JP2015193487A - Water for paddy rice cultivation and method for cultivating paddy rice - Google Patents
Water for paddy rice cultivation and method for cultivating paddy rice Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、水稲の栽培用水および水稲の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to paddy rice cultivation water and a paddy rice cultivation method.
長く続いた減反政策の廃止が叫ばれ、更に米に係る関税が撤廃される可能性が少なくない将来には、外国産の安価な米が日本国内へ大量に輸入され、日本国内産の米同士でも販売競争が激化することが予想される。これに対処するためには、日本における米の生産コストを更に低減することが必要であり、水田単位面積当たりの米の収量を増加させることが重要になる。 In the future, there is a high possibility that tariffs on rice will be abolished, and the abolition of the anti-reduction policy that has continued for a long time. In the future, a lot of cheap foreign rice will be imported into Japan. But sales competition is expected to intensify. In order to cope with this, it is necessary to further reduce the rice production cost in Japan, and it is important to increase the yield of rice per unit area of paddy field.
水田単位面積当たりの米の収量を増加させるためには、水稲の1株当たりの稲穂数を増やすことと同時に、1穂当たりの籾数を増やすことも重要である。水稲の背丈を伸ばすとそれにつれて実る穂の長さ(穂長)も長くなり、1穂当たりの籾数が増えることにつながる。 In order to increase the yield of rice per unit area of paddy field, it is also important to increase the number of rice seeds per rice and at the same time to increase the number of rice pods per head. Increasing the height of the paddy rice increases the length of the ears (head length), which leads to an increase in the number of pods per ear.
従来、水稲の生長を調整する方法は、肥料の三要素(窒素、リン、カリウム)を中心とした施肥の量と時期を工夫することが知られている。特に、窒素は茎数の増加や背丈の伸長に与える影響が大きい。 Conventionally, a method for adjusting the growth of paddy rice is known to devise the amount and timing of fertilization centering on three elements of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). In particular, nitrogen has a large effect on the increase in the number of stems and the elongation of the height.
例えば、特許文献1には、増収を計るために元肥に加えて追肥を施肥する稲作の施肥方法が記載されている。 For example, Patent Literature 1 describes a method of applying rice cultivation in which additional fertilization is applied in addition to the original fertilizer in order to increase the yield.
稲の背丈を伸ばすために肥料の三要素である窒素、リン、カリウムの施肥量をむやみに増加すると、そのこと自体が米の収量、品質、食味の低下を招く別な原因となってしまうことが少なくない。窒素やカリウムを過剰に施用すると米の食味が悪化することはよく知られている。 Increasing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are the three elements of fertilizers, to increase the height of rice plants may cause other causes that reduce the yield, quality, and taste of rice. There are many. It is well known that the taste of rice deteriorates when nitrogen and potassium are applied excessively.
そこで、本発明は肥料の三要素の施肥量を変更することなく、水稲の背丈の伸びを促進して稲を生育させ、稲穂を長くして1つの穂に多くの籾を実らせる手段を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention provides means for promoting the growth of rice by growing the height of paddy rice without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer, and making the ears grow long to grow many pods. The purpose is to do.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、みりんを利用して水稲栽培用水の直接還元糖濃度とクエン酸濃度とを調整することにより背丈の伸びを促進しながら稲を生長させることを見出し本発明の完成に至った。本発明に係る水稲栽培用水は、水にみりんを添加した水溶液であって、直接還元糖濃度を22〜440mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度を0.008〜0.15mg/100mLの範囲に調整したことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors conducted extensive research, and as a result, while promoting the growth of height by adjusting the direct reducing sugar concentration and the citric acid concentration of rice cultivation water using mirin. The inventors have found that rice can be grown and have completed the present invention. The water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention is an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water, and the direct reducing sugar concentration is adjusted to 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration is adjusted to the range of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. It is characterized by.
本発明に係る水稲栽培用水によれば、肥料の三要素の施肥量を変更することなく、水稲の背丈の伸びを促進することができる。これにより、水稲の稲穂は長くなって1つの穂に多くの籾が実る。水稲は基本的に自ら光合成で生成する糖を使って生長するが、みりんに含まれる直接還元糖が水稲栽培用水に存在すればこの直接還元糖も根から吸収して生長に活用するので、水稲の生長は促進される。但し、水稲栽培用水に直接還元糖が存在するだけでは、水稲栽培用水中や土壌に生息する微生物が直接還元糖を餌にして増殖し水稲の生長を阻害する結果となる。ここで、みりんに含まれるクエン酸が水稲栽培用水に共存すると微生物の活動を抑制する作用を奏するので、微生物による生長への悪影響を抑えつつ水稲の生長促進が実現される。更に、クエン酸の存在は土壌に含まれるく溶性の肥料成分が根によって吸収されやすくする点からも、水稲の生長が促進されることに寄与する。 According to the water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention, it is possible to promote the elongation of the height of paddy rice without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer. As a result, the paddy rice grows longer and has a large number of strawberries. Paddy rice basically grows by using sugars produced by photosynthesis, but if the direct reducing sugar contained in mirin is present in paddy rice cultivation water, this direct reducing sugar is also absorbed from the roots and used for growth. Growth is promoted. However, if reducing sugar is directly present in the water for paddy rice cultivation, microorganisms that inhabit the water for paddy rice cultivation or in the soil will grow by directly feeding the reducing sugar and inhibit the growth of paddy rice. Here, when citric acid contained in mirin coexists in the water for paddy rice cultivation, it exerts an action of suppressing the activity of microorganisms, so that the growth of paddy rice can be promoted while suppressing adverse effects on the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the presence of citric acid contributes to the promotion of rice growth from the viewpoint that the soluble fertilizer components contained in the soil are easily absorbed by the roots.
さらに、本発明に係る水稲栽培用水では、みりんを添加する水が純水であることも好ましい。みりんに含まれている成分のバランスを維持したまま希釈することができて、水稲の背丈の伸びを促進する作用がいつも同じ状態に保たれるので、水稲の背丈の調整をより正確に行うことができる。 Furthermore, in the water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention, the water to which mirin is added is also preferably pure water. It is possible to dilute while maintaining the balance of the components contained in mirin, and the action of promoting the growth of rice height is always kept in the same state, so the rice height of rice is adjusted more accurately Can do.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る水稲の栽培方法は、水にみりんを添加して直接還元糖濃度を22〜440mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度を0.008〜0.15mg/100mLの範囲に調整した水溶液からなる稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程と、水稲栽培用水を水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for cultivating paddy rice according to the present invention comprises adding mirin to water to directly reduce the reducing sugar concentration of 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. A water supply process for supplying rice cultivation water composed of an aqueous solution adjusted to a range to a paddy field where paddy rice is growing, and a submergence process for maintaining the condition where the rice cultivation water is flooded in the paddy field .
本発明に係る水稲栽培用水によれば、肥料の三要素の施肥量を変更することなく、水稲の背丈の伸びを促進することができる。これにより、水稲の稲穂は長くなって1つの穂に多くの籾が実る。 According to the water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention, it is possible to promote the elongation of the height of paddy rice without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer. As a result, the paddy rice grows longer and has a large number of strawberries.
さらに、本発明に係る水稲の栽培方法では、湛水工程が田植え直後から稲刈り直前まで続けられることも好ましい。田植え直後から稲刈り直前までの全期間で確実に水稲の背丈の伸びが促進された状態を維持することができる。 Furthermore, in the paddy rice cultivation method according to the present invention, it is also preferable that the flooding process is continued from immediately after planting to just before harvesting. It is possible to reliably maintain a state in which the growth of the height of paddy rice is promoted in the entire period from immediately after rice planting to just before rice harvesting.
本発明によれば、肥料の三要素の施肥量を変更することなく、水稲の稲穂を長くして1つの穂に多くの籾を実らせることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of a fertilizer, the rice ear of paddy rice can be lengthened and many cocoons can be made to grow in one ear.
本発明の知見は、例示のみのために示された添付図面を参照して以下の詳細な記述を考慮することによって容易に理解することができる。添付図面に示す実施形態に基づき本発明を説明する。可能な場合には、同一の部分には同一の符号を付して、重複する説明を省略する。 The knowledge of the present invention can be easily understood by considering the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings shown for illustration only. The present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Where possible, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
本発明が対象とする水稲は、特に限定されないが、主食用の水稲品種の栽培に好適である。農家が実際に稲作を行う水田圃場における栽培にも、人工的に設ける小規模な水田における栽培にも本発明を適用することができる。 The paddy rice targeted by the present invention is not particularly limited, but is suitable for cultivation of paddy rice varieties for staple foods. The present invention can be applied to cultivation in a paddy field where a farmer actually performs rice cultivation, or cultivation in a small paddy field that is artificially provided.
本発明で用いられるみりんは、酒税法でみりんと分類されている混成酒類を指し、通称本みりんと呼ばれているものが対象である。類似するみりん風調味料(アルコール度数1%未満)や発酵調味料(加塩や加酢で不可飲処理された料理酒)は含まれない。 The mirin used in the present invention refers to a hybrid liquor classified as mirin by the Liquor Tax Law, and is what is commonly called Hon mirin. Similar mirin-like seasonings (less than 1% alcohol content) and fermented seasonings (cooked liquor not treated with salt or vinegar) are not included.
以下に、本発明について実証を行った実施例と比較例を示し、本発明の説明を続ける。但し、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されない。 Below, the Example and comparative example which demonstrated about this invention are shown, and description of this invention is continued. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
最初に、実施例と比較例とで共通する実験条件を述べる。栽培用水が異なる環境で複数の水稲の栽培を行い、生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子、刈取り時点における穂長の平均、及び1穂当たりの籾数を比較した。一端が全面開口し他方が全面閉じている筒状の容器9つを準備した。この容器1〜9の開口直径は340mm、容量は20Lであった。容器1〜9の各々の中へ土壌としてのセメント用砂を12L入れ、その後、後述する実施例と比較例に記載するように、容器毎に設定された水質の異なる水をセメント用砂の表面が水で浸るまで供給した。実施例と比較例では、土壌を収容した容器1〜9が、本発明における「水田」に相当する。そして、この容器1〜9への水の供給作業は、本発明の水稲の栽培方法における「稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程」に相当する。 First, experimental conditions common to the examples and comparative examples will be described. A plurality of paddy rice was cultivated in different environments for cultivating water, and the change in height along with the growth, the average of the head length at the time of cutting, and the number of pods per head were compared. Nine cylindrical containers having one end opened over the entire surface and the other closed over the entire surface were prepared. The containers 1 to 9 had an opening diameter of 340 mm and a capacity of 20 L. 12L of cement sand as soil is put into each of the containers 1 to 9, and then, as described in Examples and Comparative Examples described later, water having different water quality set for each container is used as the surface of the cement sand. Until it was soaked in water. In Examples and Comparative Examples, containers 1 to 9 containing soil correspond to “paddy fields” in the present invention. And the water supply operation | work to this container 1-9 is corresponded to the "water supply process which supplies the water for rice cultivation to the paddy field where the rice is growing" in the cultivation method of the rice of this invention.
更に肥料として、しんせいの風(登録商標)L500(N:P:K=15:10:10)を1.8g/容器、大地の絆(ケイ酸・リン酸・苦土・アルカリが混ざった土づくり肥料)を4.5g/容器、ペレット大地(牛糞、豚糞等の完熟堆肥を混合してペレット化したもの)を4.5g/容器、を容器1〜9のセメント用砂の上にふりかけ、セメント用砂と肥料を十分に攪拌して肥料をセメント用砂の中に分散させて土壌を完成させた。いずれの肥料もJA秋田しんせい製である。容器1〜9は、肥料の三要素(窒素、リン、カリウム)の施肥量が同じ条件である。 Furthermore, as fertilizer, Shinsei no Kaze (registered trademark) L500 (N: P: K = 15: 10: 10) 1.8 g / container, earth bond (silicic acid, phosphoric acid, bitter earth, alkali mixed soil) Sprinkle 4.5g / container on the cement sand in containers 1-9, and 4.5g / container of pelleted ground (mixed with pellets of ripe compost such as cow dung and pig dung). Then, the cement sand and fertilizer were sufficiently stirred to disperse the fertilizer in the cement sand to complete the soil. Both fertilizers are made by JA Akita Shinsei. The containers 1 to 9 are under the same conditions for the amount of fertilizer applied to the three elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium).
その後、水田圃場に600mm間隔で容器1〜9の外径に合致した大きさの穴を9つ掘り、水田圃場における土壌表面高さと容器1〜9内部の土壌表面の高さとがほぼ一致するように、容器1〜9の各々を水田圃場の穴へ埋め込んで設置した。容器1〜9は直線状に600mm間隔で並び、9つとも同じ日当たりの条件であった。 Thereafter, nine holes having a size matching the outer diameter of the containers 1 to 9 are dug in the paddy field at intervals of 600 mm so that the soil surface height in the paddy field and the soil surface height inside the containers 1 to 9 substantially coincide. In addition, each of the containers 1 to 9 was embedded in a hole in a paddy field. The containers 1 to 9 were linearly arranged at intervals of 600 mm, and all nine were under the same conditions per day.
容器1〜9の開口端面は常に水田圃場の湛水の水位よりも高い位置であり、容器1〜9の内側は水田圃場から区切られ、水田圃場の湛水が容器1〜9の内部に流入することはない状態とした。 The open end faces of the containers 1-9 are always higher than the water level of the paddy field, and the inside of the containers 1-9 is separated from the paddy field, and the paddy field flows into the containers 1-9. I was in a state that I would never do.
6月7日に容器1〜9の土壌表面の中央へ一斉に水稲(品種ひとめぼれ)の苗3株を1つにまとめて植付けして栽培を開始した。しばらく苗が生長するのを待ち、葉の上端の高さが容器1〜9の開口端面の高さを超えた6月17日に容器1〜9の開口端面へ蓋を取り付け、開口の大部分を覆って雨水が容器1〜9の内部に入り込むのを低減する構成とした。この蓋の中央には直径60mmの貫通孔が設けられており、水稲は貫通孔を通って容器1〜9の上方へ突出して生長を続けた。 On June 7, three seedlings of paddy rice (variety Hitomebore) were planted together in the center of the soil surface of containers 1-9, and cultivation was started. Waiting for the seedlings to grow for a while, the lid was attached to the open end face of the containers 1-9 on June 17 when the upper end height of the leaves exceeded the open end face height of the containers 1-9, and most of the opening It is set as the structure which reduces that rainwater enters the inside of the containers 1-9. A through-hole having a diameter of 60 mm was provided in the center of the lid, and the paddy rice continued to grow through the through-hole and protrude upward from the containers 1 to 9.
雨水により容器1〜9内部の水位が上昇した場合には、容器1〜9の全てについて土壌表面に溜まっている水を排出した後、容器毎に設定された水質の異なる水を新たに用水として供給して水を入れ替えし、そのまま容器1〜9内部の土壌表面が各々設定された水質の水で覆われた状態を継続した。この水の入れ替え作業も、前述した栽培開始時点での容器への水の供給作業と同様に、本発明の水稲の栽培方法における「稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程」に相当する。そして、容器内部の土壌表面を設定された水質の水で覆われた状態に継続することは、本発明の水稲の栽培方法における「水稲栽培用水を水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程」に相当する。 When the water level inside the containers 1-9 rises due to rainwater, after draining the water accumulated on the soil surface for all of the containers 1-9, water of different water quality set for each container is newly used as water The water was replaced by supplying water, and the state in which the soil surfaces inside the containers 1 to 9 were covered with the water of each set quality was continued. This water replacement operation is also the same as the water supply operation to the container at the time of starting the cultivation described above, in the method for cultivating rice of the present invention “water supply process for supplying rice cultivation water to the paddy field where the rice is growing. Is equivalent to. And continuing the state where the soil surface inside the container is covered with the set water quality water is the “flooding step of maintaining the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation is flooded in the paddy field in the rice cultivation method of the present invention. Is equivalent to.
更に、蒸発により容器1〜9内部の水が減少した場合には、容器毎に設定された水質の異なる水を用水として注ぎ足し、容器内部の水位を所定の位置まで戻した。この水の注ぎ足し作業も、本発明の水稲の栽培方法における「稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程」に相当する。 Further, when the water in the containers 1 to 9 decreased due to evaporation, water of different water quality set for each container was added as working water, and the water level inside the container was returned to a predetermined position. This water addition operation also corresponds to the “water supply process for supplying rice cultivation water to the paddy field where the rice is growing” in the rice cultivation method of the present invention.
水の入れ替え作業と水の注ぎ足し作業を適宜行いながら容器内部の土壌表面を設定された水質の水で覆い続けて稲の生長の観察を続け、6月25日、7月16日、8月7日、8月29日、9月17日、10月3日に水稲の背丈を測定し、10月18日に刈取りした。これは田植え直後から稲刈り直前まで「稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程」を適宜繰り返しながら「水稲栽培用水を水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程」が継続されたことに相当する。 Covering the soil surface inside the container with the water of the set water quality while appropriately replacing and adding water, and continuing to observe the growth of rice, June 25, July 16, August On 7th, 29th August, 17th September, and 3rd October, the height of the paddy rice was measured and cut on 18th October. This is a "water-filling process that maintains the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation is flooded in the paddy field" while repeating the "water supply process for supplying rice-grown water to the paddy field where paddy rice is growing" from just after rice planting to just before rice harvesting. This is equivalent to
水稲の背丈については、稲の全ての葉の先端を鉛直上方に持ち上げた状態で一番高くなる葉の先端を選び、鉛直上方に持ち上げた状態でその先端の高さを各容器の土壌表面高さを基準として測定し、各容器における稲の背丈の値とした。この各容器における水稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子、刈取り時点における穂長の平均、及び1穂当たりの籾数を比較して、本発明の水稲栽培用水および水稲の栽培方法の作用効果を確認した。 For the height of paddy rice, select the highest leaf tip when the tops of all the leaves of the rice are lifted vertically upwards, and the height of the tops of the rice plants is the height of the soil surface in each container. Measured with reference to the thickness, the height of rice in each container was taken as the value. By comparing the changes in the height of rice in each container with the growth of the rice, the average length of the ears at the time of cutting, and the number of pods per ear, the effects of the water for paddy rice cultivation and the paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention are as follows. confirmed.
(実施例1)実施例1では、容器1内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加してみりんを1000倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例1ではイオン株式会社が販売するトップバリュ本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は44mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.015mg/100mLであった。実施例1における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図1に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における実施例1の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。実施例1ではみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Example 1) In Example 1, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 1000 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 1 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In Example 1, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 44 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.015 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 1 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 1. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length of Example 1 and the number of pods per ear at the time of cutting. In Example 1, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
(実施例2)実施例2では、容器2内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加してみりんを2000倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例1と同じように実施例2でもイオン株式会社が販売するトップバリュ本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は22mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.008mg/100mLであった。実施例2における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図2に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における実施例2の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。実施例2でもみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Example 2) In Example 2, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 2000 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 2 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. As in Example 1, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used in Example 2. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 22 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.008 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 2 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 2. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Example 2 at the time of cutting. Also in Example 2, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
(実施例3)実施例3では、容器3内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加してみりんを100倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例1と同じように実施例3でもイオン株式会社が販売するトップバリュ本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は440mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.15mg/100mLであった。実施例3における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図3に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における実施例3の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。実施例3でもみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Example 3) In Example 3, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 100 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 3 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. As in Example 1, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used in Example 3. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 440 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.15 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 3 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 3. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average length of the ears of Example 3 and the number of pods per ear at the time of cutting. Also in Example 3, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
(実施例4)実施例4では、容器4内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加して実施例1と同じようにみりんを1000倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例4では宝酒造株式会社が販売するタカラ本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は43.2mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.014mg/100mLであった。実施例4における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図4に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における実施例4の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。実施例4でもみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Example 4) In Example 4, mirin was added to water as paddy rice cultivation water filling the container 4, and an aqueous solution obtained by diluting mirin 1000 times as in Example 1 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In Example 4, Takara Hon Mirin sold by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 43.2 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.014 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 4 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 4. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average head length and the number of pods per head of Example 4 at the time of cutting. Also in Example 4, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
(実施例5)実施例5では、容器5内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加して実施例1と同じようにみりんを1000倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例5では株式会社ミツカンが販売するミツカン本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は44.7mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.016mg/100mLであった。実施例4における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図5に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における実施例5の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。実施例5でもみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Example 5) In Example 5, mirin was added to water as paddy rice cultivation water filling the container 5, and an aqueous solution obtained by diluting mirin 1000 times as in Example 1 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In Example 5, Mitsukan Hon Mirin sold by Mitsukan Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 44.7 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.016 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 5 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 4. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average of the head length of Example 5 and the number of pods per head at the time of cutting. Also in Example 5, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
(比較例1)比較例1では、容器6内を満たす水稲栽培用水として純水(蒸留水)を用いた。比較例1における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図6に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における比較例1の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。 (Comparative Example 1) In Comparative Example 1, pure water (distilled water) was used as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 6. FIG. 6 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Comparative Example 1. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Comparative Example 1 at the time of cutting.
(比較例2)比較例2では、容器7内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水道水を用いた。比較例2における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図7に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における比較例2の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。 (Comparative Example 2) In Comparative Example 2, tap water was used as paddy rice cultivation water filling the container 7. FIG. 7 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Comparative Example 2. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Comparative Example 2 at the time of cutting.
(比較例3)比較例3では、容器8内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加してみりんを10000倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例1と同じように比較例3でもイオン株式会社が販売するトップバリュ本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は4mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.002mg/100mLであった。比較例3における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図8に示す。10月18日の刈取りまで生長が続き、稲穂が実った。表1に刈取り時点における比較例3の穂長の平均と1穂当たりの籾数を示す。比較例3でもみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Comparative Example 3) In Comparative Example 3, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 10,000 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 8 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In the same manner as in Example 1, in Comparative Example 3, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 4 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.002 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 8 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Comparative Example 3. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Comparative Example 3 at the time of cutting. Also in Comparative Example 3, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
(比較例4)比較例4では、容器9内を満たす水稲栽培用水として水にみりんを添加してみりんを20倍に希釈した水溶液を用いた。この水溶液は本発明の水稲栽培用水に相当する。実施例1と同じように比較例4でもイオン株式会社が販売するトップバリュ本みりんを使用した。当該水溶液中の化学成分濃度を測定すると、直接還元糖濃度は2150mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度は0.7mg/100mLであった。比較例4における稲の生長に伴う背丈の変化の様子を図9に示す。6月25日に測定した後、植付けから1ヶ月後の7月7日には稲が枯死したことを確認した。比較例4でもみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。 (Comparative Example 4) In Comparative Example 4, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 20 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 9 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In the same manner as in Example 1, Comparative Example 4 also used Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 2150 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.7 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 9 shows a change in height according to the growth of rice in Comparative Example 4. After measuring on June 25, it was confirmed that the rice had died on July 7, one month after planting. Also in Comparative Example 4, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.
図1〜7より、測定の初回6月25日では実施例1〜5と比較例1〜2の水稲の背丈が同等であったが、2回目以降の測定日では明らかに実施例1〜5の水稲の背丈が伸びている。加えて、比較例1〜2では3回目の測定8月7日をピークに以降は水稲の背丈が低くなっているのに対して、実施例1〜5では10月に向かって水稲の背丈は伸び続けた。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the heights of the paddy rices of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were the same on June 25 for the first measurement. The height of paddy rice is growing. In addition, in Comparative Examples 1-2, the height of the paddy rice is lowered after peaking August 7 in the third measurement, whereas in Examples 1-5, the height of the paddy rice toward October is Continued to grow.
これより、水にみりんを添加して直接還元糖濃度を22〜440mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度を0.008〜0.15mg/100mLの範囲に調整した水稲栽培用水を用いて、田植え直後から稲刈り直前まで「稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程」を適宜繰り返しながら「水稲栽培用水を水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程」が継続された実施例1〜5における水稲の背丈の伸びは、水にみりんを添加した水溶液ではない水稲栽培用水を用いた比較例1〜2における水稲の背丈の伸びよりも促進されていると判断できる。そして、水稲の背丈の伸びが促進された状態は田植え直後から稲刈り直前までの全期間で確実に維持されている。 From this, rice is harvested immediately after rice planting using water for paddy rice cultivation in which mirin is added to the water to directly adjust the reducing sugar concentration to 22-440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration to the range of 0.008-0.15 mg / 100 mL. Examples 1 to 1 in which the “water-filling process for maintaining the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation is flooded in the paddy field” is continued while repeating the “water-feeding process for supplying water for paddy cultivation to the paddy field where the rice is growing” until just before It can be judged that the growth of the height of paddy rice in 5 is promoted more than the growth of the height of paddy rice in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using water for rice cultivation that is not an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water. And the state where the height growth of paddy rice has been promoted is reliably maintained throughout the period from immediately after planting to just before harvesting.
その結果、表1に示されるように、水稲の背丈が最も伸びた実施例1〜5の穂長の平均値は比較例1〜2を上回り、それに伴って1穂当たりの籾数も実施例1〜5が多くなった。 As a result, as shown in Table 1, the average value of the ear length of Examples 1 to 5 in which the height of the paddy rice was the longest exceeded that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and accordingly, the number of pods per ear was also Example. 1-5 increased.
一方、図8に示されるように、結果的にみりんの希釈が過剰となった比較例3では、生育の促進効果が不十分で1穂当たりの籾数は比較例1〜2を上回ることができなかった。また、図9に示されるように、みりんの希釈が不十分であった比較例4では直接還元糖濃度が高くなりすぎて容器9内を満たす水稲栽培用水や土壌に微生物が過剰に増殖して途中で水稲が枯死してしまった。 On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, in Comparative Example 3 where the dilution of mirin was excessive as a result, the effect of promoting growth was insufficient, and the number of pods per ear could exceed that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. could not. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, in Comparative Example 4 in which the dilution of mirin was insufficient, the reducing sugar concentration became too high, and microorganisms proliferated excessively in the water or soil for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 9. The paddy rice died on the way.
実施例1〜5はみりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を用いている。これにより、みりんに含まれている成分のバランスを維持したまま希釈の程度を精度よく調整でき、水稲の背丈の伸びの抑制度合を調整することの実現が実施例1〜5の違いに示されている。 In Examples 1 to 5, pure water (distilled water) is used as water to which mirin is added. Thereby, it is possible to accurately adjust the degree of dilution while maintaining the balance of the components contained in mirin, and the realization of adjusting the degree of suppression of the elongation of the rice height is shown in the differences in Examples 1-5. ing.
実施例1〜5の水稲の栽培方法は、水にみりんを添加して直接還元糖濃度を22〜440mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度を0.008〜0.15mg/100mLの範囲に調整した水溶液からなる稲栽培用水を水稲が生長している水田へ供給する給水工程と、水稲栽培用水を水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程と、を備えている。これにより、肥料の三要素の施肥量を変更することなく、水稲の背丈の伸びを促進して、水稲の稲穂が長くなり1つの穂に多くの籾が実った。水稲は基本的に自ら光合成で生成する糖を使って生長するが、みりんに含まれる直接還元糖が水稲栽培用水に存在すればこの直接還元糖も根から吸収して生長に活用するので、水稲の生長は促進される。但し、水稲栽培用水に直接還元糖が存在するだけでは、水稲栽培用水中や土壌に生息する微生物が直接還元糖を餌にして増殖し水稲の生長を阻害する結果となる。ここで、みりんに含まれるクエン酸が水稲栽培用水に共存すると微生物の活動を抑制する作用を奏するので、微生物による生長への悪影響を抑えつつ水稲の生長促進が実現される。更に、クエン酸の存在は土壌に含まれるく溶性の肥料成分が根によって吸収されやすくする点からも、水稲の生長が促進されることに寄与する。 The cultivation method of paddy rice in Examples 1 to 5 is from an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water and the reducing sugar concentration is directly adjusted to a range of 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration is adjusted to a range of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. The water supply process which supplies the water for rice cultivation to the paddy field in which paddy rice is growing, and the water supply process which maintains the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation was flooded to the paddy field are provided. Thereby, without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer, the growth of the height of the paddy rice was promoted, and the paddy rice became longer and a lot of straw was produced in one ear. Paddy rice basically grows by using sugars produced by photosynthesis, but if the direct reducing sugar contained in mirin is present in paddy rice cultivation water, this direct reducing sugar is also absorbed from the roots and used for growth. Growth is promoted. However, if reducing sugar is directly present in the water for paddy rice cultivation, microorganisms that inhabit the water for paddy rice cultivation or in the soil will grow by directly feeding the reducing sugar and inhibit the growth of paddy rice. Here, when citric acid contained in mirin coexists in the water for paddy rice cultivation, it exerts an action of suppressing the activity of microorganisms, so that the growth of paddy rice can be promoted while suppressing adverse effects on the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the presence of citric acid contributes to the promotion of rice growth from the viewpoint that the soluble fertilizer components contained in the soil are easily absorbed by the roots.
そして、実施例1〜5の水稲の栽培方法は、水稲栽培用水を水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程が田植え直後から稲刈り直前まで続けられた。これにより、比較例と比べて田植え直後から稲刈り直前までの全期間で確実に水稲の背丈の伸びを促進した状態が維持されていた。 And as for the cultivation method of the paddy rice of Examples 1-5, the flooding process which maintains the state which flooded the water for paddy rice cultivation to the paddy field was continued from just after rice planting to just before rice cutting. Thereby, compared with the comparative example, the state which accelerated | stimulated the growth of the height of the paddy rice reliably was maintained in the whole period from immediately after rice planting to just before rice cutting.
また、実施例1〜5の水稲栽培用水は、水にみりんを添加して直接還元糖濃度を22〜440mg/100mL、クエン酸濃度を0.008〜0.15mg/100mLの範囲に調整した水溶液である。これにより、肥料の三要素の施肥量を変更することなく、水稲の背丈の伸びを促進して、水稲の稲穂が長くなり1つの穂に多くの籾が実った。 Moreover, the water for paddy rice cultivation of Examples 1 to 5 is an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water to directly reduce the reducing sugar concentration to 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration to the range of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. It is. Thereby, without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer, the growth of the height of the paddy rice was promoted, and the paddy rice became longer and a lot of straw was produced in one ear.
更に、実施例1〜5の水稲栽培用水は、みりんを添加する水として純水(蒸留水)を使用した。これにより、みりんに含まれている成分のバランスを維持したまま希釈することができて、背丈の伸びを抑制する作用がいつも同じ状態に保たれるので、水稲の背丈の調整をより正確に行うことができる。 Furthermore, the water for paddy rice cultivation of Examples 1-5 used pure water (distilled water) as water to which mirin was added. As a result, it can be diluted while maintaining the balance of the components contained in mirin, and the effect of suppressing the height growth is always kept in the same state, so the rice height of the rice is adjusted more accurately. be able to.
なお、本発明は述べてきた実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その技術的思想から逸脱しない範囲で同様な作用効果を奏する他の形態へ適宜変更することができる。例えば、本実施例では容器1〜9という人工的に設けた小規模な水田における栽培例を通じて本発明を説明したが、農家が実際に稲作を行う水田圃場でも本発明の同様な作用効果を奏することができる。更に、水稲品種ひとめぼれへの適用を題材として本発明を説明してきたが、他の主食用の水稲品種や加工用、飼料用の水稲品種に本発明を適用しても構わない。 Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be appropriately changed to other forms that exhibit similar operational effects without departing from the technical idea thereof. For example, in the present embodiment, the present invention has been described through a cultivation example in a small paddy field artificially provided with containers 1 to 9, but the same effects of the present invention can be obtained even in a paddy field where a farmer actually performs rice cultivation. be able to. Furthermore, although the present invention has been described on the subject of application to the rice varieties Hitomebore, the present invention may be applied to other rice varieties for staple foods, rice varieties for processing and feed.
水稲に多くの籾を実らせる本発明は、水稲の栽培に幅広く利用可能である。 The present invention that allows a large number of strawberries to grow on paddy rice can be widely used for cultivation of paddy rice.
1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9 容器 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 containers
Claims (4)
前記水稲栽培用水を前記水田に湛水した状態を維持する湛水工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする水稲の栽培方法。 Paddy field where paddy rice grows water for rice cultivation consisting of an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water to directly adjust the reducing sugar concentration to 22-440 mg / 100 mL and citric acid concentration to the range of 0.008-0.15 mg / 100 mL Water supply process to supply to
A flooding step of maintaining the state where the paddy rice cultivation water is flooded in the paddy field;
A method for cultivating paddy rice, comprising:
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Cited By (2)
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CN106069435A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 刘俭 | A kind of cultural method of direct seading rice |
JP2017214368A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社サカタのタネ | Silicic acid absorption promoter for gramineous plant and application method thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2017214368A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社サカタのタネ | Silicic acid absorption promoter for gramineous plant and application method thereof |
CN106069435A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 刘俭 | A kind of cultural method of direct seading rice |
CN106069435B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2019-03-08 | 刘俭 | A kind of cultural method of direct seading rice |
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