JP2023116171A - Vehicles, servers and energy regulation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

To protect a power system while contributing to energy regulation when a vehicle can participate in the energy regulation.SOLUTION: A vehicle 10 comprises: a power storage device; and a control device. The control device controls a power stand 20 constituted to discharge power of the power storage device to a power system PG. A required discharge amount is a power amount which is required to be discharged in an energy regulation period. Upper limit voltage is voltage by which discharge power amount is restricted when system voltage as voltage of the power system exceeds. The control device calculates first predicted voltage as predicted voltage of the system voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged in the energy regulation period according to the required discharge amount. Then, the control device sets a setting value of the discharge power amount to be output in the energy regulation period lower than the required discharge amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage in the energy regulation period becomes second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to vehicles, servers and energy regulation systems.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2020-156149 (Patent Document 1) discloses a control device. This control device controls electric power equipment to be operated in a VPP (Virtual Power Plant) system.

JP 2020-156149 A

Energy adjustment in the power system (for example, demand response (DR) for adjusting the power supply and demand balance in VPP) is being studied. Power resources preferably participate in such energy coordination.

When a vehicle equipped with a power storage device is used as an electric power resource, electric power stored in the power storage device of the vehicle may be discharged to the power system through the discharge device. In this case, if the discharge is performed excessively, the voltage of the power system (system voltage) may rise excessively and the power system may become unstable. Therefore, when the system voltage rises excessively, the discharge device generally operates to limit the amount of discharged power to protect the power system. When the discharge power amount is limited as described above during the period in which energy adjustment is performed (energy adjustment period), the required discharge amount required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is transmitted from the discharge device to the power system. may not be supplied. Such a situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of energy adjustment.

The present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and the object thereof is to provide a vehicle, a server, and a system for protecting an electric power system while contributing to energy coordination when the vehicle can participate in energy coordination. It is to provide an energy regulation system.

A vehicle of the present disclosure is a vehicle that can participate in energy regulation in a power system. The vehicle includes a power storage device and a control device. The control device controls a discharging device that is connected to the power grid and configured to discharge the power of the power storage device to the power grid. The energy adjustment period is the period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The discharged power amount is the amount of power discharged from the discharge device. The requested discharge amount is the amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the discharge power amount is limited in order to protect the power system when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, exceeds the voltage. The control device calculates a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount. Then, during the energy adjustment period, the controller controls the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period to be a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage. Set the set value of the amount of discharge power to be output to a lower value than the required amount of discharge.

With the above configuration, the system voltage is prevented from exceeding the upper limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. This prevents the amount of power discharged from the discharge device to the power system from being restricted during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to protect the power system while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the control device may create a model showing the relationship between the discharge power amount and the predicted voltage of the system voltage. Then, the control device may use the model to calculate the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount, and may output the set value according to the second predicted voltage using the model.

With the above configuration, the first predicted voltage can be calculated with high accuracy. Furthermore, the set value of the amount of discharge power output during the energy adjustment period can be made appropriate.

The discharge device may further be configured to charge the power storage device using power from the power system. The charged power amount is the amount of power supplied from the power system to the power storage device through the discharge device. The required charge amount is the amount of electric power required to be supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period. The lower limit voltage is a voltage at which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls below. The control device may calculate a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount. Then, during the energy adjustment period, the control device adjusts the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period to a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage when the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage. The set value of the charging power amount to be output may be set lower than the required charging amount.

With the above configuration, the system voltage is prevented from falling below the lower limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. This prevents the amount of power charged from the power system to the power storage device from being limited during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to contribute to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

A vehicle of the present disclosure is a vehicle that can participate in energy regulation in a power system. The vehicle includes a power storage device and a control device. The control device controls a discharging device that is connected to the power grid and configured to discharge the power of the power storage device to the power grid. The energy adjustment period is the period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The discharged power amount is the amount of power discharged from the discharge device. The requested discharge amount is the amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the discharge power amount is limited in order to protect the power system when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, exceeds the voltage. The control device calculates the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount when the detected value of the system voltage rises to a threshold voltage lower than the upper limit voltage or higher during the energy adjustment period. The first predicted voltage is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period. The control device further sets the set value of the amount of discharge power to be output after the detected value rises to the threshold voltage or more when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage to be lower than the required amount of discharge. Execute the process. The setting process is to output a set value so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage after the detected value rises to the threshold voltage or higher becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage.

With the above configuration, the first predicted voltage is not calculated until the detected value of the system voltage rises above the threshold voltage. This makes it possible to reduce the processing load of the processing device associated with the calculation of the first predicted voltage. This avoids the situation in which the predicted voltage of the system voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage after the detected value rises above the threshold voltage. This prevents the amount of power discharged from the discharge device to the power system from being restricted during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to protect the power system while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

A server of the present disclosure is a server that manages vehicles that can participate in energy coordination in the power system. The vehicle includes a power storage device. The server includes a storage device and a processing device. The processing device executes programs stored in the storage device. The energy adjustment period is the period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The amount of discharged power is the amount of power discharged from a discharge device connected to the power system and configured to discharge the power of the power storage device to the power system. The requested discharge amount is the amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the discharge power amount is limited in order to protect the power system when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, exceeds the voltage. The processing device calculates a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount. Then, during the energy adjustment period, the processing device sets the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period to a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage. Set the discharge power amount setting value lower than the required discharge amount.

Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the processing device uses a model showing the relationship between the amount of discharge power and the predicted voltage of the system voltage to calculate the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount, and uses the model to calculate the first predicted voltage. 2, the set value may be output according to the predicted voltage.

The discharge device may further be configured to charge the power storage device using power from the power system. The charged power amount is the amount of power supplied from the power system to the power storage device through the discharge device. The required charge amount is the amount of electric power required to be supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period. The lower limit voltage is a voltage at which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls below. The processing device may calculate a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount. Then, when the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, the processing device during the energy adjustment period causes the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period to become a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage. The set value of the charge power amount may be set lower than the required charge amount.

A server of the present disclosure is a server that manages multiple vehicles that can participate in energy coordination in a power system. A first vehicle among the plurality of vehicles includes a first power storage device. A second vehicle among the plurality of vehicles includes a second power storage device. The server includes a storage device and a processing device. The processing device executes programs stored in the storage device. The energy adjustment period is the period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The amount of discharged power is the amount of power discharged from a discharge device connected to the power system and configured to discharge the power of the first power storage device to the power system. The charged power amount is the amount of power supplied from the power system to the second power storage device through a charging device that is connected to the power system and configured to charge the second power storage device with power from the power system. The requested discharge amount is the amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the discharge power amount is limited in order to protect the power system when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, exceeds the voltage. The processing device calculates a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount. Then, when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the processing device requests the second vehicle to charge the second power storage device using the charging device during the energy adjustment period. The set value of the charge power amount during the energy adjustment period is output so that the predicted voltage of the medium system voltage becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage.

With the above configuration, the requested discharge amount can be discharged from the first power storage device to the power system while preventing the system voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to prevent the amount of electric power discharged from the discharge device to the electric power system from being limited while achieving the amount of discharge requested by the first vehicle during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to protect the power system while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

The requested charge amount is the amount of electric power that is requested to be supplied from the power system to the second power storage device through the charging device during the energy adjustment period. The lower limit voltage is a voltage at which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls below. The processing device may calculate a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system to the second power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount. Then, when the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, the processing device requests the first vehicle to discharge the first power storage device to the electric power system during the energy adjustment period by using the discharge device. The set value of the discharge power amount during the energy adjustment period may be output such that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage.

With the above configuration, it is possible to supply the required amount of charge from the power system to the second power storage device while preventing the system voltage from falling below the lower limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to prevent the amount of electric power charged from the electric power system to the second power storage device from being limited while achieving the required amount of charge for the second vehicle during the energy adjustment period.

An energy adjustment system of the present disclosure includes a vehicle that can participate in energy adjustment in a power system, and the server described above.

Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present disclosure, when vehicles can participate in energy coordination, the power system can be protected while contributing to energy coordination.

1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power adjustment system according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure; FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing detailed configurations of a vehicle and a server; FIG. FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing an example of processing executed when a vehicle participates in DR; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the temporal transition of the required discharge amount of the power station during the DR period; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the amount of discharged power when the amount of discharged power at a power station is limited during the DR period; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a voltage fluctuation model for predicting how the predicted value of the system voltage will fluctuate depending on the output power amount of the power station; 4 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by an ECU to create a voltage variation model; 4 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by an ECU to adjust the power supply balance in Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a temporal transition of a set value of a discharge power amount set by an ECU in Embodiment 1; FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporal transition of the charge power amount PCA when the charge power amount of the power storage device is limited during the DR period; FIG. 10 is a diagram for specifically explaining a method of setting a set value of charging power amount in Modification 1 of Embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by an ECU for adjusting the power supply balance in Modification 1 of Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing temporal transition of a set value of charging power amount set by an ECU in Modification 1 of Embodiment 1; FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method for an ECU to output a set value in Modification 2 of Embodiment 1; FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a temporal transition of a set value of discharge power set by an ECU according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1; 7 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by an ECU for adjusting the power supply balance in Modification 2 of Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by a server according to Embodiment 2; FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by a server to adjust the power supply balance in the modified example of the second embodiment; 10 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by a server according to Embodiment 3; FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by a server according to a modification of the third embodiment; FIG.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated. A case in which energy adjustment in the power system is performed by DR will be mainly described below.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power adjustment system according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1, power regulation system 1 includes power transmission and distribution equipment 5, power plant 7, server 300, server 200, and power system PG (power network). The power regulation system 1 further includes multiple vehicles 10 and multiple power stations 20 .

The power transmission and distribution facility 5 includes transmission lines, substations and distribution lines. Power transmission and distribution equipment 5 supplies power to power system PG by transmitting and distributing power supplied from power plant 7 . The power transmission and distribution facility 5 and the power plant 7 are maintained and managed by the power company.

The server 300 belongs to an electric power company and manages supply and demand of the electric power system PG. A detailed configuration of the server 300 will be described in detail later.

Server 200 belongs to an aggregator. An aggregator is an electric power company that bundles a plurality of power resources (in this example, a plurality of vehicles 10) in the power system PG and provides an energy management service to the power company. The aggregator can be rewarded by the power company for successfully balancing power supply and demand in the grid PG.

Server 200 is configured to receive the adjustment request signal S0 from server 300 . The adjustment request signal S0 is transmitted by the server 300 to request the aggregator to adjust the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG. Adjustment request signal S0 includes information indicating the amount of electric power that is required to be adjusted (more specifically, supplied or consumed) in total in power system PG. This power amount is also expressed as a total adjusted power amount TAP. Adjustment request signal S0 further includes information indicating a period during which adjustment of the power supply-demand balance is requested (corresponding to a period during which DR is performed). Hereinafter, the period during which DR is performed is also referred to as "DR period".

The server 200 manages the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG in response to receiving the adjustment request signal S0. Specifically, server 200 is configured to manage multiple vehicles 10 (vehicles 10A, 10B, and 10C in this example), and transmits DR request signal S1 to each of multiple vehicles 10 . The DR request signal S1 is a signal for requesting each of the plurality of vehicles 10 to participate in DR.

Each of the plurality of vehicles 10 is an electric vehicle including a power storage device 11, such as an electric vehicle (BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle). Power storage devices 11 of vehicles 10A, 10B, and 10C are also represented as power storage devices 11A, 11B, and 11C, respectively. Each vehicle 10 is configured to be capable of external charging. The external charging is to receive electric power supplied from the electric power system PG outside the vehicle 10 through the power stand 20 to charge the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 . When vehicle 10 performs external charging, power is supplied to vehicle 10 from power system PG. As a result, the power load (power consumption) in the power system PG increases.

Vehicle 10 is also configured to enable external discharge. External discharge is to discharge the power stored in the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 to the power system PG through the power stand 20 . When vehicle 10 performs external discharge, electric power is supplied from vehicle 10 to power system PG. As a result, power supply in the power system PG increases. In this way, each vehicle 10 can participate in DR (contribute to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance) by performing external charging or external discharging.

Vehicle 10 is configured to receive DR request signal S1 from server 200 . When the vehicle 10 receives the DR request signal S1, the vehicle 10 uses an HMI (Human Machine Interface) device to inquire of the user of the vehicle 10 whether or not to approve participation in DR. When the user approves the vehicle 10 to participate in DR, the vehicle 10 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200 . Approval signal S11 is a signal for notifying server 200 that vehicle 10 will participate in DR.

Each of the plurality of power stations 20 is configured to connect to the vehicle 10 through a power cable. Power stations 20 connected to vehicles 10A, 10B, and 10C are also represented as power stations 20A, 20B, and 20C, respectively. Each of the plurality of power stations 20 is also configured to connect to the power grid PG. Power stand 20 includes a voltage sensor (not shown). This voltage sensor detects the voltage of the power system PG (also referred to as "system voltage"). In this example, the system voltage corresponds to the voltage of the power line 35 of the power system PG.

Power station 20 further includes a communication device (not shown). The communication device is configured to communicate with the vehicle 10 while the power station 20 is connected with the vehicle 10 through the power cable. This communication is, for example, CAN (Controller Area Network) communication and/or PLC (Power Line Communication). The detected value of the voltage sensor is transmitted from power station 20 to vehicle 10 through this communication. The communication device may be configured to communicate with server 200 by wire or wirelessly. In this case, the communication device may transmit the detection value of the voltage sensor to server 200 .

The power station 20 is configured to discharge the power stored in the power storage device 11 to the power system PG. The power stand 20 is an example of the "discharge device" of the present disclosure. Power station 20 is also configured to charge power storage device 11 of vehicle 10 using power supplied from power system PG. Therefore, the power stand 20 is also an example of the "charging device" of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing detailed configurations of vehicle 10 and servers 200 and 300. As shown in FIG. In the following description, FIG. 1 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 2 , vehicle 10 includes a communication device 13 , an inlet 16 , an HMI device 17 and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 18 in addition to power storage device 11 .

The power storage device 11 stores electric power for running. The power storage device 11 is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery in this example, but may be an electric double layer capacitor.

The communication device 13 is configured to communicate with equipment outside the vehicle 10 (for example, the server 200). Specifically, the communication device 13 receives a DR request signal S1 from the server 200 and transmits an acknowledgment signal S11 to the server 200 .

When the vehicle 10 is requested to participate in DR, the HMI device 17 inquires of the user of the vehicle 10 whether or not to approve participation in DR. Inquiries are made by screen display or voice. The HMI device 17 outputs a signal indicating the inquiry result to the ECU 18 .

The ECU 18 controls various devices of the vehicle 10 such as the communication device 13 and the HMI device 17 .

The ECU 18 is configured to output the following set values SV1 and SV2. ECU 18 then controls power station 20 by outputting set values SV1 and SV2 to power station 20 through CAN communication and/or PLC.

The set value SV1 is, for example, the set value of the output power amount of the power station 20 . The output power amount of the power station 20 is the discharged power amount or the charged power amount. The discharged power amount is the amount of power discharged from the power stand 20 to the power system PG. The charging power amount is the power amount supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 through the power stand 20 .

The set value SV2 is the set value of the output power of the power station 20 . Output power is discharge power or charge power. The discharged power is power discharged from the power stand 20 to the power system PG. The charging power is power supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 through the power station 20 . The set values SV1 and SV2 are related. For example, when the set value SV2 is constant, the set value SV1 is the product of the set value SV2 and the length of the period during which the set value SV2 is output.

In this Embodiment 1, a case will be mainly described where the output power and the output power amount of power station 20 are discharge power and discharge power amount, respectively.

The power stand 20 has a function of protecting the power system PG. For example, when the system voltage detected by the voltage sensor described above exceeds the upper limit voltage, the power station 20 is configured to limit its discharge power amount (discharge power). When the discharge power amount (discharge power) is limited in this way, excessive discharge from the power stand 20 to the power system PG is prevented. As a result, the system voltage is prevented from rising excessively, and the power system PG is protected. The upper limit voltage is appropriately determined in advance by experiments as a voltage at which the power system PG is protected if the system voltage is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage.

Alternatively, when the system voltage falls below the lower limit voltage, the power station 20 is configured to limit the charging power amount (charge power) supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power station 20 . When the charging power amount (charging power) is limited in this way, an excessive decrease in the power supply in the power system PG is prevented. As a result, the system voltage is prevented from dropping excessively, and the power system PG is protected. The lower limit voltage is appropriately determined in advance by experiments as a voltage at which the power system PG is protected when the system voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage.

The mobile terminal 12 is operated by the user of the vehicle 10 . The mobile terminal 12 may be configured to communicate with the server 200 . The mobile terminal 12 may, for example, receive the DR request signal S1 from the server 200, or inquire of the user whether or not to approve the participation of the vehicle 10 in DR. Then, when the participation in DR by the vehicle 10 is approved, the mobile terminal 12 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200 .

The power company server 300 includes a communication device 303 , a storage device 302 and a processing device 301 . Communication device 303 is configured to communicate with server 200 . The storage device 302 is a memory that stores programs executed by the processing device 301 . The processing device 301 includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor executes various kinds of arithmetic processing.

Aggregator server 200 includes communication device 203 , storage device 202 and processing device 201 .

The communication device 203 is configured to communicate with devices external to the server 200 (eg, the server 300, the power station 20 and the vehicle 10).

The storage device 202 includes ROM (Read Only Memory) and RAM (Random Access Memory) (both not shown). The ROM stores programs executed by the processing device 201 . RAM functions as a working memory.

The processing device 201 includes a processor such as a CPU. The processor executes various kinds of arithmetic processing.

When server 200 receives approval signal S11, a contract is established between the user of vehicle 10 and the aggregator. This contract includes information indicating the start time and end time of the DR period, and the requested discharge amount RDA or requested charge amount RCA requested of the vehicle 10 by the aggregator. The requested discharge amount RDA is the amount of electric power that is requested to be discharged from the power station 20 connected to the vehicle 10 to the power system PG during the DR period. The requested charge amount RCA is the amount of electric power that is requested to be supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 during the DR period. Contract information indicating the content of the above contract is included in DR request signal S1 and approval signal S11. The contract information is stored in the memory built into the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 and the storage device 202 of the server 200 .

Server 200 , upon receiving approval signal S<b>11 from each vehicle 10 , transmits signal S<b>15 to server 300 . Signal S15 contains information indicating that the aggregator is capable of achieving the total adjusted power amount TAP requested by the utility company.

FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing an example of processing executed when the vehicle 10 participates in DR.

Referring to FIG. 3, at time t1, aggregator server 200 receives adjustment request signal S0 from power company server 300 through communication device 203. In FIG. In this example, the server 200 requests each vehicle 10 to discharge to the power system PG (external discharge of the vehicle 10). Server 200 calculates the required discharge amount RDA for each power station 20 (for each vehicle 10 connected to that power station 20) according to the total adjustment power amount TAP included in adjustment request signal S0 (period P1). For the sake of simplicity of explanation, it is assumed that the required discharge amount RDA of each power station 20 (of each vehicle 10) is equal.

At time t2, server 200 transmits DR request signal S1 to each vehicle 10 . When the vehicle 10 receives the DR request signal S1 through the communication device 13, the vehicle 10 uses the HMI device 17 to inquire of the user whether or not to approve participation in DR (period P2). In this example, the user approves the vehicle 10's participation in the DR.

At time t3, vehicle 10 transmits acknowledgment signal S11 to server 200, and server 200 receives acknowledgment signal S11. Thereby, a contract between the aggregator and the user of the vehicle 10 is established. After that, the server 200 transmits a signal S15 to the server 300 of the electric power company. When period P3 ends, DR is performed during period P4 from time t4 to time t5.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the temporal transition of the required discharge amount RDA of the power station 20 during the DR period. Referring to FIG. 4, period P4 is defined as a unit period of the DR period (also referred to as “unit DR period”), period P4a (time t4 to time ta), period P4b (time ta to time tb), period P4c (time tb to time t5). Each time interval TI of these unit DR periods is, for example, 30 minutes.

A line 605 indicates the temporal transition of the required value of the discharge power PD. In this example, the required value of the discharge power PD differs for each unit DR period.

For example, during the period P4a, the requested value of the discharge power PD is the requested value RD1. The required discharge amount RDA during the period P4a is the required discharge amount RDA4a (=required value RD1×time interval TI).

During the period P4b, the requested value of the discharge power PD is the requested value RD2. The required discharge amount RDA during the period P4b is the required discharge amount RDA4b (=required value RD2×time interval TI).

During the period P4c, the requested value of the discharge power PD is the requested value RD3. The required discharge amount RDA during the period P4c is the required discharge amount RDA4c (=required value RD3×time interval TI).

The total discharge power amount required to be discharged from the power station 20 to the power system PG during the period P4, which is the DR period, is the sum of the requested discharge amounts RDA4a, RDA4b, and RDA4c.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the amount of discharged power when the amount of discharged power at the power stand 20 is limited during the DR period. This example is a comparative example in which the ECU 18 does not execute a process described later. In the following description, FIG. 4 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 5, line 610 shows the temporal transition of discharge power PD when discharge power PD is limited.

During the period P4a, the discharge power PD of the required value RD1 continues to be discharged from the power stand 20 to the power system PG. In this example, the system voltage during period P4a until time ta arrives is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage. Therefore, the discharged power amount PDA of the power station 20 during the period P4a is not limited. As a result, the discharged power amount PDA during the period P4a is the discharged power amount PDA4a equal to the requested discharge amount RDA4a (PDA4a=RDA4a). In this example, it is assumed that the system voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage immediately after the time ta arrives.

Therefore, during the period P4b after the time ta, the discharge power PD of the power station 20 is limited to the discharge power PD4, which is much less than the required value RD2, due to the protection function of the power system PG by the power station 20. (PD4<<RD2). As a result, the discharge power amount PDA during the period P4b is limited to a discharge power amount PDA4b that is much smaller than the required discharge amount RDA4b (PDA4b<<RDA4b).

In this example, even during period P4c after period P4b, the discharge power PD is limited to discharge power PD4, which is much lower than the required value RD3, due to the function of protecting the power system PG by the power station 20. remains (PD4<<RD3). As a result, as in period P4b, the discharge power amount PDA during period P4c remains limited to a discharge power amount PDA4c that is much less than the required discharge amount RDA4c (PDA4c<<RDA4c).

Thus, in the comparative example, the discharge power amount PDA (discharge power PD) may be restricted during the DR period. As a result, there is a possibility that the discharge power amount PDA supplied from the power stand 20 to the power system PG during the DR period will be much smaller than the requested discharge amount RDA. Such a situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of adjusting the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG.

Vehicle 10 according to the first embodiment has a configuration for coping with such problems. Specifically, the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 calculates the predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount RDA is discharged from the power station 20 to the power system PG during the DR period (for example, period P4a) according to the requested discharge amount RDA. calculate. This predicted voltage is also referred to as "first predicted voltage". Then, when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the DR period as follows. That is, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA output during the DR period to be higher than the required discharge amount RDA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes the second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage. set low. The calculation process and setting process described above are executed during the period P3 (FIG. 3).

When the set value SV1 is set as described above, the system voltage is prevented from exceeding the upper limit voltage during the DR period. This prevents the amount of power PDA discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG from being restricted during the DR period. As a result, it is possible to protect the power system PG while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a voltage fluctuation model for predicting how the predicted value of the system voltage will fluctuate depending on the amount of power output from the power station 20. As shown in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the set value SV1 of the output power amount of power station 20 over a predetermined period. The negative output power amount represents the discharge power amount when the vehicle 10 is externally discharged (ranges R1 and R2). On the other hand, the positive output power amount represents the charge power amount when external charging of vehicle 10 is performed (ranges R3 and R4).

The vertical axis represents system voltage. The voltage VN is the current system voltage when the output power amount of the power station 20 is zero. The voltage VN is obtained by the ECU 18 according to the detected value of the voltage sensor of the power station 20 . In this example, voltage VN is lower than upper limit voltage UL and higher than lower limit voltage LM.

Before the DR period arrives, the ECU 18 sequentially changes the set value SV1 of the output power amount (discharged power amount or charged power amount) of the power station 20 over a predetermined period to a value different from zero. The ECU 18 adjusts the set value SV1 every predetermined time so that the set value SV1 becomes -a1, -a2, -a3, ... (omitted), +a3, +a2, +a1 (a1>a2>a3>0), for example. change.

Then, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 of power from the power stand 20 for a predetermined period of time (that is, when the set value SV1 of power is discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG, or when the set A detected value of the system voltage is obtained from the power stand 20 at predetermined time intervals when the power amount of value SV1 is supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20). The ECU 18 performs sampling of combinations (coordinates of a plurality of points P) of the set value SV1 and the detected value of the system voltage according to this acquisition result. The ECU 18 repeats sampling until the number of points P reaches a predetermined number (eg, 100). Sampling is completed when the number of points P reaches a predetermined number. The ECU 18 stores the sampling results in its internal memory.

The ECU 18 uses the coordinates of a plurality of points P to create a relationship between the output power amount of the power station 20 and the predicted voltage of the system voltage. In this example, the ECU 18 creates the aforementioned voltage variation model by calculating a linear approximation representing this relationship by the least squares method (line 700).

The ECU 18 uses the model of the line 700 to calculate the first predicted voltage according to the required output power amount. In this example, the requested value of the output power amount is the requested power amount RA1 as the requested discharge amount RDA, so the ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage PV1 according to the requested power amount RA1. The first predicted voltage PV1 thus calculated exceeds the upper limit voltage UL (it is higher than the upper limit voltage UL by the difference ΔV1).

According to the calculation result of the first predicted voltage PV1, the ECU 18 determines the discharge power amount of the power stand 20 when the power stand 20 discharges the requested power amount RA1 (required discharge amount RDA) to the power system PG during the target unit DR period. Predict that the PDA will be restricted (periods P4b and P4c in FIG. 5).

Based on this prediction result, the ECU 18 outputs a set value SV1 for the discharge power amount PDA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period is lower than the upper limit voltage UL. In this example, the ECU 18 uses the model of the line 700 to output the set value SV1A as the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA according to the second predicted voltage PV2 (<UL).

The second predicted voltage PV<b>2 is, for example, a value appropriately predetermined as a voltage lower than the upper limit voltage UL by a predetermined value, and is stored in the memory of the ECU 18 .

The set value SV1A is a value within the range R2 between 0 and the threshold value THV1. The threshold THV1 is calculated according to the upper limit voltage UL using the line 700 model.

Thus, the ECU 18 uses a voltage variation model, such as the model of line 700, to predict the system voltage. Accordingly, the first predicted voltage PV1 can be calculated with high accuracy. Furthermore, the set value SV1 (SV1A) of the discharge power amount PDA output during the DR period can be made appropriate.

In the above description, when vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharge, set value SV1 is output as a value within range R2. On the other hand, when vehicle 10 participates in DR by executing external charging, that is, when power is supplied from power system PG to power storage device 11 through power station 20, set value SV1 is within range R3. It is output as a value (details will be described later).

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by the ECU 18 to create a voltage variation model. This flowchart shows in detail the process of step S105 (described later) in FIG. 8 that is executed before the arrival of the DR period. It is assumed that the set value SV1 of the output power amount of the power station 20 is 0 at the start of this flowchart. In the following description, FIG. 6 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 7, the ECU 18 changes the set value SV1 of the output power amount of the power station 20 from the current set value (eg 0) (eg to a1, a2 or a3) (step S1052).

Next, the ECU 18 acquires the detected value of the system voltage when the power station 20 outputs the output electric energy of the set value SV1 after the change for a predetermined period of time (step S1054).

Next, the ECU 18 stores the combination of the set value SV1 and the detected value of the system voltage in the built-in memory as the coordinates of the point P (FIG. 6) (step S1055).

Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the sampling required for creating the voltage variation model has been completed (step S1056). In this example, it is determined whether or not the number of points P acquired in sampling has reached a predetermined number. If sampling has not been completed (NO in step S1056), ECU 18 returns the process to step S1052. On the other hand, if sampling has been completed (YES in step S1056), ECU 18 proceeds to step S1058.

Next, the ECU 18 creates a voltage fluctuation model representing the relationship between the output power amount of the power station 20 and the system voltage (step S1058). The output power amount is the discharge power amount in this example, but may be the charge power amount. The voltage variation model is, for example, the model of line 700 . After step S1058, the process of creating the voltage variation model ends.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by the ECU 18 to adjust the power supply balance in the first embodiment. The processing of this flowchart is started when the ECU 18 transmits an acknowledgment signal S11 to the server 200 in response to reception of the DR request signal S1. The processing of this flowchart is performed when vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharge. In the following description, FIG. 6 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 8, ECU 18 creates a model for predicting the system voltage (step S105). More specifically, the ECU 18 executes the processes of steps S1052 to S1058 in FIG.

Next, the ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the requested discharge amount RDA included in the DR request signal S1 (step S110). More specifically, the ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage using the model of the line 700 for each unit DR period that constitutes the target DR period.

Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL for the unit DR period to be processed (step S115). If the first predicted voltage is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage UL (NO in step S115), the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the unit DR period to the required discharge amount RDA (step S125), and The process proceeds to S127.

On the other hand, if the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL (YES in step S115), for example, if the first predicted voltage is the first predicted voltage PV1 (FIG. 6), the ECU 18 The set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the DR period is set to the set value SV1A (FIG. 6) using the model of the line 700 (step S120).

Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not there is still another unit DR period to be processed (step S127). If there is still another unit DR period to be processed (YES in step S127), ECU 18 returns the process to step S115 to output set value SV1 for that unit DR period. On the other hand, if there is no other unit DR period to be processed (NO in step S127), ECU 18 advances the process to step S130.

Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the DR period has arrived (step S130). If the DR period has not arrived (NO in step S130), ECU 18 executes this determination process until the DR period arrives. On the other hand, when the DR period has arrived (YES in step S130), ECU 18 advances the process to step S135.

Next, the ECU 18 participates in DR by outputting the set value SV1 of the discharged power amount PDA to the power station 20 for each unit DR period (step S135). This set value SV1 differs depending on whether step S120 or S125 is executed for the unit DR period. After the process of step S135, the series of processes in FIG. 8 ends.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a temporal transition of the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA set by the ECU 18 in the first embodiment. 4 and 5 will be referred to as needed in the following description.

Referring to FIG. 9, line 615 indicates the temporal transition of set value SV2 of discharge power PD set by ECU 18 in the first embodiment. This transition is determined by the ECU 18 before the DR period arrives (during period P3 in FIG. 3) (steps S120 to S130 in FIG. 8).

If the discharge power PD of the required value RD1 continues to be discharged from the power station 20 to the power system PG during the period P4a as in the comparative example (FIG. 5), the system voltage will drop below the upper limit voltage UL immediately after the time ta arrives. expected to exceed.

Therefore, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD during the period P4a as a set value SV2A that is less than the required value RD1. Then, the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the period P4a is output as the set value SV14a that is less than the required discharge amount RDA4a. When the set value SV1 of the discharged power amount PDA is output in this way, the discharged power amount PDA to the power system PG during the period P4a is smaller than in the case of the comparative example. As a result, the system voltage is prevented from exceeding the upper limit voltage UL immediately after the arrival of time ta.

Similarly, the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD during the period P4b is output as a set value SV2B that is less than the required value RD2 (SV2B<RD2). The set value SV1 of the discharged power amount PDA during the period P4b is also output as a set value SV14b that is less than the discharged power amount PDA4b (FIG. 5). In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the system voltage is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage UL during the period P4b. Therefore, the situation in which discharge power PD and discharge power amount PDA are limited as in the case of the comparative example is prevented.

In this example, the set value SV1 (SV14c) of the discharge power amount PDA during the period P4c is output so as to be equal to the required discharge amount RDA4c. Discharge power PD and discharge power amount PDA are not limited even during period P4c.

In Embodiment 1, the total discharged power amount discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG during the period P4, which is the DR period, is the sum of the set values SV14a, SV14b, and SV14c. This total discharged power amount is greater than the total discharged power amount (the sum of the discharged power amounts PDA4a, PDA4b, and PDA4c) in the case of the comparative example (FIG. 5), and the required total discharged power amount (required in FIG. 4) (total of discharge amounts RDA4a, RDA4b, RDA4c). Therefore, in the embodiment, although the vehicle 10 cannot completely achieve the required total discharge power amount, it can contribute more to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG than in the comparative example. . Furthermore, since the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA (the set value SV2 of the discharge power) is output so that the system voltage does not exceed the upper limit voltage UL, it is possible to prevent the power system PG from becoming unstable. .
[Modification 1 of Embodiment 1]
In Embodiment 1, the case where the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA in order to prevent the system voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage has been mainly described.

In Modification 1, a case will be described in detail where ECU 18 outputs set value SV1 for the charging power amount of power storage device 11 during the DR period in order to prevent the system voltage from falling below lower limit voltage LM.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the temporal transition of the charged power amount PCA when the charged power amount PCA of the power storage device 11 during the DR period is limited. This example is a comparative example in which the ECU 18 does not execute a process described later.

Referring to FIG. 10, line 705 indicates temporal transition of the required value of charging power PC. Line 710 shows the evolution of charging power PC over time when charging power PC is limited.

During the period P4a, the charging power PC of the requested value RC1 continues to be supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20. FIG. In this example, the system voltage during the period P4a until time ta arrives is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM. Therefore, the charging power amount PCA from the power stand 20 to the power storage device 11 is not limited during the period P4a. As a result, the charge power amount PCA during the period P4a is the charge power amount PCA4a equal to the requested charge amount. In this example, it is assumed that the system voltage falls below the lower limit voltage LM immediately after the time ta arrives.

Therefore, during the period P4b after time ta, due to the protection function of the power system PG by the power station 20, the charging power PC of the power station 20 is limited to the charging power PC4 which is much less than the requested value RC2. (PC4<<RC2). As a result, the charge power amount PCA during the period P4b is limited to the charge power amount PCA4b, which is much smaller than the requested charge amount.

In this example, the charging power PC remains limited to the charging power PC4, which is much smaller than the requested value RC3, even during the period P4c after the period P4b (PC4<<RC3). As a result, as in the case of period P4b, the charge power amount PCA during period P4c remains limited to the charge power amount PCA4c, which is much less than the requested charge amount.

Thus, in the comparative example, there is a possibility that the charging power amount PCA supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power station 20 during the DR period will be much smaller than the required charging amount. Such a situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of adjusting the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG.

Vehicle 10 according to Modification 1 has a configuration for coping with such a problem. Specifically, the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 determines the predicted voltage of the system voltage when the required charge amount is supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 during the DR period (for example, the period P4a). Calculate according to quantity. This predicted voltage is also referred to as a "third predicted voltage". Then, when the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage LM, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA during the DR period as follows. That is, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA to be output during the DR period from the required charge amount RCA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage LM. set lower as well. The calculation process and setting process described above are executed during the period P3 (FIG. 3).

With such a configuration, the system voltage is prevented from falling below the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period. This prevents the charging power amount PCA supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 from being limited during the DR period.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for specifically explaining a method of setting the set value SV1 of the charging power amount PCA in the first modification. Referring to FIG. 11, line 700 is the same as described in FIG.

Using the model of line 700, the ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage according to the required value of the charge power amount (positive output power amount). In this example, the requested value of the charge power amount is the requested power amount RA2 as the requested charge amount RCA, so the ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage PV3 according to the requested power amount RA2. The third predicted voltage PV3 calculated in this manner is lower than the lower limit voltage LM (lower than the lower limit voltage LM by the difference ΔV2).

According to the calculation result of the third predicted voltage PV3, the ECU 18 causes the power stand 20 to charge the power storage device 11 with the requested power amount RA2 (required charge amount RCA) from the power system PG through the power stand 20 during the target unit DR period. is predicted to be limited (periods P4b and P4c in FIG. 10).

Based on this prediction result, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 of the charging power amount PCA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period is higher than the lower limit voltage LM. In this example, the ECU 18 uses the model of the line 700 to output the set value SV1B as the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA according to the fourth predicted voltage PV4 (>LM).

The fourth predicted voltage PV4 is, for example, a value that is appropriately predetermined as a voltage that is higher than the lower limit voltage LM by a predetermined value, and is stored in the memory of the ECU 18 .

The set value SV1B is a value within the range R3. A range R3 is a range between the output power amount 0 and the threshold value THV2. Threshold THV2 is calculated according to the lower limit voltage LM using the line 700 model.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by the ECU 18 to adjust the power supply balance in Modification 1. As shown in FIG. The processing of this flowchart is started when the ECU 18 transmits an acknowledgment signal S11 to the server 200 in response to reception of the DR request signal S1. The processing of this flowchart is performed when vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external charging. In the following description, FIG. 11 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 12, the processes of steps S205, S227 and S230 are the same as the processes of steps S105, S127 and S130 (FIG. 8), respectively.

In step S210, the ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the requested charge amount RCA included in the DR request signal S1. More specifically, the ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage using the model of the line 700 for each unit DR period making up the target DR period.

Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage LM for the unit DR period to be processed (step S215). When the third predicted voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM (NO in step S215), ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of charge power amount PCA during the unit DR period to requested charge amount RCA (step S225). On the other hand, when the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage LM (YES in step S215), the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA during the unit DR period to the set value using the model of line 700. SV1B (FIG. 6) is set (step S220).

In step S235 after steps S227 and S230, the ECU 18 participates in DR by outputting the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA to the power station 20 for each unit DR period (step S235). This set value SV1 differs depending on whether the process of step S220 or S225 is performed for that unit DR period. After the processing of step S235, the series of processing in FIG. 12 ends.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the temporal transition of the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA set by the ECU 18 in this modified example 1. As shown in FIG. In the following description, FIG. 10 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 13, line 715 indicates the temporal transition of set value SV2 of charging power PC set by ECU 18 in the first modification. This transition is predicted by the ECU 18 before the arrival of the DR period (during period P3 in FIG. 3) (steps S220 to S230 in FIG. 12).

If the charging power PC of the requested value RC1 continues to be charged (supplied) from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 as in the comparative example (FIG. 10) during the period P4a, immediately after the time ta arrives, Assume that the system voltage is predicted to fall below the lower limit voltage LM.

Therefore, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV2 of the charging power PC during the period P4a to the power station 20 as the set value SV2AC that is less than the requested value RC1. Then, the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the period P4a is output as the set value SVC14a that is less than the required discharge amount RDA4a. When the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA is output in this way, the charge power amount PCA from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 during the period P4a is reduced compared to the case of the comparative example. As a result, the system voltage is prevented from falling below the lower limit voltage LM immediately after the arrival of time ta.

Similarly, the set value SV2 of the charging power PC during the period P4b is output as a set value SV2BC that is less than the requested value RC2 (SV2BC<RC2). The set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA during the period P4b is also output as a set value SVC14b that is less than the charge power amount PCA4b (FIG. 10). In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the system voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM during the period P4b. Therefore, the situation where the charging power PC and the charging power amount PCA are limited as in the case of the comparative example is prevented.

In this example, the set value SV1 (SVC14c) of the charging power amount PCA during the period P4c is output so as to be equal to the requested charging amount RCA4c. It is assumed that the charging power PC and the charging power amount PCA are not limited even during the period P4c.

In the first embodiment, the total charging power amount charged (supplied) from power system PG to power storage device 11 through power station 20 during period P4, which is the DR period, is the sum of set values SVC14a, SVC14b, and SVC14c. This total charged power amount is greater than the total charged power amount (the sum of the charged power amounts PCA4a, PCA4b, and PCA4c) in the case of the comparative example (FIG. 10), and the required total charged power amount (the line in FIG. 10). 705 and the horizontal axis). Therefore, in the embodiment, although the vehicle 10 cannot completely achieve the required total charging power amount, it can contribute more to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG than in the comparative example. . Furthermore, since the set value SV1 of the charged power amount PCA (the set value SV2 of the charged power) is output so that the system voltage does not fall below the lower limit voltage LM, it is possible to prevent the power system PG from becoming unstable. .
[Modification 2 of Embodiment 1]
In the first embodiment and its first modification, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 to a value different from the requested value (the requested discharge amount RDA or the requested charge amount RCA) during the period P3 (FIG. 3) prior to the DR period. set to In this modification 2, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 to a value different from the requested value when a predetermined condition is satisfied during the DR period (during the period P4 in FIG. 3). In this example, the predetermined condition is that the detected value of the system voltage rises to a threshold voltage (first threshold voltage) lower than the upper limit voltage UL during the DR period.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a method for the ECU 18 to output the set value SV1 in the second modification.

The ECU 18 according to Modification 2 calculates the first predicted voltage PV1 according to the required discharge amount RDA (first predicted voltage start calculating PV1). Then, when the first predicted voltage PV1 thus calculated exceeds the upper limit voltage UL, the ECU 18 sets the discharge power amount PDA set value SV1 to be output after the detected value rises to or above the threshold voltage THV1. to a set value SV1A lower than the required discharge amount RDA. This setting process is a process of outputting the set value SV1 so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage after the detected value rises to the threshold voltage THV1 or higher becomes a second predicted voltage PV2 lower than the upper limit voltage UL.

With such a configuration, the first predicted voltage PV1 is not calculated until the detected value of the system voltage rises above the threshold voltage THV1. As a result, the processing load on the ECU 18 associated with the calculation of the first predicted voltage PV1 (for example, the load required for the processing of FIG. 7 for creating the model of the line 700) can be reduced. Then, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the system voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL after the detected value rises to the threshold voltage THV1 or higher.

The aforementioned predetermined condition may be that the detected value of the system voltage drops below a threshold voltage (second threshold voltage) higher than the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period. That is, the ECU 18 may calculate the third predicted voltage PV3 according to the requested charge amount RCA when the detected value of the system voltage drops below the threshold voltage THV2 higher than the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period (the third predicted voltage may start calculating PV3). Then, when the third predicted voltage PV3 calculated in this way is lower than the lower limit voltage LM, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA to be output after the detected value has fallen below the threshold voltage THV2. It may be set to a set value SV1B that is lower than the required charge amount RCA. This setting process is a process of outputting the set value SV1 so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage after the detected value drops below the threshold voltage THV2 becomes a fourth predicted voltage PV4 higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

With such a configuration, the third predicted voltage PV3 is not calculated until the detected value of the system voltage drops below the threshold voltage THV2. As a result, the processing load on the ECU 18 associated with the calculation of the third predicted voltage PV3 can be reduced. Furthermore, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the system voltage drops below the lower limit voltage LM after the detected value drops below the threshold voltage THV2.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a temporal transition of the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA set by the ECU 18 according to the second modification. In the following description, FIG. 14 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 15, line 620 indicates the temporal transition of set value SV2 of discharge power PD in the second modification.

During the period P4a, the ECU 18 outputs to the power station 20 a set value SV2 of the discharge power PD that is equal to the required value RD1 of the discharge power PD. Then, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 (SV14a) of the discharge power amount PDA equal to the required discharge amount RDA to the power station 20 .

During the period P4ba of the period P4b, the ECU 18 outputs to the power station 20 the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD that is equal to the required value RD2 of the discharge power PD. During this period, the discharge power amount PDA of the set value SV14ba is discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG. Then, at time tab, the system voltage rises to the threshold voltage THV1 or higher.

At time tab, the ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount RDA (=PD2×TI). Specifically, the ECU 18 creates a model of the line 700 (performs the process of FIG. 7) and uses the line 700 to calculate the first predicted voltage. In this example, it is assumed that the first predicted voltage PV1 exceeds the upper limit voltage UL. The ECU 18 outputs the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD to be output in the period P4bb after the time tab so that the set value SV2 becomes equal to the discharge power PD5 (<RD2). Then, the set value SV14bb is output to the power station 20 as the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the period P4bb. The set value SV14bb is lower than the required discharge amount during the period P4bb (the product of the length of the period P4bb (tb-tab) and the required value RD2).

During the subsequent period P4c, in this example, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 (SV14c) of the discharge power amount PDA so as to be equal to the required discharge amount RDA4c, as in the case of FIG.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by the ECU 18 to adjust the power supply balance in this modified example 2. As shown in FIG. The processing of this flowchart is started when the ECU 18 transmits an acknowledgment signal S11 to the server 200 in response to reception of the DR request signal S1. The processing of this flowchart is executed while the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharge during a certain unit DR period. In the following description, FIG. 15 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 16, the processes of steps S305-S325 are the same as the processes of steps S105-S125 (FIG. 8).

In step S302, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the detected value of the system voltage has risen to or above the threshold voltage THV1. When the detected value of system voltage is less than threshold voltage THV1 (NO in step S302), ECU 18 executes this determination process until the detected value of system voltage rises to threshold voltage THV1 or higher. On the other hand, if the detected value of the system voltage rises to or above threshold voltage THV1 (YES in step S302), the process proceeds to step S305. After that, the processing of steps S305 to S325 is executed.

In step S332, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the target unit DR period (that is, the unit DR period in which the detected value of the system voltage has risen to the threshold voltage THV1 or higher) has ended according to the above-described contract information (step S332). If the target unit DR period has not ended (NO in step S332), ECU 18 outputs set value SV1 in step S320 or S325 to power station 20, and returns the process to step S315. On the other hand, if the target unit DR period has ended (YES in step S332), ECU 18 ends the processing of FIG.

[Embodiment 2]
In the first embodiment and its second modification, ECU 18 of vehicle 10 predicts during period P3 or period P4 (FIG. 3) whether or not the system voltage during the DR period will exceed upper limit voltage UL. Then, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 to a value different from the requested value (requested discharge amount RDA) from the server 200 of the aggregator according to the above prediction result.

In Embodiment 2, the set value SV1 is set by the processing device 201 of the server 200 of the aggregator instead of the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 as follows.

The server 200 (processing device 201) determines whether the system voltage during the DR period exceeds the upper limit voltage UL during the period P1 (FIG. 3). Predict according to

For example, when n (n≧1) vehicles 10 can participate in the DR, the server 200 calculates the required discharge amount of each of the n vehicles 10 (the required discharge amount of each power station 20) as the total adjustment power Calculated according to the amount TAP. This required discharge amount is, for example, a value obtained by dividing the total adjusted power amount TAP by n.

Then, the server 200 calculates a predicted voltage (first predicted voltage) of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged from the power station 20 connected to the vehicle 10 to the power system PG, according to the requested discharge amount. When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the server 200 reduces the discharge power during the DR period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage UL. The set value SV1 of the amount PDA is set lower than the required discharge amount RDA.

With such a configuration, as in the case of the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the discharge power amount PDA from being limited during the DR period.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by server 200 according to the second embodiment. The processing of this flowchart is started when server 200 receives adjustment request signal S0 from server 300 of the electric power company. The processing of this flowchart is performed when vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharge. In the following description, FIGS. 6, 8 and 9 will be referred to as appropriate.

Referring to FIG. 17, the processes of steps S310 to S327 are the same as the processes of steps S110 to S127 (FIG. 8) except that they are executed by processing device 201 of server 200 instead of ECU 18 of vehicle 10. be.

In step S303, server 200 requests vehicle 10 to create a model (eg, model of line 700) for predicting system voltage. The server 200 randomly selects a vehicle 10 for which model creation is requested, for example, from n vehicles 10 . The ECU 18 of the selected vehicle 10 creates a model in response to this request and transmits it to the server 200 through the communication device 13 .

Server 200 then receives a model from the selected vehicle 10 (step S304). After that, the processes of steps S310 to S327 are executed, and the process proceeds to step S332.

Next, server 200 transmits to vehicle 10 a discharge plan (for example, information indicating line 615 in FIG. 9) indicating temporal transition of set value SV1 of discharge power amount PDA (step S332). This discharge plan is created by server 200 and is transmitted from server 200 to vehicle 10 as information included in DR request signal S1.

[Modification of Embodiment 2]
In the second embodiment, a case has been mainly described in which server 200 outputs set value SV1 for discharge power amount PDA in order to prevent system voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage.

In this modification, a case in which server 200 outputs set value SV1 of charging power amount PCA of power storage device 11 during the DR period in order to prevent system voltage from falling below lower limit voltage LM will be described in detail.

Specifically, the server 200 (processing device 201) calculates the required charging amount of the vehicle 10 (of the power station 20 connected to the vehicle 10) according to the total adjustment power amount TAP during the period P1, and calculates the required charging amount. Calculate a third predicted voltage according to the quantity. Then, when the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage LM, the server 200 sets the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period to a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage LM. The set value SV1 of the charge power amount PCA is set lower than the required charge amount.

That is, this modification differs from Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 in that the processing executed by ECU 18 during period P3 in Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 is executed by server 200 during period P1. different.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by server 200 to adjust the power supply balance in the modification of the second embodiment. The processing of this flowchart is started when server 200 of the aggregator receives an adjustment request signal S0 from server 300 of the electric power company. The processing of this flowchart is performed when vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external charging.

Referring to FIG. 18, the processes of steps S403, S404 and S427 are the same as the processes of steps S303, S304 and S327 (FIG. 17), respectively.

In step S410, server 200 calculates the third predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the required charge amount calculated based on adjustment request signal S0 (step S410). More specifically, server 200 calculates the third predicted voltage using the model of line 700 for each unit DR period that constitutes the target DR period.

Next, server 200 determines whether or not the third predicted voltage is lower than lower limit voltage LM for the unit DR period to be processed (step S415). When the third predicted voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM (NO in step S415), server 200 sets the set value SV1 of charge power amount PCA during the unit DR period to requested charge amount RCA (step S425). On the other hand, if the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage LM (YES in step S415), the ECU 18 calculates the set value SV1 of the charging power amount PCA during the unit DR period using the model of the line 700 (for example, , set value SV1B in FIG. 14) (step S420). After the processing of steps S420 and S425, the processing proceeds to step S427.

In step S432 after step S427, server 200 transmits to vehicle 10 a charging plan indicating temporal transition of set value SV1 of charging power amount PCA (step S432). This charging plan is, for example, information indicating line 715 ( FIG. 13 ), but is different from the first modification of the first embodiment in that it is created by server 200 instead of ECU 18 . After step S432, the series of processes in FIG. 18 ends.

[Embodiment 3]
Referring to FIG. 1 again, server 200 sets the discharge power amount PDA of vehicle 10 (in this example, vehicle 10A in FIG. 1) during the DR period to requested discharge amount RDA. A different vehicle (in this example, vehicle 10B) may be requested to perform external charging (a signal may be sent to vehicle 10B to request external charging).

Specifically, the server 200 (more specifically, the processing device 201) determines when the requested discharge amount RDA is discharged from the power storage device 11A (first power storage device) of the vehicle 10A to the power system PG during the DR period. A first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage, is calculated according to the required discharge amount RDA. When the first predicted voltage thus calculated exceeds the upper limit voltage, the server 200 causes the vehicle to charge the power storage device 11B (second power storage device) using the power stand 20B during the DR period. Request to 10B. Then, server 200 outputs the setting value of the charging power amount of power storage device 11B during the DR period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during DR period becomes a second predicted voltage PV2 lower than upper limit voltage UL.

With such a configuration, the requested discharge amount RDA can be discharged from the power storage device 11A to the power system PG while preventing the system voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage UL during the DR period. As a result, it is possible to prevent the discharge power amount PDA (discharge power PD) from the power station 20A to the power system PG from being limited while achieving the required discharge amount RDA of the vehicle 10A during the DR period.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart showing an example of processing executed by server 200 according to the third embodiment. The processing of this flowchart is started when server 200 of the aggregator receives an adjustment request signal S0 from server 300 of the electric power company. The processing of this flowchart is performed when vehicle 10A participates in DR by performing external discharge.

Referring to FIG. 19, the processes of steps S503, S504 and S525 are the same as the processes of steps S303, S304 and S325 (FIG. 17), respectively.

In step S510, server 200 calculates the first predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the requested discharge amount RDA of power station 20A calculated based on adjustment request signal S0.

Next, server 200 determines whether or not the first predicted voltage exceeds upper limit voltage UL (step S515). If the first predicted voltage is equal to or lower than upper limit voltage UL (NO in step S515), the process proceeds to step S525. On the other hand, if the first predicted voltage exceeds upper limit voltage UL (YES in step S515), the process proceeds to step S517. In this case, in this example, the first predicted voltage is assumed to be the first predicted voltage PV1 (FIG. 14) higher than the upper limit voltage UL by the difference ΔV1.

Next, server 200 requests vehicle 10B (second vehicle) to charge power storage device 11B (second power storage device) during the target DR period (step S517). Accordingly, the HMI device 17 of the vehicle 10B inquires of the user of the vehicle 10B whether or not to approve the charging of the power storage device 11B by the vehicle 10B during the target DR period. A result of this inquiry is transmitted from the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10B to the server 200 through the communication device 13 .

Next, server 200 determines whether charging of power storage device 11B by vehicle 10B during the target DR period has been approved by the user of vehicle 10B (step S518). Specifically, the server 200 executes this determination process according to the result of the above inquiry.

If charging of power storage device 11B is not approved (NO in step S518), the process proceeds to the same process as step S320 (FIG. 16). That is, the server 200 outputs the set value SV1 of the discharged power amount PDA from the power station 20A to the power system PG so that the system voltage during the DR period does not exceed the upper limit voltage UL. On the other hand, if charging of power storage device 11B during the target DR period is approved by the user of vehicle 10B (YES in step S518), the process proceeds to step S522.

Next, server 200 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA of vehicle 10A as the requested discharge amount RDA (step S522).

Next, server 200 uses the model of line 700 to output the set value of the charging power amount of vehicle 10B (step S522). This set value is appropriately predetermined, for example, as a charging power amount that reduces the system voltage by a difference ΔV1 (FIG. 14) or more.

Next, server 200 transmits to vehicle 10A a discharge plan indicating temporal transition of set value SV1 of discharged power amount PDA of power station 20A (step S532). This discharge plan is, for example, the information shown in line 605 of FIG.

Next, server 200 transmits to vehicle 10B a charging plan indicating the temporal transition of the set value of the charging power amount from power station 20B to power storage device 11B (step S534). This charging plan is determined so that the predicted voltage of the power system during the DR period is less than the upper limit voltage.

[Modification of Embodiment 3]
Referring to FIG. 1 again, server 200 sets the charging power amount PCA of vehicle 10 (in this example, vehicle 10B in FIG. 1) during the DR period to requested charging amount RCA. A different vehicle (vehicle 10A in this example) may be requested to perform external discharge (a signal for requesting external discharge may be sent to vehicle 10A).

Specifically, the server 200 (more specifically, the processing device 201) converts the third predicted voltage, which is the predicted voltage of the system voltage when the power storage device 11B of the vehicle 10B is charged to the requested charge amount, into the requested charge amount. Calculated according to RCA. This required charge amount RCA is the amount of electric power required to be supplied from power system PG through power station 20 to power storage device 11B of vehicle 10B during the DR period. When the third predicted voltage calculated as described above is lower than the lower limit voltage LM, the server 200 requests the vehicle 10A to discharge from the power stand 20A to the power system PG during the DR period. Then, server 200 outputs the set value of the discharged power amount of power station 20A during the DR period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a fourth predicted voltage PV4 higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

With such a configuration, during the DR period, while preventing the system voltage from falling below the lower limit voltage LM, the required charge amount RCA is charged from the power system PG to the power storage device 11B through the power station 20B (power system PG can be consumed in As a result, it is possible to prevent the charging power amount PCA (charging power PC) from the power system PG to the power storage device 11B from being limited while achieving the required charging amount RCB of the power station 20B during the DR period.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by server 200 according to this modification. The processing of this flowchart is started when server 200 receives adjustment request signal S0 from server 300 of the electric power company. The processing of this flowchart is performed when vehicle 10B participates in DR by performing external charging.

Referring to FIG. 20, the processes of steps S603 and S604 are the same as the processes of steps S503 and S504 (FIG. 19), respectively.

In step S610, server 200 calculates a third predicted voltage for the target DR period according to required charge amount RCA of power station 20B calculated based on adjustment request signal S0.

Next, server 200 determines whether or not the third predicted voltage is lower than lower limit voltage LM (step S615). If the third predicted voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM (NO in step S615), server 200 sets the set value SV1 of charge power amount PCA of power station 20 to requested charge amount RCA (step S625). On the other hand, if the third predicted voltage is below lower limit voltage LM (YES in step S615), the process proceeds to step S616. In this case, in this example, the third predicted voltage is assumed to be the third predicted voltage PV3 (FIG. 14) lower than the lower limit voltage LM by the difference ΔV2.

Next, server 200 requests vehicle 10A (first vehicle) to discharge power from power storage device 11A (first power storage device) to power system PG during the target DR period (step S616). Accordingly, HMI device 17 of vehicle 10A inquires of the user of vehicle 10A whether or not to approve discharge of power storage device 11A by vehicle 10A during the target DR period. The result of this inquiry is transmitted from the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10A to the server 200 through the communication device 13. FIG.

Next, server 200 determines whether or not the user of vehicle 10A has approved the discharge of power storage device 11A by vehicle 10A during the target DR period (step S619). Specifically, the server 200 executes this determination process according to the result of the above inquiry.

If charging of power storage device 11A is not approved (NO in step S619), the process proceeds to the same process as step S420 (FIG. 18). That is, the server 200 outputs the set value SV1 of the charging power amount PCA from the power system PG to the power storage device 11B through the power station 20B so that the system voltage does not fall below the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period. On the other hand, if charging of power storage device 11A during the target DR period is approved by the user of vehicle 10A (YES in step S619), the process proceeds to step S622.

Next, server 200 sets the set value SV1 of charging power amount PCA of vehicle 10B to requested charging amount RCA (step S622).

Next, the server 200 uses the model of the line 700 to output the set value of the discharged power amount of the power station 20A (step S624). This set value is appropriately predetermined, for example, as the amount of discharge electric power that raises the system voltage by the difference ΔV2 (FIG. 14) or more.

Next, server 200 transmits to vehicle 10A a discharge plan indicating the temporal transition of the set value of the discharged power amount of power station 20A (step S632). This discharge plan is determined so that the predicted voltage of the power system during the DR period is higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

Next, server 200 transmits to vehicle 10B a charging plan indicating temporal transition of set value SV1 of charge power amount PCA from power station 20B to power storage device 11B (step S634). This charging plan is, for example, the information indicated by line 705 in FIG.

[Other Modifications]
In Embodiments 1 to 3 and their modifications described above, vehicle 10 is not equipped with a discharge device. It may be mounted between That is, vehicle 10 may be configured to discharge the power of power storage device 11 to power system PG through an on-vehicle discharge device and power stand 20 . When the vehicle 10 is configured in this manner, the “discharging device” of the present disclosure corresponds to the vehicle-mounted discharging device and the power station 20 .

Similarly, in Embodiments 1 to 3 and their modifications described above, vehicle 10 is not equipped with a charging device. It may be installed. That is, vehicle 10 may be configured to charge power storage device 11 (supply power to power storage device 11) from power system PG through power station 20 and an on-board charging device. When the vehicle 10 is configured in this manner, the “charging device” of the present disclosure corresponds to the vehicle-mounted charging device and the power stand 20 . The vehicle-mounted charging device described above may be the same as the vehicle-mounted discharging device described above.

In the above description, an example was given in which the "energy adjustment" was performed by the DR. On the other hand, the "energy adjustment" may be implemented, for example, by transferring power (selling power, purchasing power, etc.) between the vehicle 10 and the power company.

1 power adjustment system, 10, 10A, 10B, 10C vehicle, 11, 11A, 11B, 11C power storage device, 20, 20A, 20B, 20C power stand, 200, 300 server, 201, 301 processing device, 202, 302 storage device , LM lower limit voltage, PG power system, RCA, RCA4c, RCB required charge amount, RDA, RDA4a, RDA4b, RDA4c required discharge amount, UL upper limit voltage.

Claims (10)

A vehicle capable of participating in energy regulation in a power system,
a power storage device;
a control device that controls a discharge device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge the power of the power storage device to the power system;
The period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, the amount of power discharged from the discharge device is defined as a discharged power amount, and the amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a required discharge amount. , when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, is exceeded, the voltage at which the discharge power amount is limited to protect the power system is set to the upper limit voltage,
The control device is
calculating a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount;
When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage,
setting the set value of the discharge power output during the energy adjustment period higher than the required discharge amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage; Set low, vehicle. Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the controller:
Create a model showing the relationship between the discharge power amount and the predicted voltage of the system voltage,
Using the model, calculate the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount,
2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein said model is used to output said set value according to said second predicted voltage. The discharge device is further configured to be able to charge the power storage device using power from the power system,
The amount of power supplied from the power system to the power storage device through the discharge device is defined as a charge power amount, and the power amount required to be supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period is a request charge. When the voltage at which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls below is the lower limit voltage,
The control device is
calculating a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount;
When the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage,
setting the set value of the charge power amount to be output during the energy adjustment period higher than the required charge amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage; 3. Vehicle according to claim 1 or claim 2, set low. A vehicle capable of participating in energy regulation in a power system,
a power storage device;
a control device that controls a discharge device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge the power of the power storage device to the power system;
The period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, the amount of power discharged from the discharge device is defined as a discharged power amount, and the amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a required discharge amount. , when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, is exceeded, the voltage at which the discharge power amount is limited to protect the power system is set to the upper limit voltage,
The control device calculates a first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount when the detected value of the system voltage rises to or above a threshold voltage lower than the upper limit voltage during the energy adjustment period, and the first predicted voltage is , a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period,
The control device further
When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage,
performing a setting process of setting a set value of the amount of discharge power to be output after the detected value rises to the threshold voltage or more to be lower than the required amount of discharge;
The setting process is to output the set value so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage after the detected value rises to the threshold voltage or higher becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage. vehicle. A server that manages vehicles that can participate in energy coordination in a power system,
The vehicle includes a power storage device,
The server is
a storage device;
a processing device that executes a program stored in the storage device;
A period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, and an amount of electric power discharged from a discharge device connected to the power system and configured to discharge the power of the storage device to the power system is the discharged power. and the amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a required discharge amount, and when the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, exceeds the discharge power amount to protect the power system. When the voltage at which is limited is the upper limit voltage,
The processing device is
calculating a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount;
When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage,
The set value of the discharge power amount during the energy adjustment period is set lower than the required discharge amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage. server. Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the processing unit:
Using a model showing the relationship between the discharge power amount and the predicted voltage of the system voltage, calculating the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount,
6. The server according to claim 5, wherein said model is used to output said set value according to said second predicted voltage. The discharge device is further configured to be able to charge the power storage device using power from the power system,
The amount of power supplied from the power system to the power storage device through the discharge device is defined as a charge power amount, and the power amount required to be supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period is a request charge. When the voltage at which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls below is the lower limit voltage,
The processing device is
calculating a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount;
When the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage,
The set value of the charge power amount during the energy adjustment period is set lower than the required charge amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage. 7. A server according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein: A server that manages a plurality of vehicles that can participate in energy coordination in a power system,
a first vehicle among the plurality of vehicles includes a first power storage device;
A second vehicle among the plurality of vehicles includes a second power storage device,
The server is
a storage device;
a processing device that executes a program stored in the storage device;
A period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, and an amount of electric power discharged from a discharge device connected to the power system and configured to discharge power of the first power storage device to the power system. Electric power supplied from the power system to the second power storage device through a charging device connected to the power system and configured to charge the second power storage device with electric power from the power system. and the required discharge amount is the amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. When the system voltage, which is the voltage of the power system, exceeds the When the voltage at which the amount of discharge power is limited is the upper limit voltage,
The processing device is
calculating a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount;
When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage,
requesting the second vehicle to charge the second power storage device using the charging device during the energy adjustment period;
A server that outputs a set value of the charge power amount during the energy adjustment period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage. The amount of electric power required to be supplied from the power system to the second power storage device through the charging device during the energy adjustment period is defined as a required charge amount, and when the system voltage falls below the charge amount, the charge amount is limited. When the voltage is the lower limit voltage,
The processing device is
calculating a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system to the second power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount;
When the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage,
requesting the first vehicle to discharge from the first power storage device to the power system using the discharge device during the energy adjustment period;
9. The set value of the discharge power amount during the energy adjustment period is output so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage. server. a vehicle capable of participating in energy coordination in a power system;
An energy adjustment system comprising a server according to any one of claims 5 to 9.

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