JP2016005524A - Blood purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood purification device, where a pair of plunger pumps disposed in a dialysis line that can simultaneously deliver fresh dialysis solution and discharge used dialysis solution, and can also remove water and perform back filtration.SOLUTION: The blood purification device includes a blood purifier 1, a blood circuit 2, a blood pump 3, and a dialysis line 4 formed from a fresh dialysis solution delivery line 41 and a used dialysis solution discharge line 42. A pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are disposed in the dialysis line 4. The pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are synchronized such that fresh dialysis solution is ejected from the plunger pump 51 at the same time that used dialysis solution is suctioned into the plunger pump 52. At least one of the strokes of the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 is variable.

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification apparatus in which a pair of plunger pumps are disposed in a dialysate line.

  Conventionally, hemodialysis and blood filtration using a blood purification apparatus have been performed in order to improve a serious condition such as a patient with renal failure or a patient with hyperhydration due to postoperative surgical fluid injection. In order to supply fresh dialysate to the blood purifier and discharge spent dialysate from the blood purifier, a conventional reciprocating pump that can supply fresh dialysate and discharge spent dialysate at the same time has been used. Although these are known (Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2), this requires a separate water removal pump and pressure pump in order to perform water removal and reverse filtration. There was a problem.

  Plunger pumps that do not require a valve for extracting air from the dialysate as a reciprocating pump have also been proposed (Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4), both of which supply and use fresh dialysate It was not possible to discharge the dialyzed solution at the same time, and it was necessary to improve in order to perform these simultaneously.

Japanese Patent No. 3328078 JP 2003-199820 A JP 2001-248543 A JP 2001-234850 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. A pair of plunger pumps that can supply fresh dialysate and discharge used dialysate at the same time, and perform water removal and reverse filtration are arranged in the dialysate line. An object of the present invention is to provide a blood purification apparatus.

  The blood purification device of the present invention is a blood purification device comprising a blood purification device, a blood circuit, a blood pump, and a dialysate line comprising a fresh dialysate supply line and a used dialysate discharge line. A pair of plunger pumps are disposed in the dialysate line, and the pair of plunger pumps simultaneously discharges fresh dialysate from one plunger pump and sucks used dialysate into the other plunger pump. And at least one stroke of the pair of plunger pumps is variable.

  Here, as the pair of plunger pumps disposed in the dialysate line, specifically, the pair of plunger pumps are disposed on the mirror object with respect to the rotation shaft of the synchronization motor, and the center of the rotation shaft. A motor that is connected to each other through the synchronizing motor and the drive joint located in the section is employed. In this case, the stroke of the plunger pump on the fresh dialysate discharge side is fixed, and the adjustment of the stroke of the plunger pump on the used dialysate suction side is performed in the horizontal direction between the plunger pump and the rotating shaft of the synchronizing motor. It is also possible to use an angle adjusting motor that adjusts the inclination angle of the lens.

  In addition, as a pair of plunger pumps disposed in the dialysate line, the radius of rotation of the drive joint on the used dialysate suction side is made larger than the radius of rotation of the drive joint on the fresh dialysate discharge side. The stroke of the plunger pump on the dialysate suction side may be variable.

  Further, the blood purification apparatus according to the present invention provides a blood purification device, a blood circuit connected to the blood purification device, a blood pump for generating a blood flow in the blood circuit, and the blood purification device. A dialysate line having a fresh dialysate supply line and a used dialysate discharge line connected to each other, and a pair of plunger pumps provided in the fresh dialysate supply line and the used dialysate discharge line, respectively. It has. The discharge of fresh dialysate by the plunger pump provided in the fresh dialysate supply line and the suction of used dialysate by the plunger pump provided in the used dialysate discharge line are synchronized so as to be performed simultaneously. ing.

  Further, the stroke of at least one of the plunger pumps provided in the fresh dialysate supply line and the used dialysate discharge line may be variable.

  Further, a synchronization motor and a drive joint that is rotated by applying a driving force from the synchronization motor, and the pair of plunger pumps are mirrors with respect to a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the synchronization motor. They are arranged symmetrically and may be connected to the synchronizing motor by the drive joint.

  The plunger pump having a variable stroke of the pair of plunger pumps may be capable of adjusting an angle at which the plunger shaft is inclined with respect to the rotation shaft of the synchronization motor.

  Moreover, you may further comprise the angle adjustment motor which changes the inclination-angle of the axis | shaft of the said plunger.

  Moreover, the stroke of the plunger pump provided in the used dialysate discharge line may be variable.

  Further, the radius of rotation of the drive joint on the used dialysate suction side may be larger than the radius of rotation of the drive joint on the fresh dialysate discharge side.

  Further, the plunger pump may be a valveless plunger pump, and another pair of plunger pumps whose phases are shifted by 180 ° may be provided in parallel with the dialysate line.

  Although the present invention has been generally described above, a better understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific embodiments. These examples are provided herein for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting unless otherwise specified.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a blood purification apparatus in which a pair of plunger pumps capable of simultaneously supplying fresh dialysate and discharging used dialysate and performing dewatering and reverse filtration are provided in the dialysate line. Realized.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the blood purification apparatus 10 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic plan view which shows the structure of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 vicinity. It is a schematic side view which shows the structure of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 vicinity. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the swing angle (theta) of the plunger pump 52, and the stroke d2 (however, drive radius 29.5mm). It is a schematic plan view which shows the modification of plunger pumps 51 and 52. FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the swing angle (theta) of the plunger pump 52 and stroke d2 in a modification (however, drive radius 34.5 mm).

  Hereinafter, in order to make the present invention more specific, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are a schematic plan view and a side view showing one embodiment of the plunger pump of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the blood purification apparatus 10 includes a blood purification device 1, a blood circuit 2, a blood pump 3, a dialysate line 4 including a fresh dialysate supply line 41 and a used dialysate discharge line 42. , Comprising. A pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 is disposed in the dialysate line 4.

  The blood purifier 1 has a hollow fiber filled inside a container having a first port 81, a second port 82, a third port 83, and a fourth port 84 for inflow and outflow of blood and dialysate. The blood is circulated through the inner space of the hollow fiber through the first port 81 and the second port 82, and the dialysate is circulated to the outside of the hollow fiber through the third port 83 and the fourth port 84. The blood is dehydrated or reverse filtered.

  The blood circuit 2 is connected to the first port 81 and the second port 82. The blood circuit 2 constitutes a blood flow path composed of a resin tube or the like. The blood circuit 2 guides blood that has flowed out of the patient's blood vessel to the blood purifier 1, and the blood that has flowed out of the blood purifier 1 has the blood vessel of the patient. It leads to. The blood circuit 2 is provided with a blood pump 3 for generating blood flow in the blood circuit 2. A known pump such as a tube pump can be adopted as the blood pump 3.

  The dialysate line 4 is connected to the third port 83 and the fourth port 84 of the blood purifier 1. The dialysate line 4 constitutes a dialysate flow path composed of a resin tube or the like. A fresh dialysate supply line 41 is connected to the third port 83 of the blood purifier 1, and a spent dialysate discharge line 42 is connected to the fourth port 84. Although not shown in each figure, the other of the fresh dialysate supply line 41 is connected to a tank storing fresh dialysate, and the other of the used dialysate discharge line 42 is used dialysate. It is connected to a waste tank that stores water.

  The plunger pump 51 is disposed in the fresh dialysate supply line 41. The plunger pump 52 is disposed in the spent dialysate discharge line 42.

  The rotation of the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 is transmitted from the rotation shaft 50 of the synchronization motor 5 through the drive joints 6 and 7. The drive joints 6 and 7 are connected to one end sides of the plungers 61 and 62 of the plunger pumps 51 and 52, respectively. The plungers 61 and 62 are driven and transmitted from the drive joints 6 and 7 to reciprocate in the cylinders 71 and 72.

  The axial directions 91 and 92 of the plungers 61 and 62 are inclined (crossed) with respect to the axial directions 93 and 94 of the drive joints 6 and 7, respectively. In the present embodiment, the axial directions 93 and 94 of the drive joints 6 and 7 are the same as the axial direction of the rotary shaft 50. Plungers 61 and 62 that reciprocate by drive transmission from the drive joints 6 and 7 respectively according to the inclination angle θ between the axial directions 91 and 92 of the plungers 61 and 62 and the axial directions 93 and 94 of the first drive joints 6 and 7. The stroke of is determined. That is, if the inclination angle θ is large, the strokes of the plungers 61 and 62 are large, and if the inclination angle θ is small, the strokes of the plungers 61 and 62 are small.

  Each cylinder 71, 72 is provided with a pair of ports 73, 74 or a pair of ports 75, 76 communicating with the internal space. The pair of ports 73 and 74 and the pair of ports 75 and 76 are disposed at positions different from each other by 180 ° with respect to the axial direction of the cylinders 71 and 72, that is, symmetrically. Although not shown in detail in each figure, the plungers 61 and 62 have a columnar shape that seals the cylinders 71 and 72 in a liquid-tight manner, and their distal ends (the other ends not connected to the drive joints 6 and 7). As for the side), half of the cylindrical shape including the axis is cut out. By rotating the notched portions in the cylinders 71 and 72, one of the pair of ports 73 and 74 or the pair of ports 75 and 76 of the cylinders 71 and 72 is sealed by the plungers 61 and 62, The other is opened by the notched part.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one plunger pump 51, 52 has a mirror-symmetric structure with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation shaft 50 of the synchronization motor 5 (a plane perpendicular to the paper surface of FIGS. 1 to 3). I am doing. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, with respect to a plane 101 that is orthogonal to the rotation axis 50 of the synchronization motor 5 and includes the middle of the direction along the axial directions 93 and 94 of the drive joints 6 and 7. This is a mirror-symmetrical structure. Therefore, the angle at which the plungers 61 and 62 are inclined with respect to the drive joints 6 and 7 when the angle θ is the same, the positions of the ports 73, 74, 75, and 76 of the cylinders 71 and 72 are mirror symmetric. .

  The mirror-symmetric structure is that the structures of the plungers 61 and 62 and the cylinders 71 and 72 are mirror-symmetrical, but the axial direction of the plungers 61 and 62 of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 is made by making the angle θ variable. The fact that the mirrors 91 and 92 are not mirror-symmetric and that the drive joints 6 and 7 are different from each other in that they are not strictly mirror-symmetric is not excluded from the mirror-symmetric structure. In other words, the mirror-symmetric structure means that when the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are connected via the drive joints 6 and 7 so as to be rotated by the same synchronization motor 50, the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are connected. As long as it can be maintained that the phase is shifted by 180 °, it is understood that the difference in angle, rotation radius, and the like between the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 is allowed.

  Accordingly, the plunger pumps 51 and 52 have a phase difference of 180 ° with respect to the rotation of the drive joints 6 and 7. That is, when the plunger pump 51 discharges fresh dialysate, the plunger pump 52 sucks fresh dialysate, and when the plunger pump 51 sucks fresh dialysate, the plunger pump 51 sucks fresh dialysate. 52 discharges fresh dialysate. Accordingly, the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 simultaneously perform the discharge of the fresh dialysate by the plunger pump 51 and the discharge of the fresh dialysate by the plunger pump 52 simultaneously.

  The pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are synchronized so that the discharge of the fresh dialysate from the plunger pump 51 and the suction of the used dialysate into the plunger pump 52 occur at the same time. At least one of the strokes is made variable. Accordingly, the supply of fresh dialysate to the blood purifier 1 and the discharge of spent dialysate from the blood purifier 1 can be performed simultaneously, and the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 on the fresh dialysate discharge side is used. If the stroke is greater than the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 on the spent dialysate suction side, reverse filtration can be performed, and the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 on the fresh dialysate discharge side is set to If it is smaller than the stroke d2, water can be removed.

  Specifically, the pair of plunger pumps 51, 52 are arranged on the mirror object with respect to the rotation shaft 50 of the synchronization motor 5, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In addition, a motor that is connected to the synchronization motor 5 located at the center of the rotating shaft 50 via the drive joints 6 and 7 is employed.

  In addition, the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 is fixed, and the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 is made variable. The adjustment of the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 is performed by rotating the axial direction 91 of the plunger pump 52 and the rotation of the synchronizing motor 5. This is performed by an angle adjusting motor 8 that adjusts a horizontal inclination angle θ between the shaft 94 and the shaft 94. Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the inclination angle θ can be adjusted so that the stroke d2 can be made larger or smaller than the stroke d1. Increasing the tilt angle θ increases the stroke, and decreasing the tilt angle θ decreases the stroke. Incidentally, when the relationship between the stroke of the plunger pump and the discharge amount when the plunger diameter was 16 mm was determined, the discharge amount was about 24.1 cc / min for a stroke of 1 mm.

  Here, the adjustment function of the inclination angle of the plunger pump will be described in more detail as follows. That is, the drive joints 6 and 7 are provided with bearing bearings, and the bearings are mounted on the bearing bearings. Each of the bearings is provided with a through hole at a central portion, and one end of each of operating shafts 63 and 64 extending from the plungers 61 and 62 of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 is slidably inserted into the through holes. Yes. The action shafts 63 and 64 are fixed so that the other ends are perpendicular to the surfaces of the plungers 61 and 62, and the rotation of the synchronizing motor 5 is transmitted to the drive joints 6 and 7. The rotation is transmitted to the plungers 61 and 62 by the action shafts 63 and 64, and strokes d1 and d2 are generated in the inclined plunger pumps 51 and 52, respectively. Accordingly, the plungers 61 and 62 reciprocate according to the strokes d1 and d2 while rotating in the cylinders 71 and 72, respectively.

  The pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 may be arranged in any manner with respect to the rotation shafts of the drive joints 6 and 7 and the rotation shaft 50 of the synchronization motor 5, but in any case, from the plunger pump 51. In order for the discharge of the fresh dialysate and the suction of the used dialysate to the plunger pump to occur simultaneously, the phases of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 must be shifted by 180 °.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 disposed in the dialysate line 4 has a drive radius on the fresh dialysate discharge side of the drive joint 7 on the used dialysate suction side. 6 and the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 on the used dialysate suction side may be made variable. If comprised in this way, as shown in FIG. 6, since the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 by the side of used dialysate suction side can be changed greatly, when making it into the suction amount corresponding to the discharge amount of the plunger pump 51 Since the inclination angle θ of the plunger pump 52 can be made smaller than the inclination angle of the plunger pump 51, the adjustment of the inclination angle θ of the plunger pump 52 is easy.

  As the plunger pumps 51 and 52, valveless plunger pumps may be employed. In this case, there is no need to prepare a separate valve for extracting air from the dialysate, which is economical.

[Effects of Embodiment]
According to this embodiment, the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 disposed in the dialysate line 4 simultaneously discharges fresh dialysate from the plunger pump 51 and sucks used dialysate into the plunger pump 52. Since they are synchronized to occur, the supply of fresh dialysate to the blood purifier 1 and the discharge of spent dialysate from the blood purifier 1 can be performed simultaneously.

  Further, since the stroke of the plunger pump 52 is made variable, if the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 is made larger than the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52, reverse filtration can be performed, and the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 can be set. If the stroke is smaller than the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52, water can be removed.

  Further, a pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are arranged on a mirror object on the rotation shaft 50 of the synchronization motor 5 and are connected via drive joints 6 and 7 so as to be rotated by the same synchronization motor 5. Therefore, the pair of plunger pumps 51 and 52 are in a phase-shifted relationship of 180 ° from the beginning, so that the supply of fresh dialysate to the blood purifier 1 and the use from the blood purifier can be performed without adjusting the phase of both. The spent dialysate can be discharged simultaneously.

  Further, the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 is fixed, and the horizontal angle θ of the plunger pump 52 is variable with respect to the rotating shaft 50 of the synchronizing motor 5 by the angle adjusting motor 8, so that the plunger The stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 can be adjusted to be larger or smaller than the stroke d1 of the plunger pump 51 by changing the horizontal angle θ of the pump 52. By adjusting, reverse filtration and water removal can be performed.

  Further, since the rotational radius of the drive joint 7 is larger than the rotational radius of the drive joint 6, the stroke d2 of the plunger pump 52 can be greatly changed, and the angle adjustment of the plunger pump 52 is easy (smaller inclination). Can respond by angle). Moreover, compared with the case where the drive joints 6 and 7 of both plunger pumps 51 and 52 are made into the same magnitude | size, the back filtration amount and the water removal amount can be set large.

  Further, since valveless plunger pumps are employed as the plunger pumps 51 and 52, a valve for extracting air from the dialysate can be omitted.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the plunger pumps 51 and 52 are formed with glass. Moreover, it is preferable that the plungers 61 and 62 and the cylinders 71 and 72 are each manufactured using shrinking. Since the plunger pumps 51 and 52 are made of glass, even if the tolerances of the outer diameters of the plungers 61 and 62 and the inner diameters of the cylinders 71 and 72 are large to some extent, the inside of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 can be secured. The mass productivity of the plunger pumps 51 and 52 is improved. In the plunger pumps 51 and 52, it is preferable that both the plungers 61 and 62 and the cylinders 71 and 72 are made of glass. Plunger pumps 51 and 52 are not limited to glass, and may be formed of other materials such as ceramics. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the plungers 61 and 62 and the cylinders 71 and 72 is not limited to the method using shrinking.

[Modification]
In the embodiment described above, one fresh dialysate supply line 41 and one spent dialysate discharge line 42 are provided in the dialysate line 4, but two in parallel in the dialysate line 4. The fresh dialysate supply line 41 and the two used dialysate discharge lines 42 in parallel are provided, and one of the parallel fresh dialysate supply line 41 and the used dialysate discharge line 42 is connected to the plunger pump 51, 52 may be provided as a pair, and another plunger pump 51, 52 may be provided as a pair in the other fresh dialysate supply line 41 and spent dialysate discharge line 42 in parallel. That is, the blood purification apparatus 10 is provided with two pairs of plunger pumps 51 and 52.

Of the two pairs of plunger pumps 51, 52, one of the paired plunger pumps 51, 52 receives a rotation that is relatively 180 degrees out of phase from the synchronization motor 5. In addition, the other plunger pumps 51 and 52 receive rotation from the same synchronizing motor 5 that is 180 degrees out of phase with the one plunger pumps 51 and 52. Thereby, discharge of fresh dialysate by one plunger pump 51 and suction of used dialysate by the other plunger pump 52 are performed simultaneously, and discharge of fresh dialysate by the other plunger pump 51 and Suction of the used dialysate by the plunger pump 52 is performed at the same time, and the discharge of the fresh dialysate and the suction of the used dialysate performed simultaneously are alternately performed.
Thereby, supply and discharge | emission of the fresh dialysate without the pulsation with respect to the blood purifier 1 are attained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blood purifier 2 Blood circuit 3 Blood pump 4 Dialysate line 5 Synchronous motor 6, 7 Drive joint 8 Angle adjustment motor 41 Fresh dialysate supply line 42 Used dialysate discharge line 50 Rotary shaft 51, 52 Plunger pump 61, 62 Plunger 71, 72 Cylinder

Claims (13)

In a blood purification apparatus comprising a blood purifier, a blood circuit, a blood pump, and a dialysate line comprising a fresh dialysate supply line and a spent dialysate discharge line,
A pair of plunger pumps are disposed in the dialysate line, and the pair of plunger pumps simultaneously discharges fresh dialysate from one plunger pump and sucks spent dialysate into the other plunger pump. A blood purification device that is synchronized to occur and at least one stroke of the pair of plunger pumps is variable.   2. The pair of plunger pumps are arranged on a mirror object with respect to a rotation shaft of a synchronization motor, and are connected to the synchronization motor located at the center of the rotation shaft via a drive joint. The blood purification apparatus according to 1.   The stroke of the plunger pump on the fresh dialysate discharge side is fixed, and the adjustment of the stroke of the plunger pump on the spent dialysate suction side is adjusted in the horizontal direction between the plunger pump and the rotating shaft of the synchronizing motor. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 2, which is performed by an angle adjustment motor that adjusts an inclination angle.   The rotation radius of the drive joint on the used dialysate suction side is made larger than the rotation radius of the drive joint on the fresh dialysate discharge side, and the stroke of the plunger pump on the used dialysate suction side is made variable. The blood purification apparatus according to claim 2. Blood purifier, blood circuit connected to the blood purifier, blood pump for generating blood flow in the blood circuit, fresh dialysate supply line connected to the blood purifier, and use A blood purification apparatus comprising: a dialysate line having a spent dialysate discharge line; and a pair of plunger pumps provided in the fresh dialysate supply line and the used dialysate discharge line, respectively.
The discharge of fresh dialysate by the plunger pump provided in the fresh dialysate supply line and the suction of used dialysate by the plunger pump provided in the used dialysate discharge line are synchronized so as to be performed simultaneously. Blood purification device.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a stroke of at least one of the plunger pumps provided in the fresh dialysate supply line and the spent dialysate discharge line is variable. A synchronous motor;
A drive joint that rotates by being applied with a driving force from the synchronization motor, and
The blood according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the pair of plunger pumps are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to a plane orthogonal to a rotation axis of the synchronization motor, and are connected to the synchronization motor by the drive joint. Purification equipment.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a plunger pump having a variable stroke among the pair of plunger pumps is capable of adjusting an angle at which a plunger shaft is inclined with respect to a rotation shaft of the synchronization motor.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an angle adjustment motor that changes an inclination angle of the shaft of the plunger.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 6, 8, or 9, wherein a stroke of a plunger pump provided in the spent dialysate discharge line is variable.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a rotation radius of the drive joint on the spent dialysate suction side is larger than a rotation radius of the drive joint on the fresh dialysate discharge side.   The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the plunger pump is a valveless plunger pump.   The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein another pair of plunger pumps whose phases are shifted by 180 ° are arranged in parallel with the dialysate line.

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