JP2016108885A - Heat collection member and heat collection system - Google Patents

Heat collection member and heat collection system Download PDF

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JP2016108885A
JP2016108885A JP2014249137A JP2014249137A JP2016108885A JP 2016108885 A JP2016108885 A JP 2016108885A JP 2014249137 A JP2014249137 A JP 2014249137A JP 2014249137 A JP2014249137 A JP 2014249137A JP 2016108885 A JP2016108885 A JP 2016108885A
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heat
solar cell
heat storage
roof
air
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室　直樹
Naoki Muro
室　　直樹
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2014249137A priority Critical patent/JP2016108885A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2015/005713 priority patent/WO2016092745A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat collection member capable of improving a photovoltaic heat collection efficiency.SOLUTION: A heat collection member 2 comprises: a thermal storage member 21, which is installed on a vent layer 3 formed between a multiple-staged solar battery panel 1 disposed on a roof 41 along a gradient direction X1 and the roof 41; and a heat insulation member 22, which partly covers the thermal storage member 21. The vent layer 3 communicates to an indoor space through an aperture 42 formed on the roof 41 at a position facing the uppermost stage of the solar battery panel 1 in the gradient direction X1 among multiple-staged solar battery panel 1. The thermal storage member 21 is installed at a position lower than the aperture 42 in the gradient direction X1 leaving a part of the vent layer 3. The heat insulation member 22 comprises: a first covering part 221, which covers a part facing the solar battery panel 1 on the thermal storage member 21; and a second covering part 222, which covers an upper side of the thermal storage member 21 in the gradient direction X1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、一般に集熱部材、集熱システム、より詳細には、屋根と太陽光発電パネルとの間の通気層に設けられる集熱部材、およびこれを用いた集熱システムに関する。   The present invention generally relates to a heat collecting member and a heat collecting system, and more particularly to a heat collecting member provided in a ventilation layer between a roof and a photovoltaic power generation panel, and a heat collecting system using the heat collecting member.

従来、太陽光から発電と集熱との両方を行う太陽光発電集熱システムがある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。この種の集熱システムは、屋根と、屋根の勾配方向に沿って並べて配置された複数の太陽電池パネルとの間に形成される通気層の空気を、太陽光によって加熱された太陽電池パネルの熱を用いて暖めて屋内に送り込むように構成されている。   Conventionally, there is a solar power generation heat collection system that performs both power generation and heat collection from sunlight (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This type of heat collection system uses a solar panel heated by sunlight to convert air in a ventilation layer formed between a roof and a plurality of solar panels arranged side by side along the gradient direction of the roof. It is configured to be heated and sent indoors using heat.

特開２０１３−１７８０８４号公報JP 2013-178084 A

通気層の空気が太陽電池パネルによって暖められる際に、太陽電池パネルから通気層の空気に移動する熱エネルギーは、太陽電池パネルと空気との温度差によって決まる。太陽電池パネルと空気との温度差が小さいほど、太陽電池パネルから空気に移動する熱エネルギーが小さくなる、すなわち空気の温度上昇率が減少する。通気層の空気は、太陽電池パネルによって暖められながら屋根の勾配方向に沿って上昇するので、太陽電池パネルと空気との温度差が徐々に小さくなり、空気の温度上昇率も減少する。すなわち、複数の太陽電池パネルのうち、屋根の勾配方向の上側の太陽電池パネルは、空気との間の熱交換効率が低く、太陽光の集熱効率が低くなっていた。   When the air in the ventilation layer is warmed by the solar cell panel, the thermal energy transferred from the solar cell panel to the air in the ventilation layer is determined by the temperature difference between the solar cell panel and the air. The smaller the temperature difference between the solar cell panel and the air, the smaller the thermal energy transferred from the solar cell panel to the air, that is, the rate of temperature rise of the air decreases. Since the air in the ventilation layer rises along the gradient direction of the roof while being heated by the solar cell panel, the temperature difference between the solar cell panel and the air gradually decreases, and the temperature rise rate of the air also decreases. That is, among the plurality of solar cell panels, the solar cell panel on the upper side in the gradient direction of the roof has low heat exchange efficiency with air, and has low solar heat collection efficiency.

本発明は、上記事由に鑑みてなされており、その目的は、太陽光の集熱効率を向上させることができる集熱部材、太陽光発電集熱システムを提供することにある。   This invention is made | formed in view of the said reason, The objective is to provide the heat collection member which can improve the heat collection efficiency of sunlight, and a solar power generation heat collection system.

本発明の集熱部材は、屋根の勾配方向に沿って配置された複数段の太陽電池パネルと前記屋根との間に形成された通気層に設けられる蓄熱部材と、前記蓄熱部材の一部を覆う断熱部材とを備え、前記通気層は、前記複数段の太陽電池パネルのうち前記勾配方向における最上段の太陽電池パネルと対向する箇所の前記屋根に形成された開口部を介して、屋内の空間に繋がっており、前記蓄熱部材は、前記通気層の一部を残して前記勾配方向における前記開口部よりも下側の位置に設けられ、前記断熱部材は、前記蓄熱部材における前記太陽電池パネルと対向する箇所を覆う第１被覆部と、前記蓄熱部材における前記勾配方向の上側を覆う第２被覆部とを有することを特徴とする。   The heat collecting member of the present invention includes a heat storage member provided in a ventilation layer formed between a plurality of solar cell panels arranged along a roof gradient direction and the roof, and a part of the heat storage member. A heat insulating member that covers the ventilation layer, and the ventilation layer is formed indoors through an opening formed in the roof at a location facing the uppermost solar cell panel in the gradient direction of the plurality of solar cell panels. The heat storage member is provided at a position below the opening in the gradient direction, leaving a part of the ventilation layer, and the heat insulating member is the solar cell panel in the heat storage member. And a second covering portion covering the upper side of the gradient direction of the heat storage member.

本発明の集熱システムは、上記集熱部材と、屋根の勾配方向に沿って配置された複数段の太陽電池パネルと、前記複数段の太陽電池パネルと屋根との間に形成される通気層の空気を、前記複数段の太陽電池パネルのうち前記勾配方向の最上段の太陽電池パネルと対向する箇所の前記屋根に形成された開口部を介して、屋内の空間に送り込むファンとを備えることを特徴とする。   The heat collection system of the present invention includes the heat collection member, a plurality of solar cell panels arranged along the gradient direction of the roof, and a ventilation layer formed between the plurality of solar cell panels and the roof. A fan that feeds the air into an indoor space through an opening formed in the roof at a location facing the uppermost solar cell panel in the gradient direction of the plurality of solar cell panels. It is characterized by.

本発明では、太陽光の集熱効率を向上させることができるという効果がある。   In this invention, there exists an effect that the heat collection efficiency of sunlight can be improved.

実施形態における集熱システム、集熱部材の概略構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a heat collection system and a heat collection member in an embodiment. 実施形態における集熱システム、集熱部材の概略構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the heat collection system and heat collection member in embodiment. 潜熱蓄熱材の相と温度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the phase of a latent heat storage material, and temperature. 実施形態における通気層の空気の温度変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the temperature change of the air of the ventilation layer in embodiment.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
（実施形態）
図１、図２に、本実施形態における集熱システム、および集熱部材２の概略構成を示す。なお、図２は、図１のＡ−Ａ断面図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment)
1 and 2 show a schematic configuration of the heat collection system and the heat collection member 2 in the present embodiment. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.

本実施形態の集熱システムは、複数の太陽電池パネル１、集熱部材２、ファン４４を備えて構成され、太陽６の光（太陽光）を利用して外気を暖め、暖めた外気を例えば戸建住宅などの建物４内（屋内）で利用するシステムである。そして、暖められた空気は、主に冬季における暖房、換気などに用いられる。   The heat collection system of the present embodiment includes a plurality of solar battery panels 1, a heat collection member 2, and a fan 44. The heat collection system warms the outside air using the light (sunlight) of the sun 6, and the heated outside air is, for example, This is a system used in a building 4 (indoor) such as a detached house. The warmed air is mainly used for heating and ventilation in winter.

太陽電池パネル１は、矩形状のパネルで構成されており、建物４の屋根４１の上に設置され、太陽光を受光することによって発電する。屋根４１は一方向に勾配（傾斜）しており、架台５を用いて複数の太陽電池パネル１が屋根４１の上に取り付けられる。架台５は、棒状に形成された複数（本実施形態では５つ）の支持部材５１を備えている。各支持部材５１は、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１が長手方向となるように屋根４１に固定されており、屋根４１における勾配方向Ｘ１と直交する方向（屋根４１の幅方向Ｘ２）に所定の間隔で配置されている。そして、複数の太陽電池パネル１のそれぞれは、一対の支持部材５１に跨るように取り付けられる。本実施形態の集熱システムは、２４枚の太陽電池パネル１を備えており、２４枚の太陽電池パネル１が屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１に６枚、幅方向Ｘ２に４枚ずつ並べて配置されている。なお、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って配置された６枚の太陽電池パネル１を区別する場合、勾配方向Ｘ１の下から順に太陽電池パネル１Ａ、太陽電池パネル１Ｂ、太陽電池パネル１Ｃ、太陽電池パネル１Ｄ、太陽電池パネル１Ｅ、太陽電池パネル１Ｆという。   The solar cell panel 1 is constituted by a rectangular panel and is installed on the roof 41 of the building 4 to generate power by receiving sunlight. The roof 41 is inclined (inclined) in one direction, and a plurality of solar battery panels 1 are mounted on the roof 41 using the gantry 5. The gantry 5 includes a plurality of (five in the present embodiment) support members 51 formed in a bar shape. Each support member 51 is fixed to the roof 41 so that the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41 is the longitudinal direction, and at a predetermined interval in a direction (width direction X2 of the roof 41) perpendicular to the gradient direction X1 in the roof 41. Has been placed. And each of the some solar cell panel 1 is attached so that a pair of support member 51 may be straddled. The heat collection system of this embodiment includes 24 solar cell panels 1, and 24 solar cell panels 1 are arranged side by side in the roof 41 in the gradient direction X1 and in the width direction X2 by 4 each. Yes. In addition, when distinguishing the six solar cell panels 1 arrange | positioned along the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41, solar cell panel 1A, solar cell panel 1B, solar cell panel 1C, solar cell in order from the bottom of gradient direction X1. It is called panel 1D, solar cell panel 1E, and solar cell panel 1F.

このように、複数の太陽電池パネル１は、架台５に取り付けられることによって、屋根４１から離れた状態で屋根４１と対向する。したがって、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って配置された複数段（６段）の太陽電池パネル１Ａ〜１Ｆと屋根４１との間に通気層３が形成される。   In this manner, the plurality of solar battery panels 1 are attached to the gantry 5 so as to face the roof 41 while being separated from the roof 41. Accordingly, the ventilation layer 3 is formed between the roof 41 and the solar battery panels 1A to 1F having a plurality of levels (six levels) arranged along the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41.

ここで、太陽電池パネル１は、太陽光を吸収することによって発電するとともに、熱エネルギーを取得、すなわち加熱される。したがって、通気層３の空気は、太陽光によって加熱された太陽電池パネル１によって暖められる。また、各太陽電池パネル１における屋根４１側の面には、熱伝導性が比較的高いシート状の熱伝導部材１１が設けられている。この熱伝導部材１１により、太陽電池パネル１から通気層３の空気への伝熱効率が向上し、通気層３の空気をより暖めることができる。通気層３において、屋根４１の軒４１１側（勾配方向Ｘ１の下側）から流入する空気は、太陽電池パネル１によって暖められながら屋根４１の勾配に沿って上昇する。   Here, the solar cell panel 1 generates power by absorbing sunlight and acquires thermal energy, that is, is heated. Therefore, the air of the ventilation layer 3 is warmed by the solar cell panel 1 heated by sunlight. Further, a sheet-like heat conducting member 11 having relatively high thermal conductivity is provided on the surface of each solar cell panel 1 on the roof 41 side. The heat conducting member 11 improves the heat transfer efficiency from the solar cell panel 1 to the air in the ventilation layer 3, and can further warm the air in the ventilation layer 3. In the ventilation layer 3, the air flowing from the eaves 411 side (the lower side of the gradient direction X <b> 1) of the roof 41 rises along the gradient of the roof 41 while being warmed by the solar cell panel 1.

また、屋根４１には、勾配方向Ｘ１における最上段の４枚の太陽電池パネル１Ｆそれぞれと対向する箇所に開口部４２が形成されている。開口部４２は、ダクト４３の一端であり、ダクト４３を介して通気層３と屋内の空間（例えば日当たりがよくない北側の部屋、一般に暖房器具が設けられていない廊下やトイレ、脱衣所などの比較的狭い空間など）とが連続する。また、ダクト４３には、ファン４４が設けられており、このファン４４を稼働させることで通気層３の空気を屋内の空間に送り込むことができる。なお、通気層３の空気のうち、より暖かい空気を屋内に取り込むために、開口部４２は、太陽電池パネル１Ｆと対向する箇所において、勾配方向Ｘ１のより上側の位置に設けられることが望ましい。   Moreover, the opening part 42 is formed in the roof 41 in the location facing each of the four solar cell panels 1F of the uppermost stage in the gradient direction X1. The opening 42 is one end of the duct 43, and the ventilation layer 3 and the indoor space (for example, a north room where sunlight is not good, such as a corridor, a toilet, a dressing room, etc., which is not generally provided with a heating appliance) through the duct 43. A relatively small space). The duct 43 is provided with a fan 44. By operating the fan 44, the air in the ventilation layer 3 can be sent into the indoor space. In addition, in order to take in warmer air among the air of the ventilation layer 3, it is desirable that the opening 42 is provided at a position above the gradient direction X1 at a location facing the solar cell panel 1F.

また、各開口部４２には、この開口部４２を開閉する第１開閉部材４５が設けられており、第１開閉部材４５を開状態とすることで通気層３と屋内の空間とが連続し、第１開閉部材４５を閉状態とすることで通気層３と屋内の空間とが遮断される。この第１開閉部材４５は、例えば夏季のように通気層３の空気を屋内に取り込みたくない場合に閉じられる。また、架台５には、通気層３における勾配方向Ｘ１の上端を開閉する第２開閉部材５２が設けられている。この第２開閉部材５２は、隣り合う一対の支持部材５１における勾配方向Ｘ１の上端同士を連続させるように設けられており、閉状態となることで通気層３の空気が抜けないように閉じる。また、第２開閉部材５２が開状態となることで、通気層３における勾配方向Ｘ１の上端部が開放され、通気層３の空気が勾配方向Ｘ１の上側から放出され、例えば夏季における通気層３の空気の温度上昇が抑制される。   Each opening 42 is provided with a first opening / closing member 45 that opens and closes the opening 42. By opening the first opening / closing member 45, the ventilation layer 3 and the indoor space are continuous. By closing the first opening / closing member 45, the ventilation layer 3 and the indoor space are blocked. The first opening / closing member 45 is closed when the air of the ventilation layer 3 is not desired to be taken indoors, for example, in summer. The gantry 5 is provided with a second opening / closing member 52 that opens and closes the upper end of the air-permeable layer 3 in the gradient direction X1. This 2nd opening-and-closing member 52 is provided so that the upper ends of the gradient direction X1 in a pair of adjacent support member 51 may be continued, and it closes so that the air of the ventilation layer 3 may not escape when it will be in a closed state. Further, when the second opening / closing member 52 is in the open state, the upper end of the ventilation layer 3 in the gradient direction X1 is opened, and the air in the ventilation layer 3 is released from the upper side of the gradient direction X1, for example, the ventilation layer 3 in summer The temperature rise of the air is suppressed.

また、本実施形態の集熱システムは、太陽光の集熱効率の向上を図るために集熱部材２を備えている。集熱部材２は、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って配置された複数段（６段）の太陽電池パネル１と屋根４１との間に形成される通気層３において、通気層３の一部を残して、開口部４２よりも屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１の下側の位置に設けられる。本実施形態の集熱部材２は、各通気層３において、勾配方向Ｘ１の下から６番目（６段目）の太陽電池パネル１Ｆと屋根４１との間、より具体的には、太陽電池パネル１Ｆにおける勾配方向Ｘ１の下端部付近と屋根４１との間に設けられている。すなわち、集熱部材２は、勾配方向Ｘ１において開口部４２から下側に離れて設けられている。   In addition, the heat collection system of this embodiment includes a heat collection member 2 in order to improve the heat collection efficiency of sunlight. The heat collecting member 2 is a part of the ventilation layer 3 in the ventilation layer 3 formed between the roof 41 and the solar cell panels 1 of a plurality of levels (six levels) arranged along the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41. Is provided at a position below the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41 with respect to the opening 42. The heat collecting member 2 of the present embodiment includes a solar cell panel between the roof 41 and the sixth (sixth stage) solar cell panel 1F from the bottom in the gradient direction X1 in each ventilation layer 3. It is provided between the vicinity of the lower end of the gradient direction X1 in 1F and the roof 41. That is, the heat collecting member 2 is provided away from the opening 42 in the gradient direction X1.

集熱部材２は、蓄熱部材２１と断熱部材２２とを備え、一方向に延長し断面が矩形の棒状に形成されており、勾配方向Ｘ１に直交する幅方向Ｘ２を長手方向とするように、屋根４１の上に設置されている。   The heat collecting member 2 includes a heat accumulating member 21 and a heat insulating member 22 and is formed in a bar shape extending in one direction and having a rectangular cross section, and the width direction X2 orthogonal to the gradient direction X1 is a longitudinal direction. It is installed on the roof 41.

蓄熱部材２１は、幅方向Ｘ２に沿って延長した直方体形状に形成されたケースに潜熱蓄熱材が封入されることで構成されており、屋根４１に設置されている。潜熱蓄熱材は、例えばパラフィン、無機塩などで構成されている。   The heat storage member 21 is configured by sealing a latent heat storage material in a case formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape extending along the width direction X <b> 2, and is installed on the roof 41. The latent heat storage material is made of, for example, paraffin or inorganic salt.

図３に、潜熱蓄熱材における相と温度との関係の一例を示す。なお、図３において、横軸は潜熱蓄熱材の相を示し、縦軸は潜熱蓄熱材の温度を示している。潜熱蓄熱材は、相の転移温度付近で温度をほぼ一定に保った状態で、熱エネルギーを蓄積または放出することができる性質を有している。潜熱蓄熱材は、相変化が生じる際の潜熱を用いた蓄熱を行うので、比較的大きな熱エネルギーの蓄積または放出が可能であり、顕熱蓄熱材よりも蓄熱密度が大きく、小さい容量で比較的大きな熱エネルギーを蓄積することができる。本実施形態の潜熱蓄熱材は、固相と液相との間の相転移時における潜熱を用いて熱エネルギーの蓄積または放出を行い、相の転移温度が凝固点および融点となる。   FIG. 3 shows an example of the relationship between the phase and temperature in the latent heat storage material. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis indicates the phase of the latent heat storage material, and the vertical axis indicates the temperature of the latent heat storage material. The latent heat storage material has the property that heat energy can be stored or released in a state where the temperature is kept substantially constant near the phase transition temperature. Since the latent heat storage material stores heat using latent heat when phase change occurs, it can store or release relatively large heat energy, has a larger heat storage density than the sensible heat storage material, and has a relatively small capacity. Large heat energy can be stored. The latent heat storage material of this embodiment accumulates or releases thermal energy using latent heat at the time of phase transition between the solid phase and the liquid phase, and the phase transition temperature becomes the freezing point and the melting point.

断熱部材２２は、第１被覆部２２１と第２被覆部２２２とを有し、蓄熱部材２１の一部を覆うように形成される。第１被覆部２２１は、幅方向Ｘ２に沿って延長した直方体形状に形成されており、蓄熱部材２１における太陽電池パネル１と対向する第１面２１１を全面にわたって覆っている。第２被覆部２２２は、幅方向Ｘ２に沿って延長した直方体形状に形成されており、勾配方向Ｘ１における蓄熱部材２１の上側の第２面２１２を全面にわたって覆っている。さらに、第２被覆部２２２は、勾配方向Ｘ１における第１被覆部２２１の上端と連続するように、屋根４１の表面の鉛直方向に向かって延長して形成されている。   The heat insulating member 22 has a first covering portion 221 and a second covering portion 222 and is formed so as to cover a part of the heat storage member 21. The 1st coating | coated part 221 is formed in the rectangular parallelepiped shape extended along the width direction X2, and has covered the 1st surface 211 which opposes the solar cell panel 1 in the thermal storage member 21 over the whole surface. The 2nd coating | coated part 222 is formed in the rectangular parallelepiped shape extended along the width direction X2, and has covered the 2nd surface 212 of the upper side of the thermal storage member 21 in the gradient direction X1 over the whole surface. Furthermore, the 2nd coating | coated part 222 is extended and formed toward the perpendicular direction of the surface of the roof 41 so that the upper end of the 1st coating | coated part 221 in the gradient direction X1 may be followed.

すなわち、断熱部材２２は、勾配方向Ｘ１において蓄熱部材２１の下側の第３面２１３が通気層３の空気と接触するように断面がＬ字状に形成されており、蓄熱部材２１が第１面２１１、第２面２１２から放熱することを抑制する。なお、断熱部材２２を構成する材料は、例えばウレタンやポリスチレンなどの樹脂を発泡させた発泡材料、例えばグラスウールなどの繊維系材料が用いられる。   That is, the heat insulating member 22 has a L-shaped cross section so that the lower third surface 213 of the heat storage member 21 is in contact with the air in the ventilation layer 3 in the gradient direction X1, and the heat storage member 21 is the first. Heat dissipation from the surface 211 and the second surface 212 is suppressed. The material constituting the heat insulating member 22 is, for example, a foamed material obtained by foaming a resin such as urethane or polystyrene, for example, a fiber material such as glass wool.

次に、蓄熱部材２１、断熱部材２２のサイズについて説明する。なお、以下の説明において、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１の寸法を奥行寸法、勾配方向Ｘ１に直交する幅方向Ｘ２の寸法を幅寸法、屋根４１の表面に対して鉛直方向の寸法を高さ寸法とする。また、太陽電池パネル１の幅寸法をＷ１、奥行寸法をＤ１とし、蓄熱部材２１の幅寸法をＷ２、奥行寸法をＤ２、高さ寸法をＨ２とし、断熱部材２２の高さ寸法をＨ３とする。また、太陽電池パネル１から屋根４１までの距離をＬ１とする。   Next, the size of the heat storage member 21 and the heat insulation member 22 will be described. In the following description, the dimension in the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41 is the depth dimension, the dimension in the width direction X2 orthogonal to the gradient direction X1 is the width dimension, and the dimension in the vertical direction with respect to the surface of the roof 41 is the height dimension. To do. Further, the width dimension of the solar cell panel 1 is W1, the depth dimension is D1, the width dimension of the heat storage member 21 is W2, the depth dimension is D2, the height dimension is H2, and the height dimension of the heat insulating member 22 is H3. . The distance from the solar cell panel 1 to the roof 41 is L1.

蓄熱部材２１は、幅寸法Ｗ２が太陽電池パネル１の幅寸法Ｗ１に対して７５％〜８５％程度の寸法に形成され、奥行寸法Ｄ２が太陽電池パネル１の奥行寸法Ｄ１に対して１０％〜１５％程度の寸法に形成される。例えば、太陽電池パネル１のサイズが、幅寸法Ｗ１＝１．５ｍ、奥行寸法Ｄ１＝０．８ｍである場合、蓄熱部材２１のサイズは、幅寸法Ｗ２＝１．２ｍ、奥行寸法Ｄ２＝０．１ｍなどに形成される。   The heat storage member 21 is formed so that the width dimension W2 is about 75% to 85% with respect to the width dimension W1 of the solar cell panel 1, and the depth dimension D2 is 10% to the depth dimension D1 of the solar cell panel 1. It is formed with a dimension of about 15%. For example, when the size of the solar cell panel 1 is the width dimension W1 = 1.5 m and the depth dimension D1 = 0.8 m, the size of the heat storage member 21 is the width dimension W2 = 1.2 m, the depth dimension D2 = 0. 1m or the like.

また、断熱部材２２は、蓄熱部材２１の第１面２１１、第２面２１２を覆う形状であるので、高さ寸法Ｈ３が、蓄熱部材２１の高さ寸法Ｈ２（例えば０．０３ｍ）よりも大きい寸法に形成される。さらに、断熱部材２２は、高さ寸法Ｈ３が、太陽電池パネル１から屋根４１までの距離Ｌ１よりも小さい寸法に形成されており、太陽電池パネル１と断熱部材２２との間に隙間が形成される。すなわち、蓄熱部材２１および断熱部材２２は、太陽電池パネル１から離れるような形状に形成されている。   Moreover, since the heat insulation member 22 is a shape which covers the 1st surface 211 and the 2nd surface 212 of the thermal storage member 21, the height dimension H3 is larger than the height dimension H2 (for example, 0.03 m) of the thermal storage member 21. Formed into dimensions. Furthermore, the heat insulation member 22 is formed such that the height dimension H3 is smaller than the distance L1 from the solar cell panel 1 to the roof 41, and a gap is formed between the solar cell panel 1 and the heat insulation member 22. The That is, the heat storage member 21 and the heat insulating member 22 are formed in a shape that is separated from the solar cell panel 1.

このように、本実施形態の集熱システムは、複数段の太陽電池パネル１と屋根４１との間に形成される通気層３に設けられた集熱部材２を備える。以下に、この集熱部材２による効果を図４を用いて説明する。図４は、通気層３における空気の温度の変化を示すグラフであり、横軸は通気層３内の位置を示し、縦軸は通気層３の空気の温度を示す。なお、通気層３内の位置を区別するために、通気層３のうち太陽電池パネル１Ａによって形成された部分を通気層３Ａ、同様に太陽電池パネル１Ｂ〜１Ｆによって形成されたそれぞれの部分を通気層３Ｂ〜３Ｆという。   As described above, the heat collection system of the present embodiment includes the heat collection member 2 provided in the ventilation layer 3 formed between the multi-stage solar cell panel 1 and the roof 41. Below, the effect by this heat collecting member 2 is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the temperature of air in the ventilation layer 3, the horizontal axis indicates the position in the ventilation layer 3, and the vertical axis indicates the temperature of air in the ventilation layer 3. In order to distinguish the position in the ventilation layer 3, the portion of the ventilation layer 3 formed by the solar cell panel 1A is vented by the ventilation layer 3A, and each portion formed by the solar cell panels 1B to 1F is similarly ventilated. It is referred to as layers 3B-3F.

また、図４を用いた以下の説明では、一例として、冬季における晴天での使用であり、太陽電池パネル１Ａ〜１Ｆの温度が３５℃、通気層３Ａに流入する空気の温度（外気温）が５℃、潜熱蓄熱材の転移温度が１５℃である場合を例とする。   Moreover, in the following description using FIG. 4, it is the use in the clear sky in winter as an example, the temperature (outside temperature) of the air which flows into 3 A of ventilation layers 3A with the temperature of solar cell panel 1A-1F being 35 degreeC. The case where the transition temperature of the latent heat storage material is 5 ° C. is 15 ° C. is taken as an example.

図４に示すように、集熱部材２が設けられた通気層３Ｆよりも勾配方向Ｘ１の下側にある通気層３Ａ〜３Ｅにおいて、通気層３Ａ〜３Ｅの空気は太陽電池パネル１Ａ〜１Ｅによって暖められながら勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って上昇する。したがって、通気層３Ａから通気層３Ｅに向かうにつれて空気の温度が上昇し、図４に示す例では、通気層３Ａ〜３Ｅにおいて空気の温度が５℃から約１９℃まで上昇している。また、通気層３Ｅでは、流入する空気と流出する空気との温度差が所定値（例えば１℃）未満であり、空気の温度上昇が飽和している。   As shown in FIG. 4, in the ventilation layers 3 </ b> A to 3 </ b> E below the gradient direction X <b> 1 with respect to the ventilation layer 3 </ b> F provided with the heat collecting member 2, the air in the ventilation layers 3 </ b> A to 3 </ b> E is transmitted by the solar cell panels 1 </ b> A to 1 </ b> E. It rises along the gradient direction X1 while being warmed. Therefore, the air temperature rises from the air-permeable layer 3A toward the air-permeable layer 3E, and in the example shown in FIG. 4, the air temperature rises from 5 ° C. to about 19 ° C. in the air-permeable layers 3A to 3E. Further, in the ventilation layer 3E, the temperature difference between the inflowing air and the outflowing air is less than a predetermined value (for example, 1 ° C.), and the temperature rise of the air is saturated.

ここで、太陽電池パネル１から通気層３の空気に移動する熱エネルギーは、太陽電池パネル１と空気との温度差によって決まる。太陽電池パネル１と空気との温度差が小さいほど、太陽電池パネル１から空気に移動する熱エネルギーが小さくなる、すなわち、太陽電池パネル１と空気との間の熱交換効率が低下して空気の温度上昇率が減少する。図４に示すように、通気層３Ａ〜３Ｅにおいて、通気層３Ａから通気層３Ｅに向かうにつれて、空気の温度が上昇するので太陽電池パネル１と空気との温度差が小さくなり、太陽電池パネル１と空気との熱交換効率が低下する。   Here, the thermal energy transferred from the solar cell panel 1 to the air in the ventilation layer 3 is determined by the temperature difference between the solar cell panel 1 and the air. The smaller the temperature difference between the solar cell panel 1 and the air, the smaller the heat energy transferred from the solar cell panel 1 to the air, that is, the heat exchange efficiency between the solar cell panel 1 and the air is reduced. The temperature rise rate decreases. As shown in FIG. 4, in the ventilation layers 3 </ b> A to 3 </ b> E, as the temperature of the air increases from the ventilation layer 3 </ b> A toward the ventilation layer 3 </ b> E, the temperature difference between the solar cell panel 1 and the air becomes small. The efficiency of heat exchange with air is reduced.

本実施形態では、通気層３Ｅよりも勾配方向Ｘ１の上側にある通気層３Ｆにおいて、空気の流入口付近に集熱部材２が設けられている。この集熱部材２が有する蓄熱部材２１の転移温度は、１５℃に設定されおり、通気層３Ｆに流入する空気の温度（１９℃）よりも低い。したがって、通気層３Ｆにおいて、空気が蓄熱部材２１に接触することによって、空気から蓄熱部材２１に熱エネルギーが移動する。これにより、蓄熱部材２１に熱エネルギーが蓄積され、蓄熱部材２１に接触した空気の温度が低下する。また、蓄熱部材２１の一部を覆う断熱部材２２によって、蓄熱部材２１に蓄積された熱エネルギーの放出が抑制される。   In the present embodiment, the heat collection member 2 is provided in the vicinity of the air inlet in the ventilation layer 3F located above the ventilation layer 3E in the gradient direction X1. The transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 of the heat collecting member 2 is set to 15 ° C., which is lower than the temperature of air flowing into the ventilation layer 3F (19 ° C.). Therefore, in the ventilation layer 3 </ b> F, when the air contacts the heat storage member 21, thermal energy moves from the air to the heat storage member 21. Thereby, thermal energy is accumulated in the heat storage member 21, and the temperature of the air in contact with the heat storage member 21 is lowered. Further, the heat insulating member 22 covering a part of the heat storage member 21 suppresses the release of the thermal energy accumulated in the heat storage member 21.

そして、集熱部材２を通過した空気は、太陽電池パネル１Ｆによって再び暖められる。このとき、集熱部材２によって空気が冷やされているので、太陽電池パネル１Ｆと空気との温度差が大きくなり、太陽電池パネル１Ｆと空気との間の熱交換効率が向上するので、空気の温度上昇率が増加する。そして、太陽電池パネル１Ｆによって再び暖められた空気は、開口部４２を介して屋内の空間に引き込まれる。   And the air which passed the heat collecting member 2 is warmed again by the solar cell panel 1F. At this time, since the air is cooled by the heat collecting member 2, the temperature difference between the solar cell panel 1F and the air is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency between the solar cell panel 1F and the air is improved. The temperature rise rate increases. Then, the air heated again by the solar cell panel 1F is drawn into the indoor space through the opening 42.

また、蓄熱部材２１に蓄積された熱エネルギーは、例えば夜間などの太陽電池パネル１の温度が低下した際に用いられる。太陽電池パネル１の温度が低下した場合、太陽電池パネル１から通気層３の空気に移動する熱エネルギーが低下する。これにより、集熱部材２が設けられた通気層３Ｆに流入する空気の温度が、集熱部材２の蓄熱部材２１の転移温度よりも低くなる場合がある。このような場合、蓄熱部材２１に蓄積された熱エネルギーが放出され、蓄熱部材２１に接触した空気が暖められる。そして、蓄熱部材２１によって暖められた空気は、開口部４２を介して屋内の空間に引き込まれる。すなわち、夜間であっても、集熱部材２により暖められた空気を屋内の空間に送り込むことができる。   Further, the thermal energy accumulated in the heat storage member 21 is used when the temperature of the solar cell panel 1 is lowered, for example, at night. When the temperature of the solar cell panel 1 decreases, the thermal energy that moves from the solar cell panel 1 to the air in the ventilation layer 3 decreases. Thereby, the temperature of the air flowing into the ventilation layer 3 </ b> F provided with the heat collecting member 2 may be lower than the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 of the heat collecting member 2. In such a case, the thermal energy accumulated in the heat storage member 21 is released, and the air that has contacted the heat storage member 21 is warmed. The air heated by the heat storage member 21 is drawn into the indoor space through the opening 42. That is, even at night, the air warmed by the heat collecting member 2 can be sent into the indoor space.

そして、暖められた通気層３の空気は、例えば日当たりがよくない北側の部屋、一般に暖房器具が設けられていない廊下やトイレ、脱衣所などの比較的狭い空間などの暖房、または２４時間換気の給気に用いられ、屋内における温度差を軽減することができる。   The heated air in the ventilation layer 3 is heated in a relatively narrow space such as a room in the north where the sun is not sunny, a corridor, a toilet, and a dressing room that are generally not provided with heating equipment, or a 24-hour ventilation. It is used for air supply and can reduce the temperature difference indoors.

このように、本実施形態では、太陽電池パネル１によって暖められた空気の熱エネルギーの一部が集熱部材２に蓄積され、集熱部材２によって冷やされた空気が、太陽電池パネル１によって効率よく再び暖められる。すなわち、本実施形態では、太陽光の熱エネルギーが通気層３の空気と集熱部材２とに蓄積されるので、太陽光の集熱効率が向上する。さらに、集熱部材２に蓄積された熱エネルギーを夜間に放出することによって、夜間であっても暖かい空気を屋内の空間に送り込むことができる。すなわち、本実施形態では、太陽熱を昼間だけでなく夜間にも用いる時間差利用が可能となる。   Thus, in this embodiment, a part of the thermal energy of the air warmed by the solar cell panel 1 is accumulated in the heat collecting member 2, and the air cooled by the heat collecting member 2 is efficiently used by the solar cell panel 1. Well warmed again. That is, in the present embodiment, the heat energy of sunlight is accumulated in the air of the ventilation layer 3 and the heat collecting member 2, so that the heat collecting efficiency of sunlight is improved. Furthermore, by releasing the thermal energy accumulated in the heat collecting member 2 at night, warm air can be sent into the indoor space even at night. That is, in this embodiment, the time difference utilization which uses solar heat not only in the daytime but also at night becomes possible.

さらに、蓄熱部材２１は、勾配方向Ｘ１と直交する幅方向Ｘ２に沿って屋根４１に設置されており、断熱部材２２は、勾配方向Ｘ１における蓄熱部材２１の下側の第３面２１３が露出するように蓄熱部材２１を覆っている。すなわち、蓄熱部材２１は、通気層３における空気の流れを遮るように設置されているので、より多くの空気を蓄熱部材２１に接触させることができ、蓄熱部材２１と空気との間の熱交換効率が向上する。これにより、昼間においては、通気層３Ｆの空気をより冷やすことができるので、太陽電池パネル１Ｆと空気との熱交換効率をより向上させることができる。また、夜間においては、通気層３Ｆの空気をより暖めることができ、屋内の空間により暖かい空気を送り込むことができる。これにより、太陽光の集熱効率をより向上させることができる。   Furthermore, the heat storage member 21 is installed on the roof 41 along the width direction X2 orthogonal to the gradient direction X1, and the heat insulation member 22 exposes the third surface 213 below the heat storage member 21 in the gradient direction X1. Thus, the heat storage member 21 is covered. That is, since the heat storage member 21 is installed so as to block the flow of air in the vent layer 3, more air can be brought into contact with the heat storage member 21, and heat exchange between the heat storage member 21 and air is possible. Efficiency is improved. Thereby, in the daytime, the air of the ventilation layer 3F can be further cooled, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the solar cell panel 1F and the air can be further improved. Further, at night, the air in the ventilation layer 3F can be further warmed, and warm air can be sent into the indoor space. Thereby, the heat collection efficiency of sunlight can be improved more.

また、集熱部材２は、屋根４１に設置されており、太陽電池パネル１Ｆとの間に隙間が形成されている。したがって、通気層３Ｆにおいて蓄熱部材２１に接触した空気は、蓄熱部材２１と太陽電池パネル１Ｆとの間に形成された隙間に流れるので、より多くの空気を太陽電池パネル１Ｆに接触させることができる。これにより、太陽電池パネル１Ｆと空気との熱交換効率が向上し、蓄熱部材２１によって冷やされた空気をより効果的に暖めることができ、さらに太陽電池パネル１Ｆの温度を低下させることができる。   Moreover, the heat collection member 2 is installed in the roof 41, and the clearance gap is formed between the solar cell panels 1F. Therefore, since the air which contacted the heat storage member 21 in the ventilation layer 3F flows into the gap formed between the heat storage member 21 and the solar cell panel 1F, more air can be brought into contact with the solar cell panel 1F. . Thereby, the heat exchange efficiency between the solar cell panel 1F and air is improved, the air cooled by the heat storage member 21 can be more effectively warmed, and the temperature of the solar cell panel 1F can be further reduced.

また、集熱部材２の設置は、屋根４１に載せて固定するのみであるので施工が容易であり、施工性が向上する。   Further, since the heat collecting member 2 is simply placed on the roof 41 and fixed, the construction is easy and the workability is improved.

また、本実施形態の蓄熱部材２１は、潜熱蓄熱材で構成されているので、転移温度の調整が容易となる。ここで、蓄熱部材２１の転移温度が通気層３の温度に対して高過ぎる場合、昼間に通気層３の空気を冷やすことができない。一方、蓄熱部材２１の転移温度が低すぎる場合、夜間に通気層３の空気を暖房として用いることができない。そこで、本実施形態の集熱システム、集熱部材２は、冬季での使用を想定しており、蓄熱部材２１の転移温度は、屋内に設置された暖房器具の設定温度よりも５℃程度低い温度に設定されている。一般的に暖房器具の設定温度は２０℃程度であるので、本実施形態の蓄熱部材２１の転移温度は、２０℃よりも５℃低い１５℃に設定されている。蓄熱部材２１の転移温度をこのような温度に設定することによって、昼間において通気層３の空気の温度が暖房器具の設定温度付近よりも高く屋内で利用する場合、蓄熱部材２１の転移温度は、蓄熱部材２１に接触する空気の温度よりも低くなる。これにより、蓄熱部材２１に熱エネルギーを蓄積し、通気層３の空気を一旦冷やすことができる。また、蓄熱部材２１の転移温度が、暖房器具の設定温度に対して低過ぎないので、夜間において蓄熱部材２１によって暖められた通気層３の空気を暖房に用いることができる。なお、上記数値は一例であって上記に限定せず、地域、外気温などに応じて適宜設定される。   Moreover, since the heat storage member 21 of this embodiment is comprised with the latent heat storage material, adjustment of transition temperature becomes easy. Here, when the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 is too high with respect to the temperature of the ventilation layer 3, the air of the ventilation layer 3 cannot be cooled in the daytime. On the other hand, when the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 is too low, the air of the ventilation layer 3 cannot be used as heating at night. Therefore, the heat collection system and the heat collection member 2 of the present embodiment are assumed to be used in winter, and the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 is about 5 ° C. lower than the set temperature of the heater installed indoors. The temperature is set. Since the set temperature of the heating appliance is generally about 20 ° C., the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 of the present embodiment is set to 15 ° C., which is 5 ° C. lower than 20 ° C. By setting the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 to such a temperature, when the air temperature of the ventilation layer 3 is higher than the vicinity of the set temperature of the heater in the daytime and is used indoors, the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 is It becomes lower than the temperature of the air in contact with the heat storage member 21. Thereby, thermal energy can be accumulated in the heat storage member 21, and the air of the ventilation layer 3 can be once cooled. Moreover, since the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 is not too low with respect to the set temperature of a heating appliance, the air of the ventilation layer 3 warmed by the heat storage member 21 at night can be used for heating. In addition, the said numerical value is an example, is not limited to the above, It sets suitably according to an area | region, external temperature, etc.

また、本実施形態の蓄熱部材２１は、固相と液相との間の転移時における潜熱を用いて熱エネルギーの蓄積または放出を行うので、相の転移時における体積の変動が抑制される。さらに、蓄熱部材２１は、断熱部材２２によって一部が覆われているので、相の転移時における熱収縮が防止される。   In addition, since the heat storage member 21 of the present embodiment stores or releases thermal energy using latent heat at the time of transition between the solid phase and the liquid phase, volume fluctuations at the time of phase transition are suppressed. Further, since the heat storage member 21 is partially covered by the heat insulating member 22, thermal contraction during phase transition is prevented.

また、断熱部材２２によって、蓄熱部材２１に蓄積された熱エネルギーの放出が抑制されるので、蓄熱部材２１から放出される熱エネルギーによる太陽電池パネル１の温度上昇を防止することができ、太陽電池パネル１の発電効率の低下を抑制することができる。   Moreover, since release | release of the thermal energy accumulate | stored in the thermal storage member 21 is suppressed by the heat insulation member 22, the temperature rise of the solar cell panel 1 by the thermal energy released from the thermal storage member 21 can be prevented, and a solar cell A decrease in power generation efficiency of panel 1 can be suppressed.

このように、本実施形態の集熱部材２は、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って配置された複数段の太陽電池パネル１と屋根４１との間に形成された通気層３に設けられる蓄熱部材２１と、蓄熱部材２１の一部を覆う断熱部材２２とを備える。また、通気層３は、複数段の太陽電池パネル１のうち勾配方向Ｘ１における最上段の太陽電池パネル１と対向する箇所の屋根４１に形成された開口部４２を介して、屋内の空間に繋がっている。蓄熱部材２１は、通気層３の一部を残して勾配方向Ｘ１における開口部４２よりも下側の位置に設けられる。断熱部材２２は、蓄熱部材２１における太陽電池パネル１と対向する箇所を覆う第１被覆部２２１と、蓄熱部材２１における勾配方向Ｘ１の上側を覆う第２被覆部２２２とを有する。   As described above, the heat collecting member 2 of the present embodiment is a heat storage provided in the ventilation layer 3 formed between the roof 41 and the solar battery panels 1 of a plurality of stages arranged along the gradient direction X1 of the roof 41. A member 21 and a heat insulating member 22 covering a part of the heat storage member 21 are provided. The ventilation layer 3 is connected to an indoor space through an opening 42 formed in the roof 41 at a location facing the uppermost solar cell panel 1 in the gradient direction X1 among the multiple solar cell panels 1. ing. The heat storage member 21 is provided at a position below the opening 42 in the gradient direction X1 leaving a part of the ventilation layer 3. The heat insulating member 22 includes a first covering portion 221 that covers a portion of the heat storage member 21 that faces the solar cell panel 1 and a second covering portion 222 that covers the upper side of the gradient direction X1 of the heat storage member 21.

また、本実施形態の集熱システムは、上記集熱部材２と、屋根４１の勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って配置された複数段の太陽電池パネル１と、ファン４４とを備える。ファン４４は、複数段の太陽電池パネル１と屋根４１との間に形成される通気層３の空気を、複数段の太陽電池パネル１のうち勾配方向Ｘ１の最上段の太陽電池パネル１と対向する箇所の屋根４１に形成された開口部４２を介して、屋内の空間に送り込む。   In addition, the heat collection system of the present embodiment includes the heat collection member 2, a plurality of solar cell panels 1 arranged along the gradient direction X <b> 1 of the roof 41, and the fan 44. The fan 44 opposes the air in the ventilation layer 3 formed between the multiple-stage solar cell panels 1 and the roof 41 to the uppermost solar cell panel 1 in the gradient direction X1 among the multiple-stage solar cell panels 1. It is fed into an indoor space through an opening 42 formed in the roof 41 at the location to be performed.

上記構成により、太陽電池パネル１によって暖められた空気の熱エネルギーの一部が集熱部材２に蓄積され、集熱部材２によって冷やされた空気が、太陽電池パネル１によって効率よく再び暖められるので、太陽光の集熱効率が向上する。   With the above configuration, a part of the heat energy of the air heated by the solar cell panel 1 is accumulated in the heat collecting member 2, and the air cooled by the heat collecting member 2 is efficiently reheated by the solar cell panel 1. , Solar heat collection efficiency is improved.

また、本実施形態の蓄熱部材２１は、潜熱蓄熱材で構成され、蓄熱部材２１の転移温度は、蓄熱部材２１に接触する空気の温度よりも低い。上記構成により、昼間に蓄熱部材２１に熱エネルギーを蓄積して通気層３の空気を一旦冷やし、太陽電池パネル１と空気との間の熱交換効率を向上させることができる。   Moreover, the heat storage member 21 of this embodiment is comprised with a latent heat storage material, and the transition temperature of the heat storage member 21 is lower than the temperature of the air which contacts the heat storage member 21. With the above configuration, heat energy can be accumulated in the heat storage member 21 in the daytime to temporarily cool the air in the ventilation layer 3, and the heat exchange efficiency between the solar cell panel 1 and the air can be improved.

また、本実施形態の蓄熱部材２１および断熱部材２２は、太陽電池パネル１から離れる形状に形成されている。上記構成により、蓄熱部材２１に接触した空気が太陽電池パネル１と断熱部材２２との間を流れるので、太陽電池パネル１により多くの空気を接触させることができ、蓄熱部材２１によって冷やされた空気をより効果的に暖めることができる。   Moreover, the heat storage member 21 and the heat insulation member 22 of this embodiment are formed in the shape away from the solar cell panel 1. With the above configuration, since the air that has contacted the heat storage member 21 flows between the solar cell panel 1 and the heat insulating member 22, more air can be brought into contact with the solar cell panel 1, and the air cooled by the heat storage member 21. Can be warmed more effectively.

また、本実施形態の蓄熱部材２１および断熱部材２２は、屋根４１における勾配方向Ｘ１と交差した幅方向Ｘ２に延長した形状に形成されている。上記構成により、通気層３において、勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って流れる空気を遮るように蓄熱部材２１が設置されるので、より多くの空気を蓄熱部材２１に接触させることができ、空気をより効率よく冷やすことができる。   Further, the heat storage member 21 and the heat insulating member 22 of the present embodiment are formed in a shape extending in the width direction X2 intersecting the gradient direction X1 in the roof 41. With the above configuration, since the heat storage member 21 is installed in the ventilation layer 3 so as to block the air flowing along the gradient direction X1, more air can be brought into contact with the heat storage member 21, and the air can be more efficiently used. Can be cooled.

なお、本実施形態では、通気層３のうち勾配方向Ｘ１の最上段にある太陽電池パネル１Ｆと屋根４１との間に形成される通気層３Ｆに、集熱部材２が設置されているが、集熱部材２の設置位置は上記に限定しない。例えば、集熱部材２は、空気の温度上昇が飽和する通気層３Ｅ、流入する空気の温度が潜熱蓄熱材の転移温度よりも高い通気層３Ｄなどに設けられていてもよい。また、通気層３に設置する集熱部材２の数は１つに限定せず、１つの通気層３に複数の集熱部材２が設けられた構成であってもよい。また、本実施形態では、集熱部材２は幅方向Ｘ２に沿って配置されているが、勾配方向Ｘ１に沿って配置された構成であってもよい。   In the present embodiment, the heat collection member 2 is installed in the ventilation layer 3F formed between the solar cell panel 1F and the roof 41 in the uppermost stage in the gradient direction X1 of the ventilation layer 3, The installation position of the heat collecting member 2 is not limited to the above. For example, the heat collecting member 2 may be provided in the ventilation layer 3E in which the temperature rise of air is saturated, the ventilation layer 3D in which the temperature of the inflowing air is higher than the transition temperature of the latent heat storage material, and the like. Further, the number of the heat collecting members 2 to be installed in the ventilation layer 3 is not limited to one, and a configuration in which a plurality of the heat collecting members 2 are provided in one ventilation layer 3 may be used. Moreover, in this embodiment, although the heat collecting member 2 is arrange | positioned along the width direction X2, the structure arrange | positioned along the gradient direction X1 may be sufficient.

なお、上述した実施形態は本発明の一例である。このため、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されることはなく、この実施形態以外であっても、本発明に係る技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲であれば、設計等に応じて種々の変更が可能であることはもちろんのことである。   The above-described embodiment is an example of the present invention. For this reason, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made according to design and the like as long as the technical idea according to the present invention is not deviated from this embodiment. Of course, it can be changed.

１（１Ａ〜１Ｆ） 太陽電池パネル
２ 集熱部材
２１ 蓄熱部材
２２ 断熱部材
２２１ 第１被覆部
２２２ 第２被覆部
３（３Ａ〜３Ｆ） 通気層
４２ 開口部
４４ ファン 1 (1A to 1F) Solar panel 2 Heat collecting member 21 Heat storage member 22 Heat insulating member 221 First covering portion 222 Second covering portion 3 (3A to 3F) Vent layer 42 Opening portion 44 Fan

Claims (5)

屋根の勾配方向に沿って配置された複数段の太陽電池パネルと前記屋根との間に形成された通気層に設けられる蓄熱部材と、
前記蓄熱部材の一部を覆う断熱部材とを備え、
前記通気層は、前記複数段の太陽電池パネルのうち前記勾配方向における最上段の太陽電池パネルと対向する箇所の前記屋根に形成された開口部を介して、屋内の空間に繋がっており、
前記蓄熱部材は、前記通気層の一部を残して前記勾配方向における前記開口部よりも下側の位置に設けられ、
前記断熱部材は、前記蓄熱部材における前記太陽電池パネルと対向する箇所を覆う第１被覆部と、前記蓄熱部材における前記勾配方向の上側を覆う第２被覆部とを有する
ことを特徴とする集熱部材。 A heat storage member provided in a ventilation layer formed between a plurality of solar cell panels arranged along the gradient direction of the roof and the roof;
A heat insulating member covering a part of the heat storage member,
The ventilation layer is connected to an indoor space through an opening formed in the roof at a location facing the uppermost solar cell panel in the gradient direction among the multiple-stage solar cell panels,
The heat storage member is provided at a position below the opening in the gradient direction leaving a part of the ventilation layer,
The heat insulating member includes a first covering portion that covers a portion of the heat storage member that faces the solar cell panel, and a second covering portion that covers an upper side of the gradient direction of the heat storage member. Element. 前記蓄熱部材は、潜熱蓄熱材で構成され、
前記蓄熱部材の転移温度は、前記蓄熱部材に接触する空気の温度よりも低い
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の集熱部材。 The heat storage member is composed of a latent heat storage material,
The heat collection member according to claim 1, wherein a transition temperature of the heat storage member is lower than a temperature of air in contact with the heat storage member. 前記蓄熱部材および前記断熱部材は、前記太陽電池パネルから離れる形状に形成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の集熱部材。 The heat collecting member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat storage member and the heat insulating member are formed in a shape separated from the solar cell panel. 前記蓄熱部材および前記断熱部材は、前記屋根における前記勾配方向と交差した方向に延長した形状に形成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項１〜３のうちいずれか１項に記載の集熱部材。 The said heat storage member and the said heat insulation member are formed in the shape extended in the direction crossing the said gradient direction in the said roof. The heat collection member of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. . 請求項１〜４のうちいずれか１項に記載の集熱部材と、
屋根の勾配方向に沿って配置された複数段の太陽電池パネルと、
前記複数段の太陽電池パネルと屋根との間に形成される通気層の空気を、前記複数段の太陽電池パネルのうち前記勾配方向の最上段の太陽電池パネルと対向する箇所の前記屋根に形成された開口部を介して、屋内の空間に送り込むファンとを備える
ことを特徴とする集熱システム。
The heat collecting member according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A plurality of solar panels arranged along the slope direction of the roof;
Air in a ventilation layer formed between the plurality of solar cell panels and the roof is formed on the roof at a position facing the uppermost solar cell panel in the gradient direction among the plurality of solar cell panels. And a fan that feeds into an indoor space through the opened opening.
JP2014249137A 2014-12-09 2014-12-09 Heat collection member and heat collection system Pending JP2016108885A (en)

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