for the columns 5 arranged at intersections in the outer periphery 3. Here, the term "bundled columns 51" refers to columns 5 that are integrated by bundling (assembling) multiple columns 5 together. Also, the term "intersection position (intersecting position)" refers to a position where structural members are joined. The use of the bundled columns 51 improves strength, mainly against vertical loads and live loads.

The structural grid is a set of three-dimensional grid lines that are the basis for combining structural frames made up of columns 5, beams 6, and walls 7 in three dimensions, with two adjacent standard rectangles sharing one side and both corners, and is a collection of three-dimensional grid lines that are the basis for combining structural frames made up of columns 5, beams 6, and walls 7 in three dimensions. The positions that make up the structural grid refer to the corner positions in the structural grid (generally the four corners, and in this invention, these correspond to the positions located on the outer periphery 3).

Each of the columns 5 constituting the bundling column 51 is preferably a rectangular column, and more preferably has a substantially square cross section. In addition, the columns 5 constituting the bundling column 51 preferably have the same cross section, and more preferably have substantially square cross sections.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5 below, the bundling columns 51 are preferably made up of two columns 5 arranged side by side, or two columns arranged vertically and two columns parallel to the housing structure 1 (the vertical and parallel directions are shown in Figure 4 below), for a total of four columns (two columns x two columns).

The strength of the bundling columns 51 increases with the number of columns 5 that make up the bundling columns 51. As shown in FIG. 1, etc., it is preferable to use bundling columns 51 consisting of four columns (2 x 2 columns) for columns 5 arranged at corners 31 of the outer periphery 3 (or corners 31 of the outer periphery wall). In addition, for intersections other than the corners 31, four bundling columns 51 (2 x 2 columns) or two bundling columns 51 may be used depending on the required strength. In FIG. 1, etc., a bundling column 51 consisting of four columns (2 x 2 columns) is used for the corners 31 of the outer periphery 3, and two bundling columns 51 are used for intersections other than the corners 31 of the outer periphery 3. In addition, when bundling columns 51 are formed from two columns, it is preferable to arrange the columns 5 side by side in the thickness direction of the wall 7.

There are no particular restrictions on the size of each pillar 5 that makes up the bundled pillar 51, but from the perspective of the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and the effective use of small diameter lumber, it is preferable to use large cross-section members, rationally use commonly available lumber that does not require secondary processing such as laminated lumber, and make the cross-section roughly square, with the length of one side of the cross-section being 105 to 120 mm. It is also preferable to use pillars that are 105 mm x 105 mm (105 mm square) or 120 mm x 120 mm (120 mm square).

(II-2) Regarding Beam 6:
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a bundling column 51 and a joint beam 61 (the bundling column 51 is shown in cross section), and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the joint state of the bundling column 51 and the joint beam 61. In Figs. 4 and 5, in addition to the bundling columns 51 and joint beams 61 shown in (A) to (D), (E) is a reference diagram showing a combination of a single column (one column 5) and a single beam (one beam 6) ((A) is the corner 31 of the outer periphery 3, (B) and (D) are positions connecting the parallel walls 7 of the outer periphery 3, and (C) and (E) are configurations arranged inside).

In the present invention, the beams 6 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundling columns 51 of the outer periphery 3 include overlapping beams 61. In the present invention, the overlapping beams 61 refer to beams 6 formed by overlapping (stacking) two or more beams 6, and FIG. 1 and other figures show an embodiment in which the base 23 described above is also an overlapping beam 61. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, when two or four (2 x 2) columns 5 are used as the bundling columns 51, it is preferable that the beams 6 are overlapped (stacking) in a direction perpendicular to the erection direction of the columns 5 (which is also the thickness direction of the wall 7) because joining is more efficient when the bundling columns 51 are lined up in two from the beams 6.

In addition, in the present invention, the beams 6 arranged on the outer periphery 3 include a portion that is a mating beam 61, which improves the strength of the outer periphery 3 (mainly the strength against vertical loads and horizontal forces) compared to using a single beam (one beam 6), and this improvement is achieved while also reducing the size by distributing the load across multiple beams.

In the housing structure 1, the beams 6 are joined to the columns 5, and the joint beams 61 in the housing structure 1 according to the present invention are joined to the bundled columns 51. In the present invention, the columns 5 arranged at the intersections of the outer periphery 3 are bundled columns 51, and it is preferable that the thickness direction of the beams 6 constituting the joint beams 61 is the same as that of one of the columns 5 constituting the bundled columns 51.

(II-3) Regarding Wall 7:
In the outer periphery 3, the walls 7 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundle columns 51 are formed of two or more walls (multiple walls) when viewed from the thickness direction (the direction in which the walls 7 are stacked, see Figures 6 and 8), and each of the two or more walls 7 includes a portion formed of a wall 71 having a load-bearing structure (two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure), and each of the walls 7 has a heat insulating function. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the walls 7 of the outer periphery 3 are two (double) walls will be described as an example, but the expression "two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure" used in the present invention includes a number (weight) of walls 7 exceeding two (double) walls (for example, three (triple).) Note that "two or more walls 7 include a wall 71 having a load-bearing structure (two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure)" refers to the wall 7 constituting the outer periphery 3 in the structural grid including a portion in which two or more walls 7 are walls 71 having a load-bearing structure.

In this embodiment, the two walls 7 (periphery wall (wall 7 of the periphery 3)) are configured as a wall 7 with a load-bearing structure arranged on the periphery 3, which is composed of an outer peripheral wall (an outer peripheral wall arranged on the outer peripheral wall 3 side) 7G and an inner peripheral wall (an outer peripheral wall arranged on the inner side (more inward than the outer peripheral wall 7G)) 7N. The wall 7 (load-bearing wall: a wall with a load-bearing structure) of the outer peripheral part 3, which is easily deteriorated by external factors, is made stronger by doubling it and forming a monocoque structure. By distinguishing the inside and outside of the outer peripheral wall, it becomes easier to carry out separate construction work during remodeling and renovation. The insulation material 72 is present within the thickness of the structure, and the structure and insulation material 72 (see Figure 6, etc., described later) are formed inside the external waterproof line, making it possible to provide a long-life house that can be maintained and used for a long time.

Figures 6 to 9 show an example of the structure of the outer perimeter wall. Note that in Figure 6, only the main structural members are shown, and the two walls 71 with load-bearing structure are shown disassembled (the reference numerals are simplified for the two walls 71 with load-bearing structure shown on the right side of the drawing, including Figures 10 and 15 described below). Also, Figure 7 (front view), Figure 8, and Figure 9 (cross-sectional view) show the detailed members that make up the two walls 71 with load-bearing structure.

The outer peripheral wall also includes a portion having a strength-bearing structure, with the wall 7 being formed of two walls 71 having a strength-bearing structure. In FIG. 6 and other figures, the two inner outer peripheral walls 7N and the outer outer peripheral wall 7G each have a strength-bearing structure, and in terms of structural strength, they function as high-strength walls with a wall factor of two added together. As each wall 7 includes a portion having a strength-bearing structure, the strength as a strength wall (mainly horizontal loads and vertical loads) is improved. Furthermore, as the structure of the outer peripheral portion 3 is formed from a double structure, with the wall 7 being double (multiple), high airtightness is also maintained.

In the present invention, in addition to using the aforementioned bundled columns 51 and joint beams 61 in the outer periphery 3, a portion in which a load-bearing structure is stacked in the thickness direction of the outer periphery 3 or an integrated, continuous monocoque structure is formed, so that the strength of the outer periphery 3 can be improved, and as a result, it is possible to design a house that provides a variety of spacious and flexible spaces inside the house, without requiring excessive strength on the inside of the house structure 1, and that can minimize the number of walls 7, including load-bearing walls, and columns 5.

In addition, each of the internal outer peripheral wall 7N and the external outer peripheral wall 7G has a heat insulating function, and thus each of the walls 7 formed of two or more sheets has a heat insulating function. Therefore, compared to a housing structure 1 formed of a wall 7 with a typical single layer of insulation material 72, the insulation material exists within the thickness of the structure, and the structure and insulation material 72 are formed inside the external waterproof line (e.g., moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84, etc.), resulting in a housing structure 1 with excellent insulation properties and durability.

In addition, in order to provide the wall 7 with a heat insulating function, it is common to provide it with a heat insulating material 72 (if it is layered, it is called a heat insulating layer). There are no particular restrictions on the type of heat insulating material 72 (heat insulating layer) used, and it can be determined appropriately according to the heat insulating area classification established for each region. In this specification, for convenience, providing a heat insulating function is sometimes described as providing a heat insulating material 72 (heat insulating layer).

The wall 7 arranged as a load-bearing wall refers to a wall 7 arranged in a part of the housing structure 1 that requires load-bearing strength, excluding parts that do not require load-bearing strength (for example, parts such as doors and windows). As in the example shown in FIG. 6, it is preferable to make the inner peripheral wall 7N and the outer peripheral wall 7G each have a load-bearing structure (or include a part that has a load-bearing structure), as this improves the strength and earthquake resistance of the housing structure 1.

Below, as an example of the structure of the outer peripheral wall, we will explain a structure in which the outer peripheral wall 7G and the inner peripheral wall 7N are each load-bearing walls equipped with cross-hung diagonal braces 81, and the outer peripheral wall 7G is equipped with a load-bearing surface material 82 and is used as the structure of the outer peripheral wall (wall 7 of the outer periphery 3).

In the structure shown in Figures 6 and 7 to 9, first, an exterior wall material 83, a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84, and a load-bearing surface material 82 are arranged from the outside to the inside as an outer perimeter wall 7G. In addition, a cross-connected diagonal brace 81 with a stud 85 is arranged on the inside side of the load-bearing surface material 82, and a heat-insulating material 72 is arranged to fill the space formed by the diagonal brace 81 to provide heat insulation.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, etc., a ventilation layer 86 is formed between the exterior wall material 83 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84. Also, an example is shown in which a vertical furring strip 87 is arranged on the back side of the exterior wall material 83 to secure the exterior wall material 83 to the bundling column 51.

The inner perimeter wall 7N is made up of, from the outside to the inside, cross-hung braces 81 with studs 85, airtight sheet 88, wall base made of gypsum board, and wallpaper 89. As with the outer perimeter wall 7G, insulation material 72 is arranged to fill the space formed by the braces 81. For ease of illustration, the thin moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84 and wall base made of gypsum board and wallpaper 89 are shown with dotted lines in Figures 8 and 9, and the support lines are also dotted (not shown in Figure 7).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, etc., the external outer peripheral wall 7G has a load-bearing surface material 82, a cross-hung brace 81 with a stud 85, and the internal outer peripheral wall 7N has a cross-hung brace 81 with a stud 85 to form a load-bearing structure. In this embodiment, the load-bearing structure is formed by the external outer peripheral wall 7G and the internal outer peripheral wall 7N, which are walls 71 (two (or more) walls; the same applies below), and the wall factor can be added to provide a high-strength, high-earthquake resistant housing structure 1. In addition, since the external outer peripheral wall 7G and the internal outer peripheral wall 7N each have a heat-insulating material 72, the heat-insulating performance is higher than that of a normal housing structure 1.

Figure 10 shows another example of the structure of the outer wall. Note that Figure 10 and the following description only refer to the main structural members.

As shown in FIG. 10, the outer peripheral wall 7G is made of cross-hitched diagonal braces 81 and load-bearing surface material 82, and is provided with insulation material 72 in the space formed by the cross-hitched diagonal braces 81. The inner peripheral wall 7N is made of load-bearing surface material 82a with frame materials (upper crosspiece, lower crosspiece, and one vertical crosspiece) on four sides and one vertical crosspiece inside, and is provided with insulation material 72 as insulation in the space surrounded by the frame materials.

Even in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, etc., the external outer peripheral wall 7G has a load-bearing surface material 82 and a cross-hung brace 81, and the internal outer peripheral wall 7N has load-bearing surface materials 82, 82a that form a load-bearing structure. Even in such an embodiment, the load-bearing structure is formed by the wall 71, which has a load-bearing structure consisting of the external outer peripheral wall 7G and the internal outer peripheral wall 7N, so a high-strength, high-earthquake-resistant housing structure 1 can be provided. In addition, since the external outer peripheral wall 7G and the internal outer peripheral wall 7N each have a heat-insulating material 72, the heat-insulating performance is improved compared to a normal housing structure 1.

(III) Application example of housing structure 1:
An application example of the residential structure 1 according to the present invention will be described below. Fig. 11 is a plan view showing an application example of the residential structure 1 according to the present invention, and Fig. 12 is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a plan view showing another application example of the residential structure 1 according to the present invention, and Fig. 14 is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 13. Explanations of the walls 7 and columns 5 in Figs. 11 to 14 are also provided at the bottom of the drawings.

In the housing structure 1 shown in Figures 11 and 12, the columns 5 at the intersections inside are four (2 x 2) bundled columns 51, the interior partition wall 7S is also two-walled (double wall), and the beams 6 arranged inside are also composed of laminated beams 61. On the other hand, in the structure shown in Figures 13 and 14, the interior partition wall 7S is one wall 7, the columns 5 at the intersections are one column 5, the interior partition wall 7S is also a single wall (single wall), and the beams 6 are also composed of a single beam (one beam 6).

The structure shown in Figures 11 to 14 shows a combination of 2 x 2 bays as a structural grid. The residential structure 1 according to the present invention is an integrated monocoque structure with load-bearing structure concentrated at the outer periphery 3, and the synergistic effect with the lattice-like residential structure 1 formed by the structural grid provides a stable structure with excellent strength.

In the housing structure 1 shown in Figures 11 to 14, the components (pillars 5 including bundled columns 51, beams 6 including joint beams 61, walls 71 with load-bearing structures, etc.) are randomly arranged, assuming that the housing structure 1 has the basic configuration of the present invention described above.

To construct (build) the house structure 1 according to the present invention, the above-mentioned members may be erected by a conventionally known construction method, and there is no particular restriction on the construction method. Here, the house structure 1 according to the present invention can provide a load-bearing structure to provide high strength and high airtightness to the outer periphery 3, but as a guideline, it is preferable to appropriately arrange (dispose) the parts formed by the bundle columns 51, the joint beams 61, and the two walls 71 having the load-bearing structure so that the strength generally required for the house structure 1, for example, the wall volume sufficiency rate against earthquake force and the wall volume sufficiency rate against wind pressure, each exceed 1.0. The wall volume sufficiency rate is defined by the following formula (X) and is set to exceed 1.0.
Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X)

In addition, when constructing (building) the residential structure 1 according to the present invention, it is even more preferable to ensure that the wall volume sufficiency rate for resisting earthquake forces and the wall volume sufficiency rate for resisting wind pressure (the above-mentioned formula (X)) set forth in the Building Standards Act are each 1.5 or more to ensure a highly safe building, and components such as the bundle columns 51, the joint beams 61, and the parts formed by the two walls 71 with load-bearing structure can be appropriately arranged (positioned) to provide such strength, etc.

(IV) Effects of the present invention:
The housing structure 1 according to the present invention is provided with a high-strength bearing structure in the outer periphery 3 by providing a bundled column 51, a joint beam 61, and a portion forming a bearing wall (two walls 71 having a bearing structure) formed of two or more sheets when viewed in the thickness direction. With this structure, the outer periphery 3 of the building, which is prone to deterioration and damage, is made into a so-called (semi-)monocoque structure that forms a strong and integrated outer shell against earthquake forces and wind pressure from the outside, and by forming a lattice-like structural grid inside to ensure strength, it is possible to concentrate the bearing structure in the outer periphery 3. As a result, the housing structure 1 according to the present invention is strong, and can reduce the installation locations of bearing walls, columns 5, beams 6, etc. inside the house, and can increase the freedom and options for using members such as bearing walls, columns 5, beams 6, etc., which can utilize the space with a wide range without restricting the position of the partition wall 7S of the room.

In addition, the housing structure 1 of the present invention has high airtightness because each of the walls 7 formed of two or more sheets arranged on the outer perimeter 3 has a thermal insulation function, and by utilizing the thickness of the insulation material 72, which is twice or more thicker than the insulation performance of a normal housing structure consisting of a single wall 7, it is possible to create a housing structure 1 that can simultaneously achieve multiple performances required for a building, such as high strength, high earthquake resistance, high airtightness, and high insulation, and has performance that meets the standards of the "Ministry Ordinance Prescribing Energy Consumption Performance Standards for Buildings, etc." in a wide range of regions from cold to hot and warm climates, as well as the high insulation standard of HEAT20, which is the higher insulation standard set by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

As described above, the housing structure 1 according to the present invention has a double or multiple structure for the outer periphery 3, and the insulating material 72 is provided on each of the walls 7 to provide thermal insulation, resulting in a housing structure 1 that is excellent in the high strength, airtightness, and high insulation performance required of wooden houses. In particular, by concentrating the load-bearing structure on the outer periphery 3, the number of load-bearing walls, beams 6, columns 5, and other load-bearing members inside the house can be reduced, and by minimizing these as much as possible, a flexible space is possible.

Increasing the freedom to form load-bearing members inside the house in this way increases the freedom to design the interior of the house, making it easier to install members such as partitions and to remove or modify related members during remodeling or renovation, and providing a house structure 1 or structural system that can flexibly respond to changes in the interior and is easy to accommodate Skeleton-Infill (SI).

In addition, the outer perimeter 3 maintains high strength and airtightness, making it possible for the housing structure 1 to meet the earthquake resistance, wind resistance, load resistance, snow load resistance in areas with heavy snowfall, and multi-story buildings such as three stories, all of which are required of wooden houses, making it stronger, more durable, and longer-lasting.

Furthermore, the structural grid of the residential structure 1 is a (semi) monocoque structure in which the load-bearing structure is concentrated on the outer periphery 3, and the interior is formed with a lattice-like structural grid, so that a structural grid consisting of, for example, a 2-bay or 2.5-bay grid can provide a building that is strong and safe.

In terms of thermal insulation performance, making the outer periphery 3 a double or multiple structure means that the insulation material 72 placed on the outer periphery 3 can be multiple (double) layers, which, as mentioned above, can provide excellent thermal insulation performance, resulting in a housing structure 1 that achieves both improved structural strength and improved thermal insulation in an integrated manner.

In particular, compared to the conventional method of applying the insulation material 72 from the outside of the perimeter 3 (external insulation), this method allows for application from inside the house, such as by placing the insulation material 72 on the inner perimeter wall 7N, so that the same insulation material 72 can be used continuously and thickly, and can be applied in one go. In addition, after the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84 is applied to the wall 7 of the perimeter 3, it can be safely applied from the inside (even in rainy weather), and it can also be easily applied directly to the frame such as the sash and the wall 7 of the perimeter 3. Furthermore, by placing the insulation material 72 on the perimeter wall on the inner side of the waterproof line (moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84) of the perimeter wall, it is possible to prevent material deterioration and a decrease in insulation performance due to factors such as moisture absorption and water absorption from outside the house.

(V) Variations of the embodiment:
The above-described aspects show one aspect of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that modifications and improvements that have the configuration of the present invention and can achieve the object and effect are included in the contents of the present invention. Furthermore, the specific structure and shape, etc., when implementing the present invention may be other structures and shapes, etc., as long as the object and effect of the present invention can be achieved. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and improvements that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.

For example, the specific configuration of the outer peripheral wall (wall 7 of outer peripheral portion 3) shown in FIG. 6 etc. is only one example, and the wall 7 arranged in outer peripheral portion 3 can be appropriately changed from the configuration shown in FIG. 6 etc. as long as it has the configuration described above as part of the basic configuration of the present invention.

Figure 15 shows another example of the structure of the outer wall. Note that Figure 15 and the following explanation only refer to the main structural members.

In the example shown in FIG. 15, the outer peripheral wall 7G of the outer peripheral wall (wall 7 of the outer peripheral portion 3) is made of cross-connected diagonal braces 81 and load-bearing surface material 82, and is provided with insulation material 72 in the space formed by the cross-connected diagonal braces 81, for example. The inner peripheral wall 7N is made of cross-connected diagonal braces 81 and load-bearing surface material 82 on the inner side, and is provided with insulation material 72 as an insulation function in the space formed by the cross-connected diagonal braces 81, for example.

Even in the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the external peripheral wall 7G and the internal peripheral wall 7N have load-bearing surface materials 82 and cross-hung braces 81 that form a load-bearing structure, making it possible to provide a high-strength, highly earthquake-resistant housing structure 1. In addition, since the external peripheral wall 7G and the internal peripheral wall 7N are each provided with insulation material 72, the insulation performance is improved compared to a normal housing structure 1.

For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11 etc., the columns 5 in the outer periphery 3 are also bundled with the columns 5 at positions other than those that form the structural grid. However, the present invention is not limited to the configuration in FIG. 11, and it is sufficient to arrange the bundled columns 51 at positions that form the structural grid. For columns 5 arranged at other positions, it is sufficient to select whether or not to apply the bundled columns 51 depending on the required specifications, costs, etc., within the scope of the basic configuration of the present invention described above.

In addition, in the housing structure 1 according to the present invention, the arrangement of the beams 61 and the two walls 71 with a load-bearing structure can be selected, similar to the bundled columns 51 described above, according to the required specifications and costs (including the columns 5 (bundled columns 51) described above, for example, the wall volume sufficiency rate for resisting earthquake forces and the wall volume sufficiency rate for resisting wind pressure as stipulated in the Building Standards Act described above).

In other words, in terms of the concept of a load-bearing wall (wall with load-bearing structure), the wall 7 (periphery wall) constituting the outer periphery 3 in this invention may have a portion that is a two-wall 71 with load-bearing structure for the wall 7 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundling columns 51 in the outer periphery 3 within the scope of the basic configuration of this invention described above. For example, the outer peripheral wall 7G may be left as it is and be a load-bearing structure, while the inner peripheral wall 7N may not be a load-bearing structure, and may have a structure that includes a portion that is a load-bearing wall as a whole. Basically, the beam 6 joined to the bundling column 51 becomes a joint beam 61, and the wall 7 surrounded by the bundling column 51 and the joint beam 61 is considered to be two (or more) walls 7 including a two-wall 71 with load-bearing structure.

As a method for streamlining construction, the objective of the present invention may be achieved by previously attaching diagonal braces 81 to the load-bearing surface material 82 to make a "dimensioned load-bearing panel," or by previously panelizing the load-bearing surface material 82 into "load-bearing surface material panels," which are then installed on the outer peripheral wall 7G and the inner peripheral wall 7N, respectively, to make a strong double load-bearing wall and streamline construction.
In addition, the specific structure and shape when implementing the present invention may be other structures and shapes within the scope of the invention in which the object of the present invention can be achieved.

The present invention can be advantageously used as a housing structure with excellent insulation performance around the perimeter, and has high industrial applicability.

1 Residential structure 2 Wooden frame 21 Floor frame 22 Roof frame 23 Periphery (double) foundation (foundation)
24. Indoor side soffit (soffit)
24D Indoor foundation 25 Main building 26 Ridge beam 27 Roof 28 Foundation 3 Periphery 31 Periphery corner 5 Pillar
51 Binding pillar
5T: rafter 6: beam 61: joint beam 7: wall 7N: interior perimeter wall 7G: exterior perimeter wall 7S: partition wall 71: wall with two or more walls that have a load-bearing structure (two walls with a load-bearing structure)
72 Heat insulation material 81 Brace 82 Strengthening surface material 82a Strengthening surface material 83 Exterior wall material 84 Moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 85 Stud 86 Ventilation layer 87 Vertical furring strip 88 Airtight sheet 89 Wall base (gypsum board) and wallpaper W Wallboard F Floorboard N Sheathing board

In order to solve the above problems, the housing structure according to the present invention comprises:
A residential structure consisting of a wooden frame structure with walls, pillars, and beams,
Among the columns in the outer periphery, columns arranged at positions constituting a structural grid are bundled columns each comprising a plurality of square columns;
The beams arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery include a joint beam,
The wall arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a portion formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure,
Each of said walls has a thermal insulation function;
Only one of the two or more walls arranged on the outside has a load-bearing surface material, or
The two or more walls each have a load-bearing surface material, and the load-bearing surface materials are arranged so that they do not come into contact with each other in the thickness direction via an insulating material .

Claims (5)

A residential structure consisting of a wooden frame structure with walls, pillars, and beams,
Among the columns in the outer periphery, columns arranged at positions constituting a structural grid are bundled columns each comprising a plurality of square columns;
The beams arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery include a joint beam,
The wall arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a portion formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure,
Each of said walls has a thermal insulation function.
A residential structure characterized by: The wall having the load-bearing structure arranged on the outer periphery includes a portion formed of two walls, an inner outer periphery wall and an outer outer periphery wall,
The housing structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the interior perimeter wall and the exterior perimeter wall has a load-bearing structure and a thermal insulation function. The housing structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pillars arranged at the corners of the outer perimeter are bundled pillars consisting of a total of four pillars (two by two). The housing structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bundle columns, the joint beams, and the two or more walls are each arranged in such a way that the wall volume sufficiency rate against earthquake force and the wall volume sufficiency rate against wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume sufficiency rate) specified in the Building Standards Act exceed 1.0, respectively.
Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X) A method for constructing the housing structure according to claim 1 or 2,
A construction method for a residential structure, comprising: arranging the parts of the bundle columns, the joint beams, and the two or more walls each formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure so that the wall volume fulfillment rate against earthquake force and the wall volume fulfillment rate against wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume fulfillment rate) specified in the Building Standards Act each exceed 1.0.
Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X)

Images