JP2015193487A - Water for paddy rice cultivation and method for cultivating paddy rice - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide means for promoting elongation of heights of paddy rice plants, growing the rice plants, and allowing a lot of grains to bear in every ear by elongating the rice ears, without changing a fertilizer application amount of three elements of fertilizer.SOLUTION: Rice plants are grown while elongation of their heights are promoted, by adjusting direct reducing sugar concentration and citric acid concentration of water for paddy rice cultivation, utilizing Mirin. The water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention is an aqueous solution in which Mirin has been added to water, and direct reducing sugar concentration is adjusted within a range of 22-440 mg/100 mL and citric acid concentration within a range of 0.008-0.15 mg/100 mL.

Description

  The present invention relates to paddy rice cultivation water and a paddy rice cultivation method.

  In the future, there is a high possibility that tariffs on rice will be abolished, and the abolition of the anti-reduction policy that has continued for a long time. In the future, a lot of cheap foreign rice will be imported into Japan. But sales competition is expected to intensify. In order to cope with this, it is necessary to further reduce the rice production cost in Japan, and it is important to increase the yield of rice per unit area of paddy field.

  In order to increase the yield of rice per unit area of paddy field, it is also important to increase the number of rice seeds per rice and at the same time to increase the number of rice pods per head. Increasing the height of the paddy rice increases the length of the ears (head length), which leads to an increase in the number of pods per ear.

  Conventionally, a method for adjusting the growth of paddy rice is known to devise the amount and timing of fertilization centering on three elements of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). In particular, nitrogen has a large effect on the increase in the number of stems and the elongation of the height.

  For example, Patent Literature 1 describes a method of applying rice cultivation in which additional fertilization is applied in addition to the original fertilizer in order to increase the yield.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-057086

  Increasing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are the three elements of fertilizers, to increase the height of rice plants may cause other causes that reduce the yield, quality, and taste of rice. There are many. It is well known that the taste of rice deteriorates when nitrogen and potassium are applied excessively.

  Therefore, the present invention provides means for promoting the growth of rice by growing the height of paddy rice without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer, and making the ears grow long to grow many pods. The purpose is to do.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors conducted extensive research, and as a result, while promoting the growth of height by adjusting the direct reducing sugar concentration and the citric acid concentration of rice cultivation water using mirin. The inventors have found that rice can be grown and have completed the present invention. The water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention is an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water, and the direct reducing sugar concentration is adjusted to 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration is adjusted to the range of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. It is characterized by.

  According to the water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention, it is possible to promote the elongation of the height of paddy rice without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer. As a result, the paddy rice grows longer and has a large number of strawberries. Paddy rice basically grows by using sugars produced by photosynthesis, but if the direct reducing sugar contained in mirin is present in paddy rice cultivation water, this direct reducing sugar is also absorbed from the roots and used for growth. Growth is promoted. However, if reducing sugar is directly present in the water for paddy rice cultivation, microorganisms that inhabit the water for paddy rice cultivation or in the soil will grow by directly feeding the reducing sugar and inhibit the growth of paddy rice. Here, when citric acid contained in mirin coexists in the water for paddy rice cultivation, it exerts an action of suppressing the activity of microorganisms, so that the growth of paddy rice can be promoted while suppressing adverse effects on the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the presence of citric acid contributes to the promotion of rice growth from the viewpoint that the soluble fertilizer components contained in the soil are easily absorbed by the roots.

  Furthermore, in the water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention, the water to which mirin is added is also preferably pure water. It is possible to dilute while maintaining the balance of the components contained in mirin, and the action of promoting the growth of rice height is always kept in the same state, so the rice height of rice is adjusted more accurately Can do.

  In order to achieve the above object, the method for cultivating paddy rice according to the present invention comprises adding mirin to water to directly reduce the reducing sugar concentration of 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. A water supply process for supplying rice cultivation water composed of an aqueous solution adjusted to a range to a paddy field where paddy rice is growing, and a submergence process for maintaining the condition where the rice cultivation water is flooded in the paddy field .

  According to the water for paddy rice cultivation according to the present invention, it is possible to promote the elongation of the height of paddy rice without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer. As a result, the paddy rice grows longer and has a large number of strawberries.

  Furthermore, in the paddy rice cultivation method according to the present invention, it is also preferable that the flooding process is continued from immediately after planting to just before harvesting. It is possible to reliably maintain a state in which the growth of the height of paddy rice is promoted in the entire period from immediately after rice planting to just before rice harvesting.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of a fertilizer, the rice ear of paddy rice can be lengthened and many cocoons can be made to grow in one ear.

It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the rice paddy by the cultivation method of the paddy rice concerning Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the paddy rice by the cultivation method of the paddy rice concerning Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the rice paddy by the cultivation method of the paddy rice concerning Example 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the paddy rice by the cultivation method of the paddy rice concerning Example 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the paddy rice by the cultivation method of the paddy rice concerning Example 5 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the paddy rice by the cultivation method of the paddy rice concerning the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the change of the height of the rice by the cultivation method of the rice according to the comparative example 2. It is a figure which shows the change of the rice height of the rice by the cultivation method of the rice according to the comparative example 3. It is a figure which shows the change of the rice height of the rice by the cultivation method of the rice according to the comparative example 4.

  The knowledge of the present invention can be easily understood by considering the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings shown for illustration only. The present invention will be described based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Where possible, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  The paddy rice targeted by the present invention is not particularly limited, but is suitable for cultivation of paddy rice varieties for staple foods. The present invention can be applied to cultivation in a paddy field where a farmer actually performs rice cultivation, or cultivation in a small paddy field that is artificially provided.

  The mirin used in the present invention refers to a hybrid liquor classified as mirin by the Liquor Tax Law, and is what is commonly called Hon mirin. Similar mirin-like seasonings (less than 1% alcohol content) and fermented seasonings (cooked liquor not treated with salt or vinegar) are not included.

  Below, the Example and comparative example which demonstrated about this invention are shown, and description of this invention is continued. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

First, experimental conditions common to the examples and comparative examples will be described. A plurality of paddy rice was cultivated in different environments for cultivating water, and the change in height along with the growth, the average of the head length at the time of cutting, and the number of pods per head were compared. Nine cylindrical containers having one end opened over the entire surface and the other closed over the entire surface were prepared. The containers 1 to 9 had an opening diameter of 340 mm and a capacity of 20 L. 12L of cement sand as soil is put into each of the containers 1 to 9, and then, as described in Examples and Comparative Examples described later, water having different water quality set for each container is used as the surface of the cement sand. Until it was soaked in water. In Examples and Comparative Examples, containers 1 to 9 containing soil correspond to “paddy fields” in the present invention. And the water supply operation | work to this container 1-9 is corresponded to the "water supply process which supplies the water for rice cultivation to the paddy field where the rice is growing" in the cultivation method of the rice of this invention.

Furthermore, as fertilizer, Shinsei no Kaze (registered trademark) L500 (N: P: K = 15: 10: 10) 1.8 g / container, earth bond (silicic acid, phosphoric acid, bitter earth, alkali mixed soil) Sprinkle 4.5g / container on the cement sand in containers 1-9, and 4.5g / container of pelleted ground (mixed with pellets of ripe compost such as cow dung and pig dung). Then, the cement sand and fertilizer were sufficiently stirred to disperse the fertilizer in the cement sand to complete the soil. Both fertilizers are made by JA Akita Shinsei. The containers 1 to 9 are under the same conditions for the amount of fertilizer applied to the three elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium).

  Thereafter, nine holes having a size matching the outer diameter of the containers 1 to 9 are dug in the paddy field at intervals of 600 mm so that the soil surface height in the paddy field and the soil surface height inside the containers 1 to 9 substantially coincide. In addition, each of the containers 1 to 9 was embedded in a hole in a paddy field. The containers 1 to 9 were linearly arranged at intervals of 600 mm, and all nine were under the same conditions per day.

The open end faces of the containers 1-9 are always higher than the water level of the paddy field, and the inside of the containers 1-9 is separated from the paddy field, and the paddy field flows into the containers 1-9. I was in a state that I would never do.

  On June 7, three seedlings of paddy rice (variety Hitomebore) were planted together in the center of the soil surface of containers 1-9, and cultivation was started. Waiting for the seedlings to grow for a while, the lid was attached to the open end face of the containers 1-9 on June 17 when the upper end height of the leaves exceeded the open end face height of the containers 1-9, and most of the opening It is set as the structure which reduces that rainwater enters the inside of the containers 1-9. A through-hole having a diameter of 60 mm was provided in the center of the lid, and the paddy rice continued to grow through the through-hole and protrude upward from the containers 1 to 9.

  When the water level inside the containers 1-9 rises due to rainwater, after draining the water accumulated on the soil surface for all of the containers 1-9, water of different water quality set for each container is newly used as water The water was replaced by supplying water, and the state in which the soil surfaces inside the containers 1 to 9 were covered with the water of each set quality was continued. This water replacement operation is also the same as the water supply operation to the container at the time of starting the cultivation described above, in the method for cultivating rice of the present invention “water supply process for supplying rice cultivation water to the paddy field where the rice is growing. Is equivalent to. And continuing the state where the soil surface inside the container is covered with the set water quality water is the “flooding step of maintaining the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation is flooded in the paddy field in the rice cultivation method of the present invention. Is equivalent to.

Further, when the water in the containers 1 to 9 decreased due to evaporation, water of different water quality set for each container was added as working water, and the water level inside the container was returned to a predetermined position. This water addition operation also corresponds to the “water supply process for supplying rice cultivation water to the paddy field where the rice is growing” in the rice cultivation method of the present invention.

  Covering the soil surface inside the container with the water of the set water quality while appropriately replacing and adding water, and continuing to observe the growth of rice, June 25, July 16, August On 7th, 29th August, 17th September, and 3rd October, the height of the paddy rice was measured and cut on 18th October. This is a "water-filling process that maintains the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation is flooded in the paddy field" while repeating the "water supply process for supplying rice-grown water to the paddy field where paddy rice is growing" from just after rice planting to just before rice harvesting. This is equivalent to

For the height of paddy rice, select the highest leaf tip when the tops of all the leaves of the rice are lifted vertically upwards, and the height of the tops of the rice plants is the height of the soil surface in each container. Measured with reference to the thickness, the height of rice in each container was taken as the value. By comparing the changes in the height of rice in each container with the growth of the rice, the average length of the ears at the time of cutting, and the number of pods per ear, the effects of the water for paddy rice cultivation and the paddy rice cultivation method of the present invention are as follows. confirmed.

(Example 1) In Example 1, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 1000 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 1 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In Example 1, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 44 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.015 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 1 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 1. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length of Example 1 and the number of pods per ear at the time of cutting. In Example 1, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

(Example 2) In Example 2, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 2000 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 2 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. As in Example 1, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used in Example 2. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 22 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.008 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 2 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 2. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Example 2 at the time of cutting. Also in Example 2, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

(Example 3) In Example 3, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 100 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 3 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. As in Example 1, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used in Example 3. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 440 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.15 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 3 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 3. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average length of the ears of Example 3 and the number of pods per ear at the time of cutting. Also in Example 3, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

(Example 4) In Example 4, mirin was added to water as paddy rice cultivation water filling the container 4, and an aqueous solution obtained by diluting mirin 1000 times as in Example 1 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In Example 4, Takara Hon Mirin sold by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 43.2 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.014 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 4 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 4. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average head length and the number of pods per head of Example 4 at the time of cutting. Also in Example 4, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

(Example 5) In Example 5, mirin was added to water as paddy rice cultivation water filling the container 5, and an aqueous solution obtained by diluting mirin 1000 times as in Example 1 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In Example 5, Mitsukan Hon Mirin sold by Mitsukan Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 44.7 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.016 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 5 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Example 4. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average of the head length of Example 5 and the number of pods per head at the time of cutting. Also in Example 5, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

(Comparative Example 1) In Comparative Example 1, pure water (distilled water) was used as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 6. FIG. 6 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Comparative Example 1. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Comparative Example 1 at the time of cutting.

(Comparative Example 2) In Comparative Example 2, tap water was used as paddy rice cultivation water filling the container 7. FIG. 7 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Comparative Example 2. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Comparative Example 2 at the time of cutting.

(Comparative Example 3) In Comparative Example 3, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 10,000 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 8 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In the same manner as in Example 1, in Comparative Example 3, Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. was used. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 4 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.002 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 8 shows how the height changes with the growth of rice in Comparative Example 3. Growing continued until October 18th, and the ear of rice grew. Table 1 shows the average ear length and the number of pods per ear of Comparative Example 3 at the time of cutting. Also in Comparative Example 3, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

(Comparative Example 4) In Comparative Example 4, an aqueous solution obtained by adding mirin to water and diluting mirin 20 times as water for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 9 was used. This aqueous solution corresponds to the water for paddy rice cultivation of the present invention. In the same manner as in Example 1, Comparative Example 4 also used Topvalu Hon Mirin sold by AEON Co., Ltd. When the chemical component concentration in the aqueous solution was measured, the direct reducing sugar concentration was 2150 mg / 100 mL, and the citric acid concentration was 0.7 mg / 100 mL. FIG. 9 shows a change in height according to the growth of rice in Comparative Example 4. After measuring on June 25, it was confirmed that the rice had died on July 7, one month after planting. Also in Comparative Example 4, pure water (distilled water) was used as water to which mirin was added.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the heights of the paddy rices of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were the same on June 25 for the first measurement. The height of paddy rice is growing. In addition, in Comparative Examples 1-2, the height of the paddy rice is lowered after peaking August 7 in the third measurement, whereas in Examples 1-5, the height of the paddy rice toward October is Continued to grow.

From this, rice is harvested immediately after rice planting using water for paddy rice cultivation in which mirin is added to the water to directly adjust the reducing sugar concentration to 22-440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration to the range of 0.008-0.15 mg / 100 mL. Examples 1 to 1 in which the “water-filling process for maintaining the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation is flooded in the paddy field” is continued while repeating the “water-feeding process for supplying water for paddy cultivation to the paddy field where the rice is growing” until just before It can be judged that the growth of the height of paddy rice in 5 is promoted more than the growth of the height of paddy rice in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using water for rice cultivation that is not an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water. And the state where the height growth of paddy rice has been promoted is reliably maintained throughout the period from immediately after planting to just before harvesting.

  As a result, as shown in Table 1, the average value of the ear length of Examples 1 to 5 in which the height of the paddy rice was the longest exceeded that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and accordingly, the number of pods per ear was also Example. 1-5 increased.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, in Comparative Example 3 where the dilution of mirin was excessive as a result, the effect of promoting growth was insufficient, and the number of pods per ear could exceed that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. could not. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, in Comparative Example 4 in which the dilution of mirin was insufficient, the reducing sugar concentration became too high, and microorganisms proliferated excessively in the water or soil for paddy rice cultivation filling the container 9. The paddy rice died on the way.

  In Examples 1 to 5, pure water (distilled water) is used as water to which mirin is added. Thereby, it is possible to accurately adjust the degree of dilution while maintaining the balance of the components contained in mirin, and the realization of adjusting the degree of suppression of the elongation of the rice height is shown in the differences in Examples 1-5. ing.

The cultivation method of paddy rice in Examples 1 to 5 is from an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water and the reducing sugar concentration is directly adjusted to a range of 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration is adjusted to a range of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. The water supply process which supplies the water for rice cultivation to the paddy field in which paddy rice is growing, and the water supply process which maintains the state where the water for paddy rice cultivation was flooded to the paddy field are provided. Thereby, without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer, the growth of the height of the paddy rice was promoted, and the paddy rice became longer and a lot of straw was produced in one ear. Paddy rice basically grows by using sugars produced by photosynthesis, but if the direct reducing sugar contained in mirin is present in paddy rice cultivation water, this direct reducing sugar is also absorbed from the roots and used for growth. Growth is promoted. However, if reducing sugar is directly present in the water for paddy rice cultivation, microorganisms that inhabit the water for paddy rice cultivation or in the soil will grow by directly feeding the reducing sugar and inhibit the growth of paddy rice. Here, when citric acid contained in mirin coexists in the water for paddy rice cultivation, it exerts an action of suppressing the activity of microorganisms, so that the growth of paddy rice can be promoted while suppressing adverse effects on the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the presence of citric acid contributes to the promotion of rice growth from the viewpoint that the soluble fertilizer components contained in the soil are easily absorbed by the roots.

  And as for the cultivation method of the paddy rice of Examples 1-5, the flooding process which maintains the state which flooded the water for paddy rice cultivation to the paddy field was continued from just after rice planting to just before rice cutting. Thereby, compared with the comparative example, the state which accelerated | stimulated the growth of the height of the paddy rice reliably was maintained in the whole period from immediately after rice planting to just before rice cutting.

  Moreover, the water for paddy rice cultivation of Examples 1 to 5 is an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water to directly reduce the reducing sugar concentration to 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration to the range of 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. It is. Thereby, without changing the fertilizer application amount of the three elements of fertilizer, the growth of the height of the paddy rice was promoted, and the paddy rice became longer and a lot of straw was produced in one ear.

Furthermore, the water for paddy rice cultivation of Examples 1-5 used pure water (distilled water) as water to which mirin was added. As a result, it can be diluted while maintaining the balance of the components contained in mirin, and the effect of suppressing the height growth is always kept in the same state, so the rice height of the rice is adjusted more accurately. be able to.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be appropriately changed to other forms that exhibit similar operational effects without departing from the technical idea thereof. For example, in the present embodiment, the present invention has been described through a cultivation example in a small paddy field artificially provided with containers 1 to 9, but the same effects of the present invention can be obtained even in a paddy field where a farmer actually performs rice cultivation. be able to. Furthermore, although the present invention has been described on the subject of application to the rice varieties Hitomebore, the present invention may be applied to other rice varieties for staple foods, rice varieties for processing and feed.

  The present invention that allows a large number of strawberries to grow on paddy rice can be widely used for cultivation of paddy rice.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 containers

Claims (4)

  A water for paddy rice cultivation, which is an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water, wherein the direct reducing sugar concentration is adjusted to 22 to 440 mg / 100 mL and the citric acid concentration is adjusted to 0.008 to 0.15 mg / 100 mL. The water for paddy rice cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the water is pure water. Paddy field where paddy rice grows water for rice cultivation consisting of an aqueous solution in which mirin is added to water to directly adjust the reducing sugar concentration to 22-440 mg / 100 mL and citric acid concentration to the range of 0.008-0.15 mg / 100 mL Water supply process to supply to
A flooding step of maintaining the state where the paddy rice cultivation water is flooded in the paddy field;
A method for cultivating paddy rice, comprising:   4. The method for cultivating paddy rice according to claim 3, wherein the flooding process is continued from immediately after planting rice to just before harvesting rice.

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