JP2020186522A - Foundation structure of tower-like structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a foundation structure for safely supporting a gigantic column (tower-like structure).SOLUTION: The foundation structure of a tower-like structure dispersedly disposed along seat parts for receiving column leg bases and having multiple anchors as sets for fixing the column leg bases of the tower-like structure, has a group of vertical reinforcements disposed in parallel to the anchors in a vertical section view and dispersedly disposed inside and outside the seat parts, and multiple radial horizontal reinforcement loops radially disposed toward a central axis of the foundation structure in the horizontal direction in the direction crossing the anchors and dispersedly disposed along the seat parts. The radial horizontal reinforcement loop is structured including a pair of horizontal parts, the horizontal reinforcement loop is arranged crossing a cone-shaped destruction surface formed starting from a lower part of the anchor set, the group of vertical reinforcements crosses the cone-shaped destruction surface and extends from the inside and the outside of the seat parts to a lower part of footing of the foundation structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

The present invention relates to a foundation structure of a tower structure, and more particularly to a foundation structure for supporting a high columnar (generally hollow columnar) structure such as a support column or a chimney of a wind power generator against the ground. The foundation structure generally secures sufficient resistance to resist the rotational moment and / or horizontal stress generated by wind power, seismic force, etc. acting on the tower structure for its safe and stable support. There is a need.

The column structure is generally fixed and held by anchor bolts with respect to the foundation structure arranged on the ground. Anchor bolts are constructed by burying them in advance in a foundation structure configured as a reinforced concrete structure.

As a design guideline or design standard for embedding anchor bolts in the foundation structure of a tower-shaped structure, for example, in Japan, documents such as Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known. This design standard is academically supported and is considered to be valid in various countries around the world.

Various types of anchor bolts are known, but of these, headed anchor bolts are typically used. In the case of an anchor bolt with a head, in the concrete skeleton (body), the cone-shaped fracture surface starts from the end of the head of the anchor bolt due to the pulling force (upward tensile force) acting on the anchor bolt in the embedded state. It is formed. See Non-Patent Document 1, page 239, FIG. 4.5. The shaded area in the figure is the effective horizontal projected area Ac of the headed anchor bolt. This figure is shown in FIG. 13 of the present application. Further, a plurality of anchor bolts are generally used in an array, and the effective horizontal projected area ΣAc in that case is shown in FIG. This is applied when a larger number of anchor bolts are used, and the same applies when an anchor plate is used in combination.

Japanese Patent No. 4242445

Various synthetic structure design guidelines and explanations, Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ Recommendations for Design of Composite Constructions) (2010 revision) Volume 4, various anchor bolt design guidelines Chimney structure design and construction guidelines (1982 edition), published by The Building Center of Japan: P79-81, 2.4 Foundation

Typical examples of tower structures are chimneys and stanchions (or support towers) for wind turbines. Of the renewable energy, wind power generation, unlike solar power generation, can generate electricity day and night, and has already become the mainstay of renewable energy in Europe, the United States, and Asia. Renewable energy is also positioned as the main power source in the future in Japan, and the importance and usefulness of wind power generation is becoming more and more recognized.

There are two types of wind power generation, onshore and offshore. Especially on land, a foundation structure is constructed on the ground, columns are erected on it, and a wind turbine and a generator are attached to the top of the columns to rotate the wind turbine in response to wind power. Then, the generator is rotated to generate electricity. Even in shallow waters at sea, foundation structures can be provided on the seabed to support columns. On the ocean in deep sea areas, there are a stationary system in which a platform is provided on a turret structure raised from the seabed to support the columns, and a floating system in which the columns are installed on the floating body as the foundation structure.

In the present invention, the foundation structure used in the method of providing the foundation structure on land or on the ground of a relatively shallow seabed will be discussed, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The development of wind power generation is progressing rapidly, and recently, the diameter of wind turbines is generally over 100 m, and those with a diameter of more than 100 m to 150 m are about to be put into practical use. On the other hand, the height of the columns has exceeded 50 m and is about to reach 100 m or more. As the diameter of the wind turbine increases, of course, the size of the generator also increases, so the load of the wind turbine and the generator arranged at the top of the column is steadily increasing. A large-diameter wind turbine naturally receives wind power and rotates, and the drag force received by the wind turbine is transmitted to the hub of the wind turbine by the action of the wind speed, and is transmitted to the top of the column. Due to changes in the natural environment, strong winds such as typhoons, hurricanes, storms, gusts, and tornadoes, and pressure on the windmill due to gusts must be taken into consideration, and it is necessary to secure drag at the top of the columns to withstand this.

The columns are fixed to the foundation structure, and anchor bolts (hereinafter, also referred to as anchors) are usually used as the fixing means. In order to secure the drag force against the tensile force of the anchor bolts buried in the concrete body, concrete alone is not enough, and reinforcing bars (reinforcing bars) are generally arranged. At that time, various reinforcement designs have been made so that concrete fracture does not occur on the cone-shaped fracture surface.

In particular, Patent Document 1 is an example of a tall tower-like structure in which a force acts on the top in a direction orthogonal to its axis. In this case, it is taught that not only the longitudinal tensile stress but also the lateral tensile force acts on the foundation concrete, and a specific reinforcing bar arrangement structure to counter it has been proposed. It is said that this can prevent the formation of a cone-shaped fracture surface in the foundation structure.

Regarding the design principle of the basics of the chimney, Non-Patent Documents 2 and 80 have the following teachings (see FIG. 14 of the present application). Shear foundation caused the leg to overturning moment transmitted from the upper structure (MB) of the chimney (Q _B) based Seiko (D) caused by the addition moment (M _B1) and and the foundation itself horizontally by seismic force It must be designed so that it does not tip over to the value obtained by adding the force (generated at the position of the center of gravity) and the additional moment ( _MB2 ) generated by the distance to the bottom surface of the foundation (D / 2). As a general rule, this overturning moment is resisted by the chimney, foundation and upper part of the foundation ± weight, the bearing capacity of the ground directly on the foundation, and the yield strength of the foundation. The "foundation (D)" is the vertical dimension (depth) of the foundation.

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 of Patent Document 1, a pair of vertical bars 7a and 7b parallel to the anchor bolt (unbonded anchor 5) are erected on both sides (outer and inner in the radial direction) of the anchor and crossed, and further. Ring-shaped hoop muscles 8a and 8b are arranged on the circumference, joined and held by the respective vertical muscles 7a and 7b, and a large number of radial muscles 9 are vertically separated vertically perpendicular to the anchor 5. Further, a substantially cylinder-shaped streak structure arranged so as to be orthogonal to the anchor and the vertical streak is disclosed. The vertical bars 7a and 7b extend to the footing portion. Ring-shaped anchor plates are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the anchor. The seat portion 3b is formed on the upper portion of the footing portion 3, and the streaks of the footing portion are arranged at the inner edge portion thereof along the outer wall of the footing portion.

However, for example, as the wind turbine of a wind power generator becomes huge, the height of its columns also becomes huge, and the height is about to reach from 50 m or more to 100 m or more. In addition, the wind power generators, whose columns are placed at the top, are also becoming larger. In order to safely and reliably support such a large tower-like structure in which a force acts on the top, there is a concern that the basic structure of Patent Document 1 can still provide insufficient proof stress.

One object of the present invention is to provide a basic structure that can contribute to the safe support of a huge pillar (tower-shaped structure) from the viewpoint. Another object of the present invention is to provide a basic structure that contributes to simplification of the skeleton structure and simplification or simplification of the assembly process. Other viewpoints and other objectives of the present invention will be further clarified from the full disclosure.

From the first aspect of the present invention, a basic structure of a tower structure is provided. This foundation structure is a reinforced concrete foundation structure,
A column structure having a set of multiple anchor bolts, particularly unbonded anchors for introducing prestress, distributed along a seat that receives the column base to fix the column base of the column structure. It is a basic structure. The foundation structure includes a group of vertical streaks arranged parallel to the anchor bolts in the vertical section of the foundation structure and distributed in the inner and outer regions of the seat.
It has a plurality of radial horizontal muscle loops that are horizontally arranged in a direction intersecting with the anchor bolts and radially arranged toward the central axis of the foundation structure and distributed along the seat portion. In this foundation structure, the radial horizontal muscle loop is configured to include a pair of horizontal sections. Typically, the horizontal streak loop is disposed intersecting a cone-shaped fracture surface formed starting from the lower part of the set of anchor bolts. Further, typically, the group of longitudinal streaks are arranged so as to intersect the cone-shaped fracture surface and extend from the inner and outer regions of the seat to the lower footing of the foundation structure.

In the second viewpoint of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a basic structure of a tower-shaped structure, particularly a basic structure corresponding to the first viewpoint, is provided. According to this manufacturing method, a step of assembling a bar arrangement structure [that is, a streak or a bar assembly] defined in the first viewpoint is included. Further, after the assembly process, there is a process of injecting [pouring] concrete. After that, the foundation structure is completed after waiting for the concrete to harden.
It should be noted that when a drawing reference reference numeral is added to the scope of claims, it is solely for the purpose of assisting understanding, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the illustrated form.

From each viewpoint of the present invention, it is possible to contribute to the provision of a strong foundation structure that can withstand huge stresses acting on anchor bolts and repeated stresses, particularly a foundation structure of a tower-shaped structure. As the tower-shaped structure, a support tower as a support column of the wind power generation device, particularly a structure for a wind power generation device having a large wind turbine can be considered, and the basic structure of the present invention can be used as the basic structure thereof.

The outline form [basic form] of the basic structure will be outlined below. The foundation structure of the tower-shaped structure is a reinforced concrete foundation structure, and a plurality of columns are arranged in a distributed manner along a seat portion that receives the column base base so as to fix the column base base of the column structure, for example, distributed at predetermined intervals. It is a basic structure of a column structure having an anchor bolt, particularly an unbonded anchor for introducing prestress, as a set. The foundation structure is arranged in parallel with the anchor bolt [hereinafter referred to as an anchor bolt or anchor including an unbonded anchor] when viewed in a vertical cross section of the foundation structure, and is distributed in the inner and outer regions of the seat [for example. It has a group of vertical streaks that are distributed at regular intervals.

Further, the foundation structure is arranged horizontally in the direction intersecting with the anchor bolts in a radial direction toward the central axis of the foundation structure, and is distributed along the seat portion [at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction]. Has a muscle loop. In this foundation structure, the radial horizontal muscle loop is configured to include a pair of horizontal sections. Typically, the horizontal streak loops are arranged intersecting a cone fracture surface formed starting from the bottom of a set of anchor bolts. Further, typically, the group of longitudinal streaks are arranged so as to intersect the cone-shaped fracture surface and extend from the inner and outer regions of the seat to the lower footing of the foundation structure. The combination of this horizontal bar loop and a group of vertical bars [hereinafter referred to as "horizontal loop / vertical bar combination configuration" for convenience] realizes an epoch-making increase in the yield strength of the foundation structure, specifically, the anchor holding strength. Moreover, there is an additional advantage that the structure is simple and the assembly does not require complicated lines.

The cone-shaped fracture surface is a fracture surface formed in a cone shape inside the concrete at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane so as to open upward from the lower end of the anchor bolt, and is generally described as described. Is taught in Non-Patent Document 1. The cone-shaped fracture surface is formed when fracture occurs, and is not a surface that actually exists in concrete, but is regarded as a virtual surface in that sense, but it is considered when designing the anchor of the foundation structure. , Has important significance in ensuring safety.

By having the above-mentioned reinforcement structure, the foundation structure resists the huge stress acting from the tower structure, particularly the upward tensile stress and the horizontal shear stress exerted on the concrete from the lower end of the anchor bolt. Contributes to the formation of bearing capacity. As a result, for example, it is possible to exhibit sufficient anchor holding capacity as a basic structure for fixedly supporting a huge tower-like structure of a wind power generator having a huge wind turbine having a diameter of 100 meters or more and a corresponding generator at the upper part of the support tower. it can. Of course, the design of the yield strength of each muscle itself is performed by a professional engineer according to the given conditions of individual construction, based on the existing design standards or design guidelines, so as to meet the predetermined safety standards. It should be, and will not be described in detail here.

A method of manufacturing a foundation structure of a tower structure, particularly a foundation structure corresponding to a first viewpoint, includes a step of assembling a bar arrangement structure [that is, a muscle assembly or a muscle assembly] defined in the first viewpoint. Further, after the assembly process, there is a process of injecting [pouring] concrete. After that, the foundation structure is completed after waiting for the concrete to harden.

Hereinafter, in the present invention, the above-mentioned expandable form of the outline form will be described.

The pair of horizontal sections of the horizontal streak loop are vertically separated from each other in the vertical section (vertical section passing through the central axis of the foundation structure) [typically, the loop surface is substantially parallel to the vertical direction]. It is proposed that the loop portion connecting the horizontal portions is substantially located outside the cone-shaped fracture surface. This configuration ensures the effective bearing capacity of the horizontal muscle loop. Practically, by satisfying this criterion, the proof stress in the horizontal direction is ensured, and the formation of a cone-shaped fracture surface can be prevented even when a large horizontal stress is applied.

The group of vertical streaks preferably extends to the bottom of the footing portion. This is to ensure sufficient proof stress in the vertical direction. Moreover, according to this structure, there is an advantage that the arrangement configuration and the assembly process of the vertical bars can be simplified and the diameter of the vertical bars can be reduced.

It is preferable that the group of vertical bars intersects the horizontal bar loops to form a grid-like bar arrangement structure when viewed in a vertical cross section. This has the advantage that a uniform proof stress distribution can be formed in the concrete cross section. In addition, the structure for assembling the streaks and the assembly process are simplified.

It is proposed that the foundation structure has a pedestal portion that supports the seat portion, and the horizontal muscle loop extends to the vicinity of the side edge portion of the pedestal portion. The pedestal portion is designed as a portion for ensuring the desired anchor strength, and forms a basic support structure portion (also referred to as “base portion”) of the tower-shaped structure.

The pedestal portion preferably extends from below the seat portion in both the radial inner and outer directions of the seat portion so as to support the seat portion. The pedestal portion preferably has a wide ring shape surrounding the band-shaped [ring-shaped] seat portion, and by constructing the pedestal portion in this way, the anchor strength is uniform at any azimuth angle when viewed in a plan view. That is, the basic structural strength can be obtained.

The loop portion of the horizontal muscle loop is preferably composed of a pair of vertical muscle portions. In this case, the horizontal streak loop has a substantially rectangular shape, particularly a rectangular shape long in the radial direction. With this configuration, the horizontal proof stress exerted by the horizontal muscle loop can be increased, and at the same time, the looping processing process and the muscle assembly process can be simplified, and accurate positioning can be achieved.

The set of anchor bolts preferably has a ring-shaped anchor plate at the lower end thereof. The use of a ring-shaped anchor plate is useful because it results in uniform or composite (synthetic) resultant force action of the anchor strength as a whole of the anchor set. When an anchor plate is used, the cone-shaped fracture surface is defined starting from the edge of the anchor plate (strictly speaking, the upper edge), and the center of the cone is the center of the foundation structure (or base). Match the axis. In the cone surface of the cone-shaped fracture surface formed starting from the outer edge of the anchor plate, the apex of the downward extension surface [extension line when viewed in the vertical section] coincides with the central axis. On the other hand, in the cone surface of the cone-shaped fracture surface starting from the inner end edge of the anchor plate, the apex of the extension surface upward thereof coincides with the central axis. Therefore, the cone-shaped fracture surface is composed of two parts, an outer cone-shaped fracture surface and an inner cone-shaped fracture surface, starting from the inner and outer edge portions of the anchor plate.

It is preferable that at least a part of the vertical streaks of the group is configured as a U-shaped streak including a pair of arm portions bent into a U-shape. As a result, the yield strength of the vertical streaks is increased, and the assembly and arrangement of the vertical streaks are facilitated.

At least a portion (preferably most) of the vertical streaks of the group are arranged by overlapping (ie, as a pair) a pair of arm portions of the two U-shaped streaks with the U-shaped bends at both ends. It is preferably configured. This simplifies the processing and assembly of vertical bars and contributes to ensuring the proof stress in the vertical direction.

It is preferable that the set of anchor bolts is provided with a temporary fixing upper anchor plate at the upper end thereof so that it can be removed after concrete is placed. It contributes to the convenience of assembling the anchor set, the accurate positioning of the anchor, and the securing of the anchor position when placing concrete. The upper anchor plate can be used as it is in the embedded state.

A set of anchor bolts is preferably constructed with at least two anchors arranged in (preferably) parallel in the radial direction. Multiple anchors need to be designed and installed by accurately positioning them on the flange-shaped anchor receivers or anchor engagement parts provided at the bottom of the tower-like structure (column base), but the distribution of anchors Contributes to the uniform distribution of anchor strength after positioning and tightening and fixing.

The set of anchors preferably has struts that support the (lower) anchor plate from the bottom of the footing. It is useful for ensuring the accurate assembly position of the anchor plate (especially the anchor).

The horizontal muscle loop is preferably formed by bending a single muscle into a loop shape. As a result, the proof stress of the loop of the horizontal streak is easily achieved, and at the same time, its processing becomes easy.

In this case, the horizontal muscle loop is preferably configured to have overlapping portions at both ends. It is possible to secure the proof stress of the horizontal muscle loop and to provide the ease of loop processing at the same time. The overlapping portion is preferably arranged in the horizontal portion, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the overlapping portion may be arranged in the loop portion or including the loop portion.

The foundation structure preferably has one or more footing horizontal streaks extending parallel to the horizontal streak loop and radiating from the footing across the cone-shaped fracture surface. As a result, the muscle (horizontal muscle portion of the footing portion) arranged as an extension portion of the muscle applied to the footing portion also helps to secure the anchor strength.

It is preferable that the foundation structure is provided with an outer edge portion of the seat portion and an inner edge portion of the seat portion on both sides in the radial direction of the seat portion to form the pedestal portion and has horizontal radial streaks extending in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the pedestal portion. As a result, the strength and proof stress of the pedestal portion can be ensured, and at the same time, it contributes to ensuring the cooperation action with a group of vertical stripes.

At least a part of the horizontal radial streaks of the pedestal portion is arranged so as to overlap each other, which naturally contributes to facilitation of assembling the streaks as the pedestal portion. It is proposed to have vertical streaks that are vertically bent near the inner and outer ends of the pedestal and extend to the bottom of the footing. As a result, a muscle frame structure of the base portion consisting of the corresponding portion of the footing portion that supports the pedestal portion including the pedestal portion is created, and the presence of the vertical streaks extending to the bottom of the footing portion creates the pedestal portion and the base. The assembly of the muscles on the base is stabilized, and the assembly process of the muscles is also stabilized. Then, it contributes to the accurate positioning of the reinforcement frame structure of the pedestal portion and the maintenance and securing of the accurate reinforcement position in the assembled state.

It is preferable that the group of vertical bars has a (U-shaped) bent upper end portion, and the bent upper end portion is arranged so as to be hung around the horizontal radial streaks of the pedestal portion. This simplifies the above-mentioned structure of each vertical streak and contributes to an increase in the longitudinal strength of each vertical streak. That is, since the upper end of the bend is hung around the horizontal radial muscles and arranged, when a vertical force acts on the vertical muscles, the vertical force is transmitted to the horizontal radial muscles and its stable holding function force. (That is, the vertical force is added as a counter function to the vertical force, and the longitudinal force is formed as the resultant force). At this time, the longitudinal streaks do not need to be particularly connected (or joined) to the radial horizontal streaks, and it is sufficient that they are simply hung and supported. This configuration has an advantage that the bar assembly process and the stability after the vertical bar assembly (particularly during concrete casting) can be ensured.

It is preferable that at least one horizontal streak ring is joined and held on the upper part of the vertical streaks forming the frame structure of the pedestal portion, and it is preferable to form a basket-shaped frame structure. (If necessary, a plurality of horizontal streak rings are arranged so as to be separated from each other in the vertical direction). By joining with the horizontal streak ring, the vertical streak is positioned in the circumferential direction and the horizontal streak ring is positioned in the vertical (vertical or vertical) direction, and the assembly stability of the streak frame structure (strand frame assembly) is achieved. .. In addition, the ease of the assembly process is also achieved.

It is preferable that the cage-shaped frame is at least intersecting the cone-shaped fracture surface and extending on both sides thereof. As a result, the yield strength against the formation of the cone-shaped fracture surface is further strengthened.

As the anchor bolt, it is preferable to use an unbonded anchor that introduces prestress. As a result, it is possible to strengthen the yield strength and stability of the anchor bolt against the concrete structure (and by extension, with respect to the tower-like structure).

By having the above-mentioned basic structure, the wind power generation device can be easily constructed and can be operated stably. That is, a wind power generation device is constructed and stable by establishing and fixing a support tower via anchor bolts on the above-mentioned foundation structure and arranging a power generation mechanism equipped with a wind turbine and a generator at the top thereof. It is possible to drive. The reinforced solid foundation structure and anchor bolt system provide sufficient bearing capacity to withstand typhoons, hurricanes and other storms. Due to the existence of the foundation structure, the construction and installation of a wind power generator equipped with a huge wind turbine can be easily performed, and it contributes to ensuring stable operation. Of course, the anchor system of the present invention also contributes to ensuring sufficient horizontal / vertical bearing capacity against ground vibration caused by an earthquake.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be described with reference to the drawings. These examples are not limited to those of the present invention, and can be modified, combined, and selected (or not selected) by those skilled in the art, in combination with the above description of the outline form. Is.

It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of an example of the foundation structure (the left wing of the footing part is omitted because it is symmetrical with the right wing). An enlarged view of part A (upper part of the base portion) of FIG. 1 is shown. Another example of the enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1 is shown. An example of the outer shape of the foundation structure and the pedestal portion is shown as a vertical sectional view. An example of a group of vertical stripes (18, 19) is shown as an exploded view. An example of the muscle frame structure of the pedestal is shown as an exploded view. An example of a radial horizontal muscle loop is shown as an exploded view. An exploded view shows an example of the main part of the horizontal muscle structure of the upper part of the pedestal part and the muscle structure of the footing part. An example of the upper end of the anchor bolt is shown as a partially enlarged view. An example of the horizontal ring muscle is shown as an exploded view. An example of a wind power generator is shown as a schematic diagram. It is a schematic diagram which shows the relationship between the force acting on the upper end part of a tower-like structure, and the force applied to an anchor bolt and a pedestal part. The principle of forming a cone-shaped fracture surface is shown. It is a figure which shows the design principle of a foundation.

FIG. 1 shows a vertical sectional view (hereinafter, also abbreviated as “cross-sectional view”) of a main part of an example of the foundation structure 70. Since the left wing 72 of the footing portion 71 is symmetrical with the right wing 72, the illustration is omitted. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1 (seat part of pedestal part, anchor joint part). The foundation structure 70 has a pedestal portion 73 in the central portion thereof, and has a seat portion 56 on the upper surface for receiving the column base portion 60 which is the lower portion of the tower-shaped structure. The seat portion 56 is formed as a band-shaped ring member (preferably an elastic material), and is configured to support the flange portion 61 provided at the lower end of the column base portion 60.

The seat portion 56 is arranged at a predetermined position about the central axis CL with a predetermined width sufficient to receive the flange portion 61 in a predetermined recess (ring-shaped recess) on the upper surface of the pedestal portion. The anchor bolts 50A and 50B extend through the hole 62 of the seat portion 56 and the hole 62 of the flange portion 61, are arranged so as to project above the flange, and are fixed to the basic structure by screws 50C.

The anchor bolts 50A and 50B extend in the vertical direction with a predetermined length and are fixed to anchor plates 54 (with nuts arranged on both sides of the plate) arranged at the lower end thereof. The anchor plate 54 is stationaryly assembled by a support column 57 erected from the bottom of the footing portion at a predetermined height from the bottom surface of the footing portion and at a predetermined radial position about the central axis CL. In this way, a large number of anchor bolts 50A and 50B are arranged in a ring shape along the circumference via the anchor plate 54 to form a set of anchor bolts.

In the illustrated embodiment, the anchor bolts 50A and 50B are juxtaposed at predetermined positions on the outside / inside on one radius in the vertical cross section at predetermined intervals, but the arrangement mode of the anchor bolts is optionally. Any arrangement is possible as long as a uniform anchor strength is ensured.

The pedestal portion 73 is formed so as to project from the central portion of the footing portion 71, and the shape of the pedestal portion can be selected as needed. Further, the upper surface 73A of the pedestal portion 73 has a flat profile at the center thereof, but is variable as necessary, and may have a low convex shape, for example. The outer peripheral edge of the upper surface of the pedestal 73 (the outer peripheral edge of the seat 56) shows a slight inclination, but this is only for the convenience of the outflow of rainwater and the like, and can be changed and selected as necessary. ..

Inside the pedestal portion 73, a reinforcing bar structure or a reinforcing bar frame structure is arranged to ensure stable holding of the anchor bolts and to support the load of the tower-shaped structure. The pedestal portion 73 (the portion protruding from the footing portion 71 is referred to as the pedestal portion 73 for convenience) and the central portion of the footing portion below the pedestal portion 73 form a main load receiving structure. The portion of the pedestal portion 73, the central portion of the footing portion below the pedestal portion 73, and the portion showing the lower structure (that is, the seat portion supporting structure) that supports the ring-shaped seat portion 56 are referred to as a "base portion" for convenience. The base portion 73B has a ring-shaped streak frame structure that reaches from the upper surface 73A of the pedestal portion 73 to the seat portion of the footing portion 71, and is mainly surrounded by vertical streaks 11 and 10 outside the frame in a ring shape (so to speak). ) Formed in a donut shape.

In the base portion 73B, there are a group of vertical stripes 18 and 19 extending downward from the upper end portion of the pedestal portion (position directly below the upper surface). A group of vertical bars 18 and 19 are arranged at predetermined intervals (radial intervals) in the cross-sectional view, extend parallel to the anchor bolts 50A and 50B, and further extend downward, at least in the footing portion. It reaches the bottom of 71. In the illustrated embodiment, a group of vertical streaks 18 and 19 reach the bottom 71C of the footing portion. The footing portion 71 is constructed on the discarded concrete 71D provided on the ground. If necessary, a steel plate may be interposed on the waste concrete 71D to secure a horizontal surface.

Radial horizontal muscle loops 12 (12A, 12B, 12C) extend horizontally in the direction orthogonal to the anchors 50A and 50B over the boundary between the base portion 73B and the footing portion 71. The loop portion 12C is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the vertical streaks 11 and 10 forming the muscle frame structure, and the horizontal streak portions 12A and 12B extend radially in parallel with each other to form the radial horizontal streak loop 12. An example of a horizontal streak loop is shown in FIG. 7, which is formed by bending a single streak. Further, both ends thereof are not particularly joined to form a superposed portion. It is preferable that the overlapping portion includes at least the horizontal muscle portions 12A and 12B and further extends to the loop portion 12C. The form of the horizontal streak loop, particularly the shape of the loop portion, is not limited to the one shown in the figure, and can be further selected as needed. The form of the horizontal streak loop shown in the illustrated portion A as an example (that is, a rectangular shape long in the horizontal direction (radial direction)) is preferable for the convenience of processing and arranging the streaks, and further in terms of its action and effect.

The vertical (vertical) spacing of the horizontal streaks 12A and 12B can be arbitrarily selected in consideration of the bonding force with the concrete. In the illustrated form, one set of horizontal streak loops is arranged in the cross-sectional view, but the number of the horizontal streak loops can be selected in consideration of a predetermined proof stress, and it is permissible to have a plurality of them as necessary.

The radial horizontal muscle loop is defined so as to secure and maintain a sufficient holding strength against a force acting in the horizontal direction (or laterally with respect to the anchor), and its existence contributes to the stable holding of the anchor strength. Also in the illustrated embodiment, the horizontal proof stress can be further adjusted by setting the distribution interval or pitch (hence, the number of loops per circumference) in the circumferential direction.

FIG. 2 shows a typical example of a cone-shaped fracture surface. It has been confirmed that the cone-shaped fracture surface is formed as cone-shaped surfaces 52A and 52B extending from the end of the anchor plate 54 at an angle of about 45 degrees from the horizontal plane. The outer (or outer) cone-shaped surface 52A is formed so that its downward extension surface (or extension line) has a top on the central axis CL. Further, the internal cone-shaped surface 52B is formed so that the extending surface thereof has a top on the central axis CL. It is designed so that the function of the anchor bolt is ensured by the predetermined bar arrangement structure so that the pseudo-cone-shaped fracture surface assumed at this time does not actually occur. That is, the horizontal muscle loop is one of the specific examples arranged across the cone-shaped fracture surface, but as shown in FIG. 2, the upper horizontal muscle 12A and the lower horizontal muscle 12B of the horizontal muscle loop are cones, respectively. It extends across the fracture surfaces 52A and 52B. With this configuration, the proof stress against the force in the horizontal direction is ensured.

As can be seen from the illustrated aspect, the two loop portions 12C are located outside the cone-shaped fracture surface, respectively, while the central portions of the horizontal streak portions 12A and 12B are inside the cone-shaped fracture surface (example of the illustration). Then, it is located inside the cone surface that opens upward). Such an arrangement state is a preferable example.

Next, a group of vertical stripes will be further described. A group of vertical streaks 18 and 19 shown as an example in FIGS. 1 and 2 are displayed overlapping, but each of them is composed of two streaks. As shown in FIG. 5, each bar 18 or 19 is bent into a U shape in the middle (18C, 19C), and each has a U shape having a pair of arm portions (18A, 18B) (19A, 19B). It is a bent streak. The vertical streaks 19 extending from the upper bent portion 19C and the vertical streaks 18 extending from the lower bent portion 18C are arranged so as to overlap each other. As a result, the vertical streaks that appear as one in FIGS. 1 and 2 exist as a pair of vertical streaks, and together, they function as vertical streaks.

In the illustrated embodiment, a group of vertical muscle bundles 19 and 18 are paired and extend from directly below the upper surface of the upper pedestal portion to the bottom portion of the footing portion. The same applies to the other two vertical lines. With this configuration, a group of vertical streaks will be arranged so as to extend vertically across the cone-shaped fracture surface, providing a yield strength against the tensile stress in the vertical direction. In particular, a group of vertical bars 18 and 19 arranged at predetermined horizontal intervals from locations close to the anchor bolts 50A and 50B extend across the cone-shaped fracture surface at the lower part of the cone surface (region close to the anchor bolts). Therefore, in the region near the anchor, it is possible to give a reliable yield strength to the upward tensile stress acting from the lower end of the anchor bolt. At that time, the tensile stress generated in the vertical bars 18 and 19 can also receive a binding force due to the rotation with the horizontal bars at the upper and lower ends thereof, which contributes to stably securing the proof stress.

FIG. 3 shows another modified example with respect to FIG. A group of vertical bars 19 are arranged so that their U-shaped bent portions are hung around the radial horizontal bars 14 and 15, and the arm portions 19A and 19B are the front side (19A) and the rear side (19B) of the radial horizontal bars. The horizontal streaks 12A and 12B of the radial horizontal streaks 12 intersect with each other and extend (in the illustrated embodiment, the horizontal streaks 19A and 19B sandwich the horizontal streaks on both sides of the horizontal streaks 12A and 12B. (Extended). The degree of overlap of the lower vertical streaks 18 with the arm portions 18A and 18B is the same as that shown in FIG. 5 (exploded view).

In the case of the modified example of FIG. 3, the plurality of horizontal muscle rings 27 are arranged at the intersection of one (front side 19A) of the vertical muscle arm portions (19A, 19B) and the lower horizontal muscle portion 12B, and the other. It is arranged at the intersection of the vertical bar (arm portion) (rear side 19B) and the upper horizontal bar portion 12A, and is joined to each other. This front / rear arrangement relationship is alternately repeated in adjacent vertical lines (arm portions 19A, 19B). This makes it possible to stabilize the positioning of a group of vertical streaks (18, 19) in the horizontal plane while saving the number of horizontal streak rings 27. At the same time, it also contributes to stabilizing the height position (position in the vertical direction) of the radial horizontal muscle loop 12 at the time of assembly. An exploded view (plan view) of the horizontal streak ring 27 is shown in FIG. 10 at its partial angle, and both ends of the horizontal streak ring 27 bent into a circle are preferably configured so as to overlap each other. It is preferable to arrange the overlapping portion in fractions as appropriate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 8 (muscle decomposition diagram), the horizontal streak ring 27 is for stabilizing the assembly positional relationship of the vertical streaks 19A, 19B, and the radial horizontal streak loop, and particularly acts from the anchor. It has nothing to do with the yield strength against stress (vertical tensile stress, horizontal shear force). Thus, it is sufficient for the horizontal bar ring 27 to have sufficient strength (thickness) for securing the assembly position of the bar, and the number thereof may be the minimum necessary.

In parallel with the radial horizontal streak loop 12, the extension portion of the lateral streak 42 extending to the upper end of the wing portion 72 of the footing portion 71 over the entire length in the radial direction is the horizontal streak portion 42A, and the radial water average loop is formed. It extends over the entire length in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction in the figure), and its end is bent downward to have a vertical portion 42B extending parallel to and flush with the frame vertical streaks 10 (11). It is terminated. As a result, the pedestal portion 73 is integrated with the footing portion 71, and the stress acting on the pedestal portion 73 is transmitted / distributed to the footing portion 71 (particularly the wing portion 72). As a result, it contributes to the enhancement of anchor strength against huge tower-like structures. The reinforcing bars shown in FIG. 1 other than the above are appropriately arranged within a range sufficient to achieve the reinforcing strength generally required for the design of the foundation structure as a whole. These reinforcing bars include 28-41, 43-45, 7, 8, 9, 10A-10C, 14-16, 17, 23, 24, 25, etc., but these are only examples and include them. It is not limited.

The muscle structure of the base muscle frame portion (combining the pedestal portion and the support footing portion below the pedestal portion) at the symmetrical position with respect to FIG. 2 (on the right side in FIG. 1) also has the same relationship as in the case of FIG. It is in.

Returning to the enlarged view (FIG. 2) of the pedestal portion 73, radial horizontal streaks 15 are arranged at the upper end portion thereof by bending both ends in the vertical direction (see also FIG. 8). This also contributes to the reinforcement to support the load of the tower structure. Further, a reinforcing bar structure (9, 43, 44, 45) on the upper surface of the base portion is provided on the upper portion of the pedestal portion 73 as shown in the figure. This contributes to strengthening the peripheral surface of the seat 56, but details are omitted.

Returning to FIG. 2 again, horizontal ring bars 25 and 26 are vertically formed on the vertical bars 10 and 11 forming the frame structures 53A and 53B of the pedestal 73 from the pedestal 73 to the footing 71 following the pedestal 73. They are arranged at predetermined intervals to form basket-shaped frame sets 53A and 53B. The horizontal ring bars 25 and 26 respectively position the vertical bars 11 and 10 in the circumferential direction, and the horizontal ring bars 25 on the outer peripheral wall of the pedestal also contribute to strengthening the outer wall with respect to the cone-shaped fracture surface 52A. .. The horizontal ring reinforcements 26 also contribute to strengthening the proof stress against the inner cone-shaped fracture surface 52B.

The cage-shaped frames 53A and 53B are present at positions (on both sides thereof) that vertically cross the cone-shaped fracture surfaces 52A and 52B, respectively. This contributes to ensuring the yield strength at the upper end of the cone-shaped fracture surface.

The arrangement type of the horizontal streak ring 27 shown in FIG. 2 is arranged and joined at the intersection of the upper horizontal streak portion 12A and the lower horizontal streak portion 12B and the vertical streaks 18 and 19 of the group. As a result, the height position of the radial and horizontal streak loops is fixed, and the circumferential angle positions of the groups of vertical streaks 18 and 19 in the horizontal plane are fixed and stabilized. Therefore, stabilization at the time of assembling the muscle structure in the pedestal portion 73 or the base reinforcement frame portion is achieved.

As the anchor bolt, it is advantageous to use an unbonded anchor that introduces prestress. How to introduce prestress is well known to those skilled in the art and will be omitted in detail. After concrete injection and hardening, the anchor bolts 50A and 50B are installed with the seat portion 56, and when the columnar leg portion 60 of the tower-shaped structure is seated, the upper end portion of the anchor bolt is inserted into the hole 62 of the flange portion 61. And let it sit down. After seating, the screws 50C of the anchor bolts are screwed into the anchor bolts 50A and 50B, and the flange portions 61 are firmly tightened to the seat portion 56. As a result, prestress is generated in the anchor bolts 50A and 50B, and the columnar leg portion 60 is stably fixed to the foundation structure.

FIG. 12 schematically shows the relationship between the force acting on the upper end portion of the tower-shaped structure and the force applied to the anchor bolt and the pedestal portion. Assuming that a force F acts on the upper end P of the tower-shaped structure and the height from the pedestal surface 73A is h, the moment Fxh causes tensile stress on the anchor AK1 and compression on the pedestal portion 73 of the anchor AK2. Stress is applied. When a force in the opposite direction to F acts, the relationship is opposite. At this time, a cone-shaped fracture surface of about 45 ° from the lower end of the head anchor AK1 is assumed. In order to stably support the tower structure with respect to the foundation structure 70, a sufficiently strong coupling means, that is, an anchor is required. Corresponding to the enormous growth of h (for example, 50 m or more, 130 m or more, 150 m or more), the tensile stress acting on AK1 and AK2 also becomes enormous. At this time, horizontal stress is also generated in the anchor. A foundation concrete structure that can withstand this is desired.

According to the design corresponding to the present embodiment based on the teaching content of the present invention, it is possible to contribute to the reliable production of the basic structure satisfying a predetermined requirement. At that time, the combination of a predetermined group of vertical bars and a predetermined radial horizontal bar loop contributes to surely ensuring the anchor strength. The adoption of such a vertical / horizontal bar loop combination also contributes to simplifying the design of the foundation structure and facilitating assembly.

FIG. 6 shows an exploded view as an example of the muscle frame structure of the pedestal portion. The vertical bars 10 and 11 are formed by being bent horizontally at right angles at the lower end portions thereof. As a result, the stress acting on the original vertical streaks of the vertical streaks is partially transmitted to the horizontal portions at both ends. As a result, the stress acting on the vertical streaks is partially dispersed. This muscle frame structure reduces the allowable stress (or proof stress) required for the vertical streaks, and contributes to the saving of the vertical streaks used. Savings can be implemented by reducing the diameter of the muscles or reducing the number of reinforcements.

FIG. 8 shows an exploded view as an example of the muscle structure of the horizontal muscle portion and the footing portion above the pedestal portion. The outer wall reinforcing bars 42 and 16 of the footing portion 71 start from the peripheral edge of the bottom portion 71C of the footing portion, extend outward in radius, bend at a corner with the peripheral wall portion, and then extend upward in the peripheral wall portion. Then, it bends to the upper outer end of the wing portion 72 of the footing portion, reaches the outer peripheral edge of the pedestal portion along the upper surface (cone-shaped slope) of the wing portion 72, and further changes its direction horizontally to the pedestal portion. Extends in the direction of crossing horizontally. The outer wall strengthening muscle 42 extends parallel to the horizontal muscle loop 12 until it reaches between the vertical muscles on the inner end side of the base portion to form the horizontal muscle portion 42A, and then reaches the position of the vertical muscle 10 there. It is bent in a direction parallel to the vertical streaks 10 to form an extending portion (vertical portion) 42B downward parallel to the vertical streaks 10 and terminate. On the other hand, the bar 16 bends downward at the middle of the base portion (before the anchor) and ends. This muscular structure contributes to the integration of the footing portion and the base portion. Similarly, it also has a function of reinforcing the horizontal strength of the horizontal muscle loop 12. In addition, an example of other radial horizontal streaks (shown in FIG. 2) arranged on the base as 14 and 15 is shown (see also FIG. 8).

FIG. 9 shows a partially enlarged view as an example of the upper end portion of the anchor bolt. The upper ends of the two (pair) anchor bolts 50A and 50B penetrate the hole of the seat portion 56 and project upward by a certain amount, and have a temporary positioning temporary anchor plate 55 at the screw portion. After being inserted into the holes of the temporary anchor plate, the temporary anchor plate 55 is fixed with a pair of upper and lower screws (temporary screws) 50E. As a result, the anchors 50A and 50B are positioned and secured at predetermined positions when placing concrete. The position of the temporary anchor plate (hence, the upper ends of the anchor bolts 50A and 50B) is secured by any means (not shown). In particular, the ring-shaped temporary anchor plate 55 is held concentrically with the central axis CL of the foundation structure (and therefore the pedestal portion). The lower surface profile of the seat portion 56 is formed in an inverted trapezoidal shape, but the present invention is not limited to this. As the material of the seat portion 56, it is preferable to use a durable elastic member. It can be selected from the available components. The reason is that the horizontal leveling is facilitated when the column base portion 60 (flange portion 61) is placed. If horizontal leveling can be achieved in other forms, the elastic material can be harder or can be replaced with other materials.

As described above, FIG. 10 shows an example of the horizontal ring muscle.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a wind power generator that can be installed on the foundation structure.

The wind power generator 100 has a support tower (tower-shaped structure) 102 fixed to the foundation structure, and supports the nacelle 104 on the top thereof via a directional bearing 112 so as to be swivelable. A wind turbine 106 is rotatably attached to the nacelle, and a plurality of plates (108, 37 in this case) are aerodynamically attached to the hub 110 of the wind turbine, and the azimuth is adjusted according to the direction of the wind. The wind turbine rotates, and the rotational force of the wind turbine drives a generator arranged in the nacelle to generate electricity. The foundation 101 of the support tower 102 is indicated by a grid symbol. As an example, the basic structure of the present invention can be used as the foundation of a support tower of such a wind power generation device. Wind speeds and directions fluctuate constantly, and wind turbines are exposed to extreme weather events such as gusts, storms (typhoons, hurricanes), and tornadoes. Therefore, a support structure and a foundation structure that can sufficiently withstand these abnormal weather are required. The basic structure of the present invention contributes to meeting these requirements. It is desirable to consider how to deal with various stresses caused by earthquakes, especially horizontal and vertical stresses, in the strength design of the foundation structure. The present invention can also contribute to ensuring the yield strength against earthquakes.

[Industrial applicability]
As a huge tower-like structure, for example, a support tower of a wind power generation device can be considered. The enormous diameter of the wind turbine inevitably leads to the enormous height of the support tower. Increasing the diameter of the wind turbine is useful for increasing the efficiency of power generation, and this tendency will be further promoted in the future. Providing a foundation structure having sufficient anchor strength according to the present invention also contributes to further improvement of power generation efficiency of renewable energy. The foundation structure is built on the ground with sufficient bearing capacity, but if the bearing capacity of the ground is insufficient, it is supported (or reinforced) by piles. Land is typically considered as the ground, but it can also be applied to the seabed, especially the shallow seabed.

When a huge tower-like structure other than the wind power generator is required, the basic structure of the present invention can be used.

The tower-like structure can be applied to tall tower-like structures such as chimneys, radio towers, antenna towers, and observation towers, regardless of the purpose and use.

10, 11 vertical stripes (frame vertical stripes)
12 (12A, 12B, 12C) (Radial) Horizontal muscle loop 12A, B Horizontal muscle part 12C Loop part 14, 15 Radial horizontal muscle 16 Outer wall part strengthening muscle (muscle)
18 Vertical streaks (vertical streaks)
18A, B Arm part 18C Bent part 19 (19A, 19B, 19C) Vertical streaks (vertical streaks)
19A, B Arm part 19C Bent part 25, 26 Horizontal ring muscle 27 Horizontal muscle ring 42 (42A, 42B, 42C) Outer wall part Reinforcement muscle 42A Horizontal muscle part 42B Extended part (vertical part)
50A, B Anchor bolt (anchor)
50C, E screw 52A, B Cone-shaped fracture surface (cone-like surface)
53A, B frame structure (frame set)
54 Anchor plate 55 Temporary anchor plate 56 Seat 57 Pillar 60 Pillar base base (columnar leg)
61 Flange part 62 Hole 70 Foundation structure 71 Footing part 71C Bottom part 71D Discarded concrete 72 Wing part 73 Pedestal part 73A Top surface (pedestal surface)
73B Base 100 Wind power generator 101 Foundation 102 Support tower 104 Nacelle 106 Wind turbine 110 Hub 112 Directional bearing A Illustrated part AK1, 2 Anchor CL Center axis F force P Upper end

Claims (23)

It is a basic structure of a tower-shaped structure that is distributed along a seat that receives the column base base so as to fix the column base base of the column-shaped structure and has a plurality of anchors as a set.
A group of vertical streaks arranged parallel to the anchor in the vertical section of the foundation structure and dispersed in the inner and outer regions of the seat.
It has a plurality of radial horizontal muscle loops that are horizontally arranged in the direction intersecting the anchor and radially arranged toward the central axis of the foundation structure and distributed along the seat portion.
The radial horizontal streak loop is configured to include a pair of horizontal sections.
The horizontal muscle loops are arranged so as to intersect the cone-shaped fracture surface formed starting from the lower part of the set of anchors.
The group of longitudinal streaks intersect the cone-shaped fracture surface and extend from the inner and outer regions of the seat to the lower footing of the foundation structure.
The basic structure of a tower-like structure characterized by. The pair of horizontal portions of the horizontal streak loop are arranged vertically separated from each other in the vertical cross section, and the loop portions connecting the horizontal portions are substantially located outside the cone-shaped fracture surface. The basic structure according to claim 1. The basic structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the group of vertical stripes extends to the bottom of the footing portion. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the group of vertical bars intersects the horizontal bar loop to form a grid-like bar arrangement structure. The foundation according to claim 1, wherein the foundation structure has a pedestal portion that supports the seat portion, and the horizontal muscle loop extends to the vicinity of a side edge portion of the pedestal portion. Construction. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the loop portion of the horizontal muscle loop is composed of a pair of vertical muscle portions. The first of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a plurality of horizontal ring muscles, wherein the group of vertical muscles is joined to the horizontal ring muscles at an intersection with the radial horizontal muscle loops. Basic structure. The first of claims 1 to 7, wherein the set of anchors has a ring-shaped anchor plate at its lower end, and the cone-shaped fracture surface is defined starting from the lower end of the anchor plate. Basic structure of. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the vertical streaks of the group is configured as a U-shaped streak including a pair of arm portions bent into a U-shape. 9. A claim 9 characterized in that at least a part of the group of vertical streaks is formed by arranging a pair of arm portions of the U-shaped streaks so as to overlap each other with the U-shaped bent portions at both ends. The basic structure described in. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the set of anchors is provided with a temporary fixing upper anchor plate at the upper end thereof so as to be removable after placing concrete. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the set of anchors is configured by arranging at least two anchors in parallel in the radial direction. The basic structure according to claim 8 to 12, wherein the set of anchors has a support column that supports the anchor plate from the bottom of the footing portion. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal muscle loop is formed by bending a single muscle into a loop shape. The basic structure according to claim 15, wherein the horizontal muscle loop has overlapping portions at both ends. The one according to claim 1 to 15, wherein the footing portion has one or more horizontal streak portions extending in parallel with the horizontal streak loop and radially extending from the footing portion across the cone-shaped fracture surface. Basic structure. The foundation structure is characterized by having a pedestal portion having an outer edge portion of the seat portion and an inner edge portion of the seat portion on both sides in the radial direction of the seat portion, and having horizontal radial streaks extending in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the pedestal portion. The basic structure according to any one of claims 1 to 16. At least a part of the horizontal radial streaks of the pedestal portion is overlapped with each other, and has vertical streaks that are vertically bent near the inner and outer ends of the pedestal portion and extend to the bottom of the footing portion. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the basic structure is characterized in that. The first of claims 1-18, wherein the group of vertical streaks has a bent upper end portion, and the bent upper end portion is arranged so as to be hung around a horizontal radial streak of a pedestal portion. Basic structure. 5. The fifth aspect of the present invention is that a plurality of horizontal streak rings arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction are joined and held on the upper portion of the vertical streaks forming the frame structure of the pedestal portion to form a basket-shaped frame set. The basic structure according to one of 19 to 19. The basic structure according to claim 20, wherein the basket-shaped frame frame intersects with at least a cone-shaped fracture surface and is extended on both sides thereof. The basic structure according to claim 1, wherein the anchor is an unbold anchor that introduces prestress. A wind power generation device having the basic structure according to claim 1-22.