JP2022011171A - Seedling production method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hilling suitable for the production of container seedlings, which has a good balance between drainage and water retention.
SOLUTION: Seedlings are grown using a soil and a seedling raising container having a saturated water permeation coefficient of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ . A seedling raising kit including a seedling production method including a growing step; the above-mentioned seedling production cultivation soil; and the above-mentioned seedling production cultivation soil and a seedling raising container.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing seedlings.

A container seedling is a seedling grown in a container that can prevent root wrapping by providing a rib (protrusion on a vertical streak) on the inner surface of the container and opening the bottom surface of the container. The medium for growing container seedlings is called container hilling, and either the basic material (coco peat, etc.) is used alone, or the mixed soil, which is a mixture of the basic material and drainage material (rice husk, pearlite, etc.), is used. It is common to raise seedlings by adding original fertilizer to the container soil. In addition, container hilling soil in which basic materials, drainage materials, and original fertilizer are mixed in advance is also sold (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

Toshiaki Endo et al., JFA-150 Container Seedling Raising and Planting Manual, March 2009, https://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/kanbatu/syubyou/pdf/15-kontenanae_ikubyou_syokusai_manyuaru.pdf Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Center Forestry Research Institute, Aomori Prefecture version of Sugi Hiba container seedling raising method, published on January 31, 2019, https://www.aomori-itc.or.jp/_files/00031691/H30sugihibamanyuaru .pdf

However, the conventional general container soil has a problem that the balance between drainage and water retention is poor and the seedlings grow slowly. In particular, it may take a long time, about two years, to grow seedlings. An object of the present invention is to provide a hilling suitable for the production of container seedlings, which has a good balance between drainage and water retention.

The present invention provides:
[1] Seedlings are grown using soil and a seedling raising container having a saturated water permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ . A method of producing seedlings, including the process of producing seedlings.
[2] A combination in which the soil contains at least two or more types of artificial soil, or
A combination containing at least one type of artificial soil and one or more types of natural soil.
The method according to [1].
[3] The method according to [2], wherein the artificial soil contains at least one of peat moss and coconut fiber.
[4] The method according to [3], wherein the artificial soil further contains vermiculite.
[5] The method according to any one of [2] to [4], wherein the natural soil contains at least one of Kanuma soil and Akadama soil.
[6] The method according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the seedling is a forest seedling.
[7] The method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the seedling is a seedling.
[8] A soil for seedling production having a saturated hydraulic conductivity of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ .
[9] Includes seedling production soil and a seedling raising container having a saturated water permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ . Seedling kit.

According to the present invention, a soil having a good balance between drainage and water retention and capable of efficiently raising seedlings is provided, and seedlings can be raised efficiently, so that seedlings can be efficiently obtained.

[Hilling]
In the present invention, hilling soil having a saturated permeability coefficient and a water retention amount within a predetermined range is used.

(Saturated permeability coefficient)
The saturated permeability coefficient of the soil is 1.0 × 10 ^-5 m / s or more, preferably 1.1 × 10 ^-5 m / s or more, and more preferably 1.2 × 10 ^-5 m / s or more. The upper limit is 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s or less, preferably 9.8 × 10 ^-4 m / s or less, and more preferably 9.7 × 10 ^-4 m / s or less. Therefore, the saturated hydraulic conductivity is 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s, preferably 1.1 × 10 ^-5 to 9.8 × 10 ^-4 m / s, more preferably 1. It is .2 × 10 ^-5 to 9.7 × 10 ^-4 m / s. As a result, the drainage property becomes appropriate, and when the soil is stored in the seedling raising container, the water drainage at the time of sprinkling is moderate, and the accumulation of water in the water spot of the seedling raising container is suppressed. On the other hand, the water retention becomes appropriate, and it is suppressed that the water suddenly escapes from the bottom of the nursery container after sprinkling.
The measurement of the saturated permeability coefficient is carried out by Soil Environment Analysis Method II. 10 It can be done by the constant water level method or the variable water level method (supervised by the Japanese Society of Soil Science and Technology, edited by the Soil Environment Analysis Method Editorial Committee).

(Amount of water retention)
The water retention amount of the hilling is 160 or more, preferably 165 or more, and more preferably 170 or more. The upper limit is 230 or less, preferably 225 or less, and more preferably 220 or less. Therefore, it is 160 to 230 L / m ³ , preferably 165 to 225 L / m ³ , and more preferably 170 to 220 L / m ³ . As a result, the amount of water that can be retained can be increased, so that the frequency of watering can be reduced and the fertilizer content can be easily retained in the soil.
The amount of water retained is the effective water at pF1.5 to 2.7, and the soil environment analysis method II. 9 It can be measured by the pressure plate method and the centrifugal method (supervised by the Japanese Society of Soil Science and Technology, edited by the Soil Environment Analysis Method Editorial Committee).

(Example of hilling)
The composition of the hilling soil is not particularly limited as long as the saturated permeability coefficient and the water retention amount are within the above ranges. For example, natural soil such as sand and soil (eg Akadama soil, Kanuma soil); artificial soil such as paddy husk charcoal, coconut fiber, vermiculite, pearlite, peat moss, glass beads, paddy husk; porous foamed phenol resin, rock wool and the like. Sex molded product; solidifying agent (eg, agar or gellan gum), a combination of two or more of these is preferred, a combination of two or more is preferred, a combination containing at least two or more artificial soils, or one or more artificial A combination containing at least one soil and one or more natural soils is preferred. The coconut fiber is preferably coconut (coconut husk: crushed fiber obtained from coconut peel and its residue).

The soil is preferably a combination of at least one of coconut fiber and peat moss and at least one selected from other artificial soils and natural soils. The volume of coconut fiber and peat moss (or the total if both are included) in the hilling is usually 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, or 35% or more, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50%. Above, more preferably 55% or more. The upper limit is usually 90% or less or 85% or less, preferably 80% or less, and more preferably 75% or less. Artificial soil and natural soil to be combined with coconut fiber and peat moss may be selected from the viewpoint of particle size (for example, particle size distribution, surface area, void area) or water retention, but two or more kinds having different particle sizes or types should be used. Is preferable. As the other artificial soil, those exemplified above can be appropriately selected and used, but it is preferable to contain at least vermiculite, and it is more preferable to contain two or more kinds of vermiculite having different particle size distributions. Examples of the combination of two or more kinds of vermiculite having different particle size distributions include those having a particle size of less than 2.5 mm of 60% or more and those having a particle size of 2.5 mm or more of 50% or more, and the respective ratios are, for example, 55. It is from 90:45 to 10 (preferably 60 to 80:40 to 20). As the natural soil, Kanuma soil and Akadama soil are preferable. The Kanuma soil is preferably Kanuma small grain soil. Akadama soil is preferably Akadama small grain soil. The combination of two or more natural soils is preferable, the combination of Kanuma soil and Akadama soil is more preferable, and the combination of Kanuma small grain soil and Akadama small grain soil is further preferable. In the combination of Kanuma soil and Akadama soil, the volume ratio (Kanuma soil / Akadama soil) of both is usually 0.01 to 100, preferably 0.1 to 10, and more preferably 0.5 to 5.

(Other ingredients-original fertilizer, etc.)
The hilling may contain components other than soil. Examples of other components include original fertilizers and preservatives. By including the original fertilizer, the growth of seedlings can be promoted. The original fertilizer is not particularly limited, and may be a fast-acting fertilizer or a slow-acting fertilizer, or may be an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, or a chemical fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied is not particularly limited, and an amount suitable for the fertilizer to be used can be selected. Examples of the components contained in the original fertilizer include inorganic components, silver ions, antioxidants, carbon sources, vitamins, amino acids, plant hormones and other components that can be a source of plant nutrients. The form of the original fertilizer is not particularly limited, and may be either a solid substance (eg, powder, granule) or a liquid (eg, liquid fertilizer).

Inorganic components include essential elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, iodine, cobalt, and inorganic salts containing these. Illustrated. Examples of the inorganic salt include potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and the like. Examples thereof include manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, boric acid, molybdenum trioxide, sodium molybdenate, potassium iodide, cobalt chloride and the like, and hydrates thereof. In the essential element, it is preferable that the content of phosphorus or potassium is higher than the content of nitrogen. As a result, it is possible to efficiently obtain cuttings having a good rooting rate regardless of the age of the ear-collecting mother tree, even if the tree age is advanced. At least one (preferably both) of the weight ratio of the phosphorus content to the nitrogen content and the weight ratio of the potassium content to the nitrogen content is preferably more than 1, more preferably 1.5 or more and 2.0. The above is more preferable. The upper limit is usually 4.0 or less, and is not particularly limited.

Examples of the antioxidant include ascorbic acid and sulfites, and ascorbic acid is preferable. Since ascorbic acid has low persistence in the medium, it can suppress environmental pollution.

Examples of the carbon source include compounds such as carbohydrates such as sucrose and derivatives thereof; organic acids such as fatty acids; and primary alcohols such as ethanol.

Examples of vitamins include biotin, thiamine (vitamin B1), pyridoxine (vitamin B4), pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and riboflavin (vitamin B2).

Examples of amino acids include glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, cysteine, phenylalanine and lysine.

[Nursery container]
The above-mentioned hilling can be used for raising seedlings, and preferably can be used for raising seedlings in combination with a seedling raising container.

The seedling raising container may be a container provided with a storage portion capable of accommodating the soil, and a container having an opening at the substantially bottom portion is preferable. For example, containers (eg, containers described in JP-A-2017-079706, multi-cavity containers (JFA-150, JFA-300: see Non-Patent Document 1), etc.), cell trays, nursery pots, planters, and bats (eg, (For example, a box-shaped container having an opening on the bottom or side surface). It may be a type of culture container in which one plant is planted in one container, or a type of seedling raising container in which two or more plants are planted in one container. The material of the seedling raising container is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include resin, glass, and wood. The size of the container may be appropriately selected depending on the target plant.

[Seedling production method]
The above-mentioned hilling can be used for seedling production, preferably together with a culture vessel.

(Target plant)
The target plant may be either a woody plant or a herbaceous plant, preferably a woody plant, and more preferably a woody plant having a lower rooting ability than the herbaceous plant. Examples of woody plants include Sugi genus (Cryptomeria) plants (Cryptomeria japonica and the like), Hinoki genus (Chamaecyparis) plants (Chamaecyparis obtusa and the like), and Matsu family (Pine pine) plants. Plants (Pinus thumbergii, etc.), Laris plants (Lalix kaempferi, Lalix gmelini, etc.), Fir (Abies) plants (Abies, etc.) (Eucalyptus) plants, Sakura genus (Prunus) plants (Sakura (Prunus spp.), Ume (Prunus mume), Yusuraume (Prunus tomentosa), etc.) (Acacia) plants, Yamamomo (Myrica) plants, Quercus plants (Quercus actissima), grapes (Vitis) plants, apple (Marus) plants, roses (Rosa) plants, Tsubaki genus (Camellia) plants (Camellia sinensis, etc.), Jacaranda plants (Jacaranda mimosifolia, etc.), crocodile (Persea) plants (Avocado, Pera), etc. Pears (Pyrus serotina Rehder, Pyrus pyrifolia, etc.), Santalum plants (Byakdan (sandalwood; Santarum album), etc.) are exemplified. Of these, cedar, hinoki, pine (black pine, karamatsu, guimatsu, todomatsu, etc.), eucalyptus, cherry, mango, avocado, acacia, yamamomo, kunugi, grape, apple, rose, camellia, cha, ume, yusuraume, jakaranta. Among them, Sugi genus plants, Hinoki genus plants, pine family plants (pine genus plants, Karamatsu genus plants, fir genus plants, etc.), eucalyptus plants, camellia genus plants, mango genus plants, crocodile plants are preferable. That is, plants of the genus Sugi, plants of the genus Hinoki, plants of the genus Matsu, plants of the genus Karamatsu, plants of the genus Fir, and plants of the genus Eucalyptus are more preferable, and plants of the genus Sugi, plants of the genus Hinoki, plants of the genus Matsu, plants of the genus Karamatsu, and plants of the genus Fir. preferable.

(Seedling raising conditions)
The conditions for growing seedlings may be appropriately set according to the environmental conditions such as the target plant, season, area, and the presence or absence of equipment. Hereinafter, an example will be described.

-Planting-
In the production of seedlings, usually, first, the soil is stored in a seedling raising container, and the target plant is planted (sown or inserted) in the soil. Examples of the morphology of the target plant to be planted include seeds and cuttings. Of these, seeds are preferred. It often takes a long time to raise seedlings in a container, but according to the present invention, the seedlings can be grown efficiently in a short period of time, so that the seedlings can be raised efficiently in a short period of time. The amount of soil to be stored in the seedling raising container may be determined by the container and the target plant, and is usually filled in the entire container. When sowing seeds, seeds that have already germinated before sowing may be included. When using commercially available seeds, the seed sowing amount may be determined based on the indicated germination rate.

-Fertilization-
After planting, fertilizer may be applied as needed. This can promote the growth of seedlings. Examples of the fertilizer include the same specific examples as those described as the original fertilizer. Fertilizer application conditions such as fertilizer application amount, timing, and fertilizer application method are not particularly limited, and a method suitable for the fertilizer to be used can be selected.

-Watering-
The irrigation method during the seedling raising period may be either overhead irrigation or bottom irrigation. Examples of the bottom irrigation method include a method of immersing a seedling raising container (a seedling raising container having an opening) in water and a method of irrigating cuttings through a water-absorbing member. When bottom surface irrigation is performed via a water-absorbent member, water is usually supplied to the water-absorbent member (for example, a mat-shaped member), and water is supplied to the cuttings via a portion where the soil and the water-absorbent member are in contact with each other. It is preferable that water is supplied to the water-absorbent member so that the medium is moistened and / or the water-absorbent member is in a state of uniformly absorbing water. As a result, the water environment of the medium can be maintained appropriately, constantly and uniformly. The irrigation operation may be performed by either manual irrigation or an automatic irrigation device.

-Place of raising seedlings-
The place where the seedlings are raised may be a closed space (for example, in a greenhouse, a carbon dioxide gas culture room, a greenhouse, indoors) or an open space (for example, outdoors), but several months (for example, 2-3 months) from the start of raising seedlings. Is preferably a closed space. This makes it easy to adjust conditions such as temperature and humidity.

-Temperature of raising seedlings-
The temperature in the environment for rooting and raising seedlings is not particularly limited as long as the conditions for raising seedlings are possible, but is preferably 20 to 40 ° C., for example.

-Raising seedling period-
The seedling raising using the soil may be continued at least until the seedlings are observed, and is usually 4 months or longer, preferably 6 months or longer, and more preferably 8 months or longer. It is preferable to continue raising seedlings until the seedling height reaches about 30 cm or more. However, even after the seedlings are observed, the seedlings may be raised using the above-mentioned soil and seedling raising container, or the seedlings may be transferred to another soil for raising seedlings. May continue.

-others-
When cuttings are inserted, in order to promote rooting until the cuttings are rooted to some extent, light intensity adjustment, wavelength component adjustment, shading (for example, shading using a lawn cloth), carbon dioxide concentration Operations such as adjustment, humidity adjustment, and temperature adjustment may be performed. The necessity of these operations and the operation conditions when performing these operations can be appropriately determined depending on the plant species, parts, sizes, types of additives, etc. of the cuttings, and it is difficult to unconditionally specify them, but to give an example. It is as follows. The light intensity is adjusted so that the photosynthetic effective photon flux density is preferably 10 μmol / m ² / s to 1000 μmol / m ² / s, and more preferably 50 μmol / m ² / s to 500 μmol / m ² / s. For example, it may be performed using an irradiation device such as an LED. The wavelength component is preferably adjusted by using an agricultural film such as a light quality conversion film so that light containing a wavelength component of 650 nm to 670 nm and a wavelength component of 450 nm to 470 nm is irradiated. The carbon dioxide concentration at the time of rooting is usually adjusted to 300 to 2000 ppm, preferably 800 to 1500 ppm by placing a culture container equipped with a carbon dioxide permeable membrane in equipment such as an artificial meteorological instrument. can. Humidity can usually be adjusted to 60% or higher, preferably 80% or higher.

[Nursery kit]
The soil and seedling raising container can be provided as a seedling raising kit. The seedling raising kit may include other tools as needed. For example, tools for bottom irrigation (eg, immersion vessels, water-absorbing members), tools for accommodating soil (eg, scoops), tools for fixing culture vessels (eg, stands, pedestals), seeds, fertilizer. Etc., tools necessary for raising seedlings can be mentioned.

Example 1
On March 8, 2018, a multi-cavity container 300cc type (manufactured by Sanko Co., Ltd.) was used as a seedling raising container, and peat moss (manufactured by Sun & Hope Co., Ltd.), Kanuma small grain soil (manufactured by Akagi Horticulture) and Akatama small grain soil were used as cultivation soil. (Manufactured by Kanuma Shoji Co., Ltd.) was mixed in a ratio of 4: 1: 1 (volume ratio, the same applies hereinafter) and filled for 300 cc. 7 to 10 Sugi seeds with a germination rate of 20% were directly sown in a container filled with soil and placed in a greenhouse. Two months later, the buds were pruned into one and put out in the field to continue raising seedlings until November. During the seedling raising period, overhead irrigation was performed, and Hyponex stock solution (manufactured by Hyponex Japan Co., Ltd.) was diluted 500 to 2000 times and sprayed once a week. If the seedlings were alive after the seedling raising period, the seedling height was 30 cm, and the root diameter exceeded 3.5 mm, it was judged that the seedlings were obtained.

Example 2
Example 1 and other than using a mixture of coco peat old (manufactured by Top Co., Ltd.), vermiculite GS (manufactured by Nittai Co., Ltd.) and vermiculite GL (manufactured by Nittai Co., Ltd.) as hilling soil in a ratio of 4: 2: 1. It was carried out in the same manner.

Example 3
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that a mixture of peat moss, Kanuma small grain soil and Akatama small grain soil was used as the hilling soil in a ratio of 5 to 1: 1.

Comparative Example 1
It was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only coco peat old was used as the hilling.

Comparative Example 2
It was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only peat moss was used as the hilling soil.

[Measurement of saturated permeability coefficient]
[Soil environment analysis method II. 10 Constant water level method or variable water level method] was used for measurement before filling the soil.

[Measurement of water retention]
[Soil environment analysis method II. 9 Measured by the pressure plate method and the centrifugal method] before filling the soil.

As is clear from Table 1, the seedling yield rate was less than 50% in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, whereas a high seedling yield rate was observed in Examples 1 to 3. In addition, the seedling heights and root diameters of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were higher in Examples 1 to 3. Examples 1 to 3 are seedling raising tests, and it is expected that seedlings that can be shipped can be produced in about one year. This result shows that according to the present invention, seedlings can be efficiently produced in a short period of time with general fertilizer application amount and water management.

Claims (9)

A step of growing seedlings using a soil and a seedling raising container having a saturated water permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ . Seedling production method, including. A combination of soils containing at least two or more artificial soils, or
A combination containing at least one type of artificial soil and one or more types of natural soil.
The method according to claim 1. The method of claim 2, wherein the artificial soil comprises at least one of peat moss and coconut fiber. The method of claim 3, wherein the artificial soil further comprises vermiculite. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the natural soil contains at least one of Kanuma soil and Akadama soil. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the seedling is a forest seedling. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the seedling is a seedling. A soil for seedling production with a saturated permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ . A seedling raising kit containing a seedling production soil and a seedling raising container having a saturated water permeability coefficient of 1.0 × 10 ^-5 to 9.9 × 10 ^-4 m / s and a water retention capacity of 160 to 230 L / m ³ .