JP2021061803A - Composition for aquatic animal, method for raising aquatic animal, and usage of fermented product of olive strained lees - Google Patents
Composition for aquatic animal, method for raising aquatic animal, and usage of fermented product of olive strained lees Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021061803A JP2021061803A JP2019189568A JP2019189568A JP2021061803A JP 2021061803 A JP2021061803 A JP 2021061803A JP 2019189568 A JP2019189568 A JP 2019189568A JP 2019189568 A JP2019189568 A JP 2019189568A JP 2021061803 A JP2021061803 A JP 2021061803A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、養殖魚の育成等に適用することができる水産生物用組成物、水産生物の育成方法、及びこれに利用するオリーブ採油粕発酵物に関する。 The present invention relates to a composition for aquatic products that can be applied to the breeding of farmed fish, a method for growing aquatic products, and a fermented olive oil cake used thereto.
オリーブオイルは料理等に広く利用される食用オイルであり、ヨーロッパなどが原産地として知られていたが、近年になって小豆島に代表されるように日本でも産地に広がりを見せている。オリーブオイルは、果実を破砕・摩砕し、搾って、液部を回収し、精製して得られる食用オイルであり、その製造工程から生じる搾りかす(以下、「オリーブ採油粕」又は単に「採油粕」という場合がある。)は、一定の基準のもと産業廃棄物として処分する必要があった。 Olive oil is an edible oil that is widely used in cooking, etc., and was known as the place of origin in Europe, but in recent years it has spread to the place of origin in Japan as represented by Shodoshima. Olive oil is an edible oil obtained by crushing and grinding fruits, squeezing them, collecting the liquid part, and refining them. (Sometimes called "oil cake") had to be disposed of as industrial waste under certain standards.
このオリーブ採油粕について、資源の有効利用の観点から、利活用の促進が望まれており、農作物の堆肥や、家畜を飼育するための飼料に利用することも提案されている(特許文献1参照)。 From the viewpoint of effective use of resources, it is desired to promote the utilization of this olive oil cake, and it has been proposed to use it as compost for agricultural products and as feed for raising livestock (see Patent Document 1). ).
本発明者らは。オリーブ搾油粕を魚類の餌素材等として利活用することに着眼した。しかしながら、オリーブ搾油粕をそのまま用いても、あまり魅力的な実用性は得られないことが判明した。 The inventors of the present invention. We focused on utilizing olive oil cake as a bait material for fish. However, it has been found that even if olive oil cake is used as it is, it is not very attractive and practical.
そこで、本発明の目的は、水産生物用として、より有効性の高められたオリーブ搾油粕素材を提供することにある。そして、これにより、オリーブ搾油粕の利用の促進を図ることにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a more effective olive oil cake material for aquatic products. And this is to promote the use of olive oil cake.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明者らが鋭意研究した結果、オリーブ搾油粕を発酵させたうえで水産生物に摂食させると、その摂食活動の活性化等に優れることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of diligent research by the present inventors in order to achieve the above object, it was found that when olive oil cake is fermented and then fed to an aquatic product, it is excellent in activating the feeding activity and the like. Has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、第1の観点として、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を含有し、水産生物に摂食させるためのものであることを特徴とする水産生物用組成物を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention provides, as a first aspect, a composition for an aquatic product, which contains a fermented olive oil cake and is intended to be fed by an aquatic product.
上記水産生物用組成物においては、ナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis)属に属する藻類及びオリーブ葉からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を、更に併用して、前記水産生物に摂食させるように用いられるものであることが好ましい。 In the above composition for aquatic products, one or more species selected from the group consisting of algae belonging to the genus Nannochloropsis and olive leaves may be further used in combination to feed the aquatic products. It is preferable that it is used for.
また、上記水産生物用組成物においては、前記水産生物の飼育域又は生息域に施与するように用いられるものであることが好ましい。 Further, in the composition for aquatic products, it is preferable that the composition is used so as to be applied to a breeding area or a habitat of the aquatic products.
また、上記水産生物用組成物においては、水産生物用餌の形態であることが好ましい。 Further, in the above composition for aquatic products, it is preferable that the composition is in the form of bait for aquatic products.
本発明は、第2の観点として、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を水産生物に摂食させることを特徴とする水産生物の育成方法を提供するものである。 The present invention provides, as a second aspect, a method for growing an aquatic product, which comprises feeding an aquatic product with a fermented olive oil cake.
上記水産生物の育成方法においては、ナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis)属に属する藻類及びオリーブ葉からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を、併用して摂食させることが好ましい。 In the above method for growing aquatic products, it is preferable to feed one or more species selected from the group consisting of algae belonging to the genus Nannochloropsis and olive leaves in combination.
また、上記水産生物の育成方法においては、前記オリーブ採油粕発酵物を、前記水産生物の飼育域又は生息域に施与することにより、前記水産生物に摂食させることが好ましい。 Further, in the method for growing the aquatic product, it is preferable to feed the aquatic product by applying the fermented olive oil cake to the breeding area or the habitat of the aquatic product.
また、上記水産生物の育成方法においては、(1)前記オリーブ採油粕発酵物、及び(2)前記ナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis)属に属する藻類及び前記オリーブ葉からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を、前記水産生物の飼育域又は生息域に施与することにより、前記水産生物に摂食させることが好ましい。 In addition, in the method for growing aquatic products, one species selected from the group consisting of (1) the fermented olive oil cake, (2) the algae belonging to the genus Nannochloropsis, and the olive leaves. It is preferable to feed the aquatic product by feeding two or more species on the breeding area or habitat of the aquatic product.
本発明は、第3の観点として、水産生物に摂食させるためのものである水産生物用組成物の製造のための、オリーブ採油粕発酵物の使用を提供するものである。 The present invention provides, as a third aspect, the use of fermented olive oil cake for the production of aquatic composition for feeding aquatic products.
上記オリーブ採油粕発酵物の使用においては、前記水産生物用組成物は、ナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis)属に属する藻類及びオリーブ葉からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上を、更に併用して、前記水産生物に摂取させるように用いられるものであることが好ましい。 In the use of the fermented olive oil cake, the composition for aquatic products is further used in combination with one or more selected from the group consisting of algae belonging to the genus Nannochloropsis and olive leaves. Therefore, it is preferable that it is used so as to be ingested by the aquatic product.
また、上記オリーブ採油粕発酵物の使用においては、前記水産生物用組成物は、水産生物の飼育域又は生息域に施与するように用いられるものであることが好ましい。 Further, in the use of the fermented olive oil cake, it is preferable that the composition for aquatic products is used so as to be applied to a breeding area or a habitat of the aquatic products.
また、上記オリーブ採油粕発酵物の使用においては、前記水産生物用組成物は、水産生物用餌の形態であることが好ましい。 Further, in the use of the fermented olive oil cake, the composition for aquatic products is preferably in the form of bait for aquatic products.
本発明によれば、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を利用して、水産生物の摂食活動の活性化等に優れる水産生物組成物を提供することができる。よって、これにより、オリーブ搾油粕の利用の促進を図ることができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an aquatic product composition excellent in activation of feeding activity of aquatic products by utilizing an olive oil cake fermented product. Therefore, this makes it possible to promote the use of olive oil cake.
本発明に用いるオリーブ採油粕は、オリーブ果実からオイルを採油した後に残る採油粕であればよく、特に制限はないが、オリーブオイル製品の製造のための工場から排出される採油粕等であれば、コスト安く入手可能であるので好ましい。オリーブ採油粕は種有り、種無しのどちらでも使用可能である。 The olive oil cake used in the present invention may be any oil cake that remains after oil is extracted from olive fruits, and is not particularly limited as long as it is oil cake discharged from a factory for producing olive oil products. It is preferable because it is available at a low cost. Olive oil cake can be used with or without seeds.
本発明に用いるオリーブ採油粕は、発酵を経た発酵物である必要がある。発酵物であることにより、水産生物が摂食したとき、摂餌誘因効果や生体防御活性賦活効果等の作用効果が、より一層高められる。発酵は、湿潤状態もしくは適当な乾燥手段で乾燥状態にしたオリーブ採油粕を、そのまま室温で、例えば3〜30日間程度放置することにより自然発酵させてもよく、あるいは、所定の発酵環境下に発酵させるようにしてもよい。発酵環境としては、例えば、ビニル袋等で覆い、空気との接触をやや制限した状態(酸素濃度〜15%程度)で1〜10日間程度(37℃)、任意に時折全体を混合しつつ発酵させるようにしてもよい。また、任意の限定されない態様においては、発酵用の微生物、例えば、Lactobacillus属、Enterococcus属等の乳酸菌からなる種菌や、事前に調製されたオリーブ採油粕の発酵物からなる発酵種を適宜添加して、発酵の効果を高めてもよい。乳酸菌は天然由来もものでもよく、生きた乳酸菌入り製品から分離して用いてもよい。あるいは市販のものを用いてもよい。なお、酸素濃度の高い場合や通常の空気中で発酵させる場合(好気条件下での発酵の場合、表面を除けば嫌気に近い発酵を維持しているので)は発酵期間をやや長めにとるとよい。 The olive oil cake used in the present invention needs to be a fermented product that has undergone fermentation. By being a fermented product, when the aquatic product is ingested, the effects such as the feeding incentive effect and the biological defense activity activating effect are further enhanced. Fermentation may be carried out by naturally fermenting olive oil cake that has been moistened or dried by an appropriate drying means by leaving it as it is at room temperature for, for example, about 3 to 30 days, or fermentation under a predetermined fermentation environment. You may let it. As a fermentation environment, for example, it is covered with a vinyl bag or the like, and the contact with air is slightly restricted (oxygen concentration to about 15%) for about 1 to 10 days (37 ° C.), and fermentation is performed while occasionally mixing the whole. You may let it. Further, in any non-limiting embodiment, a fermentation microorganism, for example, an inoculum consisting of lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and a fermented inoculum consisting of a fermented product of olive oil cake prepared in advance are appropriately added. , The effect of fermentation may be enhanced. The lactic acid bacterium may be of natural origin or may be used separately from a product containing live lactic acid bacterium. Alternatively, a commercially available product may be used. In addition, when the oxygen concentration is high or when fermenting in normal air (in the case of fermentation under aerobic conditions, fermentation is maintained close to anaerobic except for the surface), the fermentation period should be slightly longer. It is good.
発酵処理後の発酵物は、湿潤状態のものをそのまま凍結保存して、使用時には凍ったまま細切りにして市販の餌に混合して使用するようにしてもよく、あるいは、適当な乾燥手段で、乾燥したうえで、粉末化したり、冷凍ないし冷蔵ないし室温で保存したりするようにしてもよい。粉末化は、例えば、ミキサー等で破砕、篩(例えば孔サイズ2mm以下のもの)を用いて、篩を通過したもののみを選別して使用してもよい。また、場合により、更に乳鉢等を用いて細粉化してもよく、その微粉砕化後に、市販の餌を粉末化したものと混合して、結着材により再ペレット化してもよい。 The fermented product after the fermentation treatment may be frozen and stored as it is in a wet state, and when used, it may be cut into small pieces in a frozen state and mixed with commercially available food for use, or by an appropriate drying means. After drying, it may be powdered, frozen or refrigerated, or stored at room temperature. For pulverization, for example, crushing with a mixer or the like, and using a sieve (for example, one having a pore size of 2 mm or less), only those that have passed through the sieve may be selected and used. Further, depending on the case, it may be further pulverized using a mortar or pestle, or after the pulverization, a commercially available bait may be mixed with a pulverized bait and repelletized with a binder.
なお、乾燥操作に関しては、特に制限はなく、天日乾燥、凍結乾燥、減圧乾燥、マイクロ波減圧乾燥、乾熱乾燥(通常の水分除去や水分量測定時に使用する条件下、例えば105℃での乾燥)等であってよい。ただし、天日乾燥は表面の酸化が進むため、できれば水分が大まかに抜けた後は日陰等での風乾が望ましい。なお、加熱乾燥を行うと、同操作により発酵物内の大部分の細菌類は死滅することになるが、細菌の細胞壁等の外皮が残っていれば、乳酸菌による免疫賦活の効果は維持されることも知られている。 The drying operation is not particularly limited, and is sun-dried, freeze-dried, vacuum-dried, microwave-pressure-dried, and dry-heat-dried (under the conditions used for normal water removal and water content measurement, for example, at 105 ° C.). It may be dry) or the like. However, since the surface of the sun-dried product is oxidized, it is desirable to air-dry it in the shade after the moisture is roughly removed. When heat-drying is performed, most of the bacteria in the fermented product are killed by the same operation, but if the exodermis such as the cell wall of the bacteria remains, the effect of immunostimulation by lactic acid bacteria is maintained. It is also known.
本発明に用いるナンノクロロプシスは、ナンノクロロプシス(Nannochloropsis)属に属する藻類であればよく、特に制限はなく、例えば、市販の乾燥粉末品を使用してもよい。なお、稚魚用に濃縮・冷蔵されたナンノクロロプシス溶液を購入し、使用することも可能である。 The Nannochloropsis used in the present invention may be any alga belonging to the genus Nannochloropsis, and is not particularly limited. For example, a commercially available dry powder product may be used. It is also possible to purchase and use a concentrated and refrigerated Nannochloropsis solution for fry.
ナンノクロロプシスは、湿潤状態で用いてもよく、乾燥粉末化して用いてもよい。乾燥粉末化することにより、他の素材と混合することが容易になるので、好ましい。加熱処理や粉末化は、上記した発酵物と同様の手段、態様が例示され得る。ただし、加熱処理品(例えば、70℃で数時間や120℃で3時間以上など)では、場合によっては、その加熱処理により摂餌誘因効果や生体防御活性賦活効果等への寄与が低下する場合があるので、加熱処理を経ないもの用いることが好ましい。 Nannochloropsis may be used in a wet state or may be used as a dry powder. Dry powdering is preferable because it facilitates mixing with other materials. The heat treatment and pulverization can be exemplified by the same means and embodiments as those of the above-mentioned fermented product. However, in the case of heat-treated products (for example, several hours at 70 ° C. or 3 hours or more at 120 ° C.), in some cases, the heat treatment reduces the contribution to the feeding incentive effect, the biological defense activity activation effect, and the like. Therefore, it is preferable to use one that has not undergone heat treatment.
本発明に用いるオリーブ葉は、湿潤状態で用いてもよく、乾燥粉末化して用いてもよい。乾燥粉末化することにより、素材に含まれるオレウロペイン等の有効成分の減少が抑制されることに加え、他の素材と混合することが容易になるので、好ましい。加熱処理や粉末化は、上記した発酵物と同様の手段、態様が例示され得る。 The olive leaf used in the present invention may be used in a wet state or may be used as a dry powder. Dry powdering is preferable because it suppresses the decrease of active ingredients such as oleuropein contained in the material and facilitates mixing with other materials. The heat treatment and pulverization can be exemplified by the same means and embodiments as those of the above-mentioned fermented product.
本発明にかかる水産生物用組成物は、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を少なくとも含有し、水産生物に摂食させるためのものである。例えば、乾燥して、粉末化もしくは微粉砕化したオリーブ採油粕発酵物に、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、小麦粉等の結着材と適宜水を加えて、必要に応じて任意に他の配合成分と共に混合してモイストペレットとして使用したり、ソフトタイプあるいはハードタイプの固形飼料としたりすることもできる。より典型的には、水産生物用餌の形態である。その場合、上記オリーブ採油粕発酵物を含有する水産生物用組成物は、それをそのまま餌とすればよいが、例えば、市販の餌に、上記オリーブ採油粕発酵物を所定量含有せしめたうえ、再ペレット化や再固形飼料化することにより、形態を調製することができる。あるいは、上記オリーブ採油粕発酵物の所定量を、市販の餌に、単に混合するだけでもよい。 The composition for aquatic products according to the present invention contains at least a fermented olive oil cake and is for feeding the aquatic products. For example, to a dried, powdered or finely pulverized olive oil cake fermented product, a binder such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or wheat flour and water as appropriate are added, and if necessary, together with other ingredients. It can be mixed and used as a moist pellet, or it can be used as a soft type or hard type solid feed. More typically, it is in the form of aquatic food. In that case, the composition for aquatic products containing the fermented olive oil cake may be used as it is, but for example, a commercially available feed may contain a predetermined amount of the fermented olive oil cake and then. The morphology can be prepared by repelletizing or resolidifying the feed. Alternatively, a predetermined amount of the above-mentioned fermented olive oil cake may be simply mixed with a commercially available bait.
本発明にかかる水産生物用組成物は、上記した水産生物用餌の形態以外でもあり得る。例えば、餌配合用添加素材や、網やシート状,ブロック状、粒子状等であり得る水産用浮遊物、丸薬状、ワーム状等であり得る疑似餌等との共存のための、これらへの塗布体、結着体、浸体などの形態であり得る。また、オキアミ等のプランクトンや微細藻類等を含む小型生物、海藻や水生生物の摂餌対象となり得る大型動植物、それらのすり身等との共存のための、これらとの混合体、懸濁体、包接体、融合体、ないしはこれらへの塗布体、結着体、含浸体等状等の形態であり得る。更には、その他の加工・調理過程を経た形態であってもよい。この場合、当該組成物中のオリーブ採油粕発酵物の含有量としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜設定することができる。その含有量の範囲としては、例えば、当該組成物中にオリーブ採油粕発酵物を0.01〜100質量%含有する範囲を設定することができ、0.1〜90質量%含有する範囲であってもよく、1〜80質量%含有する範囲であってもよく、3〜70質量%含有する範囲であってもよく、5〜60質量%含有する範囲であってもよく、10〜50質量%含有する範囲であってもよい。 The composition for aquatic products according to the present invention may be in a form other than the above-mentioned bait for aquatic products. For example, for coexistence with additive materials for bait blending, fishery suspended matter which can be net, sheet, block, particle, etc., artificial bait which can be pill-like, worm-like, etc. It can be in the form of an applicator, a binder, an immersion body, or the like. In addition, small organisms including plankton such as oysters and microalgae, large animals and plants that can be fed by seaweeds and aquatic organisms, and mixtures, suspensions, and packages with these for coexistence with their ground bodies, etc. It may be in the form of a contact body, a fusion body, or a coating body, a binder body, an impregnated body, or the like. Further, it may be in a form that has undergone other processing / cooking processes. In this case, the content of the fermented olive oil cake in the composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set according to the purpose. As the range of the content, for example, a range in which the fermented olive oil cake is contained in the composition in an amount of 0.01 to 100% by mass can be set, and is a range in which the composition contains 0.1 to 90% by mass. It may be in the range of 1 to 80% by mass, may be in the range of 3 to 70% by mass, may be in the range of 5 to 60% by mass, and may be in the range of 10 to 50% by mass. % May be contained.
一方、本発明にかかる水産生物用組成物を餌の形態とする場合、当該水産生物用餌中のオリーブ採油粕発酵物の含有量としては、日間給餌量が体重の2%の場合は、乾燥物として0.01〜10質量%であることが好ましく、0.05〜4.0質量%であることがより好ましい。すなわち、水産生物用餌中のオリーブ採油粕発酵物の日間投与量としては、魚体重1kgあたりに2〜2000mgであることが好ましく、10〜800mgであることがより好ましい。上記範囲未満であるとオリーブ採油粕発酵物による作用効果を十分に享受できない場合がある。また、上記範囲を超えても、例えば摂餌誘因効果や生体防御活性賦活効果等について、かえってその作用効果が妨げられる場合がある。 On the other hand, when the composition for aquatic products according to the present invention is used as a feed, the content of the fermented olive oil cake in the feed for the aquatic products is dried when the daily feed amount is 2% of the body weight. The content is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 4.0% by mass. That is, the daily dose of the fermented olive oil cake in the feed for aquatic products is preferably 2 to 2000 mg per 1 kg of fish body weight, and more preferably 10 to 800 mg. If it is less than the above range, the action and effect of the fermented olive oil cake may not be fully enjoyed. Further, even if the above range is exceeded, for example, the effect of inducing feeding, the effect of activating the biological defense activity, and the like may be hindered.
一方、ナンノクロロプシスやオリーブ葉は、オリーブ採油粕発酵物と併用することにより、オリーブ採油粕発酵物による摂餌誘因効果や生体防御活性賦活効果等に対して、更により一層その効果を高めることができる。よって、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を含有する水産生物用組成物又は水産生物用餌には、更に、ナンノクロロプシス及び/又はオリーブ葉を含有せしめてもよい。これによれば、当該1剤を使用することにより、それに含有される成分の併用効果が得られる。オリーブ採油粕発酵物を含有する水産生物用組成物を餌の形態とする場合、当該水産生物用餌中に含有されるナンノクロロプシスの含有量としては、日間給餌量が体重の2%の場合は、乾燥物として0.01〜10質量%であることが好ましく、0.05〜4.0質量%であることがより好ましい。すなわち、水産生物用餌中のナンノクロロプシスの日間投与量としては、魚体重1kgあたりに2〜2000mgであることが好ましく、10〜800mgであることがより好ましい。上記範囲未満であるとナンノクロロプシスによる作用効果を十分に享受できない場合がある。また、上記範囲を超えても、例えば摂餌誘因効果や生体防御活性賦活効果等について、かえってその作用効果が妨げられる場合がある。また、オリーブ採油粕発酵物(もしくはそれと共にナンノクロロプシス)を含有する水産生物用餌中に含有されるオリーブ葉の含有量としては、日間給餌量が体重の2%の場合は、乾燥物として0.01〜10質量%であることが好ましく、0.05〜4.0質量%であることがより好ましい。すなわち、水産生物用餌中のオリーブ葉の日間投与量としては、魚体重1kgあたりに2〜2000mgであることが好ましく、10〜800mgであることがより好ましい。上記範囲未満であるとオリーブ葉による作用効果を十分に享受できない場合がある。また、上記範囲を超えても、例えば摂餌誘因効果や生体防御活性賦活効果等について、かえってその作用効果が妨げられる場合がある。また、なお、「併用」とは、複数成分を1個体に同時期に摂食させるようにすればよく、必ずしも同一剤に含有せしめることで併用する必要はなく、個別剤の形態で併用してもよいことは勿論である。 On the other hand, nannochloropsis and olive leaves can be used in combination with the fermented olive oil cake to further enhance the effects of the fermented olive oil cake on the feeding incentive effect and the biological defense activity activation effect. Can be done. Therefore, the aquatic composition or the aquatic feed containing the fermented olive oil cake may further contain nannochloropsis and / or olive leaves. According to this, by using the one agent, the combined effect of the components contained therein can be obtained. When a composition for an aquatic product containing a fermented olive oil cake is used as a feed, the content of nannochloropsis contained in the feed for the aquatic product is when the daily feed amount is 2% of the body weight. Is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 4.0% by mass as a dried product. That is, the daily dose of nannochloropsis in the bait for aquatic products is preferably 2 to 2000 mg, more preferably 10 to 800 mg per 1 kg of fish body weight. If it is less than the above range, the action and effect of Nannochloropsis may not be fully enjoyed. Further, even if the above range is exceeded, for example, the effect of inducing feeding, the effect of activating the biological defense activity, and the like may be hindered. In addition, the content of olive leaves contained in the feed for aquatic products containing the fermented olive oil cake (or nannochloropsis with it) is as a dried product when the daily feed amount is 2% of the body weight. It is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 4.0% by mass. That is, the daily dose of olive leaves in the feed for aquatic products is preferably 2 to 2000 mg per 1 kg of fish body weight, and more preferably 10 to 800 mg. If it is less than the above range, the action and effect of olive leaves may not be fully enjoyed. Further, even if the above range is exceeded, for example, the effect of inducing feeding, the effect of activating the biological defense activity, and the like may be hindered. In addition, "combination" may mean that a plurality of components are fed to one individual at the same time, and it is not always necessary to combine them by containing them in the same agent, and they are used in combination in the form of individual agents. Of course, it is also good.
本発明にかかる水産生物用組成物又は水産生物用餌には、必要に応じて任意に他の成分を配合してもよい。他の配合成分としては、乳酸菌、ユーグレナ、オリーブオイル、DHAやEPAのような高度不飽和脂肪酸、酒粕、麹、核酸,タウリン、イノシトールやカテキンやセサミン等のポリフェノール類、ホヤ殻、シクロデキストリンやα−リポ酸等の包摂体、米粉、ブロッコリースプラウト、クローバーやアルファルファ等のマメ科植物、ウメ、柑橘類、オウゴン等の生薬類、アスタキサンチン等のカロテノイド類等の他素材、あるいは、その乾燥物やエキス等が挙げられる。 The composition for aquatic products or the bait for aquatic products according to the present invention may optionally contain other components, if necessary. Other ingredients include lactic acid bacteria, euglena, olive oil, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and EPA, sake lees, koji, nucleic acids, taurine, polyphenols such as inositol, catechin and sesamine, scallops, cyclodextrin and α. -Inclusions such as lipoic acid, rice flour, broccoli sprout, legumes such as clover and alfalfa, crude drugs such as sea urchins, citrus fruits and augon, other materials such as carotenoids such as astaxanthin, or dried products and extracts thereof, etc. Can be mentioned.
本発明にかかる水産生物用組成物又は水産生物用餌の使用態様は、適用する水産生物に摂食させるようにして用いればよく、特にその使用態様に制限はない。典型的に、例えば、水槽(陸上養殖施設、生簀等も含まれる)や水域(河川、沿岸域、池、湖沼、温泉、湧水地、遊水地等も含まれる)等、特定の飼育域又は生息域で育成している水産生物に対しては、その飼育域又は生息域に上記した組成物又は餌を施与することにより、その水産生物に摂取させることができる。この場合、施与量としては、水産生物の種類や年齢、大きさによっても異なり、更には、上記した組成物又は餌に含まれる上記した、オリーブ採油粕発酵物、ナンノクロロプシス、オリーブ葉の含有量によっても異なり、一概ではないが、例えば日間投与量として、魚体重1kgあたりに2〜4000mgの施与量であれば通常許容され得、同10〜2400mgの施与量であれば通常より許容され得る。 The mode of use of the composition for aquatic products or the bait for aquatic products according to the present invention may be used so as to be fed by the applied aquatic product, and the mode of use is not particularly limited. Typically, for example, a specific breeding area such as a water tank (including aquaculture facilities, cages, etc.) and a water area (including rivers, coastal areas, ponds, lakes, hot springs, springs, playgrounds, etc.) For aquaculture products grown in a habitat, the aquaculture products can be ingested by feeding the above-mentioned composition or food to the breeding area or habitat. In this case, the amount to be applied varies depending on the type, age, and size of the aquatic product, and further, the above-mentioned fermented olive oil cake, nannochloropsis, and olive leaves contained in the above-mentioned composition or feed. It depends on the content, but it is not unconditional, but for example, as a daily dose, if the dose is 2 to 4000 mg per 1 kg of fish body weight, it is usually acceptable, and if the dose is 10 to 2400 mg, it is more than usual. Can be tolerated.
本発明が適用され得る水産生物としては、とくに制限されないが、例を挙げるとすれば、例えば、ギンザケ、ベニザケ、ニジマス、マダイ、クロダイ、トラフグ、ヒラメ、マツカワ、ホシガレイ、マコガレイ、イシガレイ、アユ、コイ、ニシキゴイ、キンギョ、ニシキゴイ、メダカ、ウナギ、ブリ・ハマチ、カンパチ、ヒラマサ、マアジ、シマアジ、クロマグロ、イシダイ、カワハギ、メバル、カサゴ、クロソイ、マサバ、マハタ、クエ、マハゼ、チョウザメ類等の魚類や、スジエビ、クルマエビ、イセエビ、テナガエビ、ケガニ、タラバガニ、ノコギリガザミ、モクズガニ、ミネフジツボ、スナモグリ等の節足動物や、キタムラサキウニ、ムラサキウニ、エゾバフンウニ、バフンウニ、アカウニ、マナマコ等の棘皮動物や、エゾアワビ、クロアワビ、メガイアワビ、マダカアワビ、トコブシ、サザエ、カキ類、ホタテ、アカガイ、アカザラガイ、ウバガイ(ホッキガイ)、アサリ、ハマグリ、シジミ、アコヤガイ、クロチョウガイ、マダコ等の軟体動物等や、マボヤ(原索動物)、ゴカイ等の環形動物、サンゴ、イソギンチャク等の刺胞動物等である。 The aquatic product to which the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited. , Nishikigoi, Goldfish, Nishikigoi, Medaka, Eel, Buri Hamachi, Kanpachi, Hiramasa, Maji, Shimaji, Black Tuna, Ishidai, Kawahagi, Mebaru, Kasago, Kurosoi, Masaba, Mahata, Que, Mahaze, Butterfly Shrimp, car shrimp, sea shrimp, tenaga shrimp, kegani, taraba crab, sawtooth crab, mokuzu crab, mine fujitsubo, snail, etc. Soft animals such as Madaka abalone, Tokobushi, Sazae, Oysters, Scallops, Red mussels, Red mussels, Spisula sachalinensis, Asari, Hamaguri, Shijimi, Akoyagai, Black butterfly, Madako, etc. , Coral, surf clams, etc.
以下実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、これらの実施例は本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but these examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.
(1)被検物質
・オリーブ採油粕:オリーブ採油粕(種有り)を凍結乾燥後、ミキサーで破砕、篩(孔サイズ2 mm)を用いて、篩を通過したもののみを選別して使用した。
・オリーブ採油粕発酵物:オリーブ採油粕(種有り)を、ビニル袋で覆い、空気との接触をやや制限した状態(酸素濃度〜15%程度)で3〜10日間程度、時折全体を混合しつつ発酵させた。凍結乾燥後、ミキサーで破砕、篩(孔サイズ2mm)を用いて、篩を通過したもののみを選別して使用した。
・オリーブ採油粕乳酸菌添加発酵物:上記のオリーブ採油粕発酵時に乳酸菌を加えて、発酵操作をおこなったものを使用した。
・ナンノクロロプシス: 市販の乾燥粉末品を使用した。
・オリーブ葉: 市販の無農薬栽培品を乾燥粉末化したものして使用した。
(1) Test substance-Olive oil cake: Olive oil cake (with seeds) was freeze-dried, crushed with a mixer, and used by selecting only those that passed through the sieve (hole size 2 mm). ..
-Olive oil cake fermented product: Olive oil cake (with seeds) is covered with a vinyl bag, and the whole is occasionally mixed for about 3 to 10 days with slightly restricted contact with air (oxygen concentration ~ 15%). Fermented while. After freeze-drying, it was crushed with a mixer, and only those that had passed through the sieve were selected and used using a sieve (pore size 2 mm).
-Olive oil cake lactic acid bacterium-added fermented product: The one obtained by adding lactic acid bacteria during the above-mentioned olive oil cake fermentation and performing a fermentation operation was used.
-Nannochloropsis: A commercially available dry powder product was used.
-Olive leaf: A commercially available pesticide-free cultivated product was used as a dry powder.
(2)試験用餌の調製
各種の被検物質を配合した試験用餌を調製した。具体的には、市販餌を粉末化し、被検物質を添加して、結着剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と水を加えてよく混合し、 再ペレット化してソフトタイプの固形飼料とした。対照餌としては、被験物質を添加しない以外は同様にして、市販餌を再ペレット化してソフトタイプの固形飼料としたものを用いた。餌は、原則として3日〜1週間毎に必要分を調製して、−30℃あるいは−80℃で冷凍保存しおき、用時に解凍して給餌した。以下には、使用した市販餌を、対象魚種と飼育態様ごとに示す。
(2) Preparation of test food A test food containing various test substances was prepared. Specifically, the commercially available feed was pulverized, a test substance was added, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder and water were added, mixed well, and repelletized to obtain a soft type solid feed. As the control feed, a soft-type solid feed was used by reselling the commercially available feed in the same manner except that the test substance was not added. As a general rule, the required amount of food was prepared every 3 days to 1 week, stored frozen at -30 ° C or -80 ° C, thawed at the time of use, and fed. The commercially available baits used are shown below for each target fish species and breeding mode.
・淡水飼育(アユ、ギンザケ):市販のマス用飼料(アスタキサンチン無添加)
・海水飼育(トラフグ):市販のマス用飼料(アスタキサンチン無添加)
・海水飼育(ギンザケ、マダイ):市販のアスタキサンチン含有ギンザケ用飼料
・海水飼育(ヒラメ):市販のヒラメ用飼料(アスタキサンチン無添加)
・淡水飼育(スジエビ):市販のマス用飼料(アスタキサンチン無添加)
・海水飼育(キタムラサキウニ、エゾアワビ):市販のマス用飼料(アスタキサンチン無添加)
・ Freshwater breeding (sweetfish, coho salmon): Commercially available trout feed (without astaxanthin)
・ Seawater breeding (Takifugu): Commercially available trout feed (without astaxanthin)
・ Seawater breeding (coho salmon, red sea bream): Commercially available feed for coho salmon containing astaxanthin ・ Seawater breeding (flatfish): Commercially available feed for flatfish (without astaxanthin added)
・ Freshwater breeding (Prawn): Commercially available trout feed (without astaxanthin)
・ Seawater breeding (Kitamurasakiuni, Ezo abalone): Commercially available trout feed (without astaxanthin)
魚類の飼育試験については、日間給餌量が体重の2%になるように設定し、市販飼料への添加量・混合量は、各種被検物質の総量にして1.75〜3.5質量%相当量(魚体重1kgあたりの摂取量は、各種被検物質の総量にして350〜700mgとなるような条件下)で実施した。なお、原則として各種被検物質の2種以上を併用する場合、その配合割合は、オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシスでは、混合比は3:1とし、オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉では、混合比は3:1:3)とした。また、摂餌誘因試験については、市販飼料への各種試験物の添加量・混合量はオリーブ採油粕発酵物が1.5%、ナンノクロロプシスが0.5%、オリーブ葉は1.5%質量%相当量となるような条件下で実施した。 In the fish breeding test, the daily feed amount was set to 2% of the body weight, and the amount added / mixed to the commercial feed was 1.75 to 3.5% by mass in total of various test substances. It was carried out in a considerable amount (the intake per 1 kg of fish body weight was under the condition that the total amount of various test substances was 350 to 700 mg). As a general rule, when two or more kinds of test substances are used in combination, the mixing ratio of olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis is 3: 1 and the mixing ratio is olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis. For + olive leaves, the mixing ratio was 3: 1: 3). Regarding the feeding incentive test, the amount of various test substances added to the commercial feed was 1.5% for fermented olive oil cake, 0.5% for nannochloropsis, and 1.5% for olive leaves. It was carried out under the condition that the amount was equivalent to mass%.
[試験例1]
各種の魚類を飼育したときの摂餌行動について調べた。
[Test Example 1]
We investigated the feeding behavior of various fish when they were bred.
1.ギンザケ(Oncorhynchus kisutsh)
1−1.淡水飼育(水温14℃)
容量2トンの循環ろ過式水槽内に容量60Lの複数個の水槽を設置し、14℃に調整した淡水を巡らせた。各60L水槽に10尾のギンザケ(体重:約50g)を収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(7種類、表1参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から投与した餌が完全に消失するまでの時間(摂餌所要時間)を計測した。
1. 1. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutsh)
1-1. Freshwater breeding (water temperature 14 ° C)
A plurality of water tanks having a capacity of 60 L were installed in a circulation filtration type water tank having a capacity of 2 tons, and fresh water adjusted to 14 ° C. was circulated. Each 60L aquarium contains 10 ginseng (body weight: about 50g), and test baits (7 types, see Table 1) containing various test substances are contained in each aquarium per day. The dose was administered so as to be equivalent to% (daily dose is 2% body weight), and the time from feed administration to complete disappearance of the administered feed (feeding time) was measured.
1−2.海水飼育(水温15〜18℃)
海水かけ流しの容量15トンの陸上養殖用コンクリート製水槽に、ギンザケ(体重:約800g)を30尾ずつ収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(7種類、表1参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から投与した餌が完全に消失するまでの時間(摂餌所要時間)を計測した。実験水温は15〜18℃であった。
1-2. Seawater breeding (water temperature 15-18 ° C)
30 ginseng (weight: about 800 g) are housed in a concrete aquarium for land cultivation with a capacity of 15 tons, and a test bait (7 types, see Table 1) containing various test substances is placed. It is administered so that it is equivalent to 2% by mass of the total body weight of the fish accommodated in each aquarium per day (daily dose is 2% body weight), and the time from feeding to the complete disappearance of the administered food (feeding time). ) Was measured. The experimental water temperature was 15-18 ° C.
1−3.海水飼育(水温19〜22℃) 1-3. Seawater breeding (water temperature 19-22 ° C)
上記(1−2.)の海水飼育と同様にして、実験水温が19〜22℃となる時期に試験を行った。 Similar to the seawater breeding in (1-2.) Above, the test was conducted when the experimental water temperature was 19 to 22 ° C.
2.マダイ(Pagrus major)
20℃に調整した海水を容量60Lの循環ろ過式水槽に満たし、各水槽に8尾のマダイ稚魚(体長:約80mm)を収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(7種類、表1参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から投与した餌が完全に消失するまでの時間(摂餌所要時間)を計測した。
2. Red sea bream (Pagrus major)
A 60-liter circulating filtration-type aquarium is filled with seawater adjusted to 20 ° C. Eight juvenile Madai fish (body length: about 80 mm) are stored in each aquarium, and test baits (7 types, table) containing various test substances are mixed. 1) is administered so as to be equivalent to 2% by mass of the total body weight of the fish accommodated in each aquarium per day (daily dose is 2% body weight), and the time from bait administration to complete disappearance of the administered bait. (Time required for feeding) was measured.
3.トラフグ(Takifugu rubripes)
20℃に調整した海水を容量60Lの循環ろ過式水槽に満たし、各水槽に7尾のトラフグ稚魚(体長約:80mm)を収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(7種類、表1参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から投与した餌が完全に消失するまでの時間(摂餌所要時間)を計測した。
3. 3. Takifugu rubripes
Seawater adjusted to 20 ° C is filled in a circulation filtration type aquarium with a capacity of 60 L, and each aquarium contains 7 juvenile troughs (body length: about 80 mm), and a test bait (7 types, table) containing various test substances. 1) is administered so as to be equivalent to 2% by mass of the total body weight of the fish accommodated in each aquarium per day (daily dose is 2% body weight), and the time from bait administration to complete disappearance of the administered bait. (Time required for feeding) was measured.
4.ヒラメ(Paralichthys olivaceus)
容量2トンの海水かけ流し式の陸上養殖水槽で飼育したヒラメを、同容量の循環ろ過式水槽内に設置した容量60Lの水槽に移入し、20℃に調整した海水を巡らせた状態で10日間飼育後に摂餌行動に係る試験を実施した。すなわち、各60L水槽に5尾のヒラメ(体重:約200g)を収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(5種類、表1参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から投与した餌が完全に消失するまでの時間(摂餌所要時間)を計測した。実験水温は20℃であった。
4. Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Sole raised in a 2 ton capacity seawater aquaculture tank is transferred to a 60 L capacity tank installed in a circulation filtration tank of the same capacity, and is circulated in seawater adjusted to 20 ° C for 10 days. After breeding, a test related to feeding behavior was conducted. That is, 5 flatfish (body weight: about 200 g) are stored in each 60 L aquarium, and a test bait (5 types, see Table 1) containing various test substances is contained in each aquarium per day. It was administered so as to be equivalent to 2% by mass (daily dose is 2% body weight), and the time from food administration to complete disappearance of the administered food (feeding time) was measured. The experimental water temperature was 20 ° C.
5.アユ(Plecoglossus altivelis)
容量2トンの循環ろ過式水槽内に容量60Lの複数個の水槽を設置し、20℃に調整した淡水を巡らせた。各60L水槽に10尾のアユ(体重:約50g)を収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(4種類、表1参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から投与した餌が完全に消失するまでの時間(摂餌所要時間)を計測した。実験水温は20℃であった。
5. Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)
A plurality of water tanks having a capacity of 60 L were installed in a circulation filtration type water tank having a capacity of 2 tons, and fresh water adjusted to 20 ° C. was circulated. Each 60L aquarium contains 10 ayu (body weight: about 50g), and test baits (4 types, see Table 1) containing various test substances are contained in each aquarium per day. The dose was administered so as to be equivalent to% (daily dose is 2% body weight), and the time from feed administration to complete disappearance of the administered feed (feeding time) was measured. The experimental water temperature was 20 ° C.
表1には、餌投与から餌が完全に消失するまでの摂餌所要時間について、対照餌を投与したときの値を100としたときの相対値で示す。具体的には、5回の試験において算出された摂餌所要時間の平均相対値を、統計的有意差とともに示す。 Table 1 shows the time required for feeding from the administration of the food to the complete disappearance of the food as a relative value when the value when the control food is administered is 100. Specifically, the average relative value of the feeding time calculated in the five tests is shown together with the statistically significant difference.
その結果、表1に示されるように、以下のことが明らかとなった。
(1)オリーブ採油粕の未発酵物を配合した餌では、試験した魚種において、対照餌と比較したときの摂餌活動の増加がほとんどみられなかった。
(2)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合した餌では、いくつか魚種及び飼育態様、例えばギンザケの淡水飼育(水温14℃)、ギンザケの海水飼育(水温15〜18℃)、ヒラメの海水飼育(水温20℃)の飼育態様において、対照餌に比べて、摂餌活動の増加傾向がみられた。
(3)ナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌では、いくつか魚種及び飼育態様、例えばギンザケの海水飼育(水温15〜18℃)、ヒラメの海水飼育(水温20℃)の飼育態様において、対照餌に比べて、摂餌活動の増加傾向がみられた。
(4)オリーブ葉を配合した餌では、試験した魚種において、対照餌と比較したときの摂餌活動の増加がほとんど得られなかった。
(5)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌では、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を単独で配合した場合や、ナンノクロロプシスを単独で配合した場合に比べて、対照餌と比較したときの摂餌活動の増加効果がより顕著にみられた。
(6)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシス及びオリーブ葉を配合した餌では、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を単独で配合した場合や、ナンノクロロプシスを単独で配合した場合や、オリーブ採油粕発酵物及びナンノクロロプシスの2種を配合した場合に比べて、対照餌と比較したときの摂餌活動の増加効果が更により顕著にみられた。
As a result, as shown in Table 1, the following became clear.
(1) In the diet containing the unfermented olive oil cake, there was almost no increase in feeding activity in the tested fish species as compared with the control diet.
(2) In the bait containing the fermented olive oil cake, some fish species and breeding modes, such as freshwater breeding of coho salmon (water temperature 14 ° C), seawater breeding of coho salmon (water temperature 15-18 ° C), and seawater breeding of flatfish. In the breeding mode (
(3) The bait containing nannochloropsis can be used as a control bait in some fish species and breeding modes, for example, seawater breeding of coho salmon (water temperature 15-18 ° C) and seawater breeding of flatfish (
(4) In the diet containing olive leaves, almost no increase in feeding activity was obtained in the tested fish species as compared with the control diet.
(5) In the bait containing the fermented olive oil cake and further containing nannochloropsis, the control was compared with the case where the fermented olive oil cake was mixed alone or the case where the fermented nannochloropsis was mixed alone. The effect of increasing feeding activity was more pronounced when compared to food.
(6) In a diet containing a fermented olive oil cake and further containing nannochloropsis and olive leaves, the fermented olive oil cake alone may be blended, or nannochloropsis alone may be blended. Compared with the case where two kinds of olive oil cake fermented product and nannochloropsis were blended, the effect of increasing the feeding activity when compared with the control diet was even more remarkable.
[試験例2]
スジエビ(Palaemon paucidens)を飼育したときの摂餌行動について調べた。具体的には、20℃に調整した淡水を容量20Lの循環ろ過式水槽に満たし、各水槽に5尾のスジエビ(体長:約50mm)を収容し、各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(7種類、表2参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、餌投与から1分間以内に摂餌行動を起こした個体数を計数した。
[Test Example 2]
We investigated the feeding behavior of prawns (Palaemon paucidens) when they were bred. Specifically, a test bait (test bait) containing fresh water adjusted to 20 ° C. in a circulation filtration type aquarium with a capacity of 20 L, containing 5 streaks (body length: about 50 mm) in each aquarium, and containing various test substances. 7 types (see Table 2) were administered to each aquarium per day so as to be equivalent to 2% by mass of the total fish body weight (daily dose is 2% body weight), and feeding behavior within 1 minute after feeding. The number of individuals who caused the disease was counted.
表2には、餌投与から1分間以内に摂餌行動を起こした個体数について、対照餌を投与したときの値を100としたときの相対値で示す。具体的には、6回の試験において算出された摂餌行動を起こした個体数の平均相対値を、統計的有意差とともに示す。 Table 2 shows the relative values of the number of individuals who took a feeding behavior within 1 minute after the feeding, when the value when the control feeding was administered was set to 100. Specifically, the average relative value of the number of individuals who have undergone feeding behavior calculated in the six tests is shown together with a statistically significant difference.
その結果、表2に示されるように、以下のことが明らかとなった。
(1)オリーブ採油粕の未発酵物を配合した餌では、対照餌と比較したとき、摂食行動を起こした個体数の増加がみられず、むしろ阻害の傾向がみられた。
(2)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合した餌では、対照餌に比べて、摂食行動を起こした個体数の増加傾向がみられた。
(3)ナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌では、対照餌と比較したとき、摂食行動を起こした個体数の増加がみられず、むしろ阻害の傾向がみられた。
(4)オリーブ葉を配合した餌では、対照餌と比較したとき、摂食行動を起こした個体数の増加がほとんどみられなかった。
(5)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌では、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を単独で配合した場合や、ナンノクロロプシスを単独で配合した場合に比べて、摂食行動を起こした個体数の増加がより顕著にみられた。
(6)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシス及びオリーブ葉を配合した餌では、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を単独で配合した場合や、ナンノクロロプシスを単独で配合した場合や、オリーブ採油粕発酵物及びナンノクロロプシスの2種を配合した場合に比べて、摂食行動を起こした個体数の増加が更により顕著にみられた。
As a result, as shown in Table 2, the following became clear.
(1) When compared with the control diet, the diet containing the unfermented olive oil cake did not show an increase in the number of individuals who took feeding behavior, but rather tended to inhibit it.
(2) In the diet containing the fermented olive oil cake, the number of individuals who took feeding behavior tended to increase as compared with the control diet.
(3) When compared with the control diet, the diet containing nannochloropsis did not show an increase in the number of individuals who took feeding behavior, but rather tended to inhibit it.
(4) When compared with the control diet, the diet containing olive leaves showed almost no increase in the number of individuals who had fed.
(5) In a diet containing a fermented olive oil cake and further containing nannochloropsis, the intake is higher than when the fermented olive oil cake is mixed alone or when nannochloropsis is added alone. The increase in the number of individuals who ate was more pronounced.
(6) In a diet containing a fermented olive oil cake and further containing nannochloropsis and olive leaves, the fermented olive oil cake alone may be blended, or nannochloropsis alone may be blended. Compared with the combination of the fermented olive oil cake and the nannochloropsis, the increase in the number of individuals who took the feeding behavior was even more remarkable.
[試験例3]
キタムラサキウニ(Strongylocentrotus nudus)を飼育したときの摂餌行動について調べた。具体的には、20℃に調整した人工海水を容量約14Lの容器(繊維強化プラスチックFRP製のバット:481×335×87H mm)に満たし、対照餌と3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)に加え、採油粕未発酵物混合餌、採油粕発酵物混合餌、ナンノクロロプシス混合餌、オリーブ葉混合餌、2種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス)の5種類のうちのいずれかを、試験動物であるキタムラサキウニの管足が届く距離にあり、試験動物を取り巻く円周上に等間隔に配置し(餌0.3〜0.5gずつを三角形の頂点に当たる位置に配置し、試験動物1個体を餌の三角形の重心に配位し)、10分間に餌に向かっての管足を伸長する伸長本数を観察した。なお、試験は、通気を止めて容器内に外的な要因に伴う水流が発生しない状態で行った(試験時の溶存酸素濃度は6.0mg/L以上)。
[Test Example 3]
We investigated the feeding behavior of Kitamurasakiuni (Strongylocentrotus nudus) when they were bred. Specifically, artificial seawater adjusted to 20 ° C. is filled in a container with a capacity of about 14 L (fiber-reinforced plastic FRP bat: 481 x 335 x 87 H mm), and a control bait and a three-kind mixed bait (olive oil-collected lees fermented product) are filled. + Nannochloropsis + Olive leaf), oil-collected lees unfermented mixed bait, oil-collected lees fermented mixed bait, Nannochloropsis mixed bait, olive leaf mixed bait, 2 kinds of mixed bait (olive oil-mineralized lees fermented product + Nannochloro One of the five types of psis) is located within the reach of the tube foot of the test animal, Kitamurasakiuni, and is placed at equal intervals on the circumference surrounding the test animal (feed 0.3 to 0.5 g each). One test animal was placed at the position corresponding to the apex of the triangle, and one test animal was positioned at the center of gravity of the food triangle), and the number of elongated tubes extending toward the food was observed for 10 minutes. The test was carried out in a state where ventilation was stopped and no water flow due to an external factor was generated in the container (dissolved oxygen concentration at the time of the test was 6.0 mg / L or more).
表3には、管足伸長本数の結果を、対照餌を投与したときの値を100としたときの相対値で示す。具体的には、各試験用餌の組合せにおいて試験動物3個体ないし7個体の試験によって得られた平均相対値を、統計的有意差とともに示す。 Table 3 shows the results of the number of tube feet extended as relative values when the value when the control bait was administered was set to 100. Specifically, the average relative value obtained by the test of 3 to 7 test animals in each test diet combination is shown together with a statistically significant difference.
その結果、表3に示されるように、以下のことが明らかとなった。
(1)オリーブ採油粕の未発酵物を配合した餌では、対照餌と比較したとき、餌に対する管足の伸長数の増加がみられず、むしろ阻害の傾向がみられた。
(2)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合した餌では、対照餌に比べて、餌に対する管足の伸長数の増加傾向がみられた。
(3)ナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌では、対照餌に比べて、餌に対する管足の伸長数の増加傾向がみられた。
(4)オリーブ葉を配合した餌では、対照餌と比較したとき、餌に対する管足の伸長数の増加がみられず、むしろ阻害の傾向がみられた。
(5)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌では、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を単独で配合した場合や、ナンノクロロプシスを単独で配合した場合に比べて、餌に対する管足の伸長数の増加がより顕著にみられた。
(6)オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシス及びオリーブ葉を配合した餌では、オリーブ採油粕発酵物を単独で配合した場合や、ナンノクロロプシスを単独で配合した場合や、オリーブ採油粕発酵物及びナンノクロロプシスの2種を配合した場合に比べて、餌に対する管足の伸長数の増加が更により顕著にみられた。
As a result, as shown in Table 3, the following became clear.
(1) In the diet containing the unfermented olive oil cake, the number of tube feet extended with respect to the diet did not increase as compared with the control diet, but rather tended to be inhibited.
(2) In the bait containing the fermented olive oil cake, the number of tube feet extended with respect to the bait tended to increase as compared with the control bait.
(3) In the bait containing nannochloropsis, the number of tube feet extended with respect to the bait tended to increase as compared with the control bait.
(4) When compared with the control diet, the diet containing olive leaves did not show an increase in the number of tube feet elongated with respect to the diet, but rather tended to inhibit.
(5) In the feed containing the fermented olive oil cake and further containing nannochloropsis, the feed is different from the case where the fermented olive oil cake is mixed alone or the case where the fermented nannochloropsis is mixed alone. The increase in the number of tube feet extended was more remarkable.
(6) In a diet containing a fermented olive oil cake and further containing nannochloropsis and olive leaves, the fermented olive oil cake alone may be added, or nannochloropsis may be added alone. Compared with the case where two kinds of olive oil cake fermented product and nannochloropsis were blended, the increase in the number of extension of the tube legs with respect to the feed was even more remarkable.
なお、キタムラサキウニが今回の餌を摂餌すること、及び、上記2種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス)、あるいは、上記3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与した場合に、対照餌に比べてその摂餌活性が高まることは、全面ガラス張りの水槽内(海水温20℃)及び海水かけ流し式の陸上養殖水槽内(水温14〜23℃)に収容したキタムラサキウニにより、別途確認した。
In addition, Kitamurasakiuni feeds this bait, and the above two kinds of mixed bait (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis) or the above three kinds of mixed bait (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis +) When (olive leaf) is administered, the feeding activity is enhanced as compared with the control bait in the whole glass-walled water tank (
[試験例4] [Test Example 4]
エゾアワビ(Haliotis discus hannai)を飼育したときの摂餌行動について調べた。具体的には、20℃に調整した人工海水を容量約14Lの容器(繊維強化プラスチックFRP製のバット:481×335×87H mm)に満たし、対照餌と、他の2種類の試験用餌のそれぞれを一対ずつ組にして(表4参照)、その餌0.3〜0.5gずつを試験動物の触角近くの左右に配置し、10分間、摂餌のための移動方向を観察した。なお、試験は、通気を止めて容器内に外的な要因に伴う水流が発生しない状態で行った(試験時の溶存酸素濃度は6.0mg/L以上)。 We investigated the feeding behavior of Ezo abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) when they were bred. Specifically, artificial seawater adjusted to 20 ° C. is filled in a container with a capacity of about 14 L (fiber reinforced plastic FRP bat: 481 x 335 x 87 H mm), and the control bait and the other two types of test baits are prepared. Each pair was paired (see Table 4), and 0.3 to 0.5 g of the food was placed on the left and right near the tactile angle of the test animal, and the movement direction for feeding was observed for 10 minutes. The test was carried out in a state where ventilation was stopped and no water flow due to an external factor was generated in the container (dissolved oxygen concentration at the time of the test was 6.0 mg / L or more).
結果を表4に示す。 The results are shown in Table 4.
その結果、表4に示されるように、オリーブ採油粕発酵物及びナンノクロロプシスを配合した餌(2種混合餌)と、オリーブ採油粕の発酵物を配合し、更にナンノクロロプシス及びオリーブ葉を配合した餌(3種混合餌)では、これらの餌が、エゾアワビの餌方向への移動行動の誘因とることが明らかとなった。 As a result, as shown in Table 4, a feed containing an olive oil cake fermented product and nannochloropsis (two-kind mixed feed) and a fermented olive oil cake were mixed, and nannochloropsis and olive leaves were further added. In the mixed bait (three-kind mixed bait), it was clarified that these baits induce the movement behavior of the olive cake in the feeding direction.
なお、エゾアワビが今回の餌を摂餌すること、及び、上記2種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス)、あるいは、上記3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与した場合に、対照餌に比べてその摂餌活性が高まることは、全面ガラス張りの水槽内(海水温20℃)及び海水かけ流し式の陸上養殖水槽内(水温14〜24℃)に収容したエゾアワビにより、別途確認した。
In addition, Ezo abalone feeds this bait, and the above two kinds of mixed bait (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis) or the above three kinds of mixed bait (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis +) When (olive leaves) are administered, the feeding activity is enhanced as compared with the control bait in the whole glass-walled water tank (
[試験例5]
各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌の投与が、ギンザケの生体防御活性に及ぼす影響について調べた。
[Test Example 5]
We investigated the effect of administration of test food containing various test substances on the biological defense activity of coho salmon.
1.淡水飼育(水温14℃)
容量2トンの循環ろ過式水槽内に容量60Lの複数個の水槽を設置し、14℃に調整した淡水を巡らせた。各60L水槽に10尾のギンザケ(体重:約50g)を収容し、市販のマス用飼料(アスタキサンチン無添加)に各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(7種類、表5参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容魚体重の2%質量相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与して4週間(週6日間の24日間給餌)飼育し、餌の違いが魚の生体防御活性に及ぼす影響を調べた(各被検物質の総量の日間給餌量は400mg/kg体重に調製して投与試験を実施)。
1. 1. Freshwater breeding (water temperature 14 ° C)
A plurality of water tanks having a capacity of 60 L were installed in a circulation filtration type water tank having a capacity of 2 tons, and fresh water adjusted to 14 ° C. was circulated. Each 60L water tank contains 10 coho salmon (body weight: about 50g), and 1 test feed (7 types, see Table 5) in which various test substances are mixed with a commercially available trout feed (without astaxanthin). It is administered so that it is equivalent to 2% of the body weight of the coho salmon (daily dose is 2% body weight) for each water tank per day, and is bred for 4 weeks (feeding for 24 days 6 days a week). The effect on activity was investigated (the total daily feed amount of each test substance was adjusted to 400 mg / kg body weight and the administration test was conducted).
2.海水飼育(水温6〜12℃)
海水かけ流しの容量15トンの陸上養殖用コンクリート製水槽に、ギンザケ(体重:約200g)を60尾ずつ収容し、市販のアスタキサンチン含有ギンザケ用飼料に各種被検物質を配合した試験用餌(5種類、表6参照)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量になるように投与して4週間(週6日間の24日間給餌)飼育し、餌の違いが魚の生体防御活性に及ぼす影響を調べた(各被検物質の総量の日間給餌量は400 mg/kg体重に調製して投与試験を実施)。
2. Seawater breeding (water temperature 6-12 ° C)
A test bait (5) in which 60 coho salmon (weight: about 200 g) are housed in a concrete water tank for land-based aquaculture with a capacity of 15 tons, which is fed with seawater, and various test substances are mixed with a commercially available astaxanthin-containing coho salmon feed. (See Table 6 for the type) was administered to each water tank per day so that the amount was equivalent to 2% by mass of the total body weight of the coho salmon, and the animals were bred for 4 weeks (feeding for 24 days 6 days a week). The effect on the protective activity was investigated (the total daily feed amount of each test substance was adjusted to 400 mg / kg body weight and the administration test was conducted).
(測定項目)
4週間の飼育試験終了後、各群より5尾の魚を取り上げ、各種生体防御活性指標を調査した。各種生体防御活性指標の測定法は以下の通りである。
(Measurement item)
After the 4-week breeding test, 5 fish were picked up from each group and various biodefense activity indexes were investigated. The methods for measuring various biodefense activity indexes are as follows.
・顆粒球の貪食活性:0.8%NaCl液中にザイモザン(シグマ社製)を0.5mg/mL となるよう懸濁させた後、超音波処理によって均一化した同液と全血を等量ずつ混合し、20℃で 40分間、振とう条件下で反応させた。反応終了後、均一化した反応液の一部をスライドグラスに滴下し、直ちに塗抹、風乾した後、メイグリュンワルド・ギムザ染色を施して検鏡した。貪食能は100個の顆粒球を観察し、貪食率(%)を(ザイモザンを食した顆粒球数/観察した顆粒球数)×100として求めた。 -Granulocyte phagocytosis activity: After suspending Zymosan (manufactured by Sigma) at 0.5 mg / mL in 0.8% NaCl solution, the solution homogenized by sonication and whole blood are equalized. The mixture was mixed in portions and reacted at 20 ° C. for 40 minutes under shaking conditions. After completion of the reaction, a part of the homogenized reaction solution was dropped on a slide glass, immediately smeared and air-dried, and then stained with Maygrunwald Giemsa and examined under a microscope. The phagocytic ability was determined by observing 100 granulocytes and determining the phagocytosis rate (%) as (the number of granulocytes that ate Zymosan / the number of observed granulocytes) × 100.
・ポテンシャルキリング(PK)活性:全血50μLを毛細管に充填して, 一端をヘマトシール(粘土)で閉じた後、ヘマトクリット遠心機を用いて、1,000×gで5分間の遠心操作を行った後、毛細管にできた赤血球と白血球の間を赤血球層が入らないように注意しつつ切断し、白血球層を含む血漿分画をサンプルカップ等に流し出した。このサンプルカップに、50μLの生理食塩水を加えてよくピペッティングをした後、同懸濁液を15μLずつ2本の新しいサンプルカップに取り、その一方にはNBT溶液(ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム(NBT)を2mg/mL の割合で生理食塩水に加えたもの)を15μL、他方にはNBT溶液にザイモザンを5mg/mLの割合で加えたもの(ザイモザン含有NBT溶液)を15μL加え、よく混和後、1時間室温下で静置した。その後、両方のサンプルカップに、ジメチルホルムアミド(原液)400μLを加え、よく混和してから、1,000×gで15分間遠心分離し、上清分画を分離・採取した。この上清250μLを石英マイクロセルに取り、540nmにて吸光度を測定し、下記式により、ポテンシャルキリング(PK)活性を算出した。
ポテンシャルキリング(PK)活性=(ジメチルホルムアミドを加えたザイモザン含有NBT溶液の吸光度)−(ジメチルホルムアミドを加えたNBT溶液の吸光度)
-Potential killing (PK) activity: Capillaries were filled with 50 μL of whole blood, one end was closed with hematocrit (clay), and then centrifuged at 1,000 × g for 5 minutes using a hematocrit centrifuge. After that, the erythrocytes and leukocytes formed in the capillaries were cut while being careful not to enter the erythrocyte layer, and the plasma fraction containing the leukocyte layer was poured into a sample cup or the like. To this sample cup, add 50 μL of saline and pipette well, then take the suspension in two new sample cups of 15 μL each, one of which is NBT solution (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)). 15 μL of 2 mg / mL of saline (added to physiological saline), and 15 μL of zymozan added to the NBT solution at a rate of 5 mg / mL (Zymozan-containing NBT solution), mixed well for 1 hour. It was allowed to stand at room temperature. Then, 400 μL of dimethylformamide (stock solution) was added to both sample cups, mixed well, and then centrifuged at 1,000 × g for 15 minutes to separate and collect the supernatant fraction. 250 μL of this supernatant was placed in a quartz microcell, the absorbance was measured at 540 nm, and the potential killing (PK) activity was calculated by the following formula.
Potential killing (PK) activity = (absorbance of zymozan-containing NBT solution to which dimethylformamide has been added)-(absorbance of NBT solution to which dimethylformamide has been added)
・ACH50値(補体活性):10mM EGTA・Mg・GVB(pH 7.8)で希釈した試験魚の血清希釈・定容した液に、ウサギの赤血球浮遊液を加えて15℃で2時間反応させた後、10 mM EDTA・GVB液を加えて反応を止め、3,000rpmで5分間遠心後、上清の吸光度(OD414)から溶血率を求め、4×107個のウサギ赤血球の50%を溶血させうる数値を1単位(ACH50 unit)として算出した。 -ACH50 value (complement activity): Serum dilution of test fish diluted with 10 mM EGTA, Mg, GVB (pH 7.8) -To the constant volume solution, add rabbit erythrocyte suspension and react at 15 ° C for 2 hours. After that, add 10 mM EDTA / GVB solution to stop the reaction, centrifuge at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes, determine the hemolysis rate from the absorbance (OD414) of the supernatant, and obtain 50% of 4 × 10 7 rabbit erythrocytes. The value that can be hemolyzed was calculated as one unit (ACH50 unit).
・抗酸化活性 Antioxidant:ケイマンケミカル社製のAntioxidant Assay Kit を用いて、血漿試料の抗酸化能を調べた。具体的には、metmyoglobin によるABTS(2, 2'-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate])のABTS+への酸化反応を阻害する活性を指標に,抗酸化能を測定した。 -Antioxidant activity Antioxidant: The antioxidant capacity of plasma samples was examined using the Antioxidant Assay Kit manufactured by Cayman Chemical Co., Ltd. Specifically, the antioxidant capacity was measured using the activity of metmyoglobin to inhibit the oxidation reaction of ABTS (2, 2'-azino-di- [3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate]) to ABTS +.
表5には、淡水飼育ギンザケを対象とした飼育試験(餌にアスタキサンチンを含まず)結果について、また表6には、海水飼育ギンザケを対象とした飼育試験(餌にアスタキサンチンを含む)結果を、各測定項目について、対照餌を投与したときの値を100として、各群から得られた魚の生体防御指標の平均相対値を、統計的有意差とともに示す。 Table 5 shows the results of the breeding test (without astaxanthin in the diet) for freshwater-fed coho salmon, and Table 6 shows the results of the breeding test (with astaxanthin in the diet) for seawater-fed coho salmon. For each measurement item, the average relative value of the biodefense index of fish obtained from each group is shown together with a statistically significant difference, where the value when the control bait is administered is 100.
その結果、表5に示されるように、採油粕発酵物混合餌、採油粕乳酸菌添加発酵物混合餌、ナンノクロロプシス混合餌、2種混合餌(採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス)、又は3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与すると、対照餌に比べて、細胞性免疫(生体防御)の指標である顆粒球貪食活性とポテンシャルキリング(PK)活性が活性化されることに加えて、液性免疫機構に含まれる補体活性も、対照餌に比べて、有意に高い値を示すことが分かった。更に、少なくともナンノクロロプシス、2種混合餌(採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス)、又は3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与した群では、血漿の抗酸化活性が有意に高まった。抗酸化活性の上昇は、鮮度保持(赤筋部分の酸化的褐色化反応や脂質酸化等による鮮度低下や味の劣化等を防ぐ)や魚類の抗病性に正の効果を付与することから、この結果は当該組成物の経口投与が魚類の生体防御活性を高めるのみでなく、取り上げ後の品質低下を抑制する作用を付与し得ること(酸化・変色しにくい肉質に改善されること)を示唆するものであった。 As a result, as shown in Table 5, the oil-collected cake fermented product mixed feed, the oil-collected cake lactic acid bacteria-added fermented product mixed feed, the nannochloropsis mixed feed, the two kinds of mixed feed (oil-collected cake fermented product + nannochloropsis), or 3 When a mixed seed diet (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) is administered, granulocyte phagocytosis activity and potential killing (PK) activity, which are indicators of cellular immunity (biological defense), are increased as compared with the control diet. In addition to being activated, the complement activity contained in the humoral immune system was also found to be significantly higher than that of the control diet. Furthermore, in the group administered with at least nannochloropsis, a two-kind mixed diet (fermented oil cake + nannochloropsis), or a three-kind mixed diet (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaf), plasma anti-plasma Oxidation activity was significantly increased. The increase in antioxidant activity has a positive effect on maintaining freshness (preventing oxidative browning reaction of red streaks, deterioration of freshness and deterioration of taste due to lipid oxidation, etc.) and anti-disease of fish. This result suggests that oral administration of the composition not only enhances the biological defense activity of fish, but can also impart an effect of suppressing deterioration of quality after picking up (improvement to meat quality that is less likely to be oxidized or discolored). It was something to do.
また、表6に示されるように、表5に示された淡水飼育の結果同様に、海水飼育においても同様の結果が得られた。すなわち、採油粕発酵物混合餌、ナンノクロロプシス混合餌、オリーブ葉混合餌、2種混合餌(採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス)を投与すると、対照餌に比べて、細胞性免疫(生体防御)の指標である顆粒球貪食活性とポテンシャルキリング(PK)活性が活性化されること、又は3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与すると、細胞性免疫に加えて液性免疫機構に含まれる補体活性も、対照餌に比べて、有意に高い値を示すことが分かった。なお、本飼育試験では、抗酸化物質であるアスタキサンチンが餌に含まれていたこともあり、血漿の抗酸化活性に有意な変化は認められなかった。 Further, as shown in Table 6, similar results were obtained in seawater breeding as well as in freshwater breeding shown in Table 5. That is, when the oil cake fermented product mixed diet, the nannochloropsis mixed diet, the olive leaf mixed diet, and the two kinds of mixed diet (oiled cake fermented product + nannochloropsis) are administered, cellular immunity (biological defense) is compared with the control diet. ) Is activated in granulocyte phagocytosis activity and potential killing (PK) activity, or when a three-kind mixed diet (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) is administered, it becomes cellular immunity. In addition, the complement activity contained in the humoral immune system was also found to be significantly higher than that of the control diet. In this breeding test, astaxanthin, which is an antioxidant, was contained in the diet, and no significant change was observed in the antioxidant activity of plasma.
[試験例6]
3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)の投与が、マダイ稚魚の生体防御活性に及ぼす影響について調べた。具体的には、20℃に調整した海水を容量60Lの循環ろ過式水槽に満たした水槽を2槽用意し、各水槽に8尾のマダイ稚魚(体長:約55mm)を収容した。対照餌又は3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与し、4週間飼育した。4週間後、魚を取り上げて体重計測後、ヘパリン処理した注射器を用いて尾部血管より採血し、赤血球数、顆粒球貪食活性、及びNBT還元(殺菌)活性を測定した。
[Test Example 6]
The effect of administration of a three-kind mixed diet (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) on the biological defense activity of juvenile red sea bream was investigated. Specifically, two aquariums filled with seawater adjusted to 20 ° C. in a circulation filtration type aquarium having a capacity of 60 L were prepared, and eight red sea bream fry (body length: about 55 mm) were accommodated in each aquarium. A control bait or a three-kind mixed bait (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) should be placed in each water tank per day so that the amount equivalent to 2% by mass of the total body weight (daily dose is 2% body weight). Was administered to and bred for 4 weeks. Four weeks later, the fish were picked up and weighed, and blood was collected from the tail blood vessel using a heparin-treated syringe to measure the red blood cell count, granulocyte phagocytosis activity, and NBT reduction (bactericidal) activity.
(測定項目)
・体重
・赤血球数
・顆粒球の貪食活性:上記した方法による
・顆粒球のニトロブルーテトラゾリウム(NBT)還元活性:顆粒球のNBT還元活性、すなわち殺菌能は、NBT(和光純薬社製)を0.8%の塩化ナトリウムを含む1/15Mリン酸緩衝液(pH7.2)に溶解した液と血液試料を混合し、20℃で30分間反応させた後、スライドグラス上で 100個の顆粒球を観察し、ホルマザンを形成している顆粒球の出現率(陽性率)を調べることにより求めた。
(Measurement item)
・ Body weight ・ Red blood cell count ・ Granulocyte phagocytosis activity: According to the above method ・ Granulocyte nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity: Granulocyte NBT reducing activity, that is, bactericidal activity is NBT (manufactured by Wako Junyaku Co., Ltd.) A blood sample was mixed with a solution dissolved in 1/15 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.8% sodium chloride, reacted at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then 100 granulocytes were placed on a slide glass. It was determined by observing the spheres and examining the appearance rate (positive rate) of granulocytes forming formazan.
結果を表7に示す。なお、結果は、測定項目ごと、対照餌を投与したときの値を100として相対値で示した。 The results are shown in Table 7. The results were shown as relative values for each measurement item, with the value when the control bait was administered as 100.
その結果、表7に示されるように、3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与すると、対照餌に比べて、顆粒球の貪食活性及びNBT還元(殺菌)活性ともに有意に高い値を示した。よって、3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)の投与は、マダイ稚魚の生体防御活性を有意に高めることが明らかとなった。なお、両群間において、体重及び赤血球数を含め、血球組成に有意な差は認められなかった。 As a result, as shown in Table 7, when the three kinds of mixed diet (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) was administered, the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and NBT reduction (sterilization) were compared with the control diet. Both activities showed significantly higher values. Therefore, it was clarified that the administration of the three-kind mixed diet (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) significantly enhances the biological defense activity of juvenile red sea bream. No significant difference was observed in blood cell composition, including body weight and red blood cell count, between the two groups.
[試験例7]
3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)の投与が、海水飼育ギンザケの筋肉の色調や成分、および、味覚や嗅覚判定に及ぼす影響について調べた。具体的には、海水かけ流しの容量15トンの陸上養殖用コンクリート製水槽に、ギンザケ(体重:600〜1000g)を50尾ずつ収容した。対照餌又は3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を、1日当たり水槽毎に収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量(日間投与量が2%体重)になるように投与して4週間(週6日間の24日間給餌)飼育し、餌の違いが魚の生体防御活性に及ぼす影響を調べた(各被検物質の総量の日間給餌量は700mg/kg体重(採油粕発酵物:ナンノクロロプシス:オリーブ葉=3:1:3)に調製して投与試験を実施)なお、飼育水温は15〜21℃であった。
[Test Example 7]
The effects of administration of a three-kind mixed diet (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaves) on the muscle color and composition of seawater-fed coho salmon and on the taste and smell judgments were investigated. Specifically, 50 coho salmon (weight: 600 to 1000 g) were housed in a concrete aquarium for land-based aquaculture with a capacity of 15 tons flowing from seawater. A control diet or a three-kind mixed diet (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) should be contained in each water tank per day so that the amount equivalent to 2% by mass of the total fish body weight (daily dose is 2% body weight). The animals were bred for 4 weeks (feeding for 24 days 6 days a week), and the effect of different diets on the biodefense activity of the fish was investigated (the total daily feed amount of each test substance was 700 mg / kg body weight (collection). The oil cake fermented product: Nannochloropsis: Olive leaf = 3: 1: 3) was prepared and the administration test was carried out.) The breeding water temperature was 15 to 21 ° C.
1.筋肉の色調
両群5個体の魚について、躯幹部体表背部を基準となる赤、緑、青(以下、R、G、Bとする)の色紙とともにデジタルカメラで撮影した。その後、背部白筋の画像中の各3点について、RGB取得ソフト(RGB Get)を用いて、RGB値を計測し、HSV値(H値;色相、S値;彩度、V値;明度)を算出した。
1. 1. Muscle color tone Five fish in both groups were photographed with a digital camera together with colored paper of red, green, and blue (hereinafter referred to as R, G, and B) as a reference for the back of the trunk body surface. After that, RGB values were measured for each of the three points in the image of the white streaks on the back using RGB acquisition software (RGB Get), and HSV values (H value; hue, S value; saturation, V value; brightness). Was calculated.
2.筋肉中の遊離グリシン(アミノ酸)含有量
両群5個体の魚について、切り取った筋肉試料に4倍量のスルホサリチル酸を加え、ホモジナイズした後、1500×gで10分間遠心操作を行い、中間層を採取し、孔径0.2μmのセルロースフィルターでろ過し、その濾液をアミノ酸分析用の試料とした。同試料を超高速液体クロマトグラフ質量分析装置(Waters社製、UPLC:H−Class, PDAMS:SQD2)を用いて測定し、外部標準法にて、遊離のグリシン含量を求めた。
2. Free glycine (amino acid) content in muscle For 5 fish in both groups, 4 times the amount of sulfosalicylic acid was added to the cut muscle sample, homogenized, and then centrifuged at 1500 xg for 10 minutes to remove the intermediate layer. The sample was collected and filtered through a cellulose filter having a pore size of 0.2 μm, and the filtrate was used as a sample for amino acid analysis. The sample was measured using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (UPLC: H-Class, PDAMS: SQD2, manufactured by Waters), and the free glycine content was determined by an external standard method.
表8には、筋肉の色調に係る数値としてS値(彩度)とV値(明度)、および、筋肉の遊離グリシン含有量について、対照餌を投与した時の値を100としたときの相対値で示す。 Table 8 shows the S value (saturation) and V value (brightness) as the numerical values related to the color tone of the muscle, and the relative free glycine content of the muscle when the value when the control diet was administered was set to 100. Shown by value.
その結果、表8に示されるように、3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)を投与すると、対照餌に比べて、彩度と明度の数値が高く、筋肉が鮮やかつ明るい色をしていることが分かった。また、筋肉中の遊離グリシン含有値が有意に高かった。他のアミノ酸組成等については、有意な差は認められなかった。 As a result, as shown in Table 8, when the three-kind mixed diet (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) was administered, the values of saturation and brightness were higher and the muscles became stronger than those of the control diet. It turned out to be a bright and bright color. In addition, the free glycine content in muscle was significantly higher. No significant difference was observed in other amino acid compositions.
3,試食会でのアンケート結果
対照餌又は3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)で飼育したギンザケの試食会を行い、参加者からアンケートを取った。料理は刺身、焼き物、蒸し物、汁物の4種とし、4種類の料理の試食後に、参加者14名に、外観、のど越し味、歯触り、匂いの5項目を十段階で評価してもらった。
3. Questionnaire results at the tasting party A tasting party was held for coho salmon bred on a control diet or a mixed diet of three types (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaves), and questionnaires were taken from the participants. There were four types of dishes: sashimi, grilled food, steamed food, and soup, and after tasting the four types of food, 14 participants evaluated the five items of appearance, throat taste, texture, and smell on a ten-point scale. ..
その結果、図1に示されるように、3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)の投与により、対照餌投与時に比べ、刺身では匂い、歯触り、味、のど越しが、焼き物では匂いと味が、蒸し物では匂い、歯触りと味が、汁物では歯触り、味、のど越しが、それぞれ高得点になった。なお、試食会参加者のほぼ全員が、3種混合餌で飼育した群の魚は、対照餌で飼育した魚に比べ、臭みがなく、さっぱりとした味わいがあるとコメントした。 As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, by administering the three-kind mixed diet (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaf), the sashimi smelled, textured, tasted, and passed through the throat as compared with the control diet. However, the scent and taste of the roasted food, the scent, texture and taste of the steamed food, and the texture, taste, and throat of the soup were all high scores. Almost all the participants of the tasting party commented that the fish in the group bred with the three-kind mixed diet had no odor and had a refreshing taste compared to the fish bred with the control diet.
[試験例8]
3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)の投与が、海水飼育ギンザケの高温ストレス耐性に及ぼす影響について調べた。具体的には、海水かけ流しの容量15トンの陸上養殖用コンクリート製水槽に、ギンザケ(体重:約500〜800g)を30尾ずつ収容し、収容総魚体重の2質量%相当量になるように、対照餌又は3種混合餌を投与し、飼育魚の生存が確認できなくなるまで試験を実施した。飼育試験は、5月下旬から7月中旬に行い、試験中の水温はおよそ16〜24℃まで変化した。
[Test Example 8]
The effect of administration of a three-kind mixed diet (fermented olive oil cake + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) on the high temperature stress tolerance of seawater-fed coho salmon was investigated. Specifically, 30 coho salmon (weight: about 500 to 800 g) are housed in a concrete aquarium for land-based aquaculture with a capacity of 15 tons, which is fed with seawater, so that the amount is equivalent to 2% by mass of the total weight of the fish. A control diet or a mixed diet of three species was administered to the grass carp, and the test was conducted until the survival of the domestic fish could not be confirmed. The breeding test was conducted from late May to mid-July, and the water temperature during the test changed to about 16 to 24 ° C.
その結果、図2に示されるように、3種混合餌(オリーブ採油粕発酵物+ナンノクロロプシス+オリーブ葉)の投与により、飼育水温が20〜22℃の高温期において、ギンザケの生残率が高められた。具体的には、当該高温期の生残率が、対照餌を投与した場合に比べて8〜20%高かった。ただし、水温が22〜25℃になると、魚の生残率は急激に低下し、10日以内に全滅した。
As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the survival rate of coho salmon in the high temperature period of 20 to 22 ° C. by administration of the three kinds of mixed diet (olive oil cake fermented product + nannochloropsis + olive leaf) Was raised. Specifically, the survival rate during the high temperature period was 8 to 20% higher than that when the control diet was administered. However, when the water temperature reached 22 to 25 ° C, the survival rate of the fish dropped sharply and was completely destroyed within 10 days.
Claims (12)
The use of the fermented olive oil cake according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the composition for aquatic products is in the form of a bait for aquatic products.
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