JP2015092861A - Crop raising system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crop raising system which adjusts growth of a crop by irradiating the crop with light from an artificial light source, in which growth of the crop is promoted without significantly affecting flower bud differentiation, and visibility of the crop is improved.SOLUTION: A crop raising system 10 comprises: a first light source 1; a second light source 2; a third light source 3; and a time setting part 5 which sets time zones for allowing the light sources 1, 2, 3 to perform irradiation. The first light source 1 irradiates light having a peak wavelength in a wavelength region from 380nm or larger to less than 610nm, and the second light source 2 and the third light source 3 respectively irradiate red light and far-infrared light. The time setting part 5 is set such that the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 irradiate the crop P with light from before sunset and for two hours after sunset, and then the third light source 3 irradiates the crop P with light. Thus, growth of the crop P can be promoted without significantly affecting flower bud differentiation of the crop P, and the crop P is irradiated with the light from the first light source 1, thereby visibility of the crop P can be improved.

Description

  The present invention relates to a crop cultivation system that regulates the cultivation of plants (plants).

  Conventionally, a method for adjusting the growth of a plant by irradiating the plant with light from an artificial light source is known. For example, a method of subjecting a plant to a short-day treatment by irradiating the plant with mixed light of red light and far-red light on one or both of the light period start period and end period in the photoperiod of the plant Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  Moreover, the method which raises the fruit sugar content of a plant by irradiating at least one of red light and far-red light with respect to a solanaceous plant (especially tomato) for 1-3 hours after sunset is known (for example, Patent Document 2).

JP 2009-136155 A JP 2007-282544 A

  However, the method described in Patent Document 1 accelerates the flowering time of plants, and does not necessarily promote the growth of plants. Moreover, in this method, nothing is mentioned about the flower bud differentiation of the plant, and further, it is difficult for the operator to visually recognize the plant, so that the working efficiency may be lowered.

  In addition, the method described in Patent Document 2 increases the fruit sugar content of a plant and does not necessarily promote plant growth, and is a method limited to solanaceous plants. May not be applicable. In this method, there is no mention of the flower bud differentiation of the plant, and further, it is difficult for the operator to visually recognize the plant, so that the working efficiency may be lowered.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can efficiently promote the growth of plants (crop) without greatly affecting flower bud differentiation, and also improves the visibility of crops and improves the work efficiency. The purpose is to provide a crop cultivation system that can be enhanced.

  The crop growing system of the present invention includes a first light source that irradiates a crop with light having a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 380 nm to less than 610 nm, and red light having a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 610 nm to 680 nm. A second light source that irradiates the crop, a third light source that irradiates the crop with far-red light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 685 nm to 780 nm, the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source. A control unit that controls the irradiation operation of the light source, and a time setting unit that sets a time zone in which the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source are irradiated with respect to the control unit, The time setting unit operates to irradiate the first light source and the second light source during a time period from before sunset to 2 hours after sunset, and the third light source is the first light source and the second light source. Irradiate in the time zone after the irradiation operation Characterized in that it has been configured to work.

  It is preferable that the time setting unit is set so that the first light source and the second light source finish the irradiation operation, and the third light source starts the irradiation operation.

  It is preferable that the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source are accommodated in one housing.

It is preferable that the third light source emits far red light so that the irradiance is 0.02 W / m ² or more and the integrated irradiance is 0.2 kJ / m ² or more.

  According to the present invention, light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 610 nm and red light are irradiated to the crop in a time zone from before sunset to 2 hours after sunset. Is irradiated. Therefore, the growth of the crop can be efficiently promoted without greatly affecting the flower bud differentiation of the crop. Further, since the crop is irradiated with light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 610 nm, the visibility of the crop is improved as compared with the case where the crop is irradiated with only red light and / or far red light. Working efficiency can be improved.

The figure which shows the structure of the crop cultivation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the spectral characteristic example of the light irradiated from each of the 1st light source used in the said crop cultivation system, a 2nd light source, and a 3rd light source. The perspective view which shows a mode when the said 1st light source, a 2nd light source, and a 3rd light source are accommodated in one housing | casing. The side view which shows arrangement | positioning with respect to the crop of the said 1st light source, 2nd light source, and 3rd light source. The top view which shows arrangement | positioning with respect to the crop of the said 1st light source, 2nd light source, and 3rd light source. The figure which shows the light irradiation pattern of the said 1st light source by the Example, a 2nd light source, and a 3rd light source.

  A crop cultivation system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This crop cultivation system promotes the growth of crops (especially flowers) in a fully-closed plant seedling production system, facility cultivation such as an agricultural vinyl house or glass house, or outdoor cultivation.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the crop growing system 10 includes a first light source 1, a second light source 2, and a third light source 3, and a control unit 4 that controls the irradiation operation of these light sources 1, 2, and 3. A time setting unit 5 for setting a time zone for irradiating the control unit 4 with the light sources 1, 2, and 3; The light sources 1, 2, and 3 and the time setting unit 5 are electrically connected to the control unit 4 through distribution lines 6. The light sources 1, 2, and 3 are collectively accommodated in a housing (not shown, see FIG. 3 to be described later), and irradiate the crop P planted in the ridge F with light.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the light (indicated by the solid line and the alternate long and short dash line) emitted from the first light source 1 is light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 610 nm. When the first light source 1 is constituted by a daylight color LED, the light emitted from the first light source 1 (indicated by a solid line) is, for example, blue light having a peak wavelength at about 455 nm and a peak wavelength at about 580 nm. It becomes the daylight color white light containing the green-yellow-red light which has. Further, when the first light source 1 is constituted by a light bulb color LED, the light (indicated by a one-dot chain line) emitted from the first light source 1 is, for example, blue light having a peak wavelength at about 460 nm, and about Light bulb color white light including green to yellow to red light having a peak wavelength at 600 nm is obtained. The first light source 1 is not limited to a daylight color LED or a light bulb color LED, and cuts light having a wavelength of 610 nm or more into, for example, an HID lamp (high pressure sodium lamp, xenon lamp, etc.), a white fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp. You may comprise by what combined the cut filter.

  The light emitted from the second light source 2 is red light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 610 nm to 680 nm. When the second light source 2 is configured by a red LED, light (indicated by a dotted line) emitted from the second light source 2 is light having a peak wavelength at approximately 640 nm, for example. Note that the second light source 2 is not limited to a red LED, and is configured, for example, by combining a HID lamp, a white fluorescent lamp, or an incandescent lamp with a transmission filter that transmits light in a wavelength range of 610 nm to 680 nm. Also good. The second light source 2 may be configured by appropriately combining a phosphor that emits light having a wavelength range of 610 nm to 680 nm and a light source that emits light that excites the phosphor.

  The light (indicated by a broken line and a two-dot chain line) emitted from the third light source 3 is far red light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 685 nm to 780 nm. When the third light source 3 is constituted by a far-red LED, the light (indicated by a broken line) emitted from the third light source 3 is, for example, light having a peak wavelength at about 735 nm. Further, when the third light source 3 is constituted by a far-red fluorescent lamp, the light (indicated by a two-dot chain line) emitted from the third light source 3 is light having a peak wavelength at about 740 nm, for example. . The third light source 3 is not limited to a far-red LED or a far-red fluorescent lamp. For example, a far-red EL element, a HID lamp, or an incandescent lamp combined with a transmission filter that transmits light having a wavelength of 685 nm or more. It may be constituted by.

It is preferable that the first light source 1 emits light so that the irradiance is 0.01 W / m ² or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the 2nd light source 2 irradiates light so that irradiance may be 0.005 W / m < ² > or more. Furthermore, it is preferable that the third light source 3 emits light so that the irradiance is 0.02 W / m ² or more and the integrated irradiance is 0.2 kJ / m ² or more. Irradiance is measured using a Leica light meter “Li-250” and a sensor “Li-200SA”.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the control unit 4 includes a microcomputer, a relay, a switch, and the like, and adjusts the irradiance of light emitted from each of the first light source 1, the second light source 2, and the third light source 3. A light control device. A light control apparatus is comprised by the light controller, for example, and controls irradiance electrically.

  The time setting unit 5 includes a timer, a microcomputer, and the like, and causes the first light source 1, the second light source 2, and the third light source 3 to perform irradiation operations at a time preset by the user. The time setting unit 5 irradiates the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 during a time period from before sunset to 2 hours after sunset, and the third light source 3 operates as the first light source 1 and the second light source 2. The irradiation operation is set for 3 hours or more in the time zone after the irradiation operation of the light source 2 is completed. In the embodiment to be described later, the time setting unit 5 is set so that the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 end the irradiation operation, and the third light source 3 starts the irradiation operation. However, there may be a blank of up to about 30 minutes between the light irradiation from the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 and the light irradiation from the third light source 3.

  The time setting unit 5 includes an optical sensor that senses the intensity of sunlight (natural light), and the illumination of the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 is detected by sensing the brightness around the crop P using this optical sensor. The operation timing may be determined. Further, the time setting unit 5 has a solar time switch in which the sunset time of one year is stored in advance, and the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 are based on the sunset time stored in the solar time switch. The irradiation operation timing may be determined. Furthermore, although the time setting unit 5 is separated from the control unit 4 in the illustrated example, the time setting unit 5 may be configured integrally with the control unit 4.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the 1st light source 1, the 2nd light source 2, and the 3rd light source 3 are accommodated in the one housing | casing 7 in the state arranged alternately. The housing 7 is made of a material having high heat conductivity, excellent heat dissipation, and high light reflectivity, for example, a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel.

  The first light source 1, the second light source 2, and the third light source 3 are usually disposed above the crop P. However, when the crop P is tall or has many branches and leaves, only the light sources 1, 2, and 3 disposed above the crop P can irradiate a sufficient amount of light below and inside the crop P. There are things that cannot be done. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, in addition to the light sources 1, 2, and 3 (hereinafter referred to as the upper light sources 1a, 2a, and 3a) arranged above the crop P, the light sources 1 and 2 are also provided laterally and below the crop P. 3 may be arranged. The light sources 1, 2, and 3 (hereinafter referred to as side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b) disposed on the side and the light sources 1, 2, and 3 (hereinafter referred to as lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c) disposed below are respectively provided. Each attachment angle is configured to be adjustable so that light can be irradiated to the crop P at an arbitrary angle. By arranging the light sources 1, 2, and 3 in this manner, the light from the light sources 1, 2, and 3 can be sufficiently transmitted to the whole and the inside of the crop P even when the crop P is tall and has many branches and leaves. Can be dosed.

  FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of the upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a, the side light sources 1b, 2b, 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, 3c with respect to the crop P when viewed from above. In the illustrated example, the upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a, the side light sources 1b, 2b, 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, 3c are shown as one member. A plurality of upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a are arranged at regular intervals along the direction in which the ridges F extend (the direction in which the crops P are continuous). The side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b are waterproofed by being covered with a cylinder or the like, and a plurality of the side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b are arranged between the ridges F at a predetermined interval along the direction in which the ridges F extend. The lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c are waterproofed in the same manner as the side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b, and a plurality of lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c are arranged on the ground between the ridges F at regular intervals along the direction in which the ridges F extend. ing. The side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c may be configured by a continuous light source such as a hollow light guide type lighting device, an optical fiber, or an EL device formed into an elongated shape.

  The lighting and light distribution of the upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a, the side light sources 1b, 2b, 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, 3c are adjusted according to the growth of the crop P. For example, when the crop P is in the initial growth stage and is still small, the upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a away from the crop P are turned off, and the side light sources 1b, 2b, 3b close to the crop P and the lower light source 1c. 2c and 3c are lit. At this time, the side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c are adjusted to have a narrow light distribution by adjusting their mounting angles so that the crops P can be irradiated with light in a concentrated manner. The In addition, since the branches and leaves of the crop P are not sufficiently developed at the initial growth stage, the light irradiated to the crop P can reach the entire crop P even if the amount of light is low. Therefore, the side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c may be adjusted so as to emit light with a low light amount.

  On the other hand, when the crop P grows greatly, all of the upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a, the side light sources 1b, 2b, 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, 3c are turned on. At this time, the side light sources 1b, 2b, and 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, and 3c are set to have a wide light distribution by adjusting their mounting angles so that light can be irradiated to a wide area of the crop P. Moreover, since the crop P which has grown greatly becomes tall and can have many branches and leaves, the light irradiated to the crop P cannot reach every corner of the crop P unless the light is high. Therefore, it is preferable that the upper light sources 1a, 2a, 3a, the side light sources 1b, 2b, 3b and the lower light sources 1c, 2c, 3c emit light with a high light amount.

  The effect of the crop growing system 10 configured as described above on the growth of the crop P was verified by using chrysanthemum (variety: Say Prince) as the crop P and actually cultivating the chrysanthemum using the crop growing system 10. . The growth promoting effect on chrysanthemum was evaluated by calculating the average number of days required for about 90% of chrysanthemum stem length to be 80 cm or more. In addition, the influence on the average number of pods was evaluated by counting the number of pods per chrysanthemum when about 90% of the chrysanthemum stem length was 80 cm or more. Furthermore, the effect on flower bud differentiation is that there is no delay in flower bud differentiation compared to the case where chrysanthemum is cultivated only with natural light without using the crop growing system 10 (Comparative Example 1 described later). The evaluation was made by classifying it into three categories: “within a delay” and “a delay of 2 days or more”. In Table 1 to be described later, flower bud differentiation is “not delayed”, “slightly delayed”, and “delayed more than 2 days” by “そ れ ぞ れ”, “◯”, and “Δ”, respectively.

(Example)
Chrysanthemum was planted at the end of December and cultivated for about 4 months until April of the following year. Immediately after planting, in order to maintain the vegetative growth of chrysanthemum, the dark period was interrupted for 4 hours at night by incandescent lighting. This dark period interruption was continued until mid-February about 45 days after the start of planting when the plant height of chrysanthemums was 20 cm or more. Thereafter, the chrysanthemum was transferred to reproductive growth, and at the same time, light irradiation to the chrysanthemum by the crop growing system 10 was started. Light irradiation by the crop growing system 10 was continued until chrysanthemum flowered.

  As shown in FIG. 6, in this embodiment, the white light from the first light source 1 and the red light from the second light source 2 are 3 hours from 18:00 to 21:00 before sunset (19:00). Irradiated. That is, the white light from the first light source 1 and the red light from the second light source 2 were irradiated with sunlight for 1 hour, and were irradiated for 2 hours without sunlight after sunset. On the other hand, the far-red light from the third light source 3 was irradiated for 5 hours from 21:00 to 2 o'clock so as to switch to the first light source 1 and the second light source 2.

Red light from white light and the second light source 2 from the first light source 1 is irradiated respectively irradiance 0.01 W / ^{m 2} and 0.005 W / ^{m 2,} far from the third light source 3 The red light was irradiated with an irradiance of 0.02 W / m ² . The 1st light source 1 was comprised by the daylight color LED (refer FIG. 2) mentioned above, and was arrange | positioned above the chrysanthemum (crop P) with the density of 20 piece / m < ² >. The 2nd light source 2 was comprised by red LED (refer FIG. 2) mentioned above, and was arrange | positioned above the chrysanthemum at the density of 10 piece / m < ² >. The 3rd light source 3 was comprised by far-red LED (refer FIG. 2) mentioned above, and was arrange | positioned above the chrysanthemum at the density of 20 piece / m < ² >.

As shown in Table 1, the chrysanthemum according to the present example required only 79 days on average to reach a stem height of 80 cm. In addition, the average number of pods per chrysanthemum was as high as 9.4, and the flower bud differentiation was only slightly delayed (within one day).

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, chrysanthemum was grown only with natural light without using the crop growing system 10. In the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 1, it took an average of 107 days to reach a stem height of 80 cm, and the average number of brews was only 8.1. From a comparison between this result and the result of the present embodiment described above, the crop growing system 10 efficiently promotes chrysanthemum growth without greatly affecting chrysanthemum flower bud differentiation, and average yield per chrysanthemum. It turns out to increase the number.

In Comparative Example 2, white light and red light from the second light source 2 from the first light source 1, from each 18 pm in irradiance 0.01 W / ^{m 2} and 0.005 W / ^{m 2} 21 The chrysanthemum was irradiated to the chrysanthemum for 3 hours until the time, and far red light from the third light source 3 was not irradiated. In the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 2, an average of 105 days was required to reach a stem height of 80 cm, the average number of buds was only 7.9, and flower bud differentiation was delayed by 2 days or more. From this result, it was found that irradiation with far-red light from the third light source 3 is important for promoting the growth of chrysanthemum and increasing the number of brewers.

Further, in Comparative Example 3, the white light from the first light source 1 was irradiated to chrysanthemum for 3 hours from 18:00 to 21:00 with an irradiance of 0.015 W / m ² , and then the third light source 3 Far-red light was irradiated to chrysanthemum for 5 hours from 21 o'clock to 2 o'clock with an irradiance of 0.02 W / m ² . In Comparative Example 3, red light from the second light source 2 was not irradiated to the chrysanthemum. The chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 3 required an average of 82 days to reach a stem height of 80 cm, the average number of buds was only 8.9, and flower bud differentiation was slightly delayed.

On the other hand, in Comparative Example 4, the red light from the second light source 2 was irradiated to chrysanthemum for 3 hours from 18:00 to 21:00 with an irradiance of 0.015 W / m ² , and then the third light source 3 Far-red light was irradiated to chrysanthemum for 5 hours from 21 o'clock to 2 o'clock with an irradiance of 0.02 W / m ² . In Comparative Example 4, white light from the first light source 1 was not irradiated to the chrysanthemum. In the chrysanthemum according to Comparative Example 4, it took 81 days on average to reach a stem height of 80 cm, the average number of buds was only 8.7, and flower bud differentiation was slightly delayed.

As described above, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, light was irradiated so that the irradiance of white light from the first light source 1 or red light from the second light source 2 was 0.015 W / m ² . . On the other hand, in this example, the light was irradiated so that the “total” irradiance of the white light from the first light source 1 and the red light from the second light source 2 was 0.015 W / m ² . As a result, in this example, remarkable growth promotion of chrysanthemum and increase in the number of brewers were observed, whereas in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the effect as in this example was not observed. Thus, even when light is emitted with the same irradiance, the white light and the red light are irradiated simultaneously rather than the white light from the first light source 1 or the red light from the second light source 2 alone. If you do, you can give a higher effect to the chrysanthemum. Therefore, it is considered that the white light from the first light source 1 and the red light from the second light source 2 act synergistically to promote chrysanthemum growth.

  According to the crop growing system 10, light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 610 nm and red light are irradiated to the crop P in a time period from before sunset to 2 hours after sunset, and then far red light. Is irradiated to the crop P. Therefore, the growth of chrysanthemum can be efficiently promoted and the average number of chrysanthemum can be increased without greatly affecting the flower bud differentiation of the crop P (chrysanthemum). Thereby, the cultivation cycle of chrysanthemum can be shortened to increase the yield of chrysanthemum within a certain period, and the commercial value of chrysanthemum can be increased. In addition, since light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 610 nm is irradiated, the visibility of the crop P can be improved and work efficiency can be improved as compared with the case where only red light and / or far red light is irradiated. Furthermore, the form of the crop P can be improved by promoting the photosynthesis of the crop P.

  Although the crop cultivation system 10 can be used throughout the year, it can be effectively used particularly in the short days from autumn to early spring when natural light (sunlight) decreases. In addition, when the crop growing system 10 is installed in a completely closed plant production factory where sunlight is not irradiated, the first light source 1, the second light source 2, and the third light source 3 are, for example, the crop P. On / off control is performed based on the light / dark schedule of the artificial light source used for growing the light.

  In addition, the crop cultivation system which concerns on this invention is not limited to the said embodiment and Example, A various deformation | transformation is possible. For example, the first light source and the third light source may be realized by controlling the wavelength of light emitted from one type of light source. For example, an incandescent lamp that emits visible light of any wavelength is used as a light source, and a cut filter that cuts light having a wavelength of 610 nm or more or a transmission filter that transmits light having a wavelength of 685 nm or more is appropriately combined with the incandescent lamp. It is made with.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Crop cultivation system 1 1st light source 2 2nd light source 3 3rd light source 4 Control part 5 Time setting part 7 Case P Crop

Claims (4)

A first light source that irradiates a crop with light having a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 380 nm or more and less than 610 nm;
A second light source that irradiates the crop with red light having a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 610 nm to 680 nm;
A third light source that irradiates the crop with far-red light having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 685 nm to 780 nm;
A control unit that controls the irradiation operation of the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source;
A time setting unit that sets a time zone for irradiating the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source to the control unit, and
The time setting unit operates to irradiate the first light source and the second light source in a time period from before sunset to 2 hours after sunset, and the third light source is the first light source and the second light source. A crop-cultivating system, which is set to perform an irradiation operation in a time zone after the end of the irradiation operation.   The time setting unit is set so that the first light source and the second light source finish the irradiation operation, and the third light source starts the irradiation operation. The crop cultivation system described.   The crop growing system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first light source, the second light source, and the third light source are accommodated in one housing. The third light source irradiates far red light so that the irradiance is 0.02 W / m ² or more and the integrated irradiance is 0.2 kJ / m ² or more. Item 4. The crop cultivation system according to any one of Items 3 to 3.

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