JP2014137018A - Vibration response monitoring device, rotary machine, and vibration response monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the detection accuracy of moving blade vibration amount, and to further accurately monitor vibration response.SOLUTION: A vibration response monitoring device includes: a sensor portion equipped with a plurality of sensors having an emitting portion for emitting detection light in a direction orthogonal to a rotation shaft toward a rotor in which a plurality of moving blades are attached to the rotation shaft, and a light-receiving portion for receiving reflection light which is the detection light reflected by the moving blades; and a vibration response monitoring portion detecting the vibration amount of the moving blades on the basis of an output value of the light-receiving portion, determining whether the detected vibration amount exceeds a blade vibration limit value previously decided according to a relative positional relationship between the sensor portion and the moving blade, and monitoring the vibration response of the moving blade.

Description

The present invention relates to a vibration response monitoring device, a rotating machine, and a vibration response monitoring method.

  There is a blade vibration measuring method for measuring blade vibration generated in a moving blade of a turbine rotor using a non-contact sensor and a blade vibration monitoring system using the blade vibration measuring method (for example, see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent No. 3530474

  However, during turbine operation, the rotor and the passenger compartment are deformed due to thermal expansion and the like. The relative positional relationship between the non-contact sensor and the rotor blades of the turbine rotor changes due to the influence of the thermal elongation and the like. Due to this positional shift, there has been a problem that vibration cannot be detected accurately or the vibration amplitude of the moving blade cannot be evaluated accurately. For this reason, there has been a problem that the vibration response of the moving blade cannot be accurately grasped.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has improved vibration blade vibration amount detection accuracy and more accurately monitored vibration response, rotating machine, and vibration response monitoring method. The purpose is to provide.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a vibration response monitoring apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is orthogonal to the rotation axis toward a rotor in which a plurality of moving blades are attached to the rotation axis. A sensor unit including a plurality of sensors each having an emission unit that emits detection light in a direction and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light reflected by the moving blade of the detection light; and an output of the moving blade based on the output of the light receiving unit The amount of vibration is detected, and it is determined whether the detected amount of vibration exceeds a blade vibration limit value determined in advance according to the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the blade. A vibration response monitoring unit that monitors the vibration response of the.
Accordingly, the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment monitors the vibration response of the moving blade based on the blade vibration limit value determined in advance according to the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade. Can do. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the vibration amplitude (that is, the vibration amount) of the moving blade is improved, and a more accurate vibration response can be monitored.

The vibration response monitoring apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is based on the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade when the blade vibration limit value is determined based on the output of the light receiving unit. And a positional deviation determination unit that determines whether or not a positional deviation has occurred between the sensor unit and the moving blade.
Thereby, the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment can detect a positional shift of the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade, and which position of the moving blade the sensor unit detects. Can be determined. Therefore, the vibration response of the moving blade can be monitored based on the blade vibration limit value corresponding to the positional relationship between the sensor and the moving blade after the positional deviation.

Further, in the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, when the positional deviation determination unit determines that the positional deviation has occurred, the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade after the positional deviation is obtained. A corresponding blade vibration limit value is set.
Thereby, the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment can correct the blade vibration limit value according to the positional deviation. Therefore, even if the relative positional relationship between the sensor and the moving blade changes due to the effects of thermal expansion, etc., it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the vibration amount of the moving blade and monitor the vibration response more accurately. it can.

In the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention, an initial value indicating a relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade is set based on an output of the light receiving unit when the rotor rotates at a low speed. When the positional deviation from the initial value is greater than or equal to a threshold value based on the output of the light receiving unit during operation of rotating at a rated rotational speed by increasing the rotational speed from that at the low speed, the sensor unit and the moving blade It is determined that there is a positional deviation between
Thereby, the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment can detect a positional deviation between the sensor unit and the rotor blades due to deformation due to thermal expansion of the rotor due to high-speed rotation.

  In the vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the aspect of the present invention, when the vibration response monitoring unit determines that the detected vibration amount exceeds the blade vibration limit value, the operation stop of the rotor is notified. And a notification unit.

  Moreover, this invention was made | formed in order to solve the subject mentioned above, The rotating machine by 1 aspect of this invention is equipped with the said rotor and any one vibration response monitoring apparatus among the above-mentioned.

  In addition, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and a vibration response monitoring method according to an aspect of the present invention is directed to a rotor in which a plurality of moving blades are attached to a rotating shaft. A sensor unit including a plurality of sensors each having an emission unit that emits detection light in an orthogonal direction and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light reflected by the moving blades, and a positional deviation determination unit, and vibration response monitoring A vibration response monitoring method in a vibration response monitoring apparatus comprising a unit, wherein the positional deviation determination unit detects a relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade based on an output of the light receiving unit, and the vibration The response monitoring unit detects the vibration amount of the moving blade based on the output value of the light receiving unit, and the detected vibration amount is a relative value between the sensor unit and the moving blade detected by the positional deviation determination unit. In positional relationship Flip and monitoring the determined blade vibration response whether exceeds the wing oscillation limit value determined in advance.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the blade vibration amount and monitor the vibration response more accurately.

It is a figure which shows an example of the gas turbine which can apply the vibration response monitoring apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is the schematic which shows an example of the sensor part which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the positional relationship of the sensor part which concerns on this embodiment, and a turbine rotor. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the vibration response monitoring apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an example of the vibration detection method which concerns on this embodiment. It is a reference figure for explaining an example of a wing passage static test concerning this embodiment. It is a reference figure showing an example of an acquisition step of sensor arrangement information concerning this embodiment. It is a reference figure showing an example of blade passage pulse data etc. at the time of low speed operation of the turbine rotor concerning this embodiment. It is a reference figure showing an example of blade passage pulse data etc. at the time of operation at the rated number of rotations of the turbine rotor concerning this embodiment. It is a reference figure for explaining an example of position shift detection processing concerning this embodiment. It is a reference figure for explaining an example of a vibration mode concerning this embodiment. It is a reference figure for explaining an example of position gap concerning this embodiment.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, embodiments of a vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
First, an example of a gas turbine 1 (rotary machine) including a vibration response monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the gas turbine 1 includes an air compressor 2 that compresses outside air to generate compressed air, and a combustor 3 that mixes and burns compressed air with fuel gas to generate high-temperature combustion gas. And a turbine 4 driven by combustion gas.

The air compressor 2 has a compressor rotor 5 and a compressor casing 6 that rotatably covers the compressor rotor 5.
The combustor 3 receives a fuel gas and compressed air from the air compressor 2 and ejects them, and the fuel gas and compressed air are injected from the fuel supplier 7 to burn the fuel gas. And a combustion cylinder 8 forming a region.
The turbine 4 includes a turbine rotor 9 (rotor) that is rotated by combustion gas, and a turbine casing 10 that rotatably covers the turbine rotor 9. The turbine rotor 9 includes a rotating shaft 9a and a plurality of rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Attached to the rotating shaft 9a. A plurality of stationary blades 11 provided alternately with a plurality of moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Are attached to the inner surface of the turbine casing 10. The compressor rotor 5 of the air compressor 2 is connected to the turbine rotor 9 via the rotation shaft 9 a and rotates integrally with the turbine rotor 9. In addition, a sensor unit 20 for detecting vibration of the turbine rotor 9 is attached to the turbine casing 10. The sensor unit 20 is installed at a position facing the rotor blades of the turbine rotor 9, and is embedded so as to be exposed on the inner surface of the turbine casing 10.

Next, an example of the sensor unit 20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the sensor unit 20.
The sensor unit 20 can use an optical sensor, a capacitance sensor, an eddy current sensor, or the like. The sensor unit 20 includes, for example, an upstream sensor 201, a center sensor 202, and a downstream sensor 203. The upstream side sensor 201, the center sensor 202, and the downstream side sensor 203 are, for example, optical sensors, and each receive an emission part 2a that emits sensor light (detection light) and reflected light of the sensor light. And a light receiving unit 2b.

Next, an example of the positional relationship between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A is a view of the turbine rotor 9 as viewed from the rotation axis direction X of the turbine rotor 9. FIG. 3B is a view of the turbine rotor 9 as viewed from the same direction as FIG. 1, and is an enlarged view of a portion where the moving blades of the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 are close to each other.
As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the sensor unit 20 is configured such that the optical axis of sensor light from the emitting units 2 a of the sensors 201 to 203 (dotted line portion in the figure) is the rotational axis of the turbine rotor 9. It is provided at a position orthogonal to the direction X. In the present embodiment, the direction of the optical axis of the sensor light is hereinafter referred to as an optical axis direction Z. In other words, the sensor unit 20 is installed outside the turbine rotor 9 in the radial direction at a position where the sensor light from the emission units 2 a of the sensors 201 to 203 faces the turbine rotor 9.
Further, the turbine rotor 9 includes a plurality of strip-shaped moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3. One end (base) of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Is fixed to the rotating shaft 9a. As a result, the other ends (tips) of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Pass through a position facing the sensor unit 20 by the rotation of the turbine rotor 9.

Next, the configuration of the vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4, the vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 includes a sensor unit 20, a control unit 101, a storage unit 102, and a notification unit 103. The control unit 101 includes a position deviation determination unit 111 and a vibration response monitoring unit 112.
The position deviation determination unit 111 blocks the sensor light of each of the sensors 201 to 203 based on the output of the light receiving unit 2b of each of the sensors 201 to 203 of the sensor unit 20, and moves the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,.・ Acquire blade passing pulse data obtained by passing sensor light. This blade passing pulse data indicates the passage time of the sensor unit 20 of each moving blade Y1, Y2, Y3. The positional deviation determination unit 111 determines whether or not a relative positional deviation between the sensor unit 20 and the turbine rotor 9 has occurred based on the acquired blade passage pulse data.

  The vibration response monitoring unit 112 detects the vibration amount of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 from the blade passing pulse data obtained from the sensor unit 20. The vibration response monitoring unit 112 compares the detected vibration amount with the blade vibration limit value, and determines whether or not the detected vibration amount of the moving blade is a level of vibration that may damage the moving blade. . If the vibration amount of the moving blade is less than the blade vibration limit value, the rotating machine can be safely operated. For this reason, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 determines to continue the operation of the rotating machine. On the other hand, if the vibration amount of the moving blade is greater than or equal to the blade limit value, the moving blade may be damaged. Therefore, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 may issue a command to stop the turbine rotor 9 or the vibration amount of the moving blade. Outputs a notification that the vibration limit value has been exceeded. The vibration response monitoring unit 112 notifies the notification unit 103 of, for example, a command to stop the turbine rotor 9 or that the vibration amount of the moving blade has exceeded the blade vibration limit value. The vibration response monitoring unit 112 is not limited to this. For example, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 outputs a command to stop the turbine rotor 9 to the control unit that controls the operation of the turbine rotor 9 to stop the operation of the turbine rotor 9. Also good. The blade vibration limit value is information indicating a limit value of a vibration amount that may damage the moving blade when the moving blade further vibrates. This blade vibration limit value can be arbitrarily set according to the size and material of the turbine.

The storage unit 102 includes a scanning position information table 121, a sensor arrangement information storage area 122, an initial value storage area 123, a reference pattern storage area 124, and a blade vibration limit value storage area 125.
The notification unit 103 performs notification according to the command value input from the vibration response monitoring unit 112. The notification unit 103 is, for example, a speaker, a light emitting device, a display, or the like, and notifies the stop of the turbine rotor 9 by sound, light, text, or video.

  Next, an example of a vibration response monitoring method in the vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a vibration response monitoring method according to the present embodiment. 6 to 10 are reference diagrams for explaining each process of the vibration response monitoring method.

(Step ST1)
First, the positional deviation determination unit 111 executes a blade passing static test. In this blade passing static test, for example, the position of the sensor unit 20 facing the turbine rotor 9 is changed along the rotational axis direction X of the turbine rotor 9, and sensor light from the sensor unit 20 is sent to the turbine rotor 9. This is a test to scan and acquire blade passing pulse data. In this blade passing static test, one central sensor is experimentally tested while simulating the positional relationship between the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... And the sensor unit 20 when the turbine rotor 9 is rotated. One of the moving blades Y1 may be irradiated with sensor light from the emitting unit 2a of 202. The light receiving unit 2b receives reflected light from the moving blade of the sensor light, and acquires blade passing pulse data indicating reflected light from the moving blade Y1 when the turbine rotor 9 is rotated. In the blade passing static test, the turbine rotor 9 is rotated with the sensor unit 20 positioned at a plurality of scanning positions, and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,. It may be a test to irradiate.
The position deviation determination unit 111 calculates the blade thickness (or pulse width) of the moving blade at each scanning position based on the blade passing pulse data indicated by the reflected light from the moving blade Y1 of the turbine rotor 9, and calculates the calculated plate thickness ( Alternatively, the pulse width) and the scanning position are associated with each other and written in the scanning position information table.

  Here, with reference to FIG. 6, an example of the blade passing static test by the positional deviation determination unit 111 will be specifically described. FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the sensor light and the moving blade Y1 when the sensor light of the central sensor 202 is emitted to the tip of the moving blade Y1. In the present embodiment, the central sensor 202 irradiates the moving blade Y1 with the sensor light at the scanning positions S1 to S22 determined by the relative positional relationship with the moving blade Y1. The scanning positions S <b> 1 to S <b> 22 are, for example, sensor light scanning positions set at a plurality of equal intervals in the rotational axis direction X of the turbine rotor 9. In the present embodiment, the scanning position S1 is a scanning position set on the upstream side of the tip of the moving blade Y1, and the scanning position S22 is a scanning position set on the downstream side of the tip of the moving blade Y1. The upstream side and the downstream side mean the direction of gas flow that passes through the turbine rotor 9.

When the sensor light of the central sensor 202 located at the operation positions S1 to S22 scans the moving blade Y1 that simulates rotational movement, the light receiving unit 2b of the central sensor 202 receives blade passing pulse data based on the received reflected light. It outputs to the positional deviation determination part 111. An example of the pulse waveform indicated by the blade passing pulse data is shown in FIG. FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a pulse waveform based on the sensor light of the central sensor 202 located at the scanning positions S1, S6, S12, S18, and S22.
As shown in FIG. 6B, the pulse width indicated by each blade passing pulse data differs depending on the scanning position. In the present embodiment, as shown in the figure, the pulse width of the blade passing pulse data based on the sensor light of the central sensor 202 located at the scanning positions S1, S6, S12, S18, S22 is represented by pulse widths ΔT1, ΔT2, ΔT3, ΔT4. Let ΔT5. The position misalignment determination unit 111 moves in the scanning positions S1 to S22 based on the rotational speed V of the turbine rotor 9 set in a pseudo manner and the pulse widths ΔT1, ΔT2, ΔT3, ΔT4, and ΔT5 indicated by the blade passing pulse data. Calculate the blade thickness. The positional deviation determination unit 111 calculates the blade thicknesses H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 of the moving blades at the scanning positions S1, S6, S12, S18, and S22, for example, according to the following arithmetic expressions (1) to (5). calculate. Then, the positional deviation determining unit 111 writes the calculated blade thicknesses H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 of the moving blades in the scanning position information table 121 in association with the scanning positions. Here, for simplification of explanation, an example of the scanning positions S1, S6, S12, S18, and S22 has been described. However, the positional deviation determination unit 111 calculates plate thicknesses corresponding to all the scanning positions S1 to S22. Then, it is written in the scanning position information table 121.

H1 = V × ΔT1 (1)
H2 = V × ΔT2 (2)
H3 = V × ΔT3 (3)
H4 = V × ΔT4 (4)
H5 = V × ΔT5 Formula (5)

Note that the present invention is not limited to this, and the positional deviation determination unit 111 is based on the design drawings of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,..., And has plate thicknesses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 corresponding to each scanning position. May be calculated and written in the scanning position information table 121 in association with each scanning position.
In this embodiment, the position deviation determination unit 111 has described the example in which the calculated blade thickness is written in the scanning position information table 121 in association with the scanning position. However, the present invention is not limited to this. . For example, the position deviation determination unit 111 associates the pulse widths ΔT1, ΔT2, ΔT3, ΔT4, and ΔT5 indicated by the blade passing pulse data with the scanning positions S1, S6, S12, S18, and S22, respectively, and scan position information table 121. It may be written in.

(Step ST2)
Next, the positional deviation determination unit 111 acquires sensor arrangement information. This sensor arrangement information is information indicating the intervals between a plurality of sensors included in the sensor unit 20.
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the sensor unit 20 taken along a plane including the optical axis of the sensor light. As illustrated, the sensor unit 20 includes an upstream sensor 201, a center sensor 202, and a downstream sensor 203. The positional relationship among the upstream sensor 201, the central sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 is determined, and the interval between the optical axis of the upstream sensor 201 and the optical axis of the central sensor 202 is a sensor interval α. The distance between the optical axis of the central sensor 202 and the optical axis of the downstream sensor 203 is a sensor distance β. The upstream sensor 201, the center sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 emit sensor lights L1, L2, and L3, respectively.

FIG. 7B shows a scanning line when sensor lights L1 to L3 from the upstream sensor 201, the center sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 are irradiated to the tips of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3. It is a figure which shows an example. As shown in the figure, the distance between the scanning line of the sensor light L1 of the upstream sensor 201 and the scanning line of the sensor light L2 of the central sensor 202 is α, and the scanning line of the sensor light L2 of the central sensor 202 and the downstream sensor 203 The interval between the sensor light L3 and the scanning line is β.
The positional deviation determination unit 111 acquires the sensor intervals α and β as sensor arrangement information and stores them in the sensor arrangement information storage area 122 of the storage unit 102.

(Step ST3)
Then, the positional deviation determination unit 111 acquires the blade passage pulse output when the turbine rotor 9 is operated at a low speed.
As shown in FIG. 8B, the blade passing pulse data is acquired from each of the sensors 201 to 203 of the sensor unit 20. The blade passage pulse data based on the output of the upstream sensor 201 is referred to as blade passage pulse data D11. The blade passage pulse data based on the output of the central sensor 202 is referred to as blade passage pulse data D12. The blade passage pulse data based on the output of the downstream sensor 203 is referred to as blade passage pulse data D13. In the graph shown in FIG. 8B, the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the output of each of the sensors 201-203.
As shown in the drawing, in the blade passing pulse data D11 to D13, the output = 0 of the light receiving unit 2b of each sensor 201 to 203 indicates that there is no reflected light from each sensor 201 to 203, and the light receiving unit 2b of each sensor. Output = 1 indicates that there was reflected light from each of the sensors 201-203. That is, the blade passing pulse data D11 to D13 are reflected light from the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Passing through the upstream sensor 201, the central sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 by the low speed operation of the turbine rotor 9. Indicates.
The positional deviation determination unit 111 determines the relative positional relationship of the sensors 201 to 203 of the sensor unit 20 with respect to the turbine rotor 9 based on the acquired blade passage pulse data D11 to D13.

The processing content of the positional deviation determination unit 111 in the determination of the positional relationship will be specifically described.
First, the misalignment determining unit 111 determines the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... From the time length when the reflected light from the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3.・ Calculate the plate thickness. For example, the positional deviation determining unit 111 calculates a pulse width ΔT11 that is the time length of the average reflected light of each moving blade from the blade passing pulse data D11 acquired by the low-speed rotation of the turbine rotor 9. In addition, the positional deviation determination unit 111 calculates a pulse width ΔT12 that is the time length of the average reflected light of each moving blade from the blade passing pulse data D12 acquired by the low-speed rotation of the turbine rotor 9. The positional deviation determination unit 111 calculates a pulse width ΔT13 that is the time length of the average reflected light of each moving blade from the blade passing pulse data D13 acquired by the low-speed rotation of the turbine rotor 9. Then, based on the calculated pulse widths ΔT11 to ΔT13, the positional deviation determination unit 111 calculates the blade thickness of the moving blade indicated by the reflected light from the sensors 201 to 203 according to the above-described formulas (6) to (8). . The rotation speed V <b> 10 is the rotation speed of the turbine rotor 9 when the turbine rotor 9 rotates at a low speed.

H11 = V10 × ΔT11 (6)
H12 = V10 × ΔT12 (7)
H13 = V10 × ΔT13 (8)

(Step ST4)
Then, the positional deviation determination unit 111 collates the pulse width acquired in step ST1 with the pulse width indicated by the blade passing pulse data D11 to D13 acquired in step ST3, and determines the scanning position of each sensor 201 to 203. judge. In the present embodiment, the positional deviation determination unit 111 refers to the scanning position information table 121 and corresponds to the blade thickness calculated in step ST3 among the blade thicknesses calculated in step ST1. The scanning position is detected. That is, the positional deviation determination unit 111 is the same as or determined to match the blade thickness calculated in step ST3 among the blade thicknesses of the moving blade in the scanning position information table 121. It is determined that the scanning position associated with the matching including the error is the scanning position corresponding to each of the sensors 201 to 203. Note that the present invention is not limited to this, and when the pulse width is associated with the scanning position in the scanning position information table 121, the pulse width calculated in step ST3 among the pulse widths of the scanning position information table 121 It is determined that the scanning position corresponding to the sensor 201 to 203 corresponds to the scanning position corresponding to the matching including the error that is determined to be the same or matching. May be.

  Then, the positional deviation determination unit 111 sets the scanning position corresponding to the plate thickness indicated by the blade passing pulse data D11 to the initial value of the scanning position of the upstream sensor 201. Further, the position deviation determination unit 111 sets the scanning position corresponding to the plate thickness indicated by the blade passing pulse data D12 as the initial value of the scanning position of the central sensor 202. The positional deviation determination unit 111 sets the scanning position corresponding to the plate thickness indicated by the blade passing pulse data D13 to the initial value of the scanning position of the downstream sensor 203. The position deviation determination unit 111 writes the initial values of the set scanning positions of the upstream sensor 201, the central sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 in the initial value storage area 123 of the storage unit 102. Note that the initial value may be any information as long as it is a value indicating the scanning positions S1 to S22 shown in FIG. For example, as shown to Fig.8 (a), in the rotating shaft direction X of the moving blade Y1 of the turbine rotor 9, you may show by the distance from the edge part of the most upstream side. In this case, the scanning position of the upstream sensor 201 is a position a distance a from the outer edge point of the moving blade cross section, and the scanning position of the center sensor 202 is a position b of the distance b from the outer edge point of the moving blade cross section. Thus, the scanning position of the downstream sensor 203 is a position at a distance c from the outer edge point of the moving blade sectional view.

  Further, the positional deviation determination unit 111 writes the blade passing pulse data D11 to D13, which is the original data for which the initial value has been calculated, into the reference pattern storage area 124 of the storage unit 102 as a reference pattern. The blade passing pulse data D11 to D13 are information indicating the appearance position of the reflected light from the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... By the time length from the reference point T0, as shown in FIG. , Information indicating the pulse widths ΔT11 to ΔT13 of the reflected light from the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3.

(Step ST5)
Then, the positional deviation determination unit 111 acquires blade passing pulse data during operation at the rated rotational speed. In the present embodiment, the misalignment determination unit 111 includes blade passing pulse data D21 based on the output of the upstream sensor 201, blade passing pulse data D22 based on the output of the central sensor 202, and blades based on the output of the downstream sensor 203. Passing pulse data D23 is acquired. An example of the blade passing pulse data D21 to D23 is shown in FIG. In this case, the blade thickness is H21 to H23 as shown in FIG.

  For example, the positional deviation determination unit 111 uses the average reflected light time length of each rotor blade from the blade passage pulse data D21 to 23 acquired by operating the turbine rotor 9 at a high speed (or rated speed). A certain pulse width ΔT21 to ΔT23 can be calculated. Then, based on the calculated pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23, the positional deviation determination unit 111 calculates the blade thickness of the moving blade indicated by the reflected light from each of the sensors 201 to 203 according to the above formulas (9) to (11). be able to. The rotational speed V20 is the rotational speed of the turbine rotor 9 during operation at a high speed (or rated speed).

H21 = V20 × ΔT21 (9)
H22 = V20 × ΔT22 Formula (10)
H23 = V20 × ΔT23 (11)

(Step ST6)
And the position shift determination part 111 determines the position shift of the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor part 20 based on the initial value of the scanning position of each sensor 201-203. In the present embodiment, the position deviation determination unit 111 reads the blade thickness of the moving blade corresponding to the scanning position stored in the initial value storage area 123 of the storage unit 102 from the scanning position information table 121. The positional deviation determination unit 111 indicates the blade thicknesses H11 to H13 of the moving blades corresponding to the read sensors 201 to 203 and the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23 of the blade passing pulse data D21 to D23 detected in step ST5. The blade thicknesses H21 to H23 of the moving blade are collated. The blade thicknesses H11 to H13 corresponding to the initial values of the upstream sensor 201, the center sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203, and the blade thicknesses H21 to H23 indicated by the pulse widths of the blade passing pulse data D21 to D23. Is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, the positional deviation determination unit 111 determines that a positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 has occurred. On the other hand, when this difference is less than a predetermined threshold value, the positional deviation determination unit 111 determines that the positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 has not occurred.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to this, and the positional deviation determination unit 111 detects the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23 of the blade passage pulse data D21 to D23 detected in step ST5 and the blade passage pulse data D11 detected in the low speed operation. The pulse widths ΔT11 to ΔT13 of .about.D13 may be collated. When the difference between the pulse widths ΔT11 to ΔT13 and the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the positional deviation determination unit 111 has a positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20. Is determined. On the other hand, when this difference is less than a predetermined threshold value, the positional deviation determination unit 111 determines that the positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 has not occurred.

  During operation at the high speed (or rated speed) of the turbine, the rotor and the passenger compartment are deformed due to thermal expansion and the like. And the relative positional relationship of the sensors 201-203 and the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3. Therefore, the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23 of the blade passing pulse data measured by the sensors 201 to 203 also change. The position deviation determination unit 111 estimates which position of the moving blade each sensor 201 to 203 passes, that is, the scanning position of each sensor 201 to 203 in order to correct such a position deviation. That is, the positional deviation determination unit 111 moves, for example, the scanning position of each of the sensors 201 to 203 to the upstream side of the gas flow due to the change in the plate thickness H21 to H23 of the moving blade measured by each of the sensors 201 to 203. Or whether it has moved downstream.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a positional deviation between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blade Y1 of the turbine rotor 9. In FIG. FIG. 10A shows an example of the positional relationship between the moving blade Y1 before the displacement (before movement) and the scanning position, and the positional relationship between the moving blade Y1 after the displacement (after movement) and the scanning position. . FIG. 10B shows a part of the blade passing pulse data based on the reflected light of the sensors 201 to 203 before the positional deviation (before movement) and the reflected light of the sensors 201 to 203 after the positional deviation (after movement). A part of blade passing pulse data based on is shown.
In FIG. 10A, the blade thicknesses calculated based on the reflected light of the sensors 201 to 203 before the positional deviation are plate thicknesses H11 to H13 which are initial values. In FIG. 10B, the plate thicknesses of the moving blades calculated based on the reflected lights of the sensors 201 to 203 after the positional deviation are plate thicknesses H21 to H23. Specifically, the plate thickness of the upstream sensor 201 is H11 and H21, the plate thickness of the central sensor 202 is H12 and H22, and the plate thickness of the downstream sensor 203 is H13 and H23.

In FIG. 10B, pulse widths ΔT11 to ΔT13 are a part of the blade passing pulse data D11 to 13 based on the reflected light of the sensors 201 to 203 before the positional deviation, and the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23 are the positions. A part of the blade passing pulse data D21 to D23 based on the reflected light of the sensors 201 to 203 after deviation is shown. Specifically, the pulse widths ΔT11 and ΔT21 corresponding to the reflected light of the upstream sensor 201 and the pulse widths ΔT12 and ΔT22 corresponding to the reflected light of the center sensor 202 correspond to the reflected light of the downstream sensor 203. The pulse widths are ΔT13 and ΔT23.
In addition, as shown in FIG.7 (b), when the sensor part 20 moves to the downstream side, H of each sensor 201-203 will become a decreasing tendency.

(Step ST7)
When the positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 due to the rated rotational speed operation is detected, the positional deviation determination unit 111 changes the blade vibration limit value of the storage unit 102.
For example, the positional deviation determination unit 111 estimates the scanning position of the sensor unit 20 after the positional deviation based on the plate thicknesses H21 to H23 of the moving blades after the positional deviation or the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23. The positional deviation determination unit 111 refers to the scanning position information table 121 and the sensor arrangement information storage area 122 of the storage unit 102 and sets the sensor intervals α and β of the upstream sensor 201, the central sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203. Based on this, the scanning positions indicated by the plate thicknesses H21 to H23 or the pulse widths ΔT21 to ΔT23 of the moving blade after the positional deviation are estimated.
Then, the positional deviation determination unit 111 acquires a blade vibration limit value corresponding to the estimated scanning position, and writes it in the blade vibration limit value storage area 125 of the storage unit 102. The blade vibration limit value is determined in advance according to the scanning position of the sensor unit 20 corresponding to the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... And stored in the storage unit 102. This blade vibration limit value is a value obtained from an analysis by a previous vibration experiment.
Even if the positional deviation determination unit 111 does not detect the positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 due to the rated rotational speed operation, the blade vibration limit value is still set in the blade vibration limit value storage area 125. If not, a blade vibration limit value corresponding to the initial value stored in the initial value storage area 123 is set.

(Step ST8)
Further, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 detects the vibration amount of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 based on the blade passing pulse data indicated by the output of the sensor unit 20. For example, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 displays vibration responses (vibration, vibration frequency, vibration mode, etc.) of the blade passing pulse data D31 to D33 acquired by the upstream sensor 201, the central sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203, respectively. analyse. A value indicating the degree of the vibration response is referred to as a vibration amount. The vibration response monitoring unit 112, the upstream sensor 201, the center sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 analyze the blade passing pulse data D11, thereby statically moving the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,. It is possible to analyze and evaluate deformation and vibration modes of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3.

(Step ST9)
Then, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 determines whether or not the detected vibration amount of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Exceeds the blade vibration limit value, and monitors the vibration response of the moving blades. For example, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 compares the blade vibration limit value set in step ST7 with the vibration amounts of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Detected in step ST8. Specifically, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 reads the blade vibration limit value from the blade vibration limit value storage area 125 and determines whether or not the detected vibration amount exceeds the blade vibration limit value. When at least one of the vibration amounts of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... Exceeds the blade vibration limit value, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 determines that the instruction to stop the turbine rotor 9 or the vibration amount of the moving blades. The notification unit 103 notifies that the blade vibration limit value has been exceeded.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to this, and the vibration response monitoring unit 112, from the reference pattern storage area 124 of the storage unit 102, the reference pattern corresponding to the initial value and the blade passage pulse data D21 to 23 detected in step ST5. May be compared for each of the sensors 201-203. When the time length at which the pulse waveform appears from the reference point T0 and each pulse width exceeds the range defined in the blade vibration limit value, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 gives a command to stop the turbine rotor 9, etc. The notification unit 103 notifies the user. The blade vibration limit value is determined with respect to the reference pattern which is an initial value, and the vibration amount when determining whether or not the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 may be damaged. The limit value of is included.

Further, the present invention is not limited to this, and when a positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 due to the rated rotational speed operation is detected, in step ST7, the positional deviation determination unit 111 performs the blade passing pulse data after the positional deviation. The reference pattern storage area 124 may be overwritten with D21 to D23. In this case, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 compares the reference pattern read from the reference pattern storage area 124 with the blade passage pulse data acquired in step ST5, and if the difference exceeds the blade vibration limit value, A command or the like for stopping the turbine rotor 9 may be notified from the notification unit 103.
Further, when the positional deviation between the turbine rotor 9 and the sensor unit 20 due to the rated rotational speed operation is detected, in step ST7, the positional deviation determination unit 111 detects the pulse width ΔT21 indicated by the blade passing pulse data D21 to D23 after the positional deviation. To 23 or the plate thicknesses H21 to H23 may be overwritten in the initial value storage area 123. In this case, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 reads the pulse width ΔT21 to 23 or plate thickness H21 to H23 read from the initial value storage area 123, and the pulse width or plate thickness corresponding to the blade passing pulse data acquired in step ST5. If the difference exceeds the blade vibration limit value, a command to stop the turbine rotor 9 or the like may be notified from the notification unit 103.

Next, an example of a vibration mode of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vibration mode according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating an example of the vibration mode 1. In the vibration mode 1, as shown in the figure, the positions of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... Of the turbine rotor 9 move in the rotation direction R orthogonal to the rotation axis direction X (that is, the gas flow direction) of the turbine rotor 9. An example will be shown. In this case, the appearance position of the pulse width of the blade passing pulse data detected in step ST5 is shifted. That is, the time length from the reference point T0 (for example, shown in FIG. 6B) to each pulse width changes.

FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an example of the vibration mode 2. As shown in the drawing, the vibration mode 2 is performed by rotating the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... The downstream end is moving. On the other hand, the upstream ends of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 are moved backward in the rotation direction R.
FIG. 11C is a diagram illustrating an example of the vibration mode 3. As shown in the figure, the vibration mode 3 is configured so that the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... The downstream end is moving. On the other hand, the upstream end of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 hardly moves.
In the vibration modes 2 and 3 shown in FIGS. 11B and 11C, the time length from the reference point T0 (for example, shown in FIG. 6B) to each pulse width becomes shorter or longer. To do. The pulse width also changes.

The vibration response monitoring unit 112 comprehensively analyzes the amount of change in time length from the reference point T0 to each pulse width and the amount of change in pulse width, thereby moving the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3. It is possible to determine which of the vibration modes 1 to 3 corresponds to this vibration.
The present invention is not limited to these vibration modes 1 to 3.

Next, with reference to FIG. 12, an example of a positional deviation at the time of operation by rated rotation (at high speed operation) will be described. FIG. 12A shows the positions of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 before misalignment (during low speed operation) and the rotor blade Y1 of the turbine rotor 9 after misalignment (during high speed operation). , Y2, Y3... As shown in the drawing, upstream ends of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... Of the turbine rotor 9 in front of the rotation direction R orthogonal to the rotation axis direction X (that is, the gas flow direction) of the turbine rotor 9. Is moving. On the other hand, the downstream ends of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 hardly move.
FIG. 12B shows blade passing pulse data D11 to D13 before positional deviation (during low speed operation) and blade passing pulse data D41 to D43 after positional deviation (during high speed operation). As shown in FIG. 12B, the appearance timing of the pulse waveform is shifted. That is, the time length from the reference point T0 to the pulse waveform changes.
The position deviation determination unit 111 can detect a position deviation based on such a change in time length from the reference point T0 to the pulse waveform. The positional deviation determination unit 111 may be configured to input a reference pulse indicating the reference point T0 from the rotation control unit 113, for example. The rotation control unit 113 may output a reference pulse to the position deviation determination unit 111 when passing through a predetermined position of the turbine rotor 9.
In addition, the vibration response monitoring unit 112 receives the light receiving units of the upstream sensor 201, the central sensor 202, and the downstream sensor 203 based on the change in the time length from the reference point T0 to the pulse waveform and the change in the pulse width. By comprehensively analyzing the output value from 2b, the vibration modes of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Can also be analyzed and evaluated.

The vibration amplitudes of the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Depending on the vibration mode and the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3. It depends on. If the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... (The rotor blade tips) of the turbine rotor 9 is not known, it is detailed which position of the blade tip is being measured. Since information could not be obtained, vibration detection accuracy was poor. As a result, there is a problem that it is difficult to evaluate the life due to blade vibration.
For example, the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... (The rotor blade tips) of the turbine rotor 9 may change due to thermal deformation or centrifugal force depending on the operating conditions. is expected. Further, even in the same vibration mode, if the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,. Although the blade vibration limit value has been exceeded, there is a risk of erroneous determination that the blade limit value has not been exceeded.
The vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment confirms the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3. And the vibration of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... Can be determined based on the blade vibration limit value determined in advance according to the confirmed positional relationship. Thus, the vibration response of the moving blade can be monitored based on the blade vibration limit value determined in advance according to the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the vibration amount of the moving blade is improved, and the vibration response can be monitored more accurately.

  Moreover, the vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment can detect a positional shift in the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3. Therefore, even if the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit 20 and the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... And the relative positional relationship between the rotor blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Of the turbine rotor 9 can be detected. Therefore, the vibrations of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Can be determined based on the positional relationship after the positional deviation. Further, it is possible to determine which position of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3,... Thereby, the vibration response of the moving blade can be monitored using the blade vibration limit value corresponding to the positional relationship between the sensor and the moving blade after the positional deviation.

  Further, when the pulse width of the blade passing pulse data of the optical sensors of the upstream sensor 201 and the downstream sensor 203 is substantially equal to the plate thickness of the moving blade, the upstream sensor 201, if the width of the blade passing pulse data is obtained, It is possible to evaluate which position of the moving blades Y1, Y2, Y3... Is measured by the central sensor 202 and the downstream sensor 203, and it is possible to evaluate the correct blade vibration response level.

  In addition, it is possible to appropriately replace the components in the above-described embodiments with known components without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the vibration response monitoring apparatus 100 according to the present invention may have a configuration included in the gas turbine 1. Further, only the sensor unit 20 is attached to the gas turbine 1 and includes a receiving unit that receives information indicating the detection result of the sensor unit 20, a control unit 101, a storage unit 102, and a notification unit 103. Alternatively, the vibration response monitoring device may be configured.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas turbine 2 Air compressor 3 Combustor 4 Turbine 5 Compressor rotor 6 Compressor casing 7 Fuel supply device 8 Combustion cylinder 9 Turbine rotor 10 Turbine casing 100 Vibration response monitoring apparatus 101 Control unit 102 Storage unit 111 Position shift judgment unit 112 Vibration response monitoring unit 113 Rotation control unit 121 Scanning position information table 122 Sensor arrangement information storage area 123 Initial value storage area 124 Reference pattern storage area 125 Blade vibration limit value storage area

Claims (7)

A light emitting unit that emits detection light in a direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft toward a rotor in which a plurality of blades are attached to the rotation shaft, and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light reflected by the movement blade. A sensor unit comprising a plurality of sensors having
Based on the output of the light receiving unit, the amount of vibration of the moving blade is detected, and the detected amount of vibration is a blade vibration limit value determined in advance according to the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade. A vibration response monitoring unit that determines whether or not it exceeds and monitors a vibration response of the moving blade;
A vibration response monitoring apparatus comprising: Based on the output of the light receiving unit, the positional deviation between the sensor unit and the moving blade with respect to the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade when the blade vibration limit value is determined. The vibration response monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a position deviation determination unit that determines whether or not the error has occurred. The positional deviation determination unit
3. The blade vibration limit value according to claim 2, wherein when it is determined that a positional shift has occurred, the blade vibration limit value is set in accordance with a relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade after the positional shift. Vibration response monitoring device. The positional deviation determination unit
Based on the output of the light receiving unit during low-speed rotation of the rotor, an initial value indicating a relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the rotor blade is set, and the rated rotation is increased by increasing the number of rotations than during the low-speed rotation. Based on the output of the light receiving unit during operation rotating by a number, when the positional deviation from the initial value is greater than or equal to a threshold value, it is determined that there is a positional deviation between the sensor unit and the moving blade. The vibration response monitoring apparatus according to claim 2 or 3.   The said vibration response monitoring part is further provided with the alerting | reporting part which alert | reports the stop of the operation | movement of the said rotor, when it determines with the said detected vibration amount exceeding the said blade vibration limit value. To 4. The vibration response monitoring apparatus according to any one of 4 to 4. The rotor;
A rotary machine comprising the vibration response monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A light emitting unit that emits detection light in a direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft toward a rotor in which a plurality of blades are attached to the rotation shaft, and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light reflected by the movement blade. A vibration response monitoring method in a vibration response monitoring device including a sensor unit including a plurality of sensors, a positional deviation determination unit, and a vibration response monitoring unit,
Position misalignment determination unit
Based on the output of the light receiving unit, the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade is detected,
The vibration response monitoring unit includes:
Based on the output value of the light receiving unit, the amount of vibration of the moving blade is detected, and the detected amount of vibration depends on the relative positional relationship between the sensor unit and the moving blade detected by the positional deviation determining unit. A vibration response monitoring method comprising: determining whether a predetermined blade vibration limit value is exceeded or not and monitoring a blade vibration response.

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