JP2018187551A - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent reduction in operation rate without requiring execution of a preliminary test every time a raw material is changed.SOLUTION: An impact crusher comprises a polishing and crushing plate arranged with a predetermined clearance in a radial direction relative to the tip of an impact member. At least one of the clearance, a peripheral speed of the impact member, and a supply quantity of a crushing raw material is adjusted based on the relationship between a crushing chamber density defined by the supply quantity of the crushing raw material and a crushing chamber formed by the clearance, a rate of granular bodies having a specific particle diameter or less in a granular body product produced by crushing the crushing raw material and a power basic unit of a motor when crushing the crushing raw material, thereby adjusting the rate of granular bodies with the specific particle diameter or less in the granular body product to a preset target rate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact crusher such as a hammer crusher or impeller breaker for imparting an impact force to a crushing raw material such as coal, coke, gypsum, or rock.

  An impact crusher, for example, a hammer crusher, has a casing having an input port at the top and a discharge port at the bottom, and a number of hammers (impact members) disposed on the outer periphery of a horizontal rotating shaft disposed in the casing. Grinding with a curved surface with a predetermined gap in the radial direction between the connected one-way rotating or reversible rotating rotor (rotary body) and the locus circle at the tip of the hammer when the rotor rotates. The crushing raw material (material to be crushed) introduced from the inlet is repeatedly polished between the hammer and the grinding plate due to the impact of many hammers connected to the outer periphery of the rotor and the repulsive impact on the grinding plate surface. Effectively pulverized by crushing and impacting action, it becomes a granular product and falls by gravity and discharged from the outlet.

  In such a hammer crusher, the proportion of the granular material having a specific particle size (particle diameter) or less (% of the total amount of the granular material), which is one of the important qualities of the granular product (%) ) (Hereinafter referred to as “specific particle size”) refers to properties such as hardness of the crushing raw material and operating conditions, such as crushing chamber gap (gap in the radial direction between the tip of the hammer and the grinding plate as the rotor rotates). Since it changes depending on the peripheral speed of the hammer determined by the rotational speed of the rotor, the supply amount of the crushing raw material supplied from the inlet (supply mass per unit time), etc. In order to adjust to the “target particle size”), it is necessary to adjust an appropriate crushing chamber gap and peripheral speed in accordance with the type of crushing raw material to be input (for example, Patent Document 1).

  For this reason, for example, in Patent Document 2, a gap adjusting mechanism that supports and connects the grinding plate at two locations on the upper and lower sides of the casing so that the grinding plate can be moved closer to and away from the rotor is provided. Before the crushing operation is performed, a preliminary crushing operation (preliminary crushing) is performed on the raw material to be crushed (target raw material), and an appropriate crushing chamber for the target raw material is obtained. A hammer crusher capable of producing a granular product having a target particle size by selecting the gap and adjusting the gap to the (selected) crushing chamber according to the target raw material has been proposed (paragraph of Patent Document 2). [0019] to [0020] etc.).

  In addition, the hammer crusher gradually wears the surface of the hammer and the grinding plate as the operation time elapses, so that the crushing chamber gap increases and the specific particle size of the granular product changes (generally, the granular material) The proportion of large particle size increases in the product particle size distribution). For this reason, for example, in Patent Document 3, as the impact crusher appropriately, the relationship between the operation elapsed time from the time when the grinding plate is new and the amount of abrasion of the grinding plate, and the grinding plate The relationship between the correction value of the peripheral speed and the wear amount of the grinding plate in order to maintain the specific particle size of the granular product when the grinding plate is new when worn is obtained by experiments in advance, and based on these two relationships A method for adjusting the specific particle size of the granular product to be constant has been proposed (for example, paragraph [0016] of Patent Document 3).

  However, in the crusher in Patent Document 2, every time the target material changes, a preliminary crushing test must be performed and an appropriate crushing chamber gap in the target material must be selected. This is very inconvenient because the ratio of operation time for product production decreases and the operation rate decreases.

  Moreover, in the crusher in patent document 3, in order to control peripheral speed using an inverter, in addition to a control apparatus and by extension, a crusher becoming sophisticated and expensive, about target raw material, It is necessary to obtain the relationship between the abrasion amount of the grinding plate and the relationship between the abrasion amount of the grinding plate and the correction value of the rotor peripheral speed. In particular, the relationship between the elapsed operation time and the abrasion amount of the grinding plate is an accelerated test. Since it is difficult to acquire by the above method, it takes a long time to acquire these, and there is a problem that much labor and time are required. In particular, when the target raw material changes in a short period of time, it is necessary to pause the operation for manufacturing the product frequently and for a long time to acquire the relevant data, which has the disadvantage of a significant reduction in the operation rate. It was.

JP 2004-277709 A JP 2003-93903 A JP-A-7-275726

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is not necessary to perform a preliminary test every time the raw material is changed, and to provide an impact crusher that can prevent a reduction in operating rate. Objective.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, an impact crusher according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a casing in which a crushing chamber into which crushing raw material is charged is formed, and an impact member that is rotatably provided in the casing. A motor for rotationally driving the impact member, a grinding plate disposed with a predetermined gap in a radial direction with respect to a tip of the impact member, and the grinding plate with respect to the impact member And a gap adjusting mechanism for moving them closer to and away from each other, a supply amount of the crushing raw material, a crushing chamber density defined by a crushing chamber formed by the gap, and a granular material generated by crushing the crushing raw material Based on the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the product and the power unit of the motor at the time of crushing the crushing raw material, the clearance, the peripheral speed of the impact member, and the supply amount of the crushing raw material Adjust at least one The Rukoto, the powder or granular material is configured to adjust the preset target rate the proportion of granular material under a specific particle diameter or less in the product, characterized in that.

  The impact type crusher according to the second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect, wherein the crushing chamber density, the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the granular product, and the crushing raw material are crushed. The relationship with the power unit of the motor is that obtained in advance for many types of the crushed raw materials having different properties.

  The impact type crusher according to the third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect, wherein the crushing chamber density, the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the granular product, and the crushing raw material The relationship with the power unit of the motor at the time of crushing is obtained in a state where there is no wear on the impact member and the grinding plate.

  The impact type crusher according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, is a relationship between the crushing chamber density and the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the granular product. Includes the parameters using the peripheral speed and the supply amount as parameters, and the parameters using the peripheral speed and the gap as parameters.

  The impact crusher according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the impact crusher according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the relation between the crushing chamber density and the power unit of the motor when crushing the crushing raw material is What includes the peripheral speed and the supply amount as parameters, and the peripheral speed and the gap as parameters.

  The impact crusher according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the impact crusher according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the gap adjusting mechanism is configured so that the grinding plate exceeds the proximity limit position set in advance. It is comprised so that it may not adjoin to.

  An impact crusher according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the powder crusher product according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the gap, the peripheral speed, and the supply amount are adjusted in order. It is comprised so that the ratio of the granular material below a specific particle size may be adjusted to the said target ratio.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is not necessary to perform the preliminary test for acquiring relational data every time it changes a raw material, and the impact type crusher which can prevent the fall of an operation rate can be provided.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the hammer crusher which is one Embodiment of the crusher which concerns on this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The whole structure conceptual diagram of the hammer crusher which is one Embodiment of the crusher based on this invention. The figure which shows an example of the particle size distribution in the granular material product in the case of different operating conditions. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the crushing chamber density m and a specific particle size, (a) is a figure which shows the relationship (characteristic line X) between the crushing chamber density m when a supply amount W is made constant, and a specific particle size. b) is a diagram showing the relationship (characteristic line Y) between the crushing chamber density m and the specific particle size when the gap g is constant. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the crushing chamber density m and the power basic unit E, (a) shows the relationship (characteristic line Z) between the crushing chamber density m and the power basic unit E when the supply amount W is constant. The figure shown, (b) is a figure which shows the relationship (characteristic line U) of the crushing chamber density m and the power basic unit E when the gap | interval g is made constant. The flowchart which shows the basic operation control method for adjusting the operating condition for manufacturing the granular product of target particle size using the hammer crusher 1. FIG. The figure which shows the method for setting the operating condition for manufacturing the granular product of a target particle size based on the relationship of FIG. 4 and FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the state which positioned the grinding plate in proximity | contact limit position Lf when using a hammer and a grinding plate without abrasion, (b) is a state when positioning a grinding plate in position L1 (C) is a diagram showing the relationship between the hammer before and after abrasion and the grinding plate, and (c) is directed to the hammer after being worn by the hammer and the grinding plate without being restricted by the proximity limit position Lf. It is a figure which shows the state which moved to the position L1 and was positioned so that it might become the crushing chamber gap | interval g1, (d) is limited by proximity | contact limit position Lf when wear of a hammer and a grinding plate is large. The figure which shows that a grinding board cannot be moved to position L1 for setting it as crushing chamber gap | interval g1. In the flowchart of FIG. 6, the figure for showing the method for setting the operating condition for manufacturing the granular product of the target particle size when the determination in step 13 is NO and the adjustment is finished after shifting to S14. In the flowchart of FIG. 6, the figure for showing the method for setting the operating conditions for manufacturing the granular product of the target particle size when the determination in step S17 is YES and skips to SE and the adjustment ends. . (A) is a flowchart which shows the operation method in the case of manufacturing a granular product by changing to a new crushed raw material with different properties, and (b) is continued for the same type of crushed raw material for a long period of time. The flowchart which shows the operating method in the case of manufacturing a granular material product.

  Hereinafter, a hammer crusher which is an embodiment of an impact crusher according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the hammer crusher 1 according to the present embodiment includes a rotary shaft 3 that is driven by an electric motor 28 and is reversibly rotatable inside the casing 7 and a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 3. And a plurality of mounting shafts 4 having an axis parallel to the axis of the rotor 8 and disposed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 8. And a plurality of hammers (impact members) 2 that are swingably attached to the attachment shafts 4, and a pair of grinding plates 6 disposed on both sides of the hammer 2 with a rotor 8 interposed therebetween.

  In this specification, the “grinding plate” refers to a material that is sandwiched between hammers and is crushed by being pressed there, or a material that is flying at high speed is crushed by colliding therewith. Contains.

  In the hammer crusher 1, the material to be crushed (crushed material) such as coal, coke, gypsum, rock, and the like introduced from the inlet 11 disposed in the upper part of the casing 7 is hit by the head of the hammer 2 that rotates at high speed. And the repulsive impact on the surface of the grinding plate 6 are repeatedly ground between the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 and are effectively crushed by the impact action, and drop by gravity as a granular product. It discharges from the discharge port 12 arrange | positioned below.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, since the rotating shaft 3 is reversibly rotatable, a pair of grinding plates 6 are disposed on both sides of the rotor 8, but the rotating shaft 3 rotates in one direction. In the case of the one-way rotation type, the grinding plate 6 is on one side of the rotor 8 and on the side in the rotation direction of the rotary shaft 3 (in the case of rotating the rotary shaft 3 clockwise in FIG. 1). It is disposed only on the right side of the rotor 8.

  In each of the pair of grinding plates 6, hydraulic cylinders 20 (20 a, 20 a, 20 b) connected to and supported by the casing 7 are provided on an upper part and a lower part of the casing 7, respectively, in order to move the grinding plate 6 toward and away from the hammer 2. 20b) is arranged. Each of the hydraulic cylinders (gap adjusting mechanisms) 20 a and 20 b has a piston rod 29 that moves linearly, and the tip of the piston rod 29 is connected to the grinding plate 6. Accordingly, by moving the piston rods 29 of the hydraulic cylinders 20a and 20b back and forth, the pistons 29 can be adjusted according to the wear conditions on the surfaces of the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 and the necessity of adjusting the specific particle size of the granular product. The grinding plate 6 connected to the tip of the rod 29 can be moved toward and away from the tip of the hammer 2, and the radial direction between the rotation locus (arc) 22 of the tip of the hammer 2 and the surface of the grinding plate 6. Can be adjusted.

  Hereinafter, the space between the rotation trajectory 22 at the tip of the hammer 2 and the surface of the grinding plate 6 (the area shaded by many small points in FIG. 1) is the crushing chamber 9, the rotational trajectory 22 and the grinding plate 6. The gap with the surface is called the crushing chamber gap.

  On the surface of the grinding plate 6 on the rotor 8 side, a liner 21 made of a wear resistant material such as high manganese cast steel is integrally connected to the grinding plate 6 in order to prevent or reduce surface wear. ing. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the grinding plate 6 includes the liner 21.

  The hydraulic cylinders 20a and 20b include rod movement distance measuring means such as a displacement sensor, a synchro transmitter, a laser sensor, a magnetic scale, and an optical scale in order to position the grinding plate 6 at a predetermined position with reference to a predetermined reference position. (Not shown), and the grinding plate 6 can be positioned at a predetermined position with reference to the reference position. For example, electric cylinders may be used instead of the hydraulic cylinders 20a and 20b. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation and the like, unless otherwise necessary, the hydraulic cylinders 20a and 20b are collectively referred to as a hydraulic cylinder 20.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the hammer 2 has an arm 16, a hammer pin 17, and a hammer head 15, and the arm 16 is attached through an attachment shaft shaft hole 24 formed at the base portion. The shaft 4 is swingably attached. The hammer head 15 is attached to a hammer pin 17 penetrating the hammer pin shaft hole 23. In this example, six hammers 2 are arranged at regular intervals (every 60 degrees) in the circumferential direction for each plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 3. The number of the hammers 2 arranged in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 8 is appropriately changed and set according to the properties (shape / size, hardness, etc.) of the crushing raw material and the size of the rotor 8. Is done.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the hammer crusher 1 is provided with a control device 14, which is selected or adjusted according to properties such as the hardness of the crushing raw material (gap in the crushing chamber, peripheral speed), supplied from the inlet. It is possible to set, adjust, and control the supply amount of the crushed raw materials (supply mass per unit time, etc.). The control device 14 includes an input / output unit 25, a calculation unit 26, and a storage unit 27, and a signal from the operation / input device 19 is input to the input / output unit 25. The input / output unit 25 of the control device 14 is connected to the motor drive circuit 10 of the motor 28 and the ammeter 18. The ammeter 18 is not limited to this, and may be a monitoring meter that can monitor energy required for crushing, such as a dynamometer or a torque meter.

  The hydraulic unit 13 and the hydraulic cylinders 20a and 20b are connected by a hydraulic pipe 32, and hydraulic oil of a predetermined pressure and flow rate is supplied from the hydraulic unit 13 to the hydraulic cylinders 20a and 20b according to a command from the control device 14. By operating the piston rod 29, the grinding plate 6 can be moved closer to and away from the hammer 2.

  In order to prevent contact between the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 during the crushing operation for crushing the crushing raw material, the grinding plate 6 is placed in a predetermined position (hereinafter referred to as “proximity limit position”) in the hydraulic cylinder 20. Proximity limiting means for limiting proximity to the hammer 2 beyond Lf is provided. The proximity limiting means may be a software means in the control device 14 for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 20, but in order to reliably prevent the grinding plate 6 from contacting the hammer 2, FIG. (In this example, the protrusion 31 provided on the piston rod 29 abuts on the fixed portion 30 connected to the casing 7 and stops). In addition, as a structure of a stopper, it can also be set as the structure which provides a protrusion in the grinding plate 6 or the casing 7. FIG.

  Note that the crushing chamber gap when the grinding plate 6 stops at the position Lf is g0 (see FIG. 8A).

  Further, the proximity limiting means approaches the first proximity limiting means for limiting the proximity of the first stage proximity limiting position Lf1 beyond the software and the second stage of the proximity limiting position Lf2. It is good also as a two-stage thing provided with a more reliable mechanical means as a 2nd proximity | contact limitation means to restrict | limit. Further, considering the wear of the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6, the grinding plate 6 has a predetermined position (hereinafter referred to as “separation limit position”) Lr so that the crushing chamber gap can be adjusted within a predetermined range. A separation limiting means for limiting separation from the hammer 2 is provided. The separation limiting means may be mechanical (for example, a stroke end of a cylinder) or software, and may have two stages like the proximity limiting means.

When crushing with the hammer crusher 1, the properties of the crushing raw material greatly affect the specific particle size of the granular product, which is important. In addition, when the crushing raw material is coal or coke, the hard grove grindability index HGI (Hardgrove) is used as a grindability index.
Grindability Index) (JIS M8801) is generally used.

  Therefore, in the hammer crusher 1 in the present embodiment, for a large number of different types of crushed raw materials, the relationship between the operating conditions for the characteristics such as HGI and the specific particle size of the granular product is acquired in advance through experiments and the like. Prepare a database (hereinafter referred to as “specific database”) for selecting and adjusting appropriate operating conditions in order to organize the data and manufacture the granular product with the target particle size.

  And a specific database is memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 27 in the control apparatus 14, and it becomes an appropriate operating condition in order to manufacture the granular material product of a target particle size based on the selection algorithm which used the specific database by the control apparatus 14 Thus, the hammer crusher 1 is operated with automatic adjustment and control. This eliminates the need for a preliminary test to obtain the crushing conditions each time the type of crushing material is changed, etc. It is not necessary to suspend the operation for measuring the wear amount of the crushed plate, and the operating rate can be prevented from being lowered.

  If the crushing operation is performed in such a short time that the change in wear of the hammer 2 and the like can be ignored, and the operating conditions for the crushing raw material are known, the operation / input device 19 is not used regardless of automatic adjustment / control. The crushing operation can also be performed by manually inputting the known operating conditions using.

  Hereinafter, the setting / adjustment of the operation conditions of the hammer crusher 1, the method of operation, and the like will be described in detail.

  First, prior to detailed description of the operation method and the like of the hammer crusher 1, the specific particle size of the granular product manufactured by operating the hammer crusher 1 will be described.

  The granular product manufactured by the hammer crusher 1 is not a specific particle size but a collection of granular materials having a large number of particle sizes, and has a different particle size distribution depending on the type of crushing raw material and crushing operation conditions. Yes. An example of the particle size distribution in the granular product when the operating conditions are different is shown in FIG. 3 (operating conditions A and B). In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis is the particle size (particle size) of the granular product, and the vertical axis is the cumulative ratio (%) of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the granular product (specific particle size). It is.

  In the case of the example of FIG. 3, the ratio of the granular material having a target value (target particle size) of a specific particle size of 3 mm or less is 90% (such a particle size condition may be expressed as “−3 mm 90%”). .) Is changed to the operating condition B (for example, when the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 are worn to increase the crushing chamber gap), the cumulative ratio 90% in the granular product is obtained. The particle size becomes approximately 5.6 mm, and the ratio of the granular product having a particle size of 3 mm or more is increased by 15% (= 90% -75%) compared with the operating condition A, Quality deteriorates.

  For this reason, for example, it is necessary to readjust the operation conditions so that the specific particle size of the granular product does not decrease with respect to an increase in the crushing chamber gap due to wear of the hammer 2 or the like with the passage of operation time. .

  However, it is difficult to accurately predict the amount of wear of the hammer 2 or the like and to measure the crushing chamber gap due to wear during crushing operation, and the movable range of the grinding plate 6 by the hydraulic cylinder 20 is the separation limit position and the approach limit position. Therefore, it may not be possible to set / adjust the crushing chamber gap with the same size as before the wear after the wear of the hammer 2 etc., and it will affect the specific particle size of the granular product. There are many operating conditions that can be adjusted, such as the crushing chamber gap, peripheral speed, and the amount of crushed raw material supplied. It is necessary to adjust accordingly.

  The inventors of the present invention have solved the above-mentioned requirement by introducing a new concept or parameter called crushing chamber density in response to the requirement for producing a granular product having a target particle size. Invented the impact crusher and the operation method of the impact crusher capable of readjusting the operating conditions to easily produce the granular product of the target particle size with a simple configuration.

  First, the crushing chamber density newly introduced in the present invention will be described.

  As described above, the crushing by the hammer crusher 1 is based on the hammer 2 hitting and the repulsion impact (repetition) on the surface of the grinding plate 6, and many crushing materials exist in the crushing chamber 9 during the crushing process. However, they are affected by crushing by contacting and colliding with each other while flying at high speed. That is, in the hammer crusher 1, the crushing raw material input from the input port 11 disposed in the upper part is flying in the substantially same direction toward the discharge port 12 disposed in the lower part of the crushing chamber 9 as a whole. Crushing progresses by repeated hammering by hammer 2 and repulsive impact on the surface of grinding plate 6, and the crushing raw material that flies toward grinding plate 6 by hammer 2 strikes during the flight. In contact with and collide with other crushing materials, the crushing is promoted. However, it is considered that this effect consumes part of the flight energy as the amount of the crushing raw material existing in the crushing chamber 9 increases, and the crushing effect is hindered.

  Further, when the crushing chamber gap is increased (increased), the number of repeated collisions between the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 is reduced and the discharge of the material to be crushed (powder product) is facilitated. Since the crushing chamber density decreases, the specific particle size in the granular product decreases due to the decrease in the crushing chamber density (the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or more increases). From these things, it turns out that there is a relationship between the quantity of the crushing raw material which exists in the crushing chamber 9, and the specific particle size of a granular material product.

  When the crushing chamber depth is constant, the amount of crushing raw material present in the crushing chamber 9 is considered to be approximately proportional to the supply amount of crushing raw material (supply mass per unit time) and almost inversely proportional to the crushing chamber gap. Therefore, the crushing chamber density m defined by the following formula is introduced. The physical significance defined by this equation is the supply amount of the crushing raw material per unit volume of the crushing chamber.

Crushing chamber density m = (supply amount W of crushing raw material) / (crushing chamber) (1)
The crushing chamber 9 is defined by the crushing chamber gap and depth. Hereinafter, the supply amount of the crushing raw material may be simply referred to as “supply amount”.

  As an index for the target or evaluation of the crushing capacity, in the granule after crushing, the ratio a% of the cumulative amount of the granule having a specific particle diameter d [mm] or less with respect to the total amount of the granule, or the total In many cases, a particle diameter d [mm] is used in which the specific ratio of the cumulative amount of the powder body to the amount of the powder body is a%.

  For example, when the former is used as an index, it is evaluated that the cumulative ratio a of the granular material after crushing with a specific particle size d = 5 mm or less is 60%, and the crushing ability (performance) is increased. When the cumulative ratio a of the granular material is increased and the latter is used as an index, the specific particle diameter d at which the specific cumulative ratio a of the granular material after crushing with respect to the amount of the total granular material becomes 90% is 3 mm. If it evaluates that there exists and crushing capability (performance) improves, specific particle size d will reduce.

  FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the crushing chamber density m and the (cumulative) ratio (specific particle size) of powder particles having a specific particle size or less in the powder product, with the peripheral speed V as a parameter. ) Is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship (characteristic line X) between the crushing chamber density m and the specific particle size when the supply amount W is fixed as a parameter, and (b) shows the crushing chamber gap g as opposed to (a). It is a conceptual diagram which shows the relationship (characteristic line Y) of the crushing chamber density m when fixed as a parameter, and a specific particle size.

  Note that the characteristic lines X, Y, Z, and U showing the various relationships shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are expressed by straight lines, but for the sake of easy explanation, understanding, etc., the tendency of the relationship between various relationship quantities is shown. It is the conceptual diagram shown, Comprising: In reality, it does not necessarily have a linear relationship.

  When the peripheral speed V and the supply amount W are fixed as parameters, the specific particle size is increased by the crushing chamber density m as shown by the characteristic line X in FIG. 4A (a line connecting the points A1 and A2). (Or decrease) increases (or decreases). Further, the characteristic line X shifts toward the lower right (or upper left) direction when the supply amount W as a parameter increases (or decreases), and substantially upwards when the peripheral speed V as a parameter increases (or decreases). Shift in the (or substantially downward) direction.

  When the peripheral velocity V and the gap g are fixed as parameters, the specific particle size is increased by the crushing chamber density m as shown by the characteristic line Y (line connecting points A3 and A4) in FIG. 4B. (Or decrease) decreases (or increases). Further, the characteristic line Y shifts toward the lower left (or upper right) direction when the gap g as a parameter increases (or decreases), and substantially upwards (or when the peripheral speed V as a parameter increases (or decreases). Shift toward (substantially downward).

  FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the crushing chamber density m and the power unit E with the peripheral speed V as a parameter, and (a) shows the crushing chamber density m when the supply amount W is fixed as a parameter. (B) shows the relationship between the crushing chamber density m and the power unit E (characteristic line U) when the crushing chamber gap g is fixed as a parameter. FIG. Here, the power unit E means power (energy) necessary for crushing a unit mass of raw material or power (energy) required for producing a unit mass of crushed product. kWh / ton].

  When the supply amount W is fixed as a parameter, the power unit E increases the crushing chamber density m as shown by the characteristic line Z (line connecting the points B1 and B2) in FIG. (Decrease) increases (or decreases). The characteristic line Z shifts toward the lower right (or upper left) direction when the parameter supply amount W increases (or decreases), and substantially increases when the parameter peripheral speed V increases (or decreases). Shift in the (or substantially downward) direction.

  When the crushing chamber gap g is fixed as a parameter, the power consumption unit E increases the crushing chamber density m as shown by the characteristic line U (line connecting points B3 and B4) in FIG. (Or decrease) decreases (or increases). The characteristic line U shifts toward the lower left (or upper right) direction when the parameter crushing chamber gap g increases (or decreases). When the peripheral speed V increases (or decreases), the characteristic line U is substantially upward. Shift in the (or substantially downward) direction.

  In the present embodiment, since the raw material is crushed by the rotational drive of the motor 28, the power basic unit can be obtained from the current I or the electric power P of the motor 28.

  Next, using the relationship (characteristics) of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 based on the newly introduced crushing chamber density, the hammer crusher 1 is used for crushing having a predetermined property (for example, hard glove grindability index HGI). A method for setting, adjusting, and controlling the operating conditions for the specific particle size of the granular product when the raw material is crushed to be a predetermined target ratio will be described.

<Basic adjustment method>
FIG. 6 shows a basic operation control method (basic adjustment) for setting and adjusting operation conditions for producing a granular product having a target particle size for a crushed raw material having a predetermined property using a hammer crusher 1. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a method for adjusting operating conditions for producing a granular product having a target particle size based on the relationship shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

  As advance preparations for executing the operation control according to FIG. 6 by the hammer crusher 1, a crushing chamber is used for each type of crushing material having different properties, for example, the hard glove crushability index HGI, using the supply amount W and the peripheral speed V as parameters The density m and the specific granularity are acquired, and the relationship shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is organized and maintained as a database (specific database) and stored in the storage unit 27 of the control device 14.

  When the crushing operation is performed, the supply amount W of the crushing raw material is determined by the conveying speed of a conveying device (for example, a belt conveyor, not shown) that conveys the crushing raw material to the hammer crusher 1 (the inlet 11), and the circumferential speed V of the rotor 8. , And the crushing chamber gap g are controlled by movement and positioning of the hydraulic cylinder 20, respectively. The hydraulic cylinder 20 includes an upper hydraulic cylinder 20a and a lower hydraulic cylinder 20b. However, for ease of explanation and understanding, both will be collectively described as the hydraulic cylinder 20 below.

  However, when the grinding plate 6 is positioned at the position L1 by the hydraulic cylinder 20, the operating conditions are set and adjusted after the surface of the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 is worn due to the crushing operation. A gap (g2> g1) occurs between the crushing chamber gap g2 at the time of execution (hereinafter referred to as “current time”) and the crushing chamber gap g1 when the hammer 2 or the like is not worn (FIG. 8B). ))), This divergence increases with the lapse of the crushing operation time. Therefore, when positioning the crushing chamber gap g using the hydraulic cylinder 20, the gap in the crushing chamber at that time is appropriately determined during the crushing operation. However, it is necessary to perform an operation (calibration) for associating the hydraulic cylinder 20 with the positioning position. However, performing the calibration is complicated and requires a lot of labor and time, which is not preferable.

  Therefore, in the operation control method according to the present embodiment, a granular product having a target particle size is manufactured using a specific database acquired in advance and stored in the storage unit 27 without performing calibration. .

  When performing crushing operation of the crushing raw material using the hammer crusher 1, first, the type of crushing raw material (specifically, for example, properties such as HGI) is input by the operation / input device 19 (S1 in FIG. 6). The figure number (FIG. 6) is omitted below).

  Thereafter, the specific particle size d [mm] and the specific particle size a [%] (S2) are set as the target particle size of the granular product, and the provisional value W1 (S3) of the supply amount and the provisional value V1 (S4) of the peripheral speed are set. The operation / input device 19 inputs the data. Note that the setting of these amounts and the order of input do not need to be performed in this order, and are arbitrary.

  The target particle size, provisional supply amount W1 or provisional peripheral speed V1 may be set in advance as a default value according to the type of crushing raw material, and stored in the storage unit 27. In that case, crushing The target particle size, provisional supply amount W1 or provisional peripheral speed V1 is automatically set based on the stored default values by inputting the type of raw material.

  Thereafter, the crushing chamber density m1 corresponding to the point P1 having the specific particle size a in the characteristic line X1 in the condition 1 (circumferential speed V1 and supply amount W1) is obtained (see the lower graph in FIG. 7) (S5), and (1 ) To obtain the crushing chamber gap g1 (S6).

  Thereafter, the power unit E1 corresponding to the point Q1 at which the crushing chamber density m1 is obtained in the characteristic line Z1 under the condition 1 (circumferential speed V1 and supply amount W1) is obtained (see the upper graph in FIG. 7) (S7).

  Thereafter, at the present time, the crushing raw material is crushed to obtain the power unit E2 (S8).

  Thereafter, it is compared whether or not E2 substantially matches E1 (S9).

  As a result of the comparison in step S9, when E2 substantially coincides with E1, the current position of the grinding plate 6 positioned by the hydraulic cylinder 20 (hereinafter referred to as “current position”. At the time of execution of S9, The current position is L1.) It is judged that the amount of wear of the hammer 2 etc. is small, and the specific particle size of the powder product is almost the same as the target particle size. Adjustment is completed.

  In addition, as a judgment criterion of the substantially coincidence, it is set that (E2-E1) / E1 is within ± 5, ± 3, or ± 1% of E1, etc. (set according to the required quality of the granular product) However, if the judgment criteria are tightened, a rational judgment criterion is set in consideration of the necessity of performing the next step S10 and subsequent steps. The same applies to the determination in the subsequent steps.

  In step S9, when it is determined that E2 does not substantially match E1, it is determined that the specific particle size of the granular product has not reached the target particle size under the current operating conditions, and the crushing chamber gap g, The operating conditions that can achieve the target particle size are selected by appropriately adjusting the peripheral speed V and the supply amount W. However, since such combinations are theoretically arbitrary, there are many combinations (operating conditions). Yes.

  Here, when the crushing operation is in an equilibrium state, the production amount of the granular product (production mass per unit time) is equal to the supply amount W of the crushing raw material, and in the crushing operation, the supply amount W is set based on the production amount. In order to set, in principle, it is preferable to maintain a preset supply amount W. For this reason, among the three amounts to be adjusted, the supply amount W is maintained without changing the preset one as much as possible, and the remaining amount to be adjusted is the crushing chamber gap g and / or the circumference. The speed V is adjusted.

  In addition, since the operating conditions are originally those in which the hammer 2 or the like is not worn or in a state where there is a predetermined wear (a state of a predetermined crushing chamber gap), an appropriate peripheral speed and supply amount are selected. In the case of wear, etc., the changed operating condition is basically the crushing chamber gap, so that the grinding plate is maintained while maintaining the proper peripheral speed V and supply amount W selected in the above state. 6 is preferably moved back to the crushing chamber gap in a state where the hammer 2 or the like is not worn or has a predetermined wear (a state of a predetermined crushing chamber gap). Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the particle size by preferentially adjusting the crushing chamber gap among the amounts to be adjusted.

  Therefore, when selecting the operation conditions so that the specific particle size of the granular product becomes the target particle size, the crushing chamber gap g, the peripheral speed V, and the supply amount W are adjusted in order of priority.

  Based on the above, after S10, first, the crushing chamber gap is selected and adjusted so that the specific particle size of the granular product becomes the target particle size.

  Therefore, first, in S10, a point Q2 that becomes the power consumption unit E2 in the characteristic line Z1 in the condition 1 is obtained, and further, a crushing chamber density m2 corresponding to the point Q2 is obtained (upper graph in FIG. 7).

  Thereafter, the crushing chamber gap g2 is obtained from the crushing chamber density m2 by the equation (1) (S11).

  Here, as shown in FIG. 8B, when the grinding plate 6 is positioned at the position L1, the gap in the crushing chamber is worn by the hammer 2 and the like when the hammer 2 and the liner 21 are not worn. Therefore, the specific particle size at point P2 corresponding to the crushing chamber density m2 corresponding to the crushing chamber gap g2 in the characteristic line X1 corresponds to the crushing chamber density m1 corresponding to the crushing chamber gap g1. It is lower than the specific particle size at point P1.

  Therefore, the grinding plate 6 in a state where the hammer 2 or the like has been worn is moved to a position (L2) corresponding to the crushing chamber gap g1 by the hydraulic cylinder 20 (see FIG. 8C). By moving the grinding plate 6 to a position (L2) corresponding to the crushing chamber gap g1 and positioning (stopping), as shown in the lower graph of FIG. 9, the specific particle size of the granular product is determined from the point P2. The point P1 can be reached to increase on the characteristic line X1 and achieve the target particle size a.

  Here, the moving distance of the grinding plate 6 is L2−L1 = g2−g1, and when the sign is positive, the grinding plate 6 moves in a direction to approach the hammer 2 and when the sign is negative, the moving direction is separated. Move to.

  In addition, for convenience of explanation and understanding, in the above explanation including the drawings, the direction of the crushing chamber gap and the moving direction of the grinding plate 6 are the same, but in the case where both directions intersect each other. Then, it is corrected by the intersecting angle θ (L2−L1 = (g2−g1) / cos θ). Alternatively, the gap may be calculated from the position of the upper and lower cylinders.

  In the above, the relation data (characteristic relation data such as characteristic line X1) such as the crushing chamber gap and the specific particle size is based on the condition that the hammer 2 etc. is not worn, but the hammer 2 etc. has predetermined wear. If the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 are replaced with ones that are not worn after obtaining the characteristic data on the basis of the state to be performed, when the grinding plate 6 is positioned at the position L1, conversely, after the replacement The crushing chamber gap g2 is smaller than g1 before replacement. For this reason, the characteristic relation data is based on the state in which the predetermined wear is present in the hammer 2 and the like, and the operating conditions are set with the hammer 2 and the grinding plate 6 replaced with those without wear. When adjustment is performed, contrary to FIG. 7 and the like, the power unit E2 and the crushing chamber density m2 are larger than E1 and m1, respectively, and the point P2 is on the right side of the point P1 on the characteristic line X1. Become. The difference in the above-mentioned tendency due to the difference in the criteria of the characteristic relationship data is the same in the following description. However, for convenience of explanation, the following description is based on a state in which the hammer 2 or the like is not worn.

  Here, when trying to move the grinding plate 6 from the position L1 toward the position L2, the proximity limit position Lf and the separation limit position Lr are set. For example, the amount of wear of the hammer 2 is very large. In such a case, the grinding plate 6 may not be moved (reached) to the position L2 due to the relationship with the current position L1, the target particle size, etc. (proximity is limited by the proximity limit position Lf). (See FIG. 8 (d)).

  Therefore, after S12, before the grinding plate 6 reaches the position L2, it is detected and judged whether or not it reaches the proximity limit position Lf or the separation limit position Lr (S13). The response is to be executed.

  In S13, before reaching the proximity limit position Lf and the separation limit position Lr during the movement of the grinding plate 6 (that is, the limit is not limited by the proximity limit position Lf and the separation limit position Lr). When the crushing plate 6 can be moved to the position L2, the crushing plate 6 is positioned at the position L2 by the hydraulic cylinder 20 and stopped (S14). As a result, as shown in the lower graph of FIG. 9, the specific particle size of the granular product can reach the point P1 at which the target particle size a is achieved by increasing on the characteristic line X1 from the point P2 (FIG. 7). Lower graph), the adjustment is completed (SE).

  On the other hand, in S13, when the grinding plate 6 reaches the proximity limit position Lf or the separation limit position Lr before moving to the position L2, the grinding plate 6 moves at the proximity limit position Lf or the separation limit position Lr. Is stopped (S15). At this time, the point on the characteristic line X1 at the stop position (proximity limit position Lf in FIG. 7 based on the specific relationship data based on the state where the hammer 2 or the like is not worn) is defined as a point P2 and a point P1. It becomes an intermediate point P3 (lower graph in FIG. 7). However, at this time, the point P3 has not yet been specifically specified.

  Therefore, after S15, the crushing operation is executed at the proximity limit position Lf or the separation limit position Lr, which is the current position, and the power unit E3 at that time is acquired (S16).

  Thereafter, it is compared whether or not E3 substantially matches E1 (S17).

  As a result of comparison in step S17, when E3 is substantially equal to E1, it is determined that the specific particle size of the granular product is substantially equal to the target particle size at the current position of the grinding plate 6, and crushing The condition resetting / adjustment operation is skipped to SE and the adjustment is completed (see FIG. 10).

  In step S17, when it is determined that E3 does not substantially coincide with E1, a point Q3 at which the power consumption unit is E3 in the characteristic line Z1 in condition 1 is obtained, and the crushing chamber density corresponding to point Q3 is obtained. m3 is obtained (upper graph in FIG. 7) (S18). Note that when the crushing chamber density is m3, the crushing chamber gap obtained by the equation (1) is g3. The crushing chamber gap g3 at this time is the crushing chamber gap when the grinding plate 6 stops at the proximity limit position Lf or the separation limit position Lr (see FIG. 8D).

  Then, P3 corresponding to the crushing chamber density m3 on the characteristic line X1 is specified by the crushing chamber density m3, and further, a point P4 where the specific particle size when the crushing chamber density is m3 is a is specified, and the points P4 and P3 The peripheral speed V2 of the characteristic line X2 passing through the point P4 is obtained from the difference in specific particle size (lower graph in FIG. 7) (S19). That is, the specific line X2 at the peripheral speed V2 and the supply amount W1 (condition 2) passes through the point P4.

  Thereafter, in condition 2, the crushing operation is executed, and the power unit E4 at that time is acquired (S20).

  Thereafter, it is compared whether or not E4 substantially matches E1 (S21).

  As a result of the comparison in step S21, when E4 substantially matches E1, it is determined in condition 2 that the specific particle size of the granular product is substantially equal to the target particle size, and the crushing conditions are reset / reset. The adjustment work is skipped to SE and the adjustment is completed.

  In step S21, when it is determined that E4 does not substantially coincide with E1, a point Q4 at which the crushing chamber density is m3 in the characteristic line Z2 in condition 2 is obtained (upper graph in FIG. 7) (S22). .

  Thereafter, a characteristic line U1 passing through the point Q4 (a characteristic line with the supply amount W as a variable in the condition 3 (circumferential velocity V2, crushing chamber density g3)) is obtained (upper graph in FIG. 7) (S23).

  Thereafter, on the characteristic line U1, a point Q5 serving as the power consumption unit E1 is obtained, and a supply amount W2 at the point Q5 is obtained (upper graph in FIG. 7) (S24). That is, in the characteristic line U1, the supply amount at the point Q4 is W1, and the supply amount at the point Q5 is W2.

  At point Q5 where the supply amount W2 is under the condition 3 (circumferential velocity V2, crushing chamber density g3), the power basic unit is E1, and therefore in this operating condition, the specific particle size of the granular product is the target particle size a. This completes the crushing condition resetting / adjustment operation (SE).

  When there is a possibility that there is a deviation from the database, it is possible to perform re-comparison after the adjustment is completed and to perform a fine adjustment.

<Operation method in the case of producing a granular product by changing to a new crushing raw material with different properties>
When crushing by changing to a new crushing material with different properties, basically, operating conditions are set and adjusted based on the basic adjustment method (adjustment operation), and the crushing material is crushed and powdered The main operation for manufacturing the body product is performed (see FIG. 11A).

<Operation method in the case of producing a granular product continuously for a long period of the same type of crushed raw material>
Based on the operation conditions set and adjusted based on the basic adjustment method, the main operation of crushing the crushed raw material to produce the granular product is started under the operating conditions set and adjusted. When crushing continuously over a long period of time, as the operating time elapses, the hammer 2 and the like gradually wear out and the crushing chamber gap increases, so that the operating conditions change, and the production of the granular product with the target particle size May not be possible.

  For this reason, it is necessary to readjust the operating conditions so that the production of the granular product having the target particle size can be maintained as needed by checking the change of the operating conditions in a timely manner as the operating time elapses.

  Then, the operation method in the case of manufacturing a granular product continuously over a long period about the same kind of crushing raw material is demonstrated based on FIG.11 (b).

  Even when producing a granular product continuously for the same type of crushed raw material, first, the adjustment operation 1 for setting the operating condition for the crushed raw material of that type is performed, and the set operating condition is set. The operation 1 which manufactures a granular material product is performed.

  Then, after a certain operating time has passed, or if necessary, adjustment operation 2 is performed to confirm the change in the crushing chamber gap and readjust the operating conditions in response to the change. Main operation 2 for manufacturing the product is performed.

  Thereafter, similarly, the adjustment operation 3 and the main operation 3 are performed.

  In FIG. 11 (b), the operation is completed in the main operation 3. However, if the production of the granular material is continued continuously for the same type of crushed raw material, the adjustment operation and the main operation are performed. Driving is repeated.

  Here, for the adjustment operation after the adjustment operation 2, steps S1 to S4 in FIG. 6 are omitted.

  In addition, when the production of granular products using the same type of crushed raw material takes a very long time, the hammer and / or the grinding plate will reach the life limit due to wear and be replaced in the middle. There is a case. In this case, in order to reset the operating conditions for the replaced hammer or the like, the adjustment operation 1 shown in FIG. 11B is executed.

  As described above, according to the impact-type crusher according to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily realize the operating conditions necessary for producing a granular product having a desired particle size, and continuously generate the desired particle size. be able to.

  In the above embodiment, the hammer crusher has been described, but the impact crusher according to the present invention is not limited to the hammer crusher, and may be an impeller breaker or other impact crusher.

1 Hammer crusher 2 Hammer (impact member)
3 Rotating shaft 4 Mounting shaft 5 Rotating plate 6 Grinding plate 7 Casing 8 Rotor 9 Crushing chamber 10 Motor drive circuit 11 Input port 12 Outlet port 13 Hydraulic unit 14 Controller 15 Hammer head 16 Arm 17 Hammer pin 18 Ammeter 19 Operation / input Device 20 Hydraulic cylinder 20a Upper hydraulic cylinder 20b Lower hydraulic cylinder 21 Liner 22 Circular trajectory arc 23 at the tip of the hammer 2 Shaft hole for hammer pin 24 Shaft hole for mounting shaft 25 Input / output unit 26 Calculation unit 27 Storage unit 28 Motor 29 Piston rod 30 Fixed part (stopper)
31 Protrusion (stopper)
32 Hydraulic piping

Claims (7)

A casing in which a crushing chamber into which crushing raw material is charged is formed, an impact member rotatably provided in the casing, a motor for rotationally driving the impact member, and a tip of the impact member A grinding plate disposed with a predetermined gap in the radial direction, and a gap adjusting mechanism for moving the grinding plate toward and away from the impact member,
The supply amount of the crushing raw material and the crushing chamber density defined by the crushing chamber formed by the gap, the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the granular product produced by crushing the crushing raw material, and the By adjusting at least one of the gap, the peripheral speed of the impact member, and the supply amount of the crushing raw material based on the relationship with the power unit of the motor at the time of crushing the crushing raw material, the granular product An impact crusher configured to adjust the ratio of powder particles having a specific particle size or less to a preset target ratio.   The crushing chamber density, the ratio of powder particles having a specific particle size or less in the powder product and the power unit of the motor at the time of crushing the crushing raw material have a lot of different types of crushing. The impact type crusher according to claim 1, which is obtained in advance for raw materials.   The relationship between the crushing chamber density, the ratio of the granular material having a specific particle size or less in the granular product, and the power unit of the motor when crushing the crushing raw material is the impact member and the grinding plate. The impact type crusher according to claim 1 or 2, which is obtained in a state where there is no wear.   The relationship between the crushing chamber density and the proportion of powder particles having a specific particle size or less in the powder product is obtained by using the peripheral speed and the supply amount as parameters, and the peripheral speed and the gap as parameters. The impact type crusher as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 containing a thing.   The relationship between the crushing chamber density and the power consumption of the motor at the time of crushing the crushing raw material is a parameter using the peripheral speed and the supply amount, and a parameter using the peripheral speed and the gap as parameters. The impact type crusher as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 containing.   The impact-type crushing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gap adjusting mechanism is configured so that the grinding plate does not approach the impact member beyond a preset proximity limit position. Machine. It is comprised so that the ratio of the granular material below the specific particle size in the said granular material product may be adjusted to the said target ratio by adjusting in order of the said clearance gap, the said peripheral speed, and the said supply amount. The impact type crusher as described in any one of 1 thru | or 6.

Images