JP2014018196A - Carbon dioxide gas application control device and carbon dioxide gas application control method of sunlight type greenhouse - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide gas application control device and carbon dioxide gas application control method of sunlight type greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は設定気温によって天窓開口や壁面換気扇稼動を行い、ハウス内の気温上昇抑制を行う太陽光型のハウスにあって炭酸ガスの施用タイミング、施用位置、施用量を制御することで栽培作物の繁茂部分に炭酸ガスを適正に施用する炭酸ガス施用制御装置と施用制御方法に関する。 The present invention is a solar type house that operates a skylight opening and wall ventilation fan according to the set temperature and suppresses temperature rise in the house, and controls the application timing, application position, and application rate of carbon dioxide gas to control the cultivation crops. The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide gas application control device and an application control method for properly applying carbon dioxide gas to an overgrown portion.
太陽光型のハウスにおいて、換気手段を調整してハウス内の気温を調整すると共にハウス内の炭酸ガス濃度の基準濃度を換気手段の調整により補正して炭酸ガス供給のムダを減少させる方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。 In a solar-type house, a method to reduce the waste of carbon dioxide supply by adjusting the ventilation means to adjust the air temperature in the house and correcting the standard concentration of carbon dioxide gas concentration in the house by adjusting the ventilation means is proposed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、特許文献1の方法はハウス全体に炭酸ガスを施用する方法であり、葉の無い部分への施用ロスがあり、炭酸ガスの効率的な施用方法ではなかった。 However, the method of
本発明は上記の実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的はハウス内の気温調整のために天窓を開口し上部から空気を入れ替えて気温を下げる方法と、壁面換気扇で側面より空気を排気することにより気温を下げる方法に合わせ、炭酸ガスの施用タイミングと施用位置と施用量を調整することで任意の時間帯に繁茂部分に適正量の炭酸ガスを施用し、空気入れ替え時の炭酸ガスの流出や葉の無い部位への流出をできるだけ抑制する炭酸ガス施用制御装置を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to open a skylight to adjust the temperature in the house and replace the air from the top to lower the temperature, and exhaust air from the side with a wall ventilation fan. By adjusting the carbon dioxide application timing, application position and application amount according to the method of lowering the temperature, the appropriate amount of carbon dioxide gas can be applied to the overgrowth part at any time, and the carbon dioxide gas at the time of air replacement An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide gas application control device that suppresses as much as possible outflow and outflow to a site without leaves.
上記課題を解決するため本発明の炭酸ガス施用制御装置は、炭酸ガスボンベや炭酸ガス貯蔵タンクに接続された流量計付き圧力調整器の後の配管を2系列に分岐させ、それぞれに施用量を調整するための流量計付きニードルバルブAと流量計付きニードルバルブBを接続後、電磁弁C及び電磁弁Dを接続し、タイマーと炭酸ガス濃度計測定値による電磁弁の開閉制御をシーケンサーやリレーによって行い、タイマー設定した施用時間帯内でかつ炭酸ガス濃度が設定下限濃度以下の場合は電磁弁を開にし、タイマー設定した施用時間帯外または設定上限濃度以上となった場合は電磁弁を閉にすることにより炭酸ガスを施用し、電磁弁Cからの炭酸ガス施用部は棚ごとに栽培作物を定植した栽培ベッドの繁茂部分の下である根元部分全体から炭酸ガスを施用するように設置し、電磁弁Dからの炭酸ガス施用部は棚ごとに栽培作物の棚を挟んで壁面換気扇と逆となる棚の端部分の栽培ベッドの根元付近から繁茂部分である頂点部までとし、適宜間隔を置いて栽培ベッドの中間部の根元付近から繁茂部分である頂点部までにも設置し、壁面換気扇によりハウス内の空気が横に流れるときに繁茂部分全部に炭酸ガスが施用できるように設置する。電磁弁Cの制御はガス吸引口付きの炭酸ガス濃度計Eで実施し、ガス吸引口は設置された栽培植物の棚の列のほぼ真ん中となる列の栽培植物の棚の中央部付近の栽培作物の繁茂部分が途切れる頂点部分に設置する。電磁弁Dの制御は炭酸ガス濃度計Fで実施し壁面換気扇側で栽培植物の棚の列のほぼ中央部となる栽培作物の棚で棚の端部分で壁面換気扇の前となる場所に設置する。また天窓の開閉や壁面換気扇の稼働有無に合わせ、電磁弁Cおよび電磁弁Dの開閉の制御をシーケンサーやリレーにより行う。 In order to solve the above problems, the carbon dioxide application controller of the present invention branches the piping after the pressure regulator with a flow meter connected to a carbon dioxide cylinder or a carbon dioxide storage tank into two lines, and adjusts the application amount to each After connecting the needle valve A with a flow meter and the needle valve B with a flow meter, the solenoid valve C and the solenoid valve D are connected, and the open / close control of the solenoid valve by the timer and carbon dioxide concentration meter measurement value is performed by a sequencer or relay The solenoid valve is opened when the carbon dioxide gas concentration is below the set lower limit concentration within the application time zone set by the timer, and closed when outside the timer set application time range or above the set upper limit concentration. Carbon dioxide gas is applied, and the carbon dioxide gas application part from the solenoid valve C is carbonated from the whole root part under the growing part of the cultivation bed where the cultivated crops are planted every shelf. The carbon dioxide gas application part from the solenoid valve D is a prosperous part from the base of the cultivation bed at the end of the shelf that is opposite to the wall ventilation fan across the shelf of the cultivation crop for each shelf. Install up to the apex, and at appropriate intervals from the base of the middle part of the cultivation bed to the apex, which is the overgrowth part. When the air in the house flows sideways by the wall ventilator, carbon dioxide gas is added to the overgrowth part. Install so that can be applied. The solenoid valve C is controlled by a carbon dioxide concentration meter E with a gas suction port. The gas suction port is cultivated near the center of the cultivated plant shelf in the middle of the row of cultivated plant shelves installed. It is installed at the apex where the overgrown part of the crop is interrupted. The solenoid valve D is controlled by the carbon dioxide gas concentration meter F and installed on the wall ventilator side at the end of the shelf in front of the wall ventilator at the shelf of the cultivated crop that is almost the center of the row of cultivated plant shelves. . The sequencer and relay control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve C and the solenoid valve D in accordance with the opening and closing of the skylight and the operation of the wall ventilation fan.
タイマーで決定された時間帯となり壁面換気扇が稼働しない状態で天窓が閉じた状態で、炭酸ガス濃度計Eのガス吸引口部分の炭酸ガス濃度が設定下限濃度以下となったことを検知するとシーケンサーやリレーの制御により電磁弁Cが開き炭酸ガスが施用され、天窓が開口した場合や炭酸ガス施用が続き設定上限濃度以上となった場合や曇天や雨天により光合成による吸収よりも炭酸ガス供給が過剰となり設定上限濃度以上となった場合を検知するとシーケンサーやリレーの制御により電磁弁Cを閉じる。この開閉を繰り返すことにより、所定時間帯では天窓が開口した場合の空気の入れ替えによる炭酸ガス流出を抑制し、栽培作物の繁茂部分の炭酸ガス濃度が一定濃度範囲となり葉の無い部分への炭酸ガスの流出を抑制することができる。ハウス内の気温がより上昇し壁面換気扇が稼働しハウス内の空気を壁面から排気する状態となるとシーケンサーやリレーの制御により電磁弁Cが閉じ、この状態で炭酸ガス濃度計Fの炭酸ガス濃度が設定下限濃度以下となったことを検知するとシーケンサーやリレーの制御により電磁弁Dが開き炭酸ガスが施用され、炭酸ガス施用が続き設定上限濃度以上となった場合や曇天や雨天により光合成による吸収よりも炭酸ガス供給が過剰となり設定上限濃度以上となった場合を検知するとシーケンサーやリレーの制御により電磁弁Dを閉じる。この開閉を繰り返すことにより、壁面換気扇稼働時でも所定時間帯での栽培作物の繁茂部分の炭酸ガス濃度が一定濃度範囲となり、葉の無い部分への炭酸ガスの流出を抑制することができる。 When the time zone determined by the timer is reached and the wall ventilator is not in operation and the skylight is closed, the CO2 gas concentration at the gas suction port of the CO2 concentration meter E is detected to be below the set lower limit concentration. When the solenoid valve C is opened by the relay control and carbon dioxide gas is applied, the skylight is opened, or when carbon dioxide gas application continues and the concentration exceeds the set upper limit, or the cloudy and rainy weather causes the carbon dioxide gas supply to exceed the absorption by photosynthesis. When a case where the concentration exceeds the set upper limit concentration is detected, the solenoid valve C is closed by control of a sequencer or a relay. By repeating this opening and closing, carbon dioxide gas outflow due to air exchange when the skylight opens in a predetermined time zone is suppressed, and the carbon dioxide gas concentration in the overgrown part of the cultivated crop becomes a constant concentration range and carbon dioxide gas to the part without leaves Can be suppressed. When the temperature in the house rises and the wall ventilator is activated and the air in the house is exhausted from the wall, the solenoid valve C is closed by the control of the sequencer and relay, and in this state the carbon dioxide concentration of the carbon dioxide concentration meter F is When it is detected that the concentration is lower than the set lower limit concentration, the solenoid valve D is opened by the control of the sequencer or relay, and carbon dioxide gas is applied. If the carbon dioxide supply is excessive and the concentration exceeds the set upper limit concentration, the solenoid valve D is closed by control of the sequencer or relay. By repeating this opening and closing, the carbon dioxide concentration in the overgrown portion of the cultivated crop in the predetermined time zone becomes a certain concentration range even when the wall ventilation fan is operating, and the outflow of the carbon dioxide gas to the portion having no leaf can be suppressed.
また本施用装置に照度計を付けて設定した照度より低い場合に炭酸ガスを施用しないような制御を設けることにより曇天や雨天時に炭酸ガスを施用しないようにすることもできる。 In addition, it is possible to prevent carbon dioxide gas from being applied during cloudy or rainy weather by providing a control so that carbon dioxide gas is not applied when the illuminance meter is lower than the illuminance set by attaching an illuminometer to the application apparatus.
またシーケンサーの制御プログラムを変更して天窓の開閉による電磁弁Cの開閉制御を中止し、天窓開口時も電磁弁Cから炭酸ガスを施用できるようにすることもできる。 Further, the control program of the sequencer can be changed to stop the opening / closing control of the solenoid valve C by opening / closing the skylight so that carbon dioxide gas can be applied from the solenoid valve C even when the skylight is open.
本発明に係る炭酸ガスの施用制御装置によれば、設定気温によって天窓開口や壁面換気扇稼動を行い、ハウス内の気温上昇抑制を行う太陽光型のハウスでも、任意の時間帯に炭酸ガスの施用タイミング、施用位置、施用量を制御することで栽培作物の繁茂部分に炭酸ガスを適正量施用し、天窓開口による空気入れ替えの炭酸ガスの流出と葉の無い部位への炭酸ガス流出を抑制することができる。 According to the carbon dioxide gas application control device according to the present invention, the application of carbon dioxide gas at any time zone is possible even in a solar-type house that operates a skylight opening or wall ventilation fan according to the set temperature and suppresses temperature rise in the house. By controlling the timing, application position, and application rate, carbon dioxide gas is applied in an appropriate amount to the overgrown portion of the cultivated crop, and carbon dioxide outflow due to air exchange through the skylight opening and carbon dioxide outflow to areas without leaves are suppressed. Can do.
以下、本発明の形態を図1および図2に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
図1および図2は天窓と壁面換気扇を有するトマトの密植・養液栽培のハウスと炭酸ガス施用制御装置であり、栽培ベッド1上にトマト2が定植されている。炭酸ガスボンベ3に接続された流量計付き圧力調整器4の後の配管を2系列に分岐させ、それぞれの施用量を調整するための流量計付きニードルバルブA5と流量計付きニードルバルブB6に接続後、ガス吸引口7付きの炭酸ガス濃度計E8と炭酸ガス濃度計F9に接続したタイマー付きシーケンサー10で制御される電磁弁C11及び電磁弁D12が接続され、電磁弁C11からの炭酸ガス配管G13を棚ごとの栽培ベッド1上のトマト2の根元に設置した炭酸ガス施用チューブH14の両端に接続し、トマト2の棚の列のほぼ真ん中となる列のトマト2の棚の中央部付近の葉の頂点部分に炭酸ガス濃度計E8のガス吸引口7を設置する。また電磁弁D12からの炭酸ガス配管I15を棚ごとにトマト2の棚を挟んで壁面換気扇16と逆となる棚の端部分の栽培ベッド1のトマト2の根元付近から頂点部まで設置した炭酸ガス施用チューブJ17の両端に接続し、適宜間隔を置いた栽培ベッドの中間部の根元付近から頂点部まで設置した炭酸ガス施用チューブJ17の両端にも接続し、炭酸ガス濃度計F9を壁面換気扇16側でトマト2の棚の列のほぼ中央部となるトマト2の棚で棚の端部分で壁面換気扇16の前となる場所に設置する。また天窓18の開閉や壁面換気扇16の稼働有無の信号をタイマー付きシーケンサー10で検知できるようにする。 FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a tomato dense planting and hydroponics house and a carbon dioxide application control device having a skylight and a wall ventilation fan. A tomato 2 is planted on a
タイマーで決定された時間帯となり壁面換気扇16が稼働しない状態で天窓18が閉じた状態で炭酸ガス濃度計E8のガス吸引口7部分の炭酸ガス濃度が設定下限濃度以下となったことを検知するとタイマー付きシーケンサー10の制御により電磁弁C11が開き炭酸ガスが施用され、天窓が開口した場合や炭酸ガス施用が続き設定上限濃度以上となった場合や曇天や雨天により光合成による吸収よりも炭酸ガス供給が過剰となり設定上限濃度以上となった場合を検知するとタイマー付きシーケンサー10の制御により電磁弁C11を閉じる。この開閉を繰り返すことにより、所定時間帯では天窓が開口した場合の空気の入れ替えによる炭酸ガス流出を抑制し、トマト2の繁茂部分の炭酸ガス濃度が一定濃度範囲となり葉の無い部分への炭酸ガスの流出を抑制することができる。ハウス内の気温がより上昇し壁面換気扇16が稼働しハウス内の空気を壁面から排気する状態となるとタイマー付きシーケンサー10の制御により電磁弁C11が閉じ、この状態で炭酸ガス濃度計F9の炭酸ガス濃度が設定下限濃度以下となったことを検知するとタイマー付きシーケンサー10の制御により電磁弁D12が開き炭酸ガスが施用され、炭酸ガス施用が続き設定上限濃度以上となった場合や曇天や雨天により光合成による吸収よりも炭酸ガス供給が過剰となり設定上限濃度以上となった場合を検知するとタイマー付きシーケンサー10の制御により電磁弁D12を閉じる。この開閉を繰り返すことにより、所定時間帯では壁面換気扇16稼働時でもトマト2の繁茂部分の炭酸ガス濃度が一定濃度範囲となり、葉の無い部分への炭酸ガスの流出を抑制することができる。 When it is detected that the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas suction port 7 portion of the carbon dioxide concentration meter E8 is below the set lower limit concentration with the
本炭酸ガス施用制御装置では省略したが、シーケンサーにタイマーのほかに照度計を付けて設定した照度より低い場合に炭酸ガスを流れないようにすることにより、曇天や雨天時に炭酸ガスを施用しないようにすることもできる。 Although omitted in this CO2 application control device, CO2 is not applied when it is cloudy or rainy by preventing CO2 from flowing when the illuminance meter is set in addition to the timer and the illuminance is lower than the set illuminance. It can also be.
1 栽培ベッド
2 トマト
3 炭酸ガスボンベ
4 流量計付き圧力調整器
5 流量計付きニードルバルブA
6 流量計付きニードルバルブB
7 ガス吸引口
8 炭酸ガス濃度計E
9 炭酸ガス濃度計F
10 タイマー付きシーケンサー
11 電磁弁C
12 電磁弁D
13 炭酸ガス配管G
14 炭酸ガス施用チューブH
15 炭酸ガス配管I
16 壁面換気扇
17 炭酸ガス施用チューブJ
18 天窓1 Cultivation bed 2
6 Needle valve B with flow meter
7 Gas suction port 8 Carbon dioxide gas concentration meter E
9 Carbon dioxide concentration meter F
10 Sequencer with timer 11 Solenoid valve C
12 Solenoid valve D
13 Carbon dioxide pipe G
14 Carbon dioxide tube H
15 CO2 piping I
16
18 Skylight
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