JP2013189609A - Pyrolytic gasifying method and pyrolytic gasifying apparatus of organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasifying method and a gasifying apparatus of organic wastes, with which a volume of radioactive organic wastes is significantly reduced by pyrolyzing the organic wastes and a fuel gas of high calorie can be extracted therefrom.SOLUTION: This pyrolytic gasifying method of organic wastes has: a pyrolytic gasifying process of decomposing the organic wastes into a pyrolysis gas and char in an internal circulation kiln; a tar separation process of separating the pyrolysis gas into a tar liquid and a dry gas; a tar liquid cooling process of cooling the tar liquid separated in the tar separation process to 100°C or lower; a tar liquid supply process of feeding all or a part of the tar liquid into the internal circulation kiln; a gas flow rate control process of controlling the gas flow rate in such a way that pressure inside the internal circulation kiln is always equal to atmospheric pressure; and a char extracting process of applying a current to a plurality of electrode pairs which are set at respectively different heights across a char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln, to measure a level of the char based on presence or absence of passage of current, and to continuously extract the char outside the system while keeping the level of the char in a predetermined range.

Description

  The present invention relates to a pyrolysis gasification method and pyrolysis gasification apparatus for organic waste.

For example, organic waste
(1) Woody biomass such as cut grass, pruned branches, thinned wood, fallen leaves, bark,
(2) Municipal waste, general waste such as septic tank sludge,
(3) Industrial waste such as sewage sludge, paper, wood chips, waste plastic, rubber, animal and vegetable residues, and
(4) There are radioactive biomass attached to and mixed with woody biomass, general waste, and industrial waste, and radioactive organic waste that is contaminated with food and other agricultural, forestry and marine products.

  Organic waste treatment methods are broadly divided into biological treatment and heat treatment, and heat treatment is divided into incineration and thermal decomposition. Conventionally, incineration has been adopted as a method for heat treatment of organic waste, but it has become clear that dioxins are produced by incineration, so thermal decomposition that does not produce dioxins has attracted attention, and many technologies have been introduced and developed. Has been done.

  Thermal decomposition of organic substances, especially hydrocarbon compounds, can produce gaseous hydrocarbon compounds (dry gas), liquid hydrocarbon compounds (tar), and solid hydrocarbon compounds (char). They are classified into gasifiers, oilifiers, and carbonizers depending on the properties of the target combustible substance.

  Among them, the gasifier is applicable to a wide range of waste and has high utility value. However, there are almost no pyrolysis gasifiers currently operating as commercial and practical devices.

  In order to pyrolyze organic matter, it is necessary to give heat to the organic matter sent into a container (pyrolysis furnace) where pyrolysis is performed. The pyrolysis technology can be divided into a partial combustion type and a non-combustion type depending on how heat is applied to the organic matter. In the partial combustion type, air or oxygen is fed into a pyrolysis furnace, a part of the combustible material is combusted, and the combustion heat gives heat to the organic matter, whereas the non-combustion system is a pyrolysis furnace. It is a type that does not burn at all and transfers heat from the outside of the furnace to the organic matter in the furnace through a heat transfer wall or a solid heat medium.

  Furnace types used for the partial combustion type include vertical furnaces (or shaft furnaces), fluidized bed furnaces, and internal heat type rotary kilns. The obtained pyrolysis gas has a low calorific value because it contains combustion exhaust gas such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Further, since tar vapor is contained, it cannot be used as fuel gas as it is. Therefore, a method of incinerating secondary air into the pyrolysis gas is often used. In this case, the entire apparatus is classified as an incinerator. Incineration exhaust gas contains dioxin, hydrogen chloride and other harmful substances, so a device for removing harmful substances and a chimney is required to dispose of harmful substances below the standard value into the atmosphere. It becomes a factor. For power generation, steam turbine power generation that generates high-pressure steam from combustion exhaust gas is used, but for example, it is economically payable unless it is a large incinerator having a daily processing amount of 100 tons or more.

  A furnace type used for the non-combustion type is an external heating type rotary kiln. Unlike the partial combustion type, the resulting gas has a high calorific value, but contains tar vapor as in the partial combustion type. For this reason, in a practical device using a rotary kiln, the pyrolysis gas is incinerated with secondary air in the same way as the partial combustion method, and tar is removed from the pyrolysis gas and used as dry gas. It is not done.

  In addition, in an external heating rotary kiln, when organic waste contains plastic, the molten plastic sticks to the furnace wall and hinders continuous operation of the furnace, so periodic shutdown and removal of scale in the furnace are necessary. Therefore, there is a problem that maintenance management costs, and this is an obstacle to the spread of commercial plants.

  As described above, the heat treatment apparatus for organic waste is pyrolyzed in one device (pyrolysis furnace) that constitutes it, but the pyrolysis product is incinerated in the subsequent device, and therefore The entire device consisting of a combination of equipment is classified as an incinerator.

  As described above, the current state of the continuous heat treatment technology for organic waste is a heat treatment apparatus equal incinerator. There is a need for the development of a pyrolysis gasifier for organic waste that does not generate dioxin, can produce high-calorie dry gas, and can generate power even when it is small by driving an engine or the like.

  Although the external shape is similar to that of a rotary kiln, the movement of the granular material in the kiln is different, that is, the granular material circulates in both directions from right to left and from left to right as the kiln rotates. A new rotary kiln (hereinafter referred to as an internal circulation kiln) equipped with a moving instrument has been developed, and can be used as a non-combustion pyrolysis furnace for waste (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  However, if air flows into a container filled with high-temperature combustible gas, it explodes (rapid gas expansion due to combustion). Since the inside of the pyrolysis furnace, which is a device constituting the pyrolysis gasifier, is filled with high-temperature combustible gas, a measure for preventing inflow of outside air into the furnace is required. Specifically, it is necessary to develop equipment that prevents the inflow of air when continuously feeding raw materials (organic waste) into the furnace and sending products (dry gas and char) outside the furnace. Become.

  Waste is fed from the supply hopper into the internal circulation kiln by a screw feeder. The level of waste in the supply hopper can be kept within a predetermined range by the level meter and the solid flow control device, thereby preventing the internal circulation kiln from entering the atmosphere.

  The amount of pyrolysis gas sent out from the internal circulation kiln varies depending on the properties of the organic waste sent in, and the kiln internal pressure also fluctuates accordingly, but if the internal pressure rises, the gas leaks to the outside and the internal pressure As the air descends, the outside air is sucked.

  Since pyrolysis gas contains harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, external leakage must be avoided, and inflow of outside air into the interior causes explosion. Therefore, a dry gas blower and a gas flow rate control device for measuring the internal pressure and extracting the pyrolysis gas so as to be the same as the external pressure (atmospheric pressure) are required.

  In order to keep the kiln internal pressure constant by changing the flow rate of the dry gas blower, it is necessary to reduce the pressure loss between the dry gas blower and the internal circulation kiln. There is a device that cools the pyrolysis gas and condenses and separates the tar vapor between the dry gas blower and the internal circulation kiln, but it is negligible by using a gas-liquid contact cooling condenser that co-flows the hot gas and the coolant. Dry gas can be obtained by condensing and separating tar vapor with a small pressure loss (Patent Document 3).

  In addition, it is known that the tar liquid can be pyrolyzed (reformed) gasified by feeding the tar liquid sent from the gas-liquid contact cooling condenser into a pyrolysis furnace (Patent Documents 4 and 5).

Japanese Patent No. 3115633 JP 2008-1111016 A JP 61-28585 A JP 2008-297464 A JP 2006-169309 A

  The high-temperature char generated in the internal circulation kiln falls into the char discharge pipe connected to the kiln and is taken out of the furnace from the char discharge pipe, but the high-temperature char burns when it is exposed to the outside air. In addition, if outside air flows into the furnace in the process of taking the char out of the furnace, there is a risk of causing an explosion by mixing with hot combustible gas. Therefore, it is necessary to take out the hot char from the furnace while minimizing the risk of fire and explosion accidents.

  Hot char is dropped and stored in the char discharge pipe from the internal circulation kiln and taken out of the device by the char discharger. At this time, the discharge pipe becomes empty and external air flows in or the discharge pipe becomes full. In order to avoid increasing the gas pressure of the circulating kiln, it is necessary to measure and control the level of the high temperature char.

  As the principle of solid level meters, those using light passage, capacitance, physical resistance, etc. have been put into practical use, but many of them are not applicable to high-temperature solids at 800 ° C. As a method capable of measuring the level of a high-temperature solid, there is a method in which laser light is passed through a pair of heat-resistant glass windows and the on / off is detected and measured. However, if this method is used to measure the level of high temperature char, char will adhere to the heat-resistant glass, making it impossible to measure.

  The development of char-level practical measuring instruments is one of the requirements for the practical application of non-combustion continuous pyrolysis gasification equipment for organic waste by avoiding fire risk, explosion risk and hazardous gas leakage risk .

  In addition, there is a need to develop technology for treating organic substances (radioactive organic waste) contaminated by radioactive substances released from the nuclear power plant into the environment. Since there is no method other than storage and shielding of radioactivity in the treatment of radioactive waste, it is necessary to secure storage space. However, if the volume of radioactive waste can be reduced, the storage space can be used effectively. In particular, when the radioactive waste is organic, a heat treatment technique is used as a volume reduction technique.

  As a heat treatment device for radioactive organic waste, an incinerator that greatly reduces the volume by burning the organic matter and releasing it into the atmosphere as a gas such as carbon dioxide is transferred to the residue (radioactive inorganic waste). Have been widely used.

  However, most of the radioactive material is transferred to exhaust gas by incineration. For example, by using a filter to collect dust (radioactive solid material), the radioactive material can be prevented from spreading into the atmosphere. The risk of being released into the atmosphere through the eyes is not zero. In addition, in order to deal with clogging / degradation of the filter, it is necessary to replace the filter periodically. However, the used filter should be kept in isolation as a radioactive solid substance. Furthermore, since the filter replacement work requires human power, the replacement work involves a risk of exposure to dust.

  Therefore, there is a need for the development of incineration alternative technology for radioactive organic waste, and technology that greatly reduces the volume while ensuring the safety of maintenance work with little environmental impact.

  The present invention is capable of thermally decomposing organic waste by non-combustion heating to extract high-calorie fuel gas, enabling continuous operation, high safety, low environmental load, and further reducing radioactive organic waste to environmental impact. An object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste gasification method and gasification apparatus that can reduce the volume significantly while ensuring the safety of maintenance work.

  The invention according to claim 1 relates to a method for pyrolyzing and gasifying organic waste, and uses an internal circulation kiln configured to internally circulate the particulate matter in the presence of oxygen in the absence of oxygen. A pyrolysis gasification step in which the pyrolysis gas and char are decomposed by heating to a temperature of ˜800 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas and the atomized particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound are brought into contact with each other in parallel flow. The tar separation step of separating the pyrolysis gas into a tar liquid which is a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or more and a dry gas which is a pyrolysis gas from which the tar liquid has been removed, In order to use the tar liquid separated in the tar separation process as the liquid hydrocarbon compound in the tar separation process, the tar liquid cooling process in which the tar liquid is cooled to 50 ° C. or less, and all or part of the tar liquid is subjected to the internal circulation kiln. In The tar solution supply process to enter, the gas flow rate control process to control the gas flow rate so that the pressure in the internal circulation kiln is always atmospheric pressure, and the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln are different from each other. Char extraction process that applies current to multiple electrode pairs at a height, measures the char level from the presence or absence of energization, and continuously extracts the char from the system while keeping the char level within a specified range It is characterized by having.

  In the pyrolysis gasification method, since an internal circulation kiln is used in the pyrolysis gasification step, even when organic waste contains waste plastic, molten waste plastic does not stick to the furnace wall, Long-term continuous operation of the furnace is possible. And since tar liquid is isolate | separated from pyrolysis gas in a tar separation process, tar content is hardly contained in the dry gas obtained.

  In addition, organic waste generally contains chlorine, sulfur, and nitrogen. However, in the pyrolysis gasification method, pyrolysis is performed without supplying oxygen or air. There is no combustion. Therefore, dioxins, hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are not generated. The pyrolysis gas includes hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia gas, which can be easily removed by reacting with a neutralizing agent. Further, since water is not used for cleaning the pyrolysis gas, there is almost no generation of waste water.

  In the tar separation step, since the spray particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound are brought into contact with the pyrolysis gas in parallel flow, the pressure loss is small.

  In the tar liquid supply process, the remainder of the tar liquid used in the tar separation process is returned to the pyrolysis gasification process and pyrolyzed and gasified together with organic waste. Can be zero.

  Furthermore, in the gas flow rate control process, since the gas flow rate is controlled so that the pressure in the internal circulation kiln is always atmospheric pressure, the inflow of air into the internal circulation kiln and the pyrolysis gas from the internal circulation kiln. Leakage can be prevented.

  In the char extraction process, the current is applied to a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe, and the char level is measured from the presence or absence of energization. Unlike the method in which the char is discharged at a high temperature of about 800 ° C and the laser beam is passed through a pair of heat-resistant glass windows to detect on / off, the char to the char discharge tube is measured. There is no problem that the char level measurement becomes impossible due to the adhesion.

  Therefore, the char can be continuously extracted out of the system while maintaining the char level within a predetermined range, so that the hot char comes into contact with the outside air and burns out, or the char is taken out of the device into the internal circulation kiln. Char can be continuously withdrawn while minimizing the danger of outside air flowing in and mixing with hot combustible gas causing explosions.

  The invention according to claim 2 relates to a method for pyrolyzing and gasifying organic waste, and uses an internal circulation kiln configured to internally circulate the particulate matter in the presence of oxygen in the absence of oxygen. A pyrolysis gasification step in which the pyrolysis gas and char are decomposed by heating to a temperature of ˜800 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas and the atomized particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound are brought into contact with each other in parallel flow. A high boiling point tar separation step for separating the pyrolysis gas into a high boiling point tar liquid which is a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 100 to 150 ° C. and a high boiling point tar removing gas, In order to use the high boiling point tar liquid separated in the high boiling point tar separation process as the liquid hydrocarbon compound in the high boiling point tar separation process, the tar liquid cooling process for cooling to 100 ° C. or lower, and the high boiling point tar liquid A part of or a part of the tar solution is fed into the internal circulation kiln, and the temperature of the high boiling point tar removal gas obtained in the high boiling point tar separation step is lowered to 50 ° C. or lower to liquid carbonize with a boiling point of 50 ° C. or higher. A low-boiling tar solution that separates a low-boiling point tar solution, which is a mixed liquid of a hydrogen compound and water, and a dry gas, and a low-boiling-point tar-rich gas and a distillation residue by distilling the low-boiling point tar solution. The separation step, the gas flow rate control step for controlling the gas flow rate so that the pressure in the internal circulation kiln is always atmospheric pressure, and the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln are different in height. A char extraction step of applying a current to a plurality of electrode pairs provided in the electrode and measuring the level of the char from the presence or absence of energization, and continuously extracting the char out of the system while maintaining the char level within a predetermined range; Having And features.

  In the pyrolysis gasification method, the tar liquid contained in the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis gasification step is separated into a high-boiling tar liquid and a low-boiling tar liquid. The separated high-boiling tar solution is cooled and used as a refrigerant for pyrolysis gas, and the rest is pyrolyzed and gasified with organic waste in the pyrolysis gasification step. It is distilled to separate a gas rich in low-boiling tar and a distillation residue. The gas rich in low-boiling tar liquor is pyrolyzed and gasified together with organic substances in the pyrolysis gasification step, and most of the distillation residue is water. Therefore, it is further heated and evaporated to generate water vapor, for example, pyrolysis gas. It can be used for pyrolysis of char in the conversion process.

  Therefore, in addition to the features of the pyrolysis gasification method according to claim 1, the pyrolysis gasification method is capable of organic waste even when the pyrolyzable organism contains water, such as biomass and food residues. The product can be finally decomposed into dry gas and char, and there is no generation of sulfur oxides or nitrogen oxides, and no generation of waste water.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the pyrolysis gasification method according to claim 2, wherein in the catalyst infiltration step, organic waste is infiltrated into an aqueous compound solution of a metal selected from iron and nickel, and in the catalyst infiltration step A drying step of drying the metal compound infiltrated organic waste, which is an organic waste infiltrated with the metal compound aqueous solution, and drying in the drying step as the organic waste in the pyrolysis gasification step The metal compound infiltrated organic waste is fed into an internal circulation kiln.

  In the pyrolysis gasification method, since it reacts with water vapor at a low temperature of 600 to 800 ° C., water vapor reaction proceeds simultaneously with pyrolysis by charging the water vapor into the above pyrolysis gasification step. If a high gasification rate is achieved, the amount of char generated can be greatly reduced to 10 m.

  Invention of Claim 4 has the evaporation process which heats the said low boiling point tar liquid and isolate | separates it into the gas and solid residue which are rich in water vapor | steam in the thermal decomposition gasification method of Claim 3, The said pyrolysis In the gasification step, the water-rich gas generated in the evaporation step together with the organic waste is fed into the internal circulation kiln.

  In the pyrolysis gasification method, char containing iron and / or nickel is generated in the pyrolysis gasification step. In the pyrolysis gasification step, this char further reacts with water vapor to become a synthesis gas. Moreover, the low boiling point hydrocarbon compound contained in the gas rich in water vapor is also pyrolyzed and gasified.

  A fifth aspect of the present invention is the pyrolysis gasification method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the organic waste is a radioactive organic waste containing a radioactive substance.

  In the pyrolysis gasification method, radioactive organic waste is decomposed into dry gas and char at room temperature. And most of the radioactive materials in the radioactive organic waste are transferred to char, and the amount of radioactive materials transferred to the dry gas is very small, so the exposure risk in filter replacement work etc. is close to zero. On the other hand, as described above, most of the radioactive material is transferred to char, so the concentration of radioactive material in char is high. However, since the extraction of char is automatically performed in the char extraction process, the exposure risk in the char extraction process Can also be avoided.

  The invention according to claim 6 relates to a thermal decomposition gasification apparatus for organic waste, and the organic waste is heated to 500 ° C. or more and 800 ° C. or less in the absence of oxygen to decompose into pyrolysis gas and char. The temperature of the pyrolysis gas is lowered to 50 ° C. by bringing the pyrolysis gas and the mist particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound into contact with each other from the top of the tower in parallel flow, which is configured to circulate the powder particles internally. A tar separator that separates the pyrolysis gas into a tar liquid that is a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or higher and a dry gas that is a pyrolysis gas from which the tar liquid has been removed; The tar solution is cooled to 50 ° C. or less and supplied to the tar separator as the liquid hydrocarbon compound, and the tar solution cooler and all or part of the tar solution are sent to the internal circulation kiln. Tar liquid supply device A dry gas blower for extracting dry gas out of the apparatus, a pressure detector for detecting the pressure in the internal circulation kiln, and an internal pressure detection result in the pressure detector so that the internal pressure of the internal circulation kiln is always normal pressure. A dry gas blower controller that controls the dry gas blower based on the gas flow rate control device, a char feeder that discharges char from the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln, and the char discharge pipe. A plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights are provided, the char level is measured from the presence or absence of energization in these electrode pairs, and the char is extracted while keeping the char level in the char discharge pipe within a predetermined range. And a char extraction device including a char flow rate controller for controlling the char feeder.

  In the pyrolysis gasifier, since the internal circulation kiln is used to pyrolyze organic waste into char and pyrolysis gas, even when the organic waste contains waste plastic, molten waste plastic Does not stick to the furnace wall, allowing long-term continuous operation of the furnace. And since tar liquid is isolate | separated from pyrolysis gas in a tar separation apparatus, tar content is hardly contained in the dry gas obtained.

  In addition, organic waste generally contains chlorine, sulfur, and nitrogen. However, in the pyrolysis gas apparatus, since pyrolysis is performed without supplying oxygen or air, combustion occurs in any apparatus. Dioxins, hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are not generated. Further, since water is not used for cleaning the pyrolysis gas, there is almost no generation of waste water.

  In the tar separator, since the spray particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound are brought into contact with the pyrolysis gas in parallel flow, the pressure loss is small. Therefore, it is very easy to keep the pressure in the internal circulation kiln constant by changing the dry gas extraction flow rate in the dry gas blower in the gas flow rate control device.

  In addition, since the remaining tar liquid used as a refrigerant for pyrolysis gas in the tar separator is returned to the internal circulation kiln in the tar liquid supply apparatus and pyrolyzed and gasified with organic waste, the tar liquid is discharged to the outside. It can be substantially zero.

  Further, in the gas flow control device, the flow rate of the dry gas in the dry gas blower is controlled so that the pressure in the internal circulation kiln is always atmospheric pressure, so that the inflow of air into the internal circulation kiln and the internal circulation kiln Leakage of pyrolysis gas from can be prevented.

  In the char extraction device, the current is applied to a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe, and the char level is measured from the presence or absence of energization. Unlike the method in which the char is discharged at a high temperature of about 800 ° C and the laser beam is passed through a pair of heat-resistant glass windows to detect on / off, the char to the char discharge tube is measured. There is no problem that the char level measurement becomes impossible due to the adhesion.

  Therefore, the char can be continuously extracted out of the system while keeping the char level within a predetermined range, so that the char discharge pipe is emptied and the outside air flows into the internal circulation kiln in the process of taking out the char from the apparatus. Char can be extracted continuously by avoiding the risk of mixing with hot flammable gas to cause an explosion, or conversely, the char discharge pipe fills up and closes the exit of the kiln and gas is blown out.

  The invention according to claim 7 relates to a thermal decomposition gasification apparatus for organic waste, wherein the organic waste is heated to 500 ° C. or more and 800 ° C. or less in the absence of oxygen to decompose into pyrolysis gas and char. The internal circulation kiln configured to internally circulate the powder and the pyrolysis gas and the atomized fine particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound are brought into contact with each other in a downward flow from the top of the tower to contact the pyrolysis gas. Cool to a range of 100 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, condense the high boiling point tar solution contained in the pyrolysis gas, adsorb fine powdered char, and separate it into a high boiling point tar solution and a high boiling point tar removal gas. A high boiling point tar separator, a cooler that cools the high boiling point tar solution separated by the high boiling point tar separator to 100 ° C. or lower and supplies the high boiling point tar solution to the high boiling point tar separator, or all or part of the high boiling point tar solution Into the internal circulation kiln Tar liquid feeder, low boiling point tar separator that cools high boiling point tar removal gas to below 50 ° C and separates into low boiling point tar liquid and dry gas, and low boiling point tar liquid by indirectly heating A distiller that separates the gas into a distillation residue and a distillation residue, a dry gas blower that draws dry gas out of the apparatus, a pressure detector that detects the pressure in the internal circulation kiln, and the internal pressure of the internal circulation kiln are always constant. A dry gas blower control unit that controls the dry gas blower based on the internal pressure detection result in the pressure detector so that the pressure becomes a pressure, and a char discharge pipe connected directly to the internal circulation kiln to the outside of the device. And a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe, and the char level is measured from the presence or absence of energization in these electrode pairs. And a char flow control device that controls the char feeder so that the char is extracted while maintaining the char level in the char discharge pipe within a predetermined range. To do.

  In the pyrolysis gasifier, after removing the high boiling point tar liquid from the pyrolysis gas generated in the internal circulation kiln in the high boiling point tar separator, the low boiling point tar liquid is removed by the low boiling point tar separator. The high boiling point tar liquid is partially cooled and returned to the high boiling point tar separator as a refrigerant, and the remainder is pyrolyzed and gasified together with organic waste in an internal circulation kiln. On the other hand, the low boiling point tar liquid is distilled in a still and separated into a gas rich in low boiling point tar and a distillation residue. Since most of the distillation residue obtained in the distiller is water, water vapor can be generated by evaporating with heating. The obtained water vapor can be used, for example, for drying organic waste or pyrolyzing char in an internal circulation kiln.

  Therefore, in addition to the features of the pyrolysis gasification method according to claim 1, the pyrolysis gasification method is organic even when organic waste generates moisture by decomposition, such as biomass and food residues. The waste can be finally decomposed into dry gas and char, and there is a feature that there is no generation of dioxin, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide, and no generation of waste water.

  As described above, according to the present invention, organic waste can be pyrolyzed by applying heat by a method other than combustion, and high-calorie fuel gas can be taken out. There is provided a gasification method and a gasification apparatus for organic waste that can reduce the volume of radioactive organic waste significantly while ensuring the safety of maintenance work with little environmental impact.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a pyrolysis gasification apparatus and a material flow according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the pyrolysis gasifier according to Embodiment 2 and the substance flow. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration and a material flow of a first modification of the thermal decomposition gasification apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration and a material flow of a second modification of the pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of each part of the pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of each part of the pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a level measuring device provided in the pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to the first and second embodiments.

1. Embodiment 1
Hereinafter, an example of the thermal decomposition gasification apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the pyrolysis gasifier 100 of Embodiment 1 is a pyrolysis furnace that decomposes organic waste (a) to be treated into pyrolysis gas (b) and char (c). 20, the pyrolysis gas (b) obtained in the pyrolysis furnace (internal circulation kiln) 20 and the supply hopper 10 for sending the waste (a) into the pyrolysis furnace 20 is cooled to 50 ° C. or less. The tar separator 30 for separating the liquid (d), the dry gas blower 50 for taking out the dry gas (e) obtained by separating the tar liquid with the tar separator 30, and the tar sent from the tar separator 30 A cooling feeder 31 that cools the liquid (d) and circulates it into the tar separator 30; a feed pump 32 that feeds the tar liquid (h) produced by the tar separator 30 into the pyrolysis furnace 20; A char discharge pipe 60 for extracting the char (c) delivered from the pyrolysis furnace 20 A char extraction feeder 61 that sends out the char (c) to the outside of the apparatus, a char level controller 90 that detects the char level in the char discharge pipe 60 and controls the char feed amount so as to be within a certain range, and the supply hopper 10 The organic waste level control device 70 that detects the level of organic waste in the atmosphere and controls the amount of organic waste delivered so as to be within a certain range, and the gas pressure in the pyrolysis furnace 20 is detected to be the same as the atmospheric pressure. And a gas flow rate control device 80 for controlling the amount of dry gas (e) extracted.

  The pyrolysis gasifier 100 includes (1) waste feed flow control, (2) pyrolysis, (3) char feed flow control, (4) dry gas feed control, (5) tar separation and The intended function is achieved by organically combining the five functions of delivery. Details of the devices that embody the above five functions will be described below.

(1) Waste flow rate control This function feeds the required amount of organic waste into the pyrolysis furnace while preventing the inflow of outside air. The feed conveyor 11, feed hopper 10, feed feeder 12, a level measuring device 71, and an organic waste level control device 70. The level of waste stored in the supply hopper (storage height) has a function to shut off the outside air and the pyrolysis furnace gas, so the outflow of furnace gas can be controlled by controlling the waste level. Alternatively, inflow of outside air into the furnace can be avoided. As the level measuring device 71, a device based on the principle of capacitance, paddle rotation, vibration, etc. has been put into practical use. For example, when the upper limit level is reached, the infeed conveyor 11 is stopped, when the intermediate level is reached, an alarm is issued, and when the lower limit level is reached, the infeed feeder 12 is stopped to seal outflow or inflow of outside air or furnace gas. .

(2) Pyrolysis This function uses the internal circulation kiln 20 to apply heat to the organic waste (a) to convert it into pyrolysis gas (b) and char (c). A hollow cylinder 21 made of metal with good thermal conductivity that rotates around a horizontal axis, and the powder particles circulate in the cylinder from the inlet side to the outlet side and from the outlet side to the inlet side as the cylinder rotates. A circulating movement tool 22 that enables this is housed in a cylinder, and a heating outer cylinder 23 for supplying heat to the inside of the cylinder is provided on the outer periphery of the hollow cylinder 21.

(3) Char delivery flow rate control This function is for extracting the char (c) discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 20 to the outside of the apparatus while preventing the inflow of outside air. The char extraction pipe 60, the char extraction feeder 61 and the char The level controller 90 is used. The char level stored in the char delivery pipe has a sealing function for both the outside air and the pyrolysis furnace gas. By controlling the char level, the inflow of outside air can be prevented to reduce the risk of explosion. .

  Among existing solid level measuring instruments, those applicable to level measurement of high-temperature solids of 600 ° C. or higher are of the laser light transmission type. However, this method cannot be used because carbon dust adheres to the heat-resistant glass surface. Therefore, an energization type level measuring device 91 focusing on the conductivity of char was developed.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the energization type level measuring device 91 applies a current 91E to both of the electrodes constituting the three pairs of electrodes 91A, 91B, and 91C provided in the char extraction pipe 60, and sets three sets. An ammeter 91 </ b> D that is provided in each of the electrode pairs and detects the presence or absence of current flowing through the electrode pairs is provided. Here, each of the three pairs of electrodes has a pair of electrodes that penetrate the tube wall of the char discharge pipe 60 and face each other across the axis of the char discharge pipe 60. The electrode pair 91A is provided on the upper side, the electrode pair 91C is provided on the lower side, and the electrode pair 91B is provided between the electrode pairs 91A and 91C.

  Since char is mainly composed of amorphous carbon and has conductivity even at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, if char exists between electrode pairs 91A, 91B, 91C, a current flows between the electrode pairs. Therefore, the char level can be measured by detecting which of the electrode pairs 91A, 91B, 91C the current flows through.

(4) Dry gas delivery control function This function is used to blow dry gas (e) obtained by removing tar liquid from the pyrolysis gas (b) sent from the pyrolysis furnace 20 while maintaining the furnace pressure constant. 50 is to be taken out of the apparatus.

  The pyrolysis gas (b) contains tar vapor, and unless it is removed, the dry gas blower 50 is blocked and the gas cannot be extracted. Therefore, the tar separator 30 is indispensable. In addition, since the amount of pyrolysis gas generated from waste fluctuates significantly, it is necessary to control the rotational speed of the blower that quickly responds to pressure fluctuations, but an irregular delay occurs due to pressure loss in the tar separator 30. Therefore, it becomes impossible to control the delivery of dry gas (e) to keep the furnace pressure stable. By introducing the tar separator 30 shown in the next section (5), the pressure loss between the pyrolysis furnace 20 and the dry gas blower 50 can be suppressed to a small level, a pressure detector for detecting the furnace pressure, and the internal circulation kiln A dry gas blower controller that controls the dry gas blower based on the internal pressure detection result in the pressure detector so that the internal pressure of the dry gas blower is always a normal pressure. The furnace pressure can be kept constant.

(5) Separation and delivery function of tar This function is to separate and remove tar vapor contained in the pyrolysis gas (b) and to effectively use the separated tar. The pyrolysis gas contains various tars having different boiling points, but the pyrolysis gasifier 100 separates and removes the one having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or more as a tar liquid in one stage.

  The high-temperature pyrolysis gas (b) delivered from the pyrolysis furnace 20 is fed from the top of the tar separator 30 and is also in contact with the cooled fine particulate tar liquid fed from the top. Upon cooling, the tar below the boiling point is condensed with the fine tar as a core, and the fine tar falls as droplets in the vessel. The tar liquid dropped in the vessel is cooled by the cooling and feeding device 31 and sprayed from the top of the vessel and circulated in the vessel, but a part of the condensed and separated tar solution is sent to the pyrolysis furnace 20 by the feeding pump 32. Here, it is further thermally decomposed to finally become dry gas (e) and char (c).

  In the pyrolysis gasifier 100, a part of the tar liquid separated by the tar separator 30 is reused by the tar separator 30, and the rest is returned to the internal circulation kiln 20, so that the dry gas (e ) Contains almost no tar solution, and hardly discharges the tar solution to the outside. In this way, all tars generated by pyrolysis are converted into reformed gas without using air or oxygen at all, so high calorie gas can be safely operated from organic waste, with low environmental impact and high gasification efficiency. Can be offered at.

  In the pyrolysis gasification apparatus 100, since no part of the apparatus is combusted, noxious gases such as hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide that are usually contained in incineration exhaust gas generated by incineration of organic waste, And there is no generation of dioxins. However, when organic waste contains elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia gas are generated by pyrolysis, but pyrolysis gas is generated in internal circulation kiln or tar separation. It can be easily removed by neutralizing. In addition, no water is generated because no water is used for cleaning the pyrolysis gas.

  When the organic waste is radioactive organic waste, most of the radioactive material is transferred to char (c) and hardly transferred to dry gas (e). Exposure risk is very small. Further, the extraction of the char (c) is automatically performed by the char level controller 90 and the char extraction feeder 61 without human intervention, so that the exposure risk when extracting the char (c) is extremely small.

  In the pyrolysis gasification apparatus 100, since the tar liquid is separated from the pyrolysis gas in one stage, it is preferably used for pyrolysis gasification of waste plastics and the like that do not generate water by pyrolysis.

2. Embodiment 2
Hereinafter, other examples of the thermal decomposition gasification apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the pyrolysis gasification apparatus 200 of Embodiment 2 includes a pyrolysis furnace (internal circulation kiln) 20, a supply hopper 10, and a pyrolysis gas obtained in the pyrolysis furnace 20 ( b) the high boiling point tar separator 30 for separating the high boiling point tar liquid (d) by cooling to 100 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less, and the low boiling point tar by cooling the high boiling point tar removing gas (e) to 50 ° C. or less. A low boiling point tar separator 40 for separating the liquid (f), a low boiling point tar separation gas, that is, a dry gas blower 50 for taking dry gas (g) out of the apparatus, and a high boiling point tar liquid sent from the high boiling point tar separator 30 ( d) Cooling and feeding device 31 that cools and circulates and feeds high-boiling tar separator 30 and high-boiling tar solution (h) generated by high-boiling tar separator 30 is fed to pyrolysis furnace 20 Input pump 32 and low boiling point tar separator 4 The low-boiling tar solution (f) sent from the cooling boiler 41 is cooled and circulated into the low-boiling-point tar separator 40, and the low-boiling tar solution (i) produced by the low-boiling tar separator 40 is distilled. The distiller 42 for separating the low boiling point tar vapor (j) and the distillation residue (k) and feeding the low boiling point tar vapor (j) to the pyrolysis furnace 20, and the char ( c) a discharge pipe 60, a char extraction feeder 61, a charter level controller 90, an organic waste level control device 70, and a gas flow rate control device 80.

(2) Pyrolysis As shown in FIG. 6, the internal circulation kiln 20 of the pyrolysis gasifier 200 rotates around a horizontal axis and has a hollow cylinder 21 covered with heat-resistant brick, A circulation moving tool 22 is provided in the cylinder to enable the powder particles to circulate and move from the inlet side to the outlet side and from the outlet side to the inlet side in the cylinder as the cylinder rotates. Heated gas j is fed to the opposite side of the granular material inlet with the moving tool 22 interposed therebetween, and heat is supplied to the individual and char that have circulated and moved from the heated gas discharge pipe 25 to the atmosphere. The heated solid and char circulate and move to the granular material inlet side to supply heat to the granular material, whereby the granular material is thermally decomposed into a pyrolysis gas and a chart.
The supply hopper 10, the dry gas blower 50, the organic waste level control device 70, the gas flow rate control device 80, and the char level controller 90 of the pyrolysis gasifier 200 are supplied to the pyrolysis gasifier 100 of the first embodiment, respectively. Since the configuration and functions are the same as those of the hopper 10, the dry gas blower 50, the organic waste level control device 70, the gas flow rate control device 80, and the char level controller 90, description thereof will be omitted. Further, (1) waste feed flow rate control, (3) char feed flow rate control, and (4) dry gas feed control are the same as those in the pyrolysis gasification apparatus 100 of the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

(5) Separation and delivery function of tar This function is to separate and remove tar vapor contained in the pyrolysis gas (b) and to effectively use the separated tar. The pyrolysis gas contains various tars having different boiling points. In this apparatus, as an example, those having a boiling point exceeding 100 ° C. (˜150 ° C.) are high boiling tars, and those having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or more are low. It is called boiling point tar and is separated and removed in two stages. Low-boiling tar contains water, and water is derived from water in the raw material and produced by thermal decomposition.

  The high-temperature pyrolysis gas (b) sent out from the pyrolysis furnace 20 is sent from the top of the high boiling point tar separator 30 and is cooled from the top of the same, and is cooled into fine particulate high boiling point tar. When contacted and cooled, the tar below the boiling point is condensed using the fine tar as a core, and the fine tar falls as a droplet in the vessel. The gas (e) from which the high boiling point tar has been removed is sent to the next step. On the other hand, the high boiling point tar liquid dropped into the vessel is cooled by the cooling feeder 31 and sprayed from the top of the vessel and circulated in the vessel, while being fed into the pyrolysis furnace 20 by the feeding pump 32. It is thermally decomposed and finally decomposed into dry gas (g) and char (c).

  The high boiling point tar separation gas (e) sent from the high boiling point tar separator 30 was fed into the separator 40 from the top of the low boiling point tar separator 40, and was also cooled from the top of the tower. Tars that are cooled by contact with fine low-boiling tars and cooled to below the dew point condense using the fine tars as nuclei, and the fine tars fall as droplets. The dry gas (g) from which the low boiling point tar has been removed is drawn out of the apparatus by the dry gas blower 50. On the other hand, the tar liquid dropped into the vessel is cooled and sprayed from the top of the tower by the cooling feeder 41 and circulated in the vessel, or the condensed low-boiling tar solution (i) is sent to the distiller 42. Is done.

  The tar liquid (i) sent to the distiller 42 is separated into a gas (j) rich in low boiling point tar and a distillation residue (k), and the gas (j) rich in low boiling point tar is fed to the pyrolysis furnace 20. It is fed and further pyrolyzed here, most of which becomes dry gas (g), and the distillation residual liquid becomes a liquid having a high water content.

  The low boiling point tar separator 40 is not limited to the above-described one, and may be of any type as long as the gas pressure loss before and after the separator is small. For example, cooling water is used. Indirect cooling heat exchange may be used.

  Furthermore, the delivery destination of the gas (j) rich in low-boiling tar is not limited to the pyrolysis furnace, and any system can be used as long as it can be used effectively. In this case, it can be cooled and liquefied and used as a wood vinegar solution as a soil improving fungicide.

  In the pyrolysis gasification apparatus 200, as shown in FIG. 3, the organic waste (a) is infiltrated with an aqueous solution (m) of a metal compound (metal catalyst) such as iron or nickel, and the catalyst infiltrated organic waste (n ) And a dryer 120 located downstream of the obtained catalyst infiltrating organic waste (n) to dry the catalyst infiltrating dry organic waste (o). It may be provided on the upstream side.

  In the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the organic waste (a) is fed into the infiltrator 110 together with the metal catalyst aqueous solution (m) to form the catalyst infiltrated organic waste (n), which is dried by the drier 120 to form the catalyst. Infiltrated dry organic waste (o). On the other hand, in the internal circulation kiln (20), the distillation residue liquid (j) obtained by distilling the low boiling point tar liquid (f) separated by the low boiling point tar separator 40 with the distiller 42 is heated with the heater 83. As a result, the distillation residual liquid evaporation gas (k) mainly containing water vapor is supplied to the internal circulation kiln 20. As a result, in the internal circulation kiln 20, the char (c) produced by thermal decomposition of the catalyst-infiltrated dry organic waste (o) and the high boiling point tar liquid (h) comes into contact with the distillation residue evaporation gas (k). Therefore, the amount of char (c) discharged from the pyrolysis gasifier 200 can be further reduced, and the gasification efficiency can be increased.

  On the other hand, if the organic waste a is a radioactive waste p to which radioactive substances such as radioactive cesium are attached and mixed, or an agricultural, forestry, livestock and fishery product q that has been radioactively contaminated by biological concentration of radioactive substances, pyrolysis gasification The char (c) discharged from the apparatus 200 is a radioactive char (r). In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, a pyrolysis gasifier 200 provided with an elution device 130 and a concentration device 140 can be used.

  In the apparatus of FIG. 4, in the elution device 130, water or oxalic acid aqueous solution (s) is added to the radioactive char (r) to elute the radioactive cesium contained in the radioactive char (r), and the radioactive cesium-removed char (t) and the elution are obtained. The liquid (u) may be separated, and the eluate (u) may be concentrated by the concentrator 140 to obtain a concentrated residual liquid (v) containing high-concentration radioactive cesium.

  According to the apparatus of FIG. 4, radioactive waste (p) and agriculture, forestry and livestock and fishery products (q) are concentrated in dry gas (g) and char (c) containing almost no radioactive cesium, and a very small amount of high concentration radioactive cesium containing enrichment. Since it can be separated into the residual liquid (v), not only dry gas (g) but also char (c) can be used as fuel. Further, the volume can be further reduced as compared with the case where the radioactive waste (p) and the agricultural, forestry and livestock / fishery product (q) are simply pyrolyzed and gasified by the pyrolysis gasifier 200.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Feeding hopper 11 Feeding conveyor 12 Feeding feeder 20 Internal circulation kiln 20 Pyrolysis furnace 21 Hollow cylinder 22 Circulation movement tool 23 Heating outer cylinder 30 Tar separator 30 High boiling point tar separator 31 Cooling feeder 32 Feed pump 40 Low boiling point tar separator 41 Cooling feeder 41 Cooling feeder 42 Distiller 50 Dry gas blower 60 Char discharge pipe 70 Organic waste level control equipment 71 Level measuring instrument 80 Gas flow control device 90 Char level controller 90 Level controller 91 Energizing type level measuring instrument 91A Electrode pair 91B Electrode pair 91C Electrode pair 91D Ammeter 91E DC current 100 Pyrolysis gasifier 110 Infiltrator 120 Dryer 130 Elution apparatus 140 Concentrator 200 Pyrolysis gasifier

Claims (7)

Pyrolysis that decomposes organic waste into pyrolysis gas and char by heating to a temperature of 500-800 ° C. in the absence of oxygen, using an internal circulation kiln configured to circulate the powder particles internally A gasification process;
The pyrolysis gas and the mist particles of the liquid hydrocarbon compound are contacted in parallel to lower the temperature of the pyrolysis gas to 50 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas is a tar liquid that is a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or more. And a tar separation step for separating into a dry gas which is a pyrolysis gas from which the tar liquid has been removed,
A tar liquid cooling step in which the tar liquid separated in the tar separation step is cooled to 50 ° C. or lower in order to use it as the liquid hydrocarbon compound in the tar separation step;
A tar liquid supply step of feeding all or part of the tar liquid into the internal circulation kiln;
A gas flow rate control step for controlling the flow rate of the gas so that the pressure in the internal circulation kiln is always atmospheric pressure;
A current is applied to a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln to measure the char level from the presence or absence of energization, and the char level is within a predetermined range. A char extraction process for continuously extracting the char out of the system while maintaining,
A method for pyrolysis gasification of organic waste having Pyrolysis that decomposes organic waste into pyrolysis gas and char by heating to a temperature of 500-800 ° C. in the absence of oxygen, using an internal circulation kiln configured to circulate the powder particles internally A gasification process;
The pyrolysis gas and liquid hydrocarbon compound atomized particles are contacted in parallel to reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis gas to 100 to 150 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 100 to 150 ° C. A high boiling point tar separation step for separating the high boiling point tar solution and the high boiling point tar removal gas,
A tar liquid cooling step in which the high boiling point tar liquid separated in the high boiling point tar separation step is cooled to 100 ° C. or lower in order to be used as the liquid hydrocarbon compound in the high boiling point tar separation step;
A tar liquid supply step of feeding all or part of the high boiling point tar liquid into the internal circulation kiln;
A low boiling point tar liquid which is a mixed liquid of a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or more and water by lowering the temperature of the high boiling point tar removal gas obtained in the high boiling point tar separation step to 50 ° C. or less; a dry gas; A low boiling point tar separation step,
A distillation step of distilling the low boiling point tar liquid into a gas rich in low boiling point tar and a distillation residue;
A gas flow rate control step for controlling the flow rate of the gas so that the pressure in the internal circulation kiln is always atmospheric pressure;
A current is applied to a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln to measure the char level from the presence or absence of energization, and the char level is within a predetermined range. A char extraction process for continuously extracting the char out of the system while maintaining,
A method for pyrolysis gasification of organic waste having A catalyst infiltration process for infiltrating organic waste into a compound aqueous solution of a metal selected from iron and nickel;
A drying step of drying the metal compound infiltrated organic waste that is an organic waste infiltrated into the metal compound aqueous solution in the catalyst infiltration step;
Have
The pyrolysis gasification method according to claim 2, wherein, in the pyrolysis gasification step, the metal compound infiltrated organic waste dried in the drying step is sent as an organic waste to an internal circulation kiln. Having an evaporation step of heating the distillation residue obtained in the distillation step to separate the water-rich gas and its residue;
The pyrolysis gasification method according to claim 3, wherein in the pyrolysis gasification step, gas rich in water vapor generated in the evaporation step together with organic waste is sent to the internal circulation kiln.   The pyrolysis gasification method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic waste is a radioactive organic waste containing a radioactive substance. An internal circulation kiln configured to internally circulate the powder, in which organic waste is heated to 500 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower in the absence of oxygen to decompose into pyrolysis gas and char;
The pyrolysis gas and liquid hydrocarbon compound atomized particles are contacted in parallel from the top of the tower to lower the temperature of the pyrolysis gas to 50 ° C., and the pyrolysis gas is a liquid hydrocarbon compound having a boiling point of 50 ° C. or higher. A tar separator that separates a tar liquid and a dry gas that is a pyrolysis gas from which the tar liquid has been removed;
A tar liquid cooler for cooling the tar liquid separated in the tar separation step to 100 ° C. or less and supplying the tar liquid as the liquid hydrocarbon compound to the tar separator;
A tar liquid supply device for feeding all or part of the tar liquid into the internal circulation kiln;
Based on a dry gas blower for extracting dry gas outside the apparatus, a pressure detector for detecting the pressure in the internal circulation kiln, and an internal pressure detection result in the pressure detector so that the internal pressure of the internal circulation kiln is always normal pressure. A dry gas blower control unit for controlling the dry gas blower, and a gas flow rate control device comprising:
A char feeder that discharges the char from the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln and a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe. A char extraction device comprising: a char flow rate controller device that measures the char level from presence or absence and controls the char feeder so that the char is extracted while keeping the char level in the char discharge pipe within a predetermined range. When,
An organic waste pyrolysis gasifier with An internal circulation kiln configured to internally circulate the powder, in which organic waste is heated to 500 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower in the absence of oxygen to decompose into pyrolysis gas and char;
The pyrolysis gas and atomized fine particles of a liquid hydrocarbon compound are brought into contact with each other in the downward direction from the top of the tower, and the pyrolysis gas is cooled to a range of 100 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less to be contained in the pyrolysis gas. A high-boiling-point tar separator that condenses the high-boiling-point tar liquid, adsorbs the fine powdered char, and separates it into a high-boiling-point tar liquid and a high-boiling-point tar removal gas;
A cooler that cools the high boiling point tar solution separated by the high boiling point tar separator to 100 ° C. or less and supplies the high boiling point tar solution to the high boiling point tar separator;
A tar solution feeder for feeding all or part of the high boiling point tar solution to the internal circulation kiln;
A low boiling point tar separator that cools the high boiling point tar removal gas to 50 ° C. or lower and separates it into a low boiling point tar liquid and a dry gas;
A distiller that indirectly heats a low-boiling tar solution to separate it into a gas rich in low-boiling tar and a distillation residue;
Based on a dry gas blower for extracting dry gas outside the apparatus, a pressure detector for detecting the pressure in the internal circulation kiln, and an internal pressure detection result in the pressure detector so that the internal pressure of the internal circulation kiln is always normal pressure. A dry gas blower control unit for controlling the dry gas blower, and a gas flow rate control device comprising:
A char feeder that discharges the char from the char discharge pipe directly connected to the internal circulation kiln and a plurality of electrode pairs provided at different heights across the char discharge pipe. A char extraction device comprising: a char flow rate controller device that measures the char level from presence or absence and controls the char feeder so that the char is extracted while keeping the char level in the char discharge pipe within a predetermined range. When,
An organic waste pyrolysis gasifier with

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