JP2014225012A - Manufacturing method of toner for electrostatic charge image development - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a toner having excellent low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage property.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method of a toner for electrostatic charge image development includes a step (1) of aggregating resin particles (A) containing a crystalline polyester and mold release agent particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersant liquid of the aggregated particles, and a step (2) of fusing the aggregated particles at temperatures equal to or above the melting point of the crystalline polyester to obtain toner particles, where the content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is 50 mass% or more, and the time during which the aggregated particles are fused at temperatures equal to or above the melting point of the crystalline polyester in the step (2) is 10 seconds or more and 30 minutes or less.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner.

In the field of electrophotography, with the development of an electrophotographic system, development of an electrophotographic toner corresponding to high image quality and high speed is required.
Corresponding to high image quality, as a method of obtaining a toner having excellent charging stability, a narrow particle size distribution, and a small particle size, fine toner particles and the like are aggregated and fused in an aqueous medium to obtain a toner. Toner is manufactured by an aggregation coalescence method (emulsion aggregation method, aggregation fusion method). For high speed, toners using polyester have been studied as ones corresponding to low temperature fixing performance capable of fixing with a small amount of heat.
For example, in Patent Document 1, as a method for obtaining a small particle size toner that can be fixed at a low temperature and can realize high image quality, a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester having an acid group is neutralized in a molten state, Contact with a medium to prepare a dispersion having an average particle size of 0.02 to 2 μm of dispersed particles mainly composed of the binder resin, and aggregating the dispersed particles in the dispersion to at least bind A production method is disclosed in which aggregated particles containing a resin and a colorant as constituent components are formed and the aggregated particles are united.
In Patent Document 2, the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image that can be fixed at a low temperature and has sufficient chargeability includes at least a crystalline polyester and an amorphous polymer as a binder resin, and the surface is the above-mentioned In the electrostatic image developing toner coated with a surface layer mainly composed of an amorphous polymer, the content of the crystalline polyester is in the range of 30 to 80% by weight, and the electrostatic image developing toner A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, wherein the ratio of the crystalline polyester contained in the outermost surface is 15 atomic% or less, and the average thickness of the surface layer is 0.01 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less, and A manufacturing method is disclosed.

JP 2006-18227 A JP 2004-191927 A

However, when crystalline polyester is added to improve low-temperature fixability, the heat-resistant storage stability decreases. In the methods disclosed in each of the above patent documents, it has been insufficient to achieve both low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner excellent in low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability.

  The present inventors have found that the reason why the heat resistant storage stability is lowered when crystalline polyester is added to improve low-temperature fixability is the state in the toner particles of components such as resin and release agent constituting the toner. We considered that it was in and examined. As a result, it has been found that by increasing the content of the crystalline polyester in the resin and controlling the temperature conditions at the time of fusing, it is possible to obtain a toner for developing an electrostatic image having both low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability. .

The present invention provides the following method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image.
Step (1): a step of aggregating the resin particles (A) containing crystalline polyester and the release agent particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion of aggregated particles; and
Step (2): A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising the step of fusing the aggregated particles obtained in Step (1) at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester to obtain toner particles. The content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is 50% by mass or more, and in the step (2), the time that is at least the melting point of the crystalline polyester is 10 seconds to 30 minutes. ,
A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image.

  According to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrostatic image developing toner that is excellent in low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability.

The method for producing the toner of the present invention includes:
Step (1): a step of aggregating the resin particles (A) containing crystalline polyester and the release agent particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion of aggregated particles; and
Step (2): A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising the step of fusing the aggregated particles obtained in Step (1) at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester to obtain toner particles. The content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is 50% by mass or more, and in the step (2), the time that is at least the melting point of the crystalline polyester is 10 seconds to 30 minutes. And a method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image.

The reason why the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image obtained by the production method of the present invention has such an effect is not clear, but is considered as follows.
In the present invention, the resin containing 50% by mass or more of the crystalline polyester and the release agent are melted sharply at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester, so that the low-temperature fixability of the toner is improved. In addition, since the crystalline polyester is contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more, when the resin particles and the release agent particles are fused, the crystalline polyester is excessively controlled by controlling the time above the melting point of the crystalline polyester to be short. Since it does not melt, detachment of the aggregated release agent particles is suppressed. As a result, the obtained toner is considered to be excellent in low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability.
Hereafter, each component, process, etc. which are used for the manufacturing method of this invention are demonstrated.

<Step (1)>
Step (1) is a step in which the resin particles (A) containing the crystalline polyester (a) and the release agent particles are aggregated in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion of aggregated particles.

[Resin particles (A)]
The resin particles (A) in the present invention contain a crystalline polyester (a) from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.

  The content of the crystalline polyester (a) in the resin constituting the resin particle (A) is 50% by mass of the resin constituting the resin particle (A) from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. Or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 75% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, it is 100% by mass or less, preferably It is 98 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 95 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 90 mass% or less.

(Crystalline polyester (a))
In the present invention, the crystalline polyester means the ratio between the softening point and the maximum endothermic peak temperature measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), that is, (softening point (° C)) / (maximum endothermic peak temperature (° C)). The defined crystallinity index is 0.6 or more and 1.4 or less, and preferably 0.8 or more, more preferably 0.9 or more, from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner. Preferably it is 1.3 or less, More preferably, it is 1.2 or less, More preferably, it is 1.1 or less. The crystallinity index can be appropriately adjusted according to the production conditions such as the type and ratio of the raw material monomers, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the cooling rate. The endothermic maximum peak temperature refers to the temperature of the peak having the maximum peak area among the observed endothermic peaks. The maximum peak temperature is the melting point if the difference from the softening point is within 20 ° C., and the peak temperature due to the glass transition if the difference from the softening point exceeds 20 ° C.

  The crystalline polyester (a) preferably has an acid group at the end of the molecular chain from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A) containing the crystalline polyester (a). Examples of the acid group include a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and a sulfinic acid group. Among these, a carboxy group is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the resin particle dispersion.

The melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 75 from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, it is preferably 140 ° C. or less, more preferably 120 ° C. or less, still more preferably 100 ° C. or less, and even more preferably. 90 ° C. or lower, more preferably 85 ° C. or lower.
From the same viewpoint, the softening point of the crystalline polyester (a) is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 75 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 80 ° C. Further, it is preferably 150 ° C. or lower, more preferably 120 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 98 ° C. or lower.
The acid value of the crystalline polyester (a) is preferably 30 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 28 mgKOH / g from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A) containing the crystalline polyester (a). g or less, more preferably 25 mgKOH / g or less, preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 10 mgKOH / g or more, and further preferably 13 mgKOH / g or more. The desired softening point and acid value can be obtained by adjusting the charging ratio of alcohol and carboxylic acid, the polycondensation temperature, and the reaction time.
Crystalline polyester (a) can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.

  In the present invention, the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) is determined by the method described in the examples. When two or more crystalline polyesters (a) are used in combination, the melting point is the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) having the largest mass ratio in the crystalline polyester (a) contained in the obtained toner. It is set as melting | fusing point of crystalline polyester (a). In addition, when all are the same mass ratio, it shall be the lowest value. Moreover, the softening point of crystalline polyester (a) is calculated | required by the method as described in an Example as a mixture of crystalline polyester (a).

  It does not specifically limit as a raw material monomer of crystalline polyester (a), Arbitrary alcohol components and arbitrary carboxylic acid components, such as carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride, and carboxylic acid ester, are used.

Examples of the acid component include dicarboxylic acids, trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides thereof, and alkyl esters having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Among them, dicarboxylic acids are preferable. In the present invention, “an alkyl ester having 1 to 3 carbon atoms of an acid” means “an ester formed by binding an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms to an acid”.
Specific examples of the dicarboxylic acid include aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, alicyclic dicarboxylic acid, and aromatic dicarboxylic acid. Of these, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are preferred from the viewpoint of promoting the crystallinity of the polyester and improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner.
Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, succinic acid, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a succinic acid substituted with an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Etc. Specific examples of the succinic acid substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include dodecyl succinic acid, dodecenyl succinic acid, octenyl succinic acid, and the like. Among these, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.

Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms include maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, and azelaic acid. Can be mentioned. Of these, succinic acid, sebacic acid, and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid are preferred, and succinic acid and sebacic acid are more preferred from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.
Specific examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and the like.
Specific examples of the alicyclic dicarboxylic acid include cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid. Specific examples of the trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid include trimellitic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, and the like. Among them, the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. Therefore, trimellitic acid and its acid anhydride are preferable, and trimellitic acid anhydride is more preferable.
An acid component can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.

Examples of the alcohol component include aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the main chain, aromatic diols, alicyclic diols, trivalent or higher polyhydric alcohols, or alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (average addition). The number of moles is 1 or more and 16 or less). Of these, aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 main chain carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint of promoting the crystallinity of the polyester and improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner. In the present invention, the “diol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms of the diol” means “a compound obtained by adding an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms to the diol”.
Among the aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the main chain, α, ω-linear alkanediol is preferable from the viewpoint of promoting the crystallinity of the polyester and improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner.
As the α, ω-linear alkanediol having 2 to 12 main chain carbon atoms, those having 6 to 12 main chain carbon atoms are more preferable from the viewpoint of promoting the crystallinity of the polyester and improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner. Preferred are those having 9 to 12 carbon atoms in the main chain.

  Specific examples of α, ω-linear alkanediol include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,7-heptane. Diol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, etc., 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol are preferred. Among these, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol are more preferable, and 1,12-dodecanediol is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. .

Specific examples of other aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the main chain include 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol and the like.
Specific examples of other alcohol components include carbon number of bisphenol A such as polyoxypropylene-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxyethylene-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. 2 to 3 alkylene oxides (average added mole number 1 to 16) adducts, alicyclic diols such as hydrogenated bisphenol A or alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (average added mole number 2 to 12) Below), adducts, trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol or their adducts having 2 to 4 carbon atoms of alkylene oxide (average addition mole number of 1 to 16). Can be mentioned.
An alcohol component can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
The crystalline polyester (a) is preferably a polyester obtained by polycondensation of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and an α, ω-linear alkanediol having 2 to 12 main chain carbon atoms, more preferably succinic acid. At least one dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acids, sebacic acid and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10 -Polyester obtained by polycondensation of one or more diols selected from the group consisting of decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol, more preferably a group consisting of succinic acid, 1,9-nonanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. Polyester obtained by polycondensation of one or more diols selected from

The crystalline polyester (a) can be produced, for example, by polycondensing the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component in an inert gas atmosphere using an esterification catalyst as necessary.
As the esterification catalyst, an esterification catalyst such as a tin compound such as dibutyltin oxide or di (2-ethylhexanoic acid) tin or a titanium compound such as titanium diisopropylate bistriethanolamate can be used.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in the usage-amount of an esterification catalyst, Preferably it is 0.01 mass part or more with respect to 100 mass parts of total amounts of an acid component and an alcohol component, More preferably, it is 0.1 mass part or more, Preferably it is 1 mass part or less, More preferably, it is 0.8 mass part or less.
Moreover, a polymerization inhibitor can be used as needed. Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include tert-butylcatechol. In the case of using a polymerization inhibitor, the amount of the polymerization inhibitor used is preferably 0.001 part by mass or more, more preferably 0.005 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the acid component and the alcohol component. In addition, it is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or less.

  The polycondensation is preferably carried out at 130 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower and maintained for 3 hours or longer and 15 hours or shorter. After that, an esterification catalyst is added and the reaction is continued at 150 ° C. or higher and 220 ° C. or lower for 1 hour or longer and 5 hours or shorter. Is preferably carried out under the condition that the pressure is reduced to 5.0 kPa or more and 20 kPa or less and maintained for 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less.

(Amorphous polyester (b))
In addition to the crystalline polyester (a), the resin particles (A) preferably further contain an amorphous polyester (b) from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.
In the present invention, the amorphous polyester has a crystallinity index of more than 1.4 or less than 0.6, and from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-preserving stability of the toner, the amorphous polyester is 0. It is preferably less than 6 or more than 1.4 and 4 or less, more preferably 1.5 or more and 4 or less, further preferably 1.5 or more and 3 or less, and still more preferably 1.5 or more and 2 or less.

  The amorphous polyester (b) preferably has an acid group at the end of the molecular chain from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A) containing the amorphous polyester (b). Examples of the acid group include a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and a sulfinic acid group. Among these, a carboxy group is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A).

The amorphous polyester (b) can be produced by a polycondensation reaction between an acid component and an alcohol component in the same manner as the crystalline polyester (a). For example, it is produced by polycondensing the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component at a temperature of about 180 to 250 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere using an esterification catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor as necessary. Can do.

The raw material monomer of the amorphous polyester (b) is not particularly limited, and an arbitrary alcohol component and an arbitrary carboxylic acid component are used.
Examples of the acid component include dicarboxylic acids, trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides thereof, and alkyl esters having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, among which dicarboxylic acids and trivalent or higher polyvalent acids. Carboxylic acids are preferred, and dicarboxylic acids are more preferred.
Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include aromatic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids, and specifically, those listed above as the acid component of the crystalline polyester (a).
As the dicarboxylic acid, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid are preferable, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is more preferable, and among these, terephthalic acid and fumaric acid are preferable, and fumaric acid is more preferable.
As the trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid, trimellitic acid and its acid anhydride are preferable, and trimellitic acid anhydride is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.

Examples of the alcohol component include aliphatic diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the main chain, aromatic diols, alicyclic diols, trivalent or higher polyhydric alcohols, or alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (average addition). The number of moles is 1 or more and 16 or less), and the like. Specific examples include those mentioned as the alcohol component of the crystalline polyester (a). You may use the said alcohol component individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. Examples of the alcohol component include polyoxypropylene-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene-2,2-bis (from the viewpoint of improving the heat-resistant storage stability of the toner and the chargeability. An adduct of bisphenol A such as 4-hydroxyphenyl) propane having 2 to 3 carbon atoms with an alkylene oxide (average added mole number of 1 to 16) is preferred.
An acid component and an alcohol component can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types, respectively.

  The softening point of the amorphous polyester (b) is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 90 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably, from the viewpoint of improving low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. Is 95 ° C or higher, preferably 165 ° C or lower, more preferably 140 ° C or lower, still more preferably 130 ° C or lower, and still more preferably 120 ° C or lower.

From the same viewpoint, the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polyester (b) is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 55 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 56 ° C. or higher, and preferably 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably. Is 75 ° C. or lower, more preferably 70 ° C. or lower.
In addition, when using 2 or more types of amorphous polyesters (b) in mixture, the glass transition temperature and the softening point are as described in the examples as a mixture of 2 or more types of amorphous polyesters (b). The value obtained by the method.
The acid value of the amorphous polyester (b) is selected from the viewpoints of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A) containing the amorphous polyester (b), improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, and charging. From the viewpoint of improving the property, it is preferably 35 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 30 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 25 mgKOH / g or less, preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 10 mgKOH / g or more, Preferably it is 15 mgKOH / g or more.

Amorphous polyester (b) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, the amorphous polyester (b) preferably has an amorphous polyester obtained by polycondensation of an acid component containing fumaric acid and an alcohol component.
The content of the amorphous polyester (b) in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is 50% by mass of the resin constituting the resin particles (A) from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. % Or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, and from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, 0% by mass or more, preferably Is 2% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and still more preferably 10% by mass or more.

  In the present invention, the polyester includes not only an unmodified polyester as long as it has an acid group, but also a polyester modified to such an extent that the properties are not substantially impaired. Examples of the modified polyester include grafting and blocking with phenol, urethane, epoxy and the like by the methods described in JP-A-11-133668, JP-A-10-239903, JP-A-8-20636, and the like. And a composite resin having two or more kinds of resin units including a polyester unit.

  The resin particles (A) may contain a resin other than polyester, for example, a resin such as a styrene-acrylic copolymer, an epoxy resin, a polycarbonate, and a polyurethane as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

  The resin particles (A) may contain a colorant, a release agent, and a charge control agent as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Moreover, you may contain additives, such as reinforcement fillers, such as a fibrous material, antioxidant, and anti-aging agent, as needed.

(Coloring agent)
The resin particles (A) may be particles composed only of a resin or colorant-containing resin particles containing a colorant. From the viewpoint of obtaining uniform agglomerated particles in the subsequent agglomeration step, From the viewpoint of improving low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability, it is preferable to contain a colorant, and it is preferable to be a colorant-containing resin particle containing a colorant.
When the resin particles (A) are colorant-containing resin particles, the content of the colorant is preferably based on 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the resin particles (A) from the viewpoint of improving the image density of the printed matter. From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, it is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less.

Examples of the colorant used in the present invention include pigments and dyes, and pigments are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the image density of printed matter.
Examples of the pigment include a cyan pigment, a yellow pigment, a magenta pigment, and a black pigment.
The cyan pigment is preferably a phthalocyanine pigment, and more preferably copper phthalocyanine. The yellow pigment is preferably a monoazo pigment, isoindoline pigment or benzimidazolone pigment, and the magenta pigment is preferably a soluble azo pigment such as quinacridone pigment or BONA lake pigment, or an insoluble azo pigment such as naphthol AS pigment. The black pigment is preferably carbon black.
Examples of the dye include acridine dyes, azo dyes, benzoquinone dyes, azine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, indigo dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, aniline black dyes, and the like.
A coloring agent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.

(Production of resin particles (A))
The resin particles (A) are prepared by dispersing the resin containing the crystalline polyester (a) and, if necessary, the above-mentioned optional components such as a surfactant and a colorant in an aqueous medium to disperse the resin particles (A). It is preferably produced by a method obtained as a liquid (also referred to as “dispersion containing resin particles (A)” or “resin particles (A) dispersion”).

As the aqueous medium, those containing water as a main component are preferable. From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the resin particle (A) dispersion and the environmental viewpoint, the content of water in the aqueous medium is preferably 80% by mass. % Or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably substantially 100% by mass, and still more preferably 100% by mass. As water, deionized water or distilled water is preferably used.
Components other than water include alkyl alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; ketones having a dialkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and organic solvents that dissolve in water such as cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran. It is done. Among these, from the viewpoint of preventing the organic solvent from being mixed into the toner, an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms that does not dissolve the polyester is preferable, and methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol are more preferable.

  As a method for obtaining a dispersion containing the resin particles (A), a method of adding a resin or the like to an aqueous medium and performing a dispersion treatment with a disperser or the like, or an aqueous medium is gradually added to the resin or the like to perform phase inversion emulsification. From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the obtained toner, a method using phase inversion emulsification is preferable. Hereinafter, a method by phase inversion emulsification will be described.

First, a resin mixture is obtained by melting and mixing the above-mentioned optional components such as a resin containing the crystalline polyester (a) and, if necessary, a surfactant and a colorant.
When a resin other than the crystalline polyester (a) is included, a crystalline polyester (a mixture of a and other resin may be used in advance, but it is added at the same time when other components are added and melted. Then, a resin mixture may be obtained by mixing.

  As a method for obtaining the resin mixture, the resin containing the crystalline polyester (a), the surfactant, the above-mentioned optional components such as the colorant, and the basic aqueous solution are put in a container, and the resin is stirred while stirring with a stirrer. A method of melting and mixing uniformly is preferable.

  The dispersion of the resin particles (A) in the present invention preferably contains a surfactant from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A).

Examples of the surfactant include a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a cationic surfactant. From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A), the surfactant is nonionic. A surfactant is preferable, a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant are more preferably used in combination, and a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant are used in combination. Is more preferable.
When a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant are used in combination, the mass ratio of the nonionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant (nonionic surfactant / anionic surfactant) is: From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A), it is preferably 0.3 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less.

The nonionic surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl or alkenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, and oxyethylene / oxypropylene block copolymers. preferable.
Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers include polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, and specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl or alkenyl ethers include polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, and the like. Is mentioned. Specific examples of polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters include polyethylene glycol monolaurate, polyethylene glycol monostearate, polyethylene glycol monooleate, and the like. As the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkyl or alkenyl ethers are preferable and polyoxyethylene oleyl ether is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A).
Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, etc. From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A), alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyls Ether sulfate is preferred.
As the alkyl benzene sulfonate, an alkali metal salt of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid is preferable, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is more preferable. As the alkyl sulfate, an alkali metal salt of dodecyl sulfate is preferable, and sodium dodecyl sulfate is more preferable. As the alkyl ether sulfate, an alkali metal salt of dodecyl ether sulfate is preferable, and sodium dodecyl ether sulfate is more preferable.
The cationic surfactant is preferably a quaternary ammonium salt, and examples thereof include alkylbenzene trimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the like.

  The addition amount of the surfactant is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistant storage stability of the toner with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the resin particles (A). More preferably 10 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, and from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A), preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably Is 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more.

Examples of the basic compound used in the basic aqueous solution include inorganic basic compounds and organic basic compounds.
Examples of the inorganic base compound include hydroxides, carbonates and hydrogen carbonates of alkali metals such as potassium, sodium and lithium. Specific examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and hydrogen carbonate. Examples include sodium and potassium bicarbonate. Ammonia may be used. Organic bases include alkanolamines such as diethylethanolamine. From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A) and the viewpoint of improving the charging stability of the toner, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate are preferable, and potassium carbonate is more preferable. .

  The concentration of the basic compound in the basic aqueous solution is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and still more preferably from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability and productivity of the dispersion of the resin particles (A). Is 10% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and still more preferably 22% by mass or less.

  The temperature at which the resin is melted and mixed is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform resin particles.

  Next, an aqueous medium is added to the resin mixture and phase inversion is performed to obtain a dispersion containing resin particles (A).

  The temperature at which the aqueous medium is added constitutes the resin particles (A) from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A), and improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. Above the melting point of the resin and above the glass transition temperature are preferred, and below the boiling point of the aqueous medium used in step (1). Specifically, it is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 85 ° C. or higher, and preferably less than 100 ° C., more preferably 95 ° C. or lower.

From the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A), and improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner, the addition speed of the aqueous medium is not limited until the phase inversion is completed. Preferably it is 0.1 mass part / min or more with respect to 100 mass parts of resin which comprises A), More preferably, it is 0.5 mass part / min or more, Preferably it is 50 mass parts / min or less, more Preferably it is 30 mass parts / min or less, More preferably, it is 10 mass parts / min or less, More preferably, it is 5 mass parts / min or less. There is no restriction | limiting in the addition speed | rate of the aqueous medium after the resin phase is obtained after phase inversion.
The amount of the aqueous medium used is preferably 50 masses with respect to 100 mass parts of the resin constituting the resin particles (A) from the viewpoint of improving the productivity of the toner and obtaining uniform aggregated particles in the subsequent aggregation step. Part or more, more preferably 100 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 150 parts by weight or more, and preferably 900 parts by weight or less, more preferably 500 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 300 parts by weight or less.

  The solid content concentration of the obtained dispersion of resin particles (A) is preferably 7% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving the productivity of the toner and the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the resin particles (A). More preferably, it is 10 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 20 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 25 mass% or more, Preferably it is 50 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 40 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 35 mass% It is as follows. In addition, solid content is the total amount of non-volatile components, such as resin, a coloring agent, and surfactant.

The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the resin particles (A) in the dispersion of the resin particles (A) is preferably 50 nm or more, more preferably 80 nm or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner capable of obtaining a high-quality image. More preferably, it is 100 nm or more, preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 400 nm or less, and still more preferably 300 nm or less. Here, the volume-median particle size is a particle size at which the cumulative volume frequency calculated by the volume fraction is 50% when calculated from the smaller particle size, and is obtained by the method described in the examples.
The coefficient of variation (CV value) (%) of the particle size distribution of the resin particles (A) is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 45% or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner capable of obtaining a high-quality image. Preferably it is 40% or less. Moreover, 5% or more is preferable from a viewpoint of improving the productivity of the dispersion liquid of the resin particle (A), 10% or more is more preferable, and 15% or more is still more preferable. The CV value is a value represented by the following formula. Here, the volume average particle diameter is obtained by multiplying the particle diameter measured on a volume basis by the ratio of particles having the particle diameter value. It is a particle size obtained by dividing the obtained value by the number of particles, and is determined by the method described in the examples.
CV value (%) = [standard deviation of particle size distribution (nm) / volume average particle size (nm)] × 100

[Releasing agent particles]
The toner for developing an electrostatic image obtained by the production method of the present invention contains a release agent from the viewpoint of improving the releasability and low-temperature fixability of the toner. Therefore, in step (1), it is preferable to first mix the resin particles (A) and the release agent particles containing the release agent in an aqueous medium to obtain a mixed dispersion. The release agent particles are preferably obtained as a dispersion of release agent particles by dispersing the release agent in an aqueous medium.

(Release agent)
Release agents include low molecular weight polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene; silicone waxes; fatty acid amides such as oleic acid amides and stearic acid amides; plant waxes; animal waxes such as beeswax; mineral or petroleum waxes; esters Synthetic waxes such as waxes may be mentioned.
Examples of plant-based waxes include carnauba wax, rice wax, and candelilla wax. Carnauba wax is preferred from the viewpoint of improving toner releasability and low-temperature fixability.
Examples of the mineral or petroleum-based wax include montan wax, paraffin wax, and Fischer-Tropsch wax. Paraffin wax is preferable from the viewpoint of improving toner releasability and low-temperature fixability.
These release agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and it is preferable to use in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of improving the releasability and low-temperature fixability of the toner, it is preferable to use a plant-based wax and a mineral-based or petroleum-based wax in combination, and it is more preferable to use a carnauba wax and a paraffin wax in combination.

The melting point of the release agent is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably 65 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, and preferably 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. Below, more preferably 95 ° C. or less, still more preferably 90 ° C. or less, and still more preferably 85 ° C. or less. When two or more types are used in combination, the melting point is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner. That is, the release agent preferably contains at least two release agents having a melting point of 60 ° C. or more and 100 ° C. or less, and any melting point is preferably 60 ° C. or more and 90 ° C. or less.
In the present invention, the melting point of the release agent is determined by the method described in the examples. When two or more kinds are used in combination, the melting point of the release agent having the largest mass ratio among the release agents contained in the obtained toner is the melting point of the release agent in the present invention. When all have the same ratio, the lowest value is set.

  The amount of the release agent used is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin in the toner, from the viewpoint of improving the releasability and low-temperature fixability of the toner. The amount is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, and preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of improving the heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.

(Manufacture of release agent particles)
The release agent particles are preferably obtained as a dispersion of release agent particles by dispersing the release agent in an aqueous medium.
In the dispersion of the release agent particles, the release agent and the aqueous medium are dispersed using a disperser at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the release agent in the presence of the resin particles (B) and the surfactant. It is preferable to obtain by. As the disperser to be used, a homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the obtained toner.
Examples of the ultrasonic disperser include an ultrasonic homogenizer. Examples of the commercially available products include “US-150T”, “US-300T”, “US-600T” (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), SONIFIER 4020-400, and SONIFIER 4020-800 (manufactured by Branson).
Further, before using the disperser, it is preferable to preliminarily disperse the release agent, optionally the resin particles (B) and the surfactant, and the aqueous medium in advance using a mixer such as a homomixer or a ball mill. .
The preferred embodiment of the aqueous medium used in the production is the same as that used when obtaining the resin particles (A).

From the viewpoint of improving the heat resistant storage stability of the toner, the release agent particles are prepared by mixing and dispersing a release agent, a dispersion of resin particles (B), and a compound having an oxazoline group. It is preferable to use a dispersion.
When the release agent particles contain resin particles (B), the mass ratio of the resin particles (B) to 100 parts by mass of the release agent is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably. Is 5 parts by mass or more, preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 10 parts by mass or less.

(Resin particles (B))
The resin particles (B) function as a dispersant for the release agent.

  As the resin constituting the resin particles (B), known resins such as styrene-acrylic copolymer, vinyl chloride resin, epoxy resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane can be used. From the viewpoint of improving the storage stability, it is preferable to contain polyester. The polyester content is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and still more preferably from the resin constituting the resin particles (B) from the viewpoint of improving low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. It is 90 mass% or more, More preferably, it is substantially 100 mass%, More preferably, it is 100 mass%.

As the polyester, either a crystalline polyester or an amorphous polyester can be used, and both can be mixed and used. However, in the present invention, the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the release agent particles is improved. From the viewpoint and from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner, it is preferable to contain an amorphous polyester.
The content of the amorphous polyester in the polyester in the resin particles (B) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, More preferably, it is substantially 100% by mass, and still more preferably 100% by mass.

  The polyester used for the resin particles (B) can be produced by a polycondensation reaction between an acid component and an alcohol component in the same manner as the polyester used for the resin particles (A). Specific examples of preferable acid component and alcohol component are the same as those of the polyester used in the resin particles (A).

The glass transition temperature, softening point, and acid value of the polyester used for the resin particles (B) are preferably in the same range as the polyester used for the resin particles (A).
Moreover, the polyester used for the resin particles (B) may contain two types of polyesters having different softening points.
The resin particles (B) are preferably produced by a method of obtaining the resin particles (B) as a dispersion by dispersing the resin and, if necessary, the optional components such as a surfactant in an aqueous medium.
A preferred embodiment of a method for obtaining a dispersion containing resin particles (B) is the same as the method for obtaining a dispersion containing resin particles (A).
The solid content concentration of the dispersion of the resin particles (B) is determined in view of improving the dispersion stability of the dispersion of the release agent particles containing the resin particles (B), facilitating handling, and toner production. From the viewpoint of improving the property, it is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and further preferably 20% by mass or more. Further, it is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 45% by mass or less, and still more preferably 40% by mass or less. In addition, solid content is the total amount of non-volatile components, such as resin and surfactant.

The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the resin particles (B) in the dispersion of the resin particles (B) is preferably 20 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner capable of obtaining a high-quality image. More preferably, it is 80 nm or more, preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 300 nm or less, still more preferably 150 nm or less.
Further, the coefficient of variation (CV value) (%) of the particle size distribution of the resin particles (B) is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner capable of obtaining a high-quality image. Preferably, it is 30% or less. Moreover, 5% or more is preferable from a viewpoint of improving the productivity of the dispersion liquid of the resin particle (B), 10% or more is more preferable, and 15% or more is still more preferable.

When producing release agent particles using the resin particles (B), from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the release agent particles, from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform aggregated particles in the subsequent aggregation process, even after heating in the fusion process From the viewpoint of including a release agent in the toner and improving the heat resistant storage stability and low-temperature fixability of the toner, it is preferable to mix a compound having an oxazoline group. As a result, the release agent particles are easily taken into the resin containing the crystalline polyester at the time of aggregation, and the release agent release is easily suppressed at the time of fusion.
The compound having an oxazoline group preferably contains a plurality of oxazoline groups in the molecule, and more preferably a polymer containing an oxazoline group. The number average molecular weight of the polymer containing an oxazoline group is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more, and preferably 2,000,000 or less, more preferably, from the viewpoint of increasing the reactivity with the polyester. Is 1,000,000 or less.
Commercially available polymers containing oxazoline groups include "Epocross WS Series" (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., water-soluble type, main chain acrylic), "K Series" (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., emulsion type, main chain styrene / acrylic) ) And the like.
The content or addition amount of the compound having an oxazoline group is solid with respect to 100 parts by mass of the release agent from the viewpoint of enhancing the reactivity with the release agent and the resin and improving the productivity of the release agent particles. The amount is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, further preferably 0.7 parts by mass or more, and preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2 parts by mass or less. More preferably, it is 1 mass part or less.

The temperature at the time of adding and mixing the compound having an oxazoline group is preferably 60 ° C. or more, more preferably from the viewpoint of increasing the reactivity with the release agent and the resin and improving the productivity of the release agent particles. It is 70 degreeC or more, Preferably it is 100 degrees C or less, More preferably, it is 98 degrees C or less.
The order of addition of each component is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to add and mix the dispersion of resin particles (B) after mixing the release agent and the compound having an oxazoline group.
The addition amount of the resin particles (B) in the dispersion of the release agent particles is from the viewpoint of improving the cohesiveness of the release agent particles during toner preparation and preventing the release with respect to 100 parts by mass of the release agent. The amount is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 5 parts by mass or more. From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability of the toner, preferably 15 parts by mass. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 10 parts by mass or less.

The dispersion of the release agent particles in the aqueous medium may be performed in the presence of a surfactant from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the release agent particles and obtaining uniform aggregated particles in the subsequent aggregation step. Good.
Examples of the surfactant include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and cationic surfactants. From the viewpoint of improving the cohesiveness between the release agent particles and the resin particles, the anionic surfactants Among them, from the same viewpoint, those in which the hydrophilic group is a carboxy group are more preferable, and polycarboxylates are more preferable.
Examples of polycarboxylates include polyacrylates, salts of acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymers, polymaleates from the viewpoint of improving the cohesiveness of release agent particles during toner preparation and preventing release. Etc., and a salt of acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer is more preferable. As the salt, an alkali metal salt is preferable, and a sodium salt is more preferable.
The weight average molecular weight of the polycarboxylate is preferably 90,000 or less, more preferably 50,000 or less, and more than 3,000 from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the release agent particles. It is preferably 10,000 or more.
Commercially available products of polycarboxylates include “Poise 530” (sodium polyacrylate aqueous solution, weight average molecular weight 38000, effective concentration 40% by mass) and “Poise 521” (sodium acrylate-sodium maleate) manufactured by Kao Corporation. Polymer aqueous solution, weight average molecular weight 20000, effective concentration 40% by mass) and the like.

  The content of the surfactant in the release agent particle dispersion is from the viewpoint of improving the dispersion stability of the release agent particles, from the viewpoint of improving the cohesiveness of the release agent particles during toner preparation and preventing release. , Preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, further preferably 1% by mass or less, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and still more preferably. 0.4% by mass or more. Further, from the same viewpoint, the content of the surfactant in the release agent particle dispersion is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, further with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total release agent. Preferably it is 5.0 mass parts or less, Preferably it is 0.2 mass parts or more, More preferably, it is 1.0 mass part or more, More preferably, it is 2.0 mass parts or more.

From the viewpoint of improving the productivity of the toner and the dispersion stability of the release agent particle dispersion, the solid content concentration of the dispersion of the release agent particles is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass. % Or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 25% by mass or less. In addition, solid content is the total amount of non-volatile components, such as a mold release agent and resin.
The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the release agent particles is preferably 100 nm or more from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform aggregated particles in the subsequent aggregation step, and improving the charging stability and high temperature offset resistance of the toner. More preferably, it is 200 nm or more, Preferably it is 1 micrometer or less, More preferably, it is 700 nm or less, More preferably, it is 600 nm or less.
The CV value of the release agent particles is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and still more preferably from the viewpoint of obtaining uniform aggregated particles in the subsequent aggregation step and improving the charging stability of the toner. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, it is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more, and further preferably 25% or more. The volume-median particle size and CV value of the release agent particles are determined by the same method as that for the resin particles (A), and specifically by the method described in the examples.

[Production of dispersion of aggregated particles]
The dispersion liquid of the agglomerated particles is produced by a method of aggregating the resin particles (A), the release agent particles, and arbitrary components such as the aggregating agent and the colorant in an aqueous medium to obtain the agglomerated particles.
In this step, it is preferable to first mix the resin particles (A) and release agent particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a mixed dispersion.
In addition, when a colorant is not mixed in the resin particles (A), it is preferable to mix a colorant in the mixed dispersion.
Further, resin particles other than the resin particles (A) may be mixed in the mixed dispersion. As the resin particles other than the resin particles (A), resin particles containing amorphous polyester are preferable.
There is no restriction | limiting in order of mixing, You may add any in order and may add simultaneously.

From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and productivity of the toner, the resin particles (A) are preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass in the mixed dispersion containing the resin particles (A) and the release agent particles. In addition, from the viewpoint of obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size by controlling aggregation, it is preferably 40% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or less.
The aqueous medium is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass in the mixed dispersion containing the resin particles (A) and the release agent particles from the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size. From the viewpoint of improving toner productivity, it is preferably 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 80% by mass or less.
From the viewpoint of improving the releasability and low-temperature fixability of the toner, the release agent particles are preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 100 parts by mass of the resin particles (A). Is 5 parts by mass or more, and preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistant storage stability of the toner.
The mixing temperature is preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size.

  Next, the particles in the mixed dispersion are aggregated to obtain a dispersion of aggregated particles. From the viewpoint of efficiently performing the aggregation, it is preferable to add an aggregating agent.

(Flocculant)
The flocculant is preferably an electrolyte, and more preferably a salt, from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner having a desired particle diameter while preventing excessive aggregation.
Examples of the aggregating agent include a quaternary salt cationic surfactant, an organic aggregating agent such as polyethyleneimine; and an inorganic aggregating agent such as an inorganic metal salt, an inorganic ammonium salt, and a bivalent or higher-valent metal complex. From the viewpoint of improving cohesion and obtaining uniform aggregated particles, inorganic coagulants are preferred, inorganic metal salts and inorganic ammonium salts are more preferred, and inorganic ammonium salts are even more preferred.
The valence of the cation of the inorganic flocculant is preferably from 1 to 5 and more preferably from 1 to 2 and more preferably from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner having a desired particle size while preventing excessive aggregation. Is monovalent.
Examples of the monovalent cation of the inorganic flocculant include sodium, potassium, and ammonium. Ammonium is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the charging stability of the toner.
Examples of the inorganic metal salt include metal salts such as sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and calcium nitrate, and inorganic metal salt polymers such as polyaluminum chloride and polyaluminum hydroxide.
Examples of inorganic ammonium salts include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate.
As the flocculant, ammonium sulfate is more preferable.

  The use amount of the flocculant is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 45 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 45 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the resin particles (A) from the viewpoint of improving the charging stability of the toner. Preferably it is 40 mass parts or less. Further, from the viewpoint of controlling the aggregation of the resin particles to obtain a desired particle size, it is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 20 parts by mass or more.

The flocculant is added dropwise to the mixture dispersion. The flocculant may be added at one time, or may be added intermittently or continuously. However, from the viewpoint of obtaining agglomerated particles having a desired particle size by controlling agglomeration, the flocculant should be added in multiple times. Is preferred. It is preferable to perform sufficient stirring during and after the addition.
The flocculant is preferably added dropwise as an aqueous solution from the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size. The concentration of the aqueous solution of the flocculant is preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and still more preferably 7% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size. Moreover, it is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and still more preferably 27% by mass or less. When the flocculant is added in several batches, the aqueous solution concentration of the flocculant may be different each time. However, the viewpoint of obtaining the aggregated particles having a desired particle diameter by controlling the aggregation, and the toner productivity From the viewpoint of improving the concentration, the aqueous solution concentration of the flocculant used for the first dropping is preferably lower than the aqueous solution concentration of the flocculant after the second dropping.
When the flocculant is added in a plurality of times, the ratio of the flocculant used for the first dropping in the total amount of flocculant added at each time is determined by controlling the aggregation and agglomerated particles having a desired particle size. From the viewpoint of obtaining toner and improving toner productivity, it is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, still more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and still more preferably. Is 85% by mass or more, preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and still more preferably 90% by mass or less.
When the aggregating agent is added in a plurality of times, the number of times is preferably 2 or more and 5 times from the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle diameter and improving the productivity of the toner. More preferably, it is 2 times or more and 4 times or less, More preferably, it is 2 times or more and 3 times or less, More preferably, it is 2 times.

The dropping time of the flocculant is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 5 minutes or more, and further preferably 10 minutes or more from the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, it is preferably 120 minutes or less, more preferably 60 minutes or less, and still more preferably 40 minutes or less.
The temperature at which the flocculant is dropped is preferably 0 ° C. or higher, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of improving the productivity of the toner. From the viewpoint of obtaining, it is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably 40 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 30 ° C. or lower.
The pH in the dispersion containing the flocculant is preferably 5.0 or higher, more preferably 6.0 or higher, and preferably 14. or higher from the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner. 0 or less, more preferably 12.0 or less.
Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion amount of the toner to the printed matter and improving the image density of the printed matter, that is, improving the developability of the toner, the pH in the dispersion added with the flocculant is more preferably 6.5. Or more, more preferably 7.0 or more, still more preferably 7.5 or more, still more preferably 10.0 or less, still more preferably 9.0 or less, and still more preferably 8.5 or less. is there.
The reason why the developability of the toner obtained by adjusting the pH of the dispersion during aggregation to the above range is not clear, but by adjusting the pH to the above range when the resin particles are aggregated, Since the dissociation state of ionic functional groups such as carboxy groups that can exist on the surface of the resin particle is uniformized, and further, the charge state on the surface of the toner obtained in the subsequent aggregation and fusing process is also uniformed. It is considered that the developing property of the whole toner is improved by the uniform charging property.
As a method of adjusting the pH of the dispersion at the time of agglomeration, an acid or a base is added to the mixed dispersion containing the resin particles (A) and the release agent particles, and the flocculant is added to the mixed dispersion and then an acid is added. Alternatively, a method of adding a base, a method of adding an acid or a base when mixing an aggregating agent into an aqueous solution, and dropping an aqueous solution obtained by mixing to a mixed dispersion, agglomerating a salt exhibiting a suitable pH when the aqueous solution is prepared And a method of selecting it as an agent and adding it to the mixed dispersion. These may be performed alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of controlling aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle diameter, improving the productivity of the toner, and improving the developability of the toner, an acid or a base is added when the aggregating agent is used as an aqueous solution. The method of dripping the aqueous solution obtained by mixing to a mixing dispersion liquid is preferable.
Known acids or bases can be added. Examples of acids include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid and sulfuric acid, organic acids such as acetic acid and lactic acid, and bases such as lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Inorganic base compounds such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia, organic base compounds such as diethanolamine, and the like can be used, and ammonia is more preferable.
Further, from the viewpoint of promoting aggregation and obtaining aggregated particles having a desired particle size and particle size distribution, it is preferable to increase the temperature of the dispersion after adding the flocculant. As a temperature to maintain, it is preferable that it is 50 degreeC or more and the temperature below melting | fusing point of crystalline polyester. It is preferable to confirm the progress of aggregation by monitoring the volume-median particle size of the aggregated particles in the temperature range.
When adding the flocculant in several batches, the temperature may be raised each time the flocculant is added, and after the first flocculant is added, the remaining flocculant is maintained while maintaining the temperature. May be added.
The volume median particle size is measured by the method described in the examples.

Aggregation is stopped when the aggregated particles grow to an appropriate particle size as a toner. The particle size to stop the aggregation, from the viewpoint of obtaining a viewpoint and high-quality image of improving the toner charge stability, volume median particle size (D ₅₀₎ of the aggregated particles is preferably 2μm or more, more preferably It is 3 μm or more, more preferably 4 μm or more, preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, still more preferably 6 μm or less.

  Examples of the method for stopping the aggregation include a method of cooling the dispersion, a method of adding an aggregation stopper, and a method of diluting the dispersion. From the viewpoint of reliably preventing unnecessary aggregation, the aggregation stopper A method of stopping the aggregation by adding is preferable.

As the aggregation terminator, a surfactant is preferable, and an anionic surfactant is more preferable. Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates. The aggregation terminator can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The addition amount of the aggregation terminator is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the resin in the toner, from the viewpoint of surely preventing unnecessary aggregation. More preferably, it is 2 parts by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of reducing residual toner, it is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 6 parts by mass or less. The aggregation terminator is preferably added as an aqueous solution from the viewpoint of improving toner productivity.

  The temperature at which the aggregation terminator is added is preferably the same as the temperature at which the aggregated particle dispersion is retained, and is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 75 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of improving toner productivity.

The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the obtained aggregated particles is preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 2 μm or more, further preferably 3 μm or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner capable of obtaining a high-quality image. The thickness is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, and still more preferably 7 μm or less. The CV value is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 28% or less, and further preferably 25% or less from the viewpoint of obtaining a toner capable of obtaining a high-quality image. From the viewpoint of improving the property, 5% or more is preferable, 10% or more is more preferable, and 15% or more is still more preferable. The volume median particle size and CV value of the aggregated particles are specifically determined by the method described in the examples.

  The obtained aggregated particles can be further aggregated with other resin particles to obtain core-shell structured aggregated particles. In this case, it is preferable to aggregate so that the obtained aggregated particles are on the core side and the other resin particles are on the shell side.

<Step (2)>
Step (2) is a step of obtaining toner particles by fusing the aggregated particles obtained in step (1).
In the aggregated particles, the particles that are mainly physically attached to each other are fused and united to form toner particles. Here, by controlling the temperature and holding time at the time of fusion within a specific range, the crystalline polyester is fused more efficiently without melting the crystal polyester more than necessary. A toner having both low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability.

In this step, the temperature is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) from the viewpoint of improving the fusing property of the aggregated particles and improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner.
At that time, the time for holding at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) is 10 seconds or longer and 30 minutes or shorter, preferably 20 seconds or longer, from the viewpoint of improving the low temperature fixability and heat resistant storage stability of the toner. More preferably, it is 30 seconds or more, preferably 25 minutes or less, more preferably 20 minutes or less, still more preferably 15 minutes or less, still more preferably 12 minutes or less, and even more preferably 5 minutes or less.
In addition, considering that the melting of the crystalline polyester starts even at a temperature lower than the melting point, from the viewpoint of improving the fusing property of the aggregated particles, improving the low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability of the toner, The time at which the temperature is 5 ° C. lower than the melting point of the polyester (a) is preferably 20 seconds or more, more preferably 40 seconds or more, still more preferably 60 seconds or more, and preferably 45 minutes or less, more preferably It is 40 minutes or less, more preferably 30 minutes or less, even more preferably 25 minutes or less, even more preferably 20 minutes or less, and even more preferably 15 minutes or less.

  From the viewpoint of improving the low-temperature fixability, heat-resistant storage stability, and productivity of the toner, the temperature to be retained is preferably a temperature not higher than 30 ° C. above the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a), more preferably 15 ° C. higher than the melting point. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 10 ° C. or less higher than the melting point, still more preferably 8 ° C. or less higher than the melting point, more preferably 5 ° C. or less higher than the melting point. That is, it is preferable that the maximum temperature reached at the time of fusion is not more than the temperature.

The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the toner particles obtained in the step (2) is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 3 μm or more, further preferably 4 μm or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high-quality image. The thickness is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, and still more preferably 6 μm or less.
The volume median particle size of the toner particles obtained in the step (2) is preferably not more than the volume median particle size of the aggregated particles. That is, in this step (2), it is preferable that aggregation and fusion of the aggregated particles do not occur.

(Post-processing process)
In the present invention, a post-treatment step may be performed after the step (2), and it is preferable to obtain toner particles by isolation.
Since the toner particles obtained in the step (2) are present in an aqueous medium, it is preferable to first perform solid-liquid separation. For solid-liquid separation, a suction filtration method or the like is preferably used.
It is preferable to perform washing after the solid-liquid separation. When a nonionic surfactant is used in the production of the resin particles (A) and (B), it is preferable to remove the added nonionic surfactant, so the cloud point of the nonionic surfactant In the following, it is preferable to wash with an aqueous solution. The washing is preferably performed a plurality of times.

  Next, although it is preferable to dry, the temperature at the time of drying is preferably set so that the temperature of the toner particles itself is 5 ° C. or more lower than the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a), and is 10 ° C. or more lower. It is more preferable to set to. As a drying method, it is preferable to use a vacuum low temperature drying method, a vibration type fluidized drying method, a spray drying method, a freeze drying method, a flash jet method, or the like. The water content after drying is preferably adjusted to 1.5% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or less, from the viewpoint of suppressing toner scattering and improving the chargeability.

[Toner for electrostatic image development]
Although the toner particles obtained by drying or the like can be used as they are as the toner of the present invention, it is preferable to use toner particles whose surfaces have been treated as described below as electrostatic charge image developing toner.
The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the toner is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 3 μm or more, and further preferably 4 μm or more from the viewpoint of improving the productivity of the toner and obtaining a high-quality image. Further, it is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, and further preferably 6 μm or less.
The CV value of the toner is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 33% or less, still more preferably 31% or less, and still more preferably 30% or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high-quality image. From the viewpoint of improving the properties, it is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 18% or more, still more preferably 20% or more, and still more preferably 25% or more.

In the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image obtained by the production method of the present invention, the toner particles can be used as the toner as they are. It is preferable to do.
Examples of the external additive include hydrophobic silica, titanium oxide fine particles, alumina fine particles, cerium oxide fine particles, inorganic fine particles such as carbon black, and polymer fine particles such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and silicone resin. Among these, hydrophobic Silica is preferred.
When the surface treatment of the toner particles is performed using an external additive, the amount of the external additive added is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles. , Preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 4.5 parts by mass or less.

  The electrostatic image developing toner obtained by the present invention can be used as a one-component developer or mixed with a carrier and used as a two-component developer.

In relation to the above-described embodiment, the present invention discloses the following method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image.
<1> Step (1): A step of aggregating resin particles (A) containing crystalline polyester and release agent particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion of aggregated particles, and step (2): A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising the step of fusing the agglomerated particles obtained in step (1) at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester to obtain toner particles, wherein the resin particles (A The content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting) is 50% by mass or more, and in the step (2), the time that is at least the melting point of the crystalline polyester is 10 seconds or more, preferably 20 seconds or more, more preferably 30 seconds or more, and 30 minutes or less, preferably 25 minutes or less, more preferably 20 minutes or less, still more preferably 15 minutes or less, still more preferably 12 minutes or less, and even more preferably 5 minutes or less. Static charge Method for producing a toner for developing.

<2> The method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner according to <1>, wherein the resin particles (A) containing the crystalline polyester further contain an amorphous polyester.
<3> The content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 75% by mass or more, and still more preferably 80% by mass or more. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <1> or <2>, which is 100% by mass or less, preferably 98% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and still more preferably 90% by mass or less.
<4> The release agent particles have a release agent and a volume median particle size of 20 nm or more, preferably 50 nm or more, more preferably 80 nm or more, and 500 nm or less, preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <3>, which is a release agent particle obtained by mixing and emulsifying and dispersing resin particles (B) of 150 nm or less.
<5> The volume median particle size of the resin particles (A) is 50 nm or more, preferably 80 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or more, and 500 nm or less, preferably 400 nm or less, more preferably 300 nm or less. <1>-<4> The manufacturing method of the electrostatic image developing toner in any one of <4>.

<6> The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the temperature at the time of aggregation in the step (1) is not higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester, preferably not lower than 50 ° C. Manufacturing method.
<7> In the step (2), the time which is 5 ° C. or more lower than the melting point of the crystalline polyester is 20 seconds or longer, preferably 40 seconds or longer, more preferably 60 seconds or longer, and preferably 45 minutes. Or less, more preferably 40 minutes or less, still more preferably 30 minutes or less, even more preferably 25 minutes or less, even more preferably 20 minutes or less, and even more preferably 15 minutes or less, <1> to <6> A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image according to any one of the above.
<8> In step (1), the flocculant is used a plurality of times, preferably 2 times or more and 5 times or less, more preferably 2 times or more and 4 times or less, still more preferably 2 times or more and 3 times or less, and even more preferably 2 times. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein the toner is added separately.
<9> The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <8>, wherein the resin particles (A) further contain a colorant.
<10> The melting point of the crystalline polyester (a) is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 75 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 78 ° C. or higher. In addition, any one of <1> to <9>, which is preferably 140 ° C. or lower, more preferably 120 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 90 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 85 ° C. or lower. A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image as described above.

<11> The softening point of the crystalline polyester (a) is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 75 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 80 ° C. or higher. The electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <10>, which is preferably 150 ° C. or lower, more preferably 120 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, and still more preferably 95 ° C. or lower. A method for producing a developing toner.
<12> The acid value of the crystalline polyester (a) is preferably 30 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 28 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 25 mgKOH / g or less, and preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably Is 10 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 13 mgKOH / g or more, The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <11>.
<13> The acid component of the raw material monomer of the crystalline polyester (a) contains an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, succinic acid. , Adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid and azelaic acid, more preferably at least one of succinic acid, sebacic acid and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, still more preferably The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <12>, which is at least one of succinic acid and sebacic acid.

<14> The acid component of the raw material monomer of the crystalline polyester (a) contains a trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acid, preferably at least one of trimellitic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid and pyromellitic acid. Production of a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <13>, comprising a seed, more preferably trimellitic acid and its acid anhydride, and still more preferably trimellitic acid anhydride. Method.
<15> The alcohol component of the raw material monomer of the crystalline polyester (a) contains an α, ω-linear alkanediol, preferably an α, ω-linear alkanediol having 9 to 12 main chain carbon atoms, More preferably, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1, At least one of 8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol, more preferably 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9 At least one of nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol, more preferably 1, The static according to any one of <1> to <14>, which is at least one of nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol, and more preferably 1,12-dodecanediol. A method for producing a toner for developing a charge image.
<16> The crystalline polyester (a) is preferably a polyester obtained by polycondensation of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and an α, ω-linear alkanediol having 2 to 12 main chain carbon atoms. Is one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, sebacic acid and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, Polyester obtained by polycondensation of one or more diols selected from the group consisting of 1,10-decanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol, more preferably from succinic acid, 1,9-nonanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. The electrostatic image development according to any one of <1> to <15>, which is a polyester obtained by polycondensation of at least one diol selected from the group consisting of Of manufacturing toner.

<17> The acid component of the raw material monomer of the amorphous polyester (b) includes an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and preferably includes at least one of terephthalic acid and fumaric acid, <1> to <16 The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of the above.
<18> The alcohol component of the raw material monomer of the amorphous polyester (b) is an aliphatic diol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the main chain, an aromatic diol, an alicyclic diol, a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol, and those 2 to 4 alkylene oxide (average addition mole number 1 to 16) adduct, preferably bisphenol A alkylene oxide having 2 to 3 carbon atoms (average addition mole number 1 to 16). The following), more preferably at least one of polyoxypropylene-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxyethylene-2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, <1>-<17> The manufacturing method of the electrostatic image developing toner in any one of.
The softening point of <19> amorphous polyester (b) is preferably 70 ° C or higher, more preferably 80 ° C or higher, still more preferably 90 ° C or higher, still more preferably 95 ° C or higher, and preferably 165. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <18>, which is not higher than ° C, more preferably not higher than 140 ° C, still more preferably not higher than 130 ° C, still more preferably not higher than 120 ° C.
The glass transition temperature of <20> amorphous polyester (b) is preferably 50 ° C or higher, more preferably 55 ° C or higher, still more preferably 56 ° C or higher, and preferably 80 ° C or lower, more preferably 75. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <19>, which is not higher than 70C, more preferably not higher than 70C.

<21> The acid value of the amorphous polyester (b) is preferably 35 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 30 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 25 mgKOH / g or less, and preferably 5 mgKOH / g or more. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <20>, which is preferably 10 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 15 mgKOH / g or more.
<22> The resin particles (A) are colorant-containing resin particles, and the content of the colorant is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the resin particles (A). The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <21>, which is 5 parts by mass or more, and preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less.
<23> Resin particles (A) are prepared by dispersing the above-mentioned optional components such as a resin containing crystalline polyester (a), and optionally surfactants and colorants, in an aqueous medium. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <22>, which is produced by a method obtained as a dispersion of A).
<24> The content of water in the aqueous medium is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably substantially 100% by mass, and still more preferably. Is 100% by mass, The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <23>.
The dispersion of <25> resin particles (A) is obtained by a method in which an aqueous medium is gradually added to a resin containing the crystalline polyester (a) and subjected to phase inversion emulsification, described in <23> or <24>. A method for producing a toner for developing electrostatic images.

<26> In step (1), the release agent particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium and mixed with the resin particles (A) as a dispersion of the release agent particles. <1> to <25> A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image according to any one of the above.
<27> A dispersion of release agent particles is prepared by using a disperser and an aqueous medium at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the release agent in the presence of the resin particles (B), the surfactant, and the like. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <26>, obtained by dispersing.
<28> The polyester content in the resin constituting the resin particles (B) is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably substantially. <100> The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <27>, wherein the amount is 100% by mass, more preferably 100% by mass, and the polyester preferably contains an amorphous polyester.
The content of the amorphous polyester in the polyester in <29> resin particles (B) is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 95% by mass. % Or more, still more preferably substantially 100% by mass, and still more preferably 100% by mass, The method for producing an electrostatic charge image developing toner according to <28>.
<30> The resin particle (B) contains a compound having an oxazoline group, and the compound having an oxazoline group preferably contains a plurality of oxazoline groups in the molecule, more preferably a polymer containing an oxazoline group. 27> to <29>. A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image according to <29>.

<31> In the step (1), a dispersion of aggregated particles is obtained by a method of aggregating resin particles (A), release agent particles, and optional components such as an aggregating agent and a colorant in an aqueous medium to obtain aggregated particles. The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <30>.
<32> The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <31>, wherein the flocculant is an inorganic ammonium salt, preferably at least one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium nitrate, and more preferably ammonium sulfate. .
<33> In the step (2), the agglomerated particles obtained in the step (1) preferably have a holding temperature of 30 ° C. or less higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester (a), more preferably 15 ° C. higher than the melting point. In the following, any one of <1> to <32>, which is further preferably bonded at a temperature not higher than 10 ° C. above the melting point, more preferably not higher than 8 ° C. higher than the melting point, more preferably not higher than 5 ° C. lower than the melting point. A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image as described above.
<34> The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of <1> to <33>, wherein the pH during aggregation in the step (1) is 6.5 or more and 10.0 or less.

Each property value of polyester, resin particles, toner, etc. was measured and evaluated by the following method.

[Acid value of polyester]
It measured according to JIS K0070. However, the measurement solvent was a mixed solvent of acetone and toluene (acetone: toluene = 1: 1 (volume ratio)).

[Polyester softening point, crystallinity index, melting point and glass transition temperature]
(1) Softening point Using a flow tester “CFT-500D” (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), a 1 g sample was heated at a heating rate of 6 ° C./min, and a load of 1.96 MPa was applied by a plunger, and the diameter was 1 mm. And extruded from a 1 mm long nozzle. The amount of plunger drop of the flow tester was plotted against the temperature, and the temperature at which half of the sample flowed out was taken as the softening point.

(2) Crystallinity Index Using a differential scanning calorimeter “Q100” (manufactured by TA Instruments Japan), a sample cooled from room temperature (20 ° C.) to 0 ° C. at a temperature decreasing rate of 10 ° C./min. The sample was allowed to stand for 1 minute, and then heated to 180 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. Of the observed peaks, the peak temperature with the maximum peak area is defined as the endothermic maximum peak temperature (1), and the crystallinity by (softening point (° C)) / (maximum endothermic peak temperature (1) (° C)). The index was determined.

(3) Melting point and glass transition temperature Using a differential scanning calorimeter “Q100” (manufactured by TA Instruments Japan), the sample was heated to 200 ° C., and the temperature decreasing rate was 10 ° C./min. At 0 ° C. Next, the sample was heated at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min and measured to 200 ° C. Among the observed endothermic peaks, the temperature of the peak having the maximum peak area was defined as the maximum endothermic peak temperature. In the case of crystalline polyester, the peak temperature was taken as the melting point. Further, in the case of amorphous polyester, the glass transition temperature was defined as the intersection temperature between an extended line of the base line below the maximum peak temperature of endotherm and a tangent showing the maximum slope from the peak rising portion to the peak apex.

[Melting point of release agent]
Using a differential scanning calorimeter “Q100” (manufactured by TA Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.), the sample was heated to 200 ° C. and cooled to 0 ° C. at a temperature decrease rate of 10 ° C./min. The temperature was raised at 10 ° C./min, and the maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion was taken as the melting point.

[Volume Median Particle Size (D ₅₀ ) and Particle Size Distribution of Aggregated Particles]
The volume median particle size of the aggregated particles was measured as follows.
・ Measuring machine: "Coulter Multisizer III" (Beckman Coulter, Inc.)
・ Aperture diameter: 50μm
・ Analysis software: “Multisizer III version 3.51” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter)
・ Electrolyte: “Isoton II” (Beckman Coulter, Inc.)
Measurement conditions: 30,000 particles are measured after adjusting the particle size of 30,000 particles to a concentration that can be measured in 20 seconds by adding a sample dispersion containing aggregated particles to 100 mL of the electrolyte. From the particle size distribution, the volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) and the volume average particle size were determined.
Moreover, CV value (%) was calculated according to the following formula as particle size distribution.
CV value (%) = (standard deviation of particle size distribution / volume average particle size) × 100

[Volume Median Particle Size (D ₅₀ ) and Particle Size Distribution of Toner (Particles)]
The volume median particle size of the toner (particles) was measured as follows.
The measuring instrument, aperture diameter, analysis software, and electrolytic solution were the same as those used for measuring the volume median particle diameter of the aggregated particles.
Dispersion: Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether “Emulgen 109P” (manufactured by Kao Corporation, HLB: 13.6) was dissolved in the electrolytic solution to obtain a 5 mass% dispersion.
-Dispersion condition: 10 mg of a toner measurement sample is added to 5 mL of the dispersion, and dispersed for 1 minute with an ultrasonic disperser, and then 25 mL of electrolyte is added, and further dispersed for 1 minute with an ultrasonic disperser. A sample dispersion was prepared.
Measurement conditions: After adding the sample dispersion to 100 mL of the electrolyte solution, the particle size of 30,000 particles is adjusted to a concentration that can be measured in 20 seconds, and then 30,000 particles are measured. The volume-median particle size (D ₅₀ ) and the volume average particle size were determined from the distribution.
The CV value (%) was calculated according to the following formula.
CV value (%) = (standard deviation of particle size distribution / volume average particle size) × 100

[Volume Median Particle Size (D ₅₀ ) and Particle Size Distribution of Resin Particles, Release Agent Particles]
(1) Measuring apparatus: Laser diffraction particle size measuring instrument “LA-920” (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.)
(2) Measurement conditions: Distilled water was added to the measurement cell, and the volume-median particle size (D ₅₀ ) and the volume average particle size were measured at a concentration at which the absorbance was in an appropriate range. The CV value was calculated according to the following formula.
CV value (%) = (standard deviation of particle size distribution / volume average particle size) × 100

[Solid content concentration of resin particle dispersion and release agent particle dispersion]
Using an infrared moisture meter “FD-230” (manufactured by Kett Science Laboratory), 5 g of a measurement sample was dried at a temperature of 150 ° C. and in a measurement mode 96 (monitoring time 2.5 minutes / variation width 0.05%). Moisture (mass%) was measured. The solid content concentration was calculated according to the following formula.
Solid content concentration (% by mass) = 100-water content (% by mass)

[Minimum fixing temperature of toner]
Using a commercially available printer “Microline 5400” (Oki Data Co., Ltd.) on high quality paper “J paper A4 size” (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.), the toner adhesion amount on the paper is 0.42 to 0.48 mg / cm ^2. The solid image was output without fixing at a length of 50 mm, leaving a margin of 5 mm from the top edge of the A4 paper.
Next, the same printer with the temperature-variable fixing device prepared was prepared, the temperature of the fixing device was set to 90 ° C., and fixing was performed at a speed of 1.5 seconds per sheet in the A4 longitudinal direction, thereby obtaining a printed matter.
In the same manner, the temperature of the fixing device was increased by 5 ° C., and the fixing was performed to obtain a printed matter.
A 500 g weight is applied to the solid image from the top margin of the printed image and a solid image with a 50 mm long mending tape “Scotch Mending Tape 810” (18 mm wide by 3M). And reciprocally pressed at a speed of 10 mm / sec. Thereafter, the affixed tape was peeled off from the lower end side at a peeling angle of 180 degrees and at a speed of 10 mm / sec to obtain a printed matter after the tape was peeled off. 30 high-quality paper “Excellent White Paper A4 Size” (manufactured by Oki Data Co., Ltd.) is laid under the printed matter before and after the tape is applied, and the reflected image density of the fixed image portion before and after the tape is applied to each printed matter. Measurement was performed using a colorimeter “SpectroEye” (manufactured by GretagMacbeth, Inc., light emission condition: standard light source D50, observation field of view 2 °, density standard DINNB, absolute white standard), and the fixing ratio was calculated from the following formula.
Fixing rate (%) = (Reflected image density after peeling tape / Reflected image density before applying tape) × 100
The temperature at which the fixing rate was 90% or higher was defined as the minimum fixing temperature. The lower the minimum fixing temperature, the better the low temperature fixing property.

[Heat resistant storage stability of toner]
20 g of toner was put in a wide-mouthed polybin having an internal volume of 100 ml, sealed, and allowed to stand in an environment at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, it was allowed to stand for 12 hours or more while being sealed at a temperature of 25 ° C. and cooled. Next, a sieve of “powder tester” (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation) is set with a sieve having an opening of 250 μm, and 20 g of the toner is placed on it and shaken for 30 seconds to measure the amount of toner remaining on the sieve. The degree of aggregation was calculated from the following calculation formula. The smaller the value, the better the heat resistant storage stability of the toner.
Aggregation degree (%) = residual toner mass (g) / 20 g × 100

[Supernatant state after fusion]
Regarding the release of the release agent after fusing in the toner production process, the turbidity of the supernatant of the dispersion containing the fusing particles was confirmed.
In a sample obtained by taking 10 g of the fused particle dispersion in a test tube and treating it with a centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 1 minute, the state of the supernatant was visually observed and evaluated according to the following criteria. When the supernatant liquid becomes cloudy, it indicates that the release agent is released from the fused particles. The smaller the turbidity of the supernatant liquid, the more the release agent is taken into the fused particles, and the better the toner releasability and low-temperature fixability.
A: The supernatant liquid is transparent. B: The supernatant liquid is slightly cloudy. C: The supernatant liquid is cloudy.

[PH of aqueous solution]
Using a pH meter “SevenGo pH meter SG2” (manufactured by METTLER TOLEDO), the mixed solution or aqueous solution was sufficiently stirred, and then the pH after being held at 25 ° C. for 3 minutes was measured.

[Amount of toner on paper]
The evaluation toner was output without fixing a solid image having a size of 40 mm × 40 mm on a high-quality paper “J paper A4 size” (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) using a commercially available printer “Microline 5400” (Oki Data Co., Ltd.).
Next, the mass of the output product is measured, and the mass of the toner output on the paper surface is obtained by calculating the difference from the mass of the high quality paper before the toner output, which has been measured in advance. It was set as the adhesion amount.

[Image density of printed matter]
A solid image having a size of 40 mm × 40 mm was printed on the high-quality paper “J paper A4 size” (Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) using a commercially available printer “Microline 5400” (Oki Data Co., Ltd.) under normal output conditions.
Next, 30 sheets of high-quality paper “Excellent White Paper A4 Size” (Oki Data Co., Ltd.) are laid under the printed material, and the reflected image density of the fixed image portion of each printed material is measured by a colorimeter “SpectroEye” (manufactured by GretagMacbeth, Radiation conditions: standard light source D50, observation field of view 2 °, density standard DINNB, absolute white standard).
The larger the amount of adhesion on the paper and the higher the image density, the better the toner developability.

[Production of polyester]
Production Example 1
(Production of crystalline polyester A)
The inside of a four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introducing tube, a dehydrating tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple was purged with nitrogen, and 5050 g of 1,12-dodecanediol as an alcohol component and 2950 g of succinic acid as an acid component were added. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 135 ° C., maintained at 135 ° C. for 3 hours, and then heated from 135 ° C. to 200 ° C. over 10 hours. Thereafter, 16 g of di (2-ethylhexanoic acid) tin was added, and the mixture was further maintained at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the pressure in the flask was lowered and maintained at 8.3 kPa for 1 hour to obtain crystalline polyester A. . The physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Production Example 2
(Production of crystalline polyester B)
The inside of a four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, a dehydration tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple was purged with nitrogen, and 3,840 g of 1,9-nonanediol as an alcohol component and 4848 g of sebacic acid as an acid component were added. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C., maintained at 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and then heated from 140 ° C. to 200 ° C. over 10 hours. Thereafter, 43 g of di (2-ethylhexanoic acid) tin was added, and the mixture was further maintained at 200 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, the pressure in the flask was lowered and maintained at 8.3 kPa for 4 hours to obtain crystalline polyester B. . The physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Production Example 3
(Production of crystalline polyester C)
The inside of a four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, a dehydration tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple was purged with nitrogen, and 2832 g of 1,6-hexanediol as an alcohol component and 4848 g of sebacic acid as an acid component were added. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C., maintained at 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and then heated from 140 ° C. to 200 ° C. over 10 hours. Thereafter, 43 g of di (2-ethylhexanoic acid) tin was added, and the mixture was further maintained at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the pressure in the flask was lowered and maintained at 8.3 kPa for 4 hours to obtain crystalline polyester C. . The physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Production Example 4
(Production of crystalline polyester D)
The inside of a four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, a dehydration tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple was purged with nitrogen, and 5012 g of 1,12-dodecanediol as an alcohol component and 2642 g of succinic acid as an acid component were added. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C., maintained at 140 ° C. for 3 hours, and then heated from 140 ° C. to 200 ° C. over 10 hours. Thereafter, 40 g of di (2-ethylhexanoic acid) tin was added, and the mixture was further maintained at 200 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, 334 g of trimellitic anhydride was added, and further maintained at 200 ° C. for 2 hours. Was maintained at 8.3 kPa for 4 hours to obtain crystalline polyester D. The physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Production Example 5
(Production of amorphous polyester E)
The inside of a four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, a dehydration tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple was replaced with nitrogen, and polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) as an alcohol component 6160 g of propane, 2125 g of fumaric acid as an acid component, and 4 g of tert-butylcatechol were added, the temperature was raised to 210 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the softening point measured at 210 ° C. according to ASTM D36-86 was 105 ° C. When it reached, it was cooled to obtain amorphous polyester E. The physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Production Example 6
(Production of amorphous polyester F)
The inside of a four-necked flask equipped with a nitrogen introduction tube, a dehydration tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple was replaced with nitrogen, and polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) as an alcohol component In a nitrogen atmosphere, 5670 g of propane, 585 g of polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2450 g of terephthalic acid and 44 g of di (2-ethylhexanoic acid) tin are added as acid components. While stirring, the temperature was raised to 235 ° C. and maintained for 5 hours, and then the pressure in the flask was further lowered and maintained at 8.0 kPa for 1 hour. After returning to atmospheric pressure, the mixture was cooled to 190 ° C., 42 g of fumaric acid and 207 g of trimellitic anhydride were added, maintained at 190 ° C. for 2 hours, and then heated to 210 ° C. over 2 hours. Further, the pressure in the flask was lowered and maintained at 8.0 kPa for 4 hours to obtain amorphous polyester F. The physical properties are shown in Table 1.

[Production of resin particle dispersion]
Production Example 7
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-1)
In a 2-liter stainless steel kettle, 498 g of crystalline polyester A, 102 g of amorphous polyester E, 45 g of copper phthalocyanine pigment “ECB-301” (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.), anionic surfactant “Neopelex G-15 80.0 g of a 15% by weight sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution manufactured by Kao Corporation, a nonionic surfactant “Emulgen 430” (manufactured by Kao Corporation, polyoxyethylene (26 mol) oleyl ether, HLB: 16.2) 12.0 g, 40.4 g of a 20 mass% potassium carbonate aqueous solution and 130 g of deionized water were mixed, and the mixture was heated to 90 ° C. with stirring at 1.2 m / s with a chi-type stirrer. The mixture was kept at 90 ° C. for 2 hours under stirring at 1.2 m / s with a Kai-type stirrer to obtain a neutralized resin.
Next, 1206 g of deionized water was added dropwise at 90 ° C. with stirring of 1.2 m / s with a Kai-type stirrer to obtain an emulsion. Next, the obtained emulsion was cooled to 25 ° C. and passed through a 200 mesh (mesh: 105 μm) wire mesh to obtain a resin particle dispersion A-1. The volume-average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the resin particles in the obtained resin particle dispersion A-1 was 132 nm, the CV value was 26%, and the solid content concentration was 32% by mass.

Production Example 8
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-2)
In Production Example 7, a resin particle dispersion A-2 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7 except that the crystalline polyester A used was changed to crystalline polyester B. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 9
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-3)
Resin particle dispersion A-3 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7, except that the crystalline polyester A used was changed to crystalline polyester C in Production Example 7. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 10
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-4)
A resin particle dispersion A-4 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7, except that the crystalline polyester A used was changed to crystalline polyester D in Production Example 7. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 11
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-5)
In Production Example 7, resin particle dispersion liquid was prepared in the same manner as in Production Example 7, except that 498 g of crystalline polyester A and 102 g of amorphous polyester E were changed to 456 g of crystalline polyester A and 144 g of amorphous polyester E, respectively. A-5 was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 12
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-6)
Resin particle dispersion in the same manner as in Production Example 7, except that 498 g of crystalline polyester A and 102 g of amorphous polyester E used in Production Example 7 were changed to 390 g of crystalline polyester A and 210 g of amorphous polyester E, respectively. A-6 was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 13
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-7)
In Production Example 7, the resin particle dispersion A-7 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7, except that 498 g of the crystalline polyester A used was changed to 600 g, and 210 g of amorphous polyester E was not used. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 14
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-8)
In Production Example 7, 498 g of crystalline polyester A and 102 g of amorphous polyester E used were changed to 210 g of crystalline polyester A and 390 g of amorphous polyester E, respectively. Resin particle dispersion A-8 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7 except that the weight was changed to 262 g of a mass% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and 130 g of deionized water was not used. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 15
(Production of resin particle dispersion A-9)
In Production Example 7, 210 g of amorphous polyester E to be used was changed to 600 g without using crystalline polyester A, and 40.4 g of 20 mass% potassium carbonate aqueous solution was changed to 258 g of 5 mass% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. Then, resin particle dispersion A-9 was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 7 except that 130 g of deionized water was not used. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

Production Example 16
(Production of resin particle dispersion B-1)
In a 2 liter stainless steel kettle, amorphous polyester F 600 g, anionic surfactant “Neopelex G-15” (Kao Co., Ltd., 15 mass% sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution) 40.0 g, nonionic interface Activator “Emulgen 430” (manufactured by Kao Corporation, polyoxyethylene (26 mol) oleyl ether, HLB: 16.2) 6.0 g and 5 mass% potassium carbonate aqueous solution 233 g were mixed, and 1. The mixture was heated to 95 ° C. with stirring at 2 m / s. The mixture was kept at 95 ° C. for 2 hours under stirring at 1.2 m / s with a Kai-type stirrer to obtain a resin neutralized product.
Next, 1145 g of deionized water was added dropwise at 95 ° C. with stirring of 1.2 m / s with a Kai-type stirrer to obtain an emulsion. Next, the obtained emulsion was cooled to 25 ° C. and passed through a 200-mesh (mesh: 105 μm) wire mesh to obtain a resin particle dispersion B-1. The physical properties are shown in Table 2.

[Production of release agent particle dispersion]
Production Example 17
(Production of release agent particle dispersion W-1)
In a 1-liter beaker, 200 g of deionized water, 5 g of carnauba wax “Carnauba Wax No. 1” (manufactured by Hiroyuki Kato, melting point 83 ° C.) and paraffin wax “HNP-9” (manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting point 75 45 g) was added, melted while maintaining the temperature at 90 to 95 ° C., and stirred to obtain a molten mixture in which carnauba wax and paraffin wax were melted together. Next, 1.7 g of an oxazoline group-containing polymer aqueous solution “Epocross WS-700” (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., nonvolatile content 25 mass%, acrylic main chain, number average molecular weight 20000) was added, and the temperature was maintained at 90 to 95 ° C. However, the dispersion treatment was performed for 15 minutes using an ultrasonic homogenizer “US-600T” (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho). 14 g of the resin particle dispersion B-1 was added thereto, and the mixture was subjected to a dispersion treatment for 15 minutes using an ultrasonic homogenizer, and then cooled to room temperature. Ion exchange water was added to adjust the solid content concentration to 20% by mass to obtain a release agent particle dispersion W-1. The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the release agent particles in the release agent particle dispersion W-1 was 499 nm, and the CV value was 35%.

Production Example 18
(Production of release agent particle dispersion W-2)
In a 1 liter beaker, 3.8 g of a sodium acrylate-sodium maleate copolymer aqueous solution “Poise 521” (manufactured by Kao Corporation, effective concentration 40% by mass) is dissolved in 200 g of deionized water as a sodium polycarboxylate aqueous solution. After that, 5 g of carnauba wax “Carnauba wax No. 1” (manufactured by Kato Hiroyuki, melting point 83 ° C.) and paraffin wax “HNP-9” (manufactured by Nippon Seiwa Co., Ltd., melting point 75 ° C.) 45 g were added, While maintaining the temperature at 90 to 95 ° C., the mixture was melted and stirred to obtain a molten mixture in which carnauba wax and paraffin wax were fused together.
The obtained aqueous solution containing the molten mixture was further subjected to a dispersion treatment for 30 minutes with an ultrasonic homogenizer “US-600T” (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho) while maintaining the temperature at 90 to 95 ° C., and then cooled to room temperature. And ion-exchange water was added here and it adjusted to mold release agent solid content 20 mass%, and the mold release agent particle dispersion W-2 was obtained. The volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the release agent particles in the release agent particle dispersion W-2 was 450 nm, and the CV value was 30%.

[Production of toner]
Example 1
(Preparation of Toner 1)
(Process (1))
300 g of resin particle dispersion A-1, 75 g of deionized water, and 36 g of release agent particle dispersion W-1 were placed in a 4-liter 2-liter flask equipped with a dehydrating tube, a stirrer, and a thermocouple, and mixed at 25 ° C. . Next, an aqueous solution (flocculating agent aqueous solution A) prepared by dissolving 29.5 g of ammonium sulfate in 293 g of deionized water was added dropwise to the mixture at 25 ° C. over 30 minutes while stirring with a Kai-type stirrer. Next, the obtained mixed solution was heated to 70 ° C. and held at 70 ° C. to form aggregated particles (1) having a volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of 3.5 μm.
Subsequently, after the mixed solution containing the aggregated particles (1) was cooled to 25 ° C., an aqueous solution (aggregating agent aqueous solution B) in which 4.1 g of ammonium sulfate was dissolved in 12 g of deionized water was dropped over 15 minutes. Next, this mixed solution was heated to 70 ° C. and held at 70 ° C. to obtain an aggregated particle (2) dispersion having a volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of 5.2 μm.
(Process (2))
An aqueous solution obtained by diluting 10.8 g of sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate “Emal E-27C” (manufactured by Kao Corporation, solid content: 28 mass%) with 856 g of deionized water was added to the obtained aggregated particle (2) dispersion. After the addition, the dispersion which has been lowered to 40 ° C. by the addition of this aqueous solution is heated to 80 ° C. over 1.5 hours to obtain fused particles having a volume median particle size (D ₅₀ ) of 5.1 μm. It was. At this time, the cooling was started at the same time as the temperature of the dispersion reached 80 ° C., and cooled to room temperature (25 ° C.). The time for which the melting point of the crystalline polyester A was 79 ° C. or higher was 2.5 minutes, and the time for which the temperature was 5 ° C. lower than the melting point was 14 minutes.
The obtained fused particles were subjected to a filtration step for solid-liquid separation, a drying step, and a washing step to obtain toner particles. With respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particles, 2.5 parts of hydrophobic silica “RY50” (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., number average particle size 0.04 μm), hydrophobic silica “Cabo Seal TS720” (manufactured by Cabot, number average particles) 1.0 part of diameter 0.012 μm) and 0.8 part of organic fine particles “Finesphere P2000” (manufactured by Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., number average particle diameter 0.5 μm) were externally added with a Henschel mixer, and a 150 mesh sieve was obtained. The fine particles that passed through were used as cyan toner.
Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained toner.

Examples 2-8 and Comparative Examples 1-3
(Production of toners 2 to 11)
In Example 1, the resin particle dispersion A-1 and the release agent particle dispersion W-1 are changed to the resin particle dispersion and the release agent particle dispersion shown in Table 3, and the fusion is performed in the step (2). The same as in Example 1 except that the maximum reached temperature, the time that was 5 ° C. lower than the melting point of the crystalline polyester, and the time that was higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester were changed as shown in Table 3. Toners 2 to 11 were obtained. Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the toner.

From Table 3, it can be seen that the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image of the example is superior in both low temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability as compared with the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image of the comparative example.

Example 1a
In step (1) of Example 1, the pH after adding the flocculant aqueous solution A and the flocculent aqueous solution A to the mixture of resin particles and flocculent particles was measured, and the toner adhesion amount and image density on the paper surface were further measured. Evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 4.

Example 9a
(Preparation of Toner 12)
Toner 12 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that in Step (1) of Example 1, a solution adjusted to pH 8.5 by adding ammonia water to flocculant aqueous solution A was dropped over 15 minutes. Got. Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the toner.

Example 10a
(Preparation of Toner 13)
In step (1) of Example 1, before dropping the flocculant aqueous solution A, 25% ammonia water was added to the mixture of the resin particle dispersion and the release agent particle dispersion to adjust the pH to 8.5. A toner 13 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the toner.

  From Table 4, the electrostatic image developing toners of Examples 9 and 10 obtained by controlling the pH in the step (1) are those for developing the electrostatic image of Example 1 obtained without controlling the pH. It can be seen that the toner adhesion amount and the image density on the paper surface are improved and the developability of the toner is superior to that of the toner.

  The electrostatic image developing toner obtained by the production method of the present invention is excellent in both low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant storage stability, and therefore can be suitably used as a toner used in electrophotography. According to the method of the present invention, a toner having such characteristics can be produced efficiently.

Claims (10)

Step (1): a step of aggregating the resin particles (A) containing crystalline polyester and the release agent particles in an aqueous medium to obtain a dispersion of aggregated particles; and
Step (2): A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising the step of fusing the aggregated particles obtained in Step (1) at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester to obtain toner particles.
The content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is 50% by mass or more,
In the step (2), the time which is not less than the melting point of the crystalline polyester is not less than 10 seconds and not more than 30 minutes.
A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 1, wherein the resin particles (A) containing the crystalline polyester further contain an amorphous polyester.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the crystalline polyester in the resin constituting the resin particles (A) is 75% by mass or more.   The release agent particles are release agent particles obtained by mixing and emulsifying and dispersing a release agent and resin particles (B) having a volume median particle size of 20 nm to 500 nm. A method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic image according to any one of the above.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the resin particles (A) have a volume-median particle size of 50 nm to 500 nm.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature during aggregation in the step (1) is not higher than the melting point of the crystalline polyester.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step (2), the time which is at least 5 ° C lower than the melting point of the crystalline polyester is 20 seconds to 45 minutes. .   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the flocculant is added in a plurality of times.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 1, wherein the resin particles (A) further contain a colorant.   The method for producing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a pH at the time of aggregation in the step (1) is 6.5 or more and 10.0 or less.