JP2021005553A - レドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜 - Google Patents
レドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021005553A JP2021005553A JP2020107426A JP2020107426A JP2021005553A JP 2021005553 A JP2021005553 A JP 2021005553A JP 2020107426 A JP2020107426 A JP 2020107426A JP 2020107426 A JP2020107426 A JP 2020107426A JP 2021005553 A JP2021005553 A JP 2021005553A
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- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- -1 aromatic diol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 72
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 13
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)CO BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BLPKXLBFSPBPHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)OCCO1 BLPKXLBFSPBPHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical group C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- TXOMILLKBNFCOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-fluoro-5-(4-fluoro-3-sulfonatobenzoyl)benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(F)C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC(C(=O)C=2C=C(C(F)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 TXOMILLKBNFCOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HDPNBNXLBDFELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)(OC)OC HDPNBNXLBDFELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- LSQARZALBDFYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LSQARZALBDFYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-triethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)(OCC)OCC NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MRVSLACROTUGHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-3-diphenylphosphorylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C(C=CC=1)P(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)Cl MRVSLACROTUGHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(C)O JOLQKTGDSGKSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)OC HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIJBDWPVNAYVGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1(C)OCCO1 SIJBDWPVNAYVGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IDEOPBXRUBNYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)(C)O IDEOPBXRUBNYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPAPPPVRLPGFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920008285 Poly(ether ketone) PEK Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-ZSJDYOACSA-N Sulfuric acid-d2 Chemical compound [2H]OS(=O)(=O)O[2H] QAOWNCQODCNURD-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002521 alkyl halide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007040 multi-step synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001652 poly(etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
下記一般式(Q1)で表される芳香族ジハライド化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が15モル%以上25モル%以下、一般式(Q2)で表される化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が25モル%以上35モル%以下、かつ、一般式(Q3)で表される芳香族ジオール化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が25モル%以上50モル%以下、一般式(X−1)で表される化合物または(X−2)で表される化合物から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が30モル%以下からなり、重量平均分子量Mwが42万以上である高分子電解質材料を用いることを特徴とするレドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜、である。
ただし、ここで用いた重量平均分子量Mwは、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒(臭化リチウムを10mmol・L−1含有するN−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒)を移動相とするゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法で求めた、標準ポリスチレンの分子量に対する相対的な重量平均分子量を示す。
一般式(Q1)で表される芳香族ジハライド化合物の具体例としては、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジクロロジフェニルスルホン、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロジフェニルスルホン、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジクロロジフェニルケトン、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロジフェニルケトン、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジクロロジフェニルフェニルホスフィンオキシド、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロジフェニルフェニルホスフィンオキシド等を挙げることができる。中でも、一般式(Q1)で表される芳香族活性ジハライド化合物としては、製造コスト、活物質透過抑制効果の点から3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジクロロジフェニルケトン、3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロジフェニルケトンがより好ましく、重合活性の点から3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロジフェニルケトンが最も好ましい。
なかでも、化合物の臭いや反応性、安定性等の点で、前記一般式(P1−1)および(P2−1)において、EがOである、すなわち、ケトン部位をケタール部位で保護/脱保護する方法が最も好ましい。
本発明に使用する、一般式(P3)で表される芳香族ジオール化合物の好適な具体例としては、下記一般式(r1)〜(r10)で表される化合物、ケタール部位のヘテロ原子類似体、並びにこれらの2価フェノール化合物由来の誘導体を挙げることができる。
下記の測定条件で、1H−NMRの測定を行い、構造確認、およびイオン性基を含有するセグメント(A1)とイオン性基を含有しないセグメント(A2)のモル組成比の定量を行った。該モル組成比は、8.2ppm(ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン由来)と6.5〜8.0ppm(ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノンを除く全芳香族プロトン由来)に認められるピークの積分値から算出した。
共鳴周波数 :270MHz(1H−NMR)
測定温度 :室温
溶解溶媒 :DMSO−d6
内部基準物質:TMS(0ppm)
積算回数 :16回
(2)重量平均分子量
ポリマーの重量平均分子量をGPCにより測定した。紫外検出器と示差屈折計の一体型装置として東ソー製HLC−8022GPCを、またGPCカラムとして東ソー(株)製TSK gel SuperHM−H(内径6.0mm、長さ15cm)2本を用い、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒(臭化リチウムを10mmol/L含有するN−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒)にて、サンプル濃度0.1wt%、流量0.2mL/min、温度40℃で測定し、標準ポリスチレン換算により重量平均分子量を求めた。
(株)ミツトヨ製グラナイトコンパレータスタンドBSG−20にセットした(株)ミツトヨ製ID−C112型を用いて測定した。
下記条件のガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)により定量分析した。
カラム:DB−5(アジレント・テクノロジー(株)製) L=30m Φ=0.53mm D=1.50μm
キャリヤー:ヘリウム(線速度=35.0cm/sec)
分析条件
Inj.temp. 300℃
Detct.temp. 320℃
Oven 50℃×1min
Rate 10℃/min
Final 300℃×15min
SP ratio 50:1
(5)バナジウムイオン(IV)透過量
H型セル間に電解質膜(6.6cm2)を挟み、片側に1.5mol・L−1硫酸マグネシウム/3.5mol/L硫酸水溶液、もう片側に1.5mol・L−1硫酸バナジウム(IV)/3.5mol・L−1硫酸水溶液を各70mL入れた。マグネチックスターラーを用いて、25℃、300rpmで攪拌した。4日後の硫酸マグネシウム溶液中に溶出した4価のバナジウム濃度をUV分光光度計((株)日立製作所製、U−3010)で765nmの吸光度を測定した。
(6)熱水試験による寸法変化率(λxy)測定
複合電解質膜を約5cm×約5cmの正方形に切り取り、温度23℃±5℃、湿度50%±5%の調温調湿雰囲気下に24時間静置後、ノギスでMD方向の長さとTD方向の長さ(MD1とTD1)を測定した。該電解質膜を80℃の熱水中に8時間浸漬後、再度ノギスでMD方向の長さとTD方向の長さ(MD2とTD2)を測定し、面方向におけるMD方向とTD方向の寸法変化率(λMDとλTD)および面方向の寸法変化率(λxy)(%)を下式より算出した。
λTD=(TD2−TD1)/TD1×100
λxy=(λMD+λTD)/2
(7)イオン交換容量(IEC)
プロトン置換し、純水で十分に洗浄した電解質膜の膜表面の水分を拭き取った後、100℃にて12時間以上真空乾燥し、乾燥重量を求めた。次に、電解質に5重量%硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を50mL加え、12時間静置してイオン交換した。続いて、0.01mol・L−1水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて、生じた硫酸を滴定した。指示薬として市販の滴定用フェノールフタレイン溶液0.1w/v%を加え、薄い赤紫色になった点を終点とした。最終的に、下記の式によりイオン交換容量を算出した。
(8)引張強伸度測定
検体となる高分子電解質膜を25℃、60%RHに24時間放置した後、装置にセットし、以下の条件にて引張測定を行った。引張強度および引張伸度の値は試験中に最大点応力を示した瞬間の値とする。弾性率はひずみの差が3%となる任意の二点を用いて、算出される値が最大となるようにした値とする。最大点応力、弾性率は下記式を用いて試験回数5回の平均値で算出した。
荷重:100N
引張り速度:10mm/min
試験片:幅5mm×長さ50mm
サンプル間距離:20mm
試験温度:25℃
試験数:n=5
(9)耐酸化性評価
高分子電解質膜(78cm2)を1.7molバナジウム溶液(SOC44%)225mLに75℃で30日間浸漬し、浸漬前後の高分子電解質膜を(8)記載の方法で引張測定を行った。浸漬前の引張強度をA、浸漬後の引張強度をBとして、下式により引張強度維持率を算出し、下記基準で耐酸化性を評価した。
良:引張強度維持率が95%以上
可:引張強度維持率が80%以上、95%未満
不可:引張強度維持率が80%未満
合成例1
下記一般式(G1)で表される2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,3−ジオキソラン(K−DHBP)の合成
下記一般式(G2)で表されるジソジウム 3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノンの合成
(実施例1)
かき混ぜ機、窒素導入管、Dean−Starkトラップを備えた500mL三口フラスコに、炭酸カリウム13.82g(アルドリッチ試薬、100mmol)、一般式(Q3)として前記合成例1で得たK−DHBP20.66g(80mmolmmol、50mol%)、一般式(Q1)として前記合成例2で得たジソジウム 3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン12.02g(28mmol、17.5mol%)、および一般式(Q2)として4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン11.34g(アルドリッチ試薬、52mmol、32.5mol%)を入れ、窒素置換後、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)90mL、トルエン45mL中、180℃で脱水後、昇温してトルエン除去、200℃で3時間重合を行った。多量の水で再沈殿することで精製を行い、高分子電解質材料を得た。
(実施例2〜13および比較例1〜3)
用いる化合物の種類、製造条件を表1および2に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
(比較例4)
市販のナフィオン(登録商標)212膜(デュポン社製)を用い、各種特性を評価した。ナフィオン(登録商標)212膜は100℃の5%過酸化水素水中にて30分、続いて100℃の5%希硫酸中にて30分浸漬した後、100℃の脱イオン水でよく洗浄した。
(比較例5)
市販のナフィオン(登録商標)211膜(デュポン社製)を用い、各種特性を評価した。ナフィオン(登録商標)212膜は100℃の5%過酸化水素水中にて30分、続いて100℃の5%希硫酸中にて30分浸漬した後、100℃の脱イオン水でよく洗浄した。
Claims (6)
- 下記一般式(Q1)で表される芳香族ジハライド化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が15モル%以上25モル%以下、一般式(Q2)で表される化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が25モル%以上35モル%以下、かつ、一般式(Q3)で表される芳香族ジオール化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が20モル%以上50モル%以下、一般式(X−1)で表される化合物または(X−2)で表される化合物から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物に由来する繰り返し単位の含有モル分率が30モル%以下からなり、重量平均分子量Mwが42万以上である高分子電解質材料を用いることを特徴とするレドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 25℃において、4価バナジウム濃度1.5mol・L−1、硫酸濃度3.0mol・L−1水溶液に対する活物質透過量が800×10−7cm/min以下である請求項1に記載の高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質材料がイオン性基を有する炭化水素系ポリマーを含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のレドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記イオン性基がスルホン酸基であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のレドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質材料のスルホン酸基密度が1.0〜3.0mmol/gであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のレドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜。
- 前記高分子電解質材料が架橋構造を含有しないことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のレドックスフロー電池用高分子電解質膜。
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