JP2013019699A - Method for survey between power transmission line support points of iron tower - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for survey that can safely and efficiently survey the horizontal distance and difference of elevation between power transmission line support points even when the power transmission line is a charging line in a hot line state without using a retroreflection sheet nor the need for an operator to climb up an iron tower.SOLUTION: The coordinates of power transmission support points A, B are found by survey respectively, and the horizontal distance Lab and difference of elevation Hab between the two power transmission line support points A, B are found from the found coordinates. The coordinates of an observation point Pdetermined right nearby an iron tower 1 are found by survey, and the coordinates of the power transmission line support point A of the iron tower 1 are found by survey on the basis of the coordinates of the observation point P. The coordinates of an observation point Pdetermined right nearby an iron tower 2 are found by survey on the basis of the coordinates of the observation point P, and the coordinates of a power transmission line support point B of the iron tower 2 are found by survey. Then the horizontal distance and difference of elevation between the two power transmission line support points are found by geometric calculation from the found coordinates of the power transmission line support points A, B.

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying method between transmission line support points of a steel tower, and more particularly, to a method of measuring a horizontal distance and a height difference between corresponding transmission line support points of two steel towers.

  The power transmission facility is formed by providing a plurality of steel towers separated along the power transmission route, and supporting the power transmission lines via insulators on the support arms of the power transmission lines formed on the steel towers. A power transmission line is cut | disconnected for every close line area between several steel towers, and is spanned between each steel tower. Generally, tension insulators are attached to the support arm of the steel tower located at both ends of the tight wire section, and tension clamps attached to both ends of the transmission line are connected to the support arms by connecting metal fittings. Transmission lines are supported. In addition, a suspension insulator is attached to the support arm of the tower located at the relay point of the tight line section, and a transmission line is attached to the suspension clamp connected to the suspension insulator by a connecting bracket, and the transmission line is attached to the support arm. It is supported.

  Moreover, in order to give the power transmission line spanned between each steel tower a slack according to a predetermined tension, the length of the power transmission line between each steel tower is adjusted. Usually, the work of tying, such as adjusting the length of a transmission line between towers, is often performed at a high place on the support arm of the tower, and the work also takes a long time. To improve this, a prefabricated overhead wire construction method has been developed that allows work at high altitudes in a short period of time. In the construction by this prefabricated overhead wire construction method, a position where an insulator is attached to a support arm of one steel tower (hereinafter referred to as a transmission line support point) and a transmission line support point where an insulator is attached to the support arm of the other steel tower are preliminarily provided. Survey the horizontal distance and height difference between. From the measured horizontal distance and height difference, the length of the wire for each steel tower span (hereinafter referred to as the actual wire length) on the ground or at the factory, taking into account the looseness of the transmission line and related members such as insulators, clamp fittings and connecting fittings Measure the marking of the position where the suspension clamp is mounted and the actual length of the wire in the tight section. With these scales, the transmission line is cut on the ground or at a factory, and tension clamps are attached to both ends of the transmission line by the compression method. This eliminates the need for operations such as length adjustment on the support arm.

  Here, as a method of surveying the horizontal distance and height difference between the corresponding transmission line support points of the two towers, for example, a range finder is installed on the ground near the middle between the two towers, and the transmission of one tower is One of the transmission lines is measured by measuring the distance, vertical angle, and horizontal angle with respect to the reference line by holding a surveying reflection prism (hereinafter referred to as a prism) in the vicinity of the wire support point. The coordinates of the support point are obtained by surveying. Similarly, it is known that the coordinates of the other power transmission line support point are obtained by surveying, and the horizontal distance and height difference between the two power transmission line support points are obtained geometrically based on these coordinates.

  However, according to this surveying method, an operator climbs a steel tower with a measuring pole with a prism attached to the tip, and the tip of the measuring pole is the insulator mounting bolt near the transmission line support point at the tip of the support arm. It must be measured in contact with the screw tip. Therefore, when the transmission line is in a live line state, a safe separation distance cannot be secured, and surveying is not possible. In addition, the prism may be inclined or the position may be shifted, causing a measurement error. Furthermore, there is a problem that the worker has to climb the steel tower and the workability is poor.

  In order to cope with such a problem, according to Patent Document 1, when a transmission line is newly installed, a retroreflective sheet is pasted in the vicinity of the transmission line support point, and the coordinates of the retroreflective sheet are measured as described above. It has been proposed to measure the horizontal distance and height difference between two transmission line support points geometrically based on the coordinates obtained by the method. According to this, even when the transmission line is in a live line state, the worker can measure the horizontal distance and height difference between the support points of the transmission line without climbing the steel tower. And eliminates dangerous work and shortens survey time.

JP-A-6-265355

  However, when trying to apply the surveying method between the transmission line support points described in Patent Document 1, if the retroreflective sheet is not attached near the transmission line support point, the power transmission is stopped and the retroreflective sheet is used. It may need to be affixed and may not be applicable due to power outage timing or power outage restrictions.

  For example, when it is necessary to replace an existing transmission line with extra high voltage (for example, tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of volts) for reasons such as aging deterioration of the transmission line, it is required to shorten this replacement period. The re-fabrication by prefabrication method will be adopted. In the prefabricated overhead wire construction method, the wire connection between the steel towers involves measuring the actual length of the wire on the ground or at the factory, and cutting the transmission line. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the horizontal distance and the height difference between the two transmission line support points in advance by surveying. At this time, when the retroreflective sheet is not pasted near the transmission line support point, the worker must climb the steel tower to put the retroreflective sheet in a power outage state with the power line Become.

  By the way, in order to make a power transmission line into a power failure state, it is limited to a short period or a short time because of a social mission of supplying high-quality electricity with few power outages to consumers. Also, the retroreflective sheeting operation is a dangerous operation at a high place.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that, without using a retroreflective sheet, the worker does not climb the tower, and the horizontal distance and height difference between the transmission line support points even in the charging line where the transmission line is live It is to provide a surveying method capable of surveying safely and efficiently.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention irradiates the survey target point with an electromagnetic wave beam having directivity and convergence and receives the reflected wave, and determines the distance to the survey target point and the vertical angle of the electromagnetic beam. The coordinates of the two power transmission line support points are obtained by surveying using a distance measuring instrument that measures the horizontal angle formed by the horizontal reference line and the electromagnetic wave beam. That is, according to the surveying method between the transmission line support points of the steel tower of the present invention, first, the first observation point is determined on the ground where the first transmission line support point of the first tower can be seen, and the first observation point is determined. The first power transmission line support point is irradiated with an electromagnetic wave beam from a range finder installed in the first position, and the coordinates of the first power transmission line support point are obtained by surveying. Next, a second observation point is determined on the ground where the second transmission line support point of the second tower can be seen, and the coordinates of the second observation point are obtained by surveying with the first observation point as a reference. Thereafter, the second power transmission line support point is irradiated with an electromagnetic wave beam from a rangefinder installed at the second observation point, and the coordinates of the second power transmission line support point are obtained by surveying. From the coordinates of the first power transmission line support point and the coordinates of the second power transmission line support point, the horizontal distance and height difference between those power transmission line support points are obtained by geometric calculation. At this time, the transmission line support point is characterized in that it is the lower surface of the support arm of the steel tower to which the insulator for supporting the transmission line is attached or the lower surface of the fixing bracket for attaching the insulator to the support arm.

  That is, an electromagnetic wave beam having directivity and convergence is an electromagnetic wave having a short wavelength and a uniform phase. Also, the lower surface of the support arm or the lower surface of the fixing bracket is generally provided with a coating film or zinc film, and the surface of the film has fine irregularities, so that the surface of the irradiated ultra-short electromagnetic wave beam is irregular. Diffuse reflection. As a result, since an electromagnetic wave beam having a sufficient intensity for measurement is reflected from the reflection point, the position of the transmission line support point can be measured without using a retroreflective sheet. Therefore, since it is not necessary for workers to climb the steel tower and attach a retroreflective sheet near the transmission line support point, even if the transmission line is a live charging line, it is safe and efficient without a power failure. The horizontal distance and elevation difference between transmission line support points can be measured.

  In this case, the transmission line support point to be surveyed is a metal plate that is fixed to the lower surface of the support arm, a bolt or nut that fixes the metal plate to the lower surface of the support arm, or a bolt that attaches an insulator coupling to the metal plate. Alternatively, it can be the lower surface of a fixture such as a nut. In these fixtures, similarly to the fixture described above, the irradiated ultra-short electromagnetic wave beam is irregularly reflected by the irregularities on the surface, and a reflected wave having sufficient intensity for measurement is incident on the rangefinder.

  Also, the transmission line support point is a corner formed by the lower surface of the metal plate or the coupling metal and the side surface of the top of the downward bolt or the side surface of the downward nut, or the screw portion of the downward bolt and the nut screwed to this. Can be set to According to this, when the reflected wave received by the rangefinder is not sufficient, the reflected wave that is diffusely reflected in a complex manner on the plurality of surfaces formed at the corners is directed to the rangefinder in parallel with the irradiated electromagnetic wave beam. Since the number of components increases, the intensity of the reflected wave can be increased.

  If the bottom of the support arm or the downward bolt head attached to the bottom surface of the metal plate or connecting bracket is set as the transmission line support point, the bottom surface of the support arm or the bottom surface of the metal plate or connecting bracket is usually the support arm. It can be seen from the bottom of the tower, and it can be observed from the immediate vicinity of the tower, and the vicinity of the tower tower below the support arm is managed for security, it is easy to secure the place, and there are no trees etc. There is no traffic obstruction and it can be used as an installation site for observation points. When one metal plate is fixed to the support arm with a plurality of bolts or nuts, the selected bolt or nut can be set as a transmission line support point.

  Also, the power transmission line support point is not limited to the lower surface of the support arm, the metal plate, the bolt or nut that fixes the metal plate to the lower surface of the support arm, or the bolt or nut that attaches the metal fitting to the metal plate. Since the position at which the insulator is attached to the support arm is determined in advance by a design drawing or the like, the specific position of the fixing bracket for attaching the insulator to the support arm can be measured as the transmission line support point.

  In addition, when there are a plurality of transmission line support points on a single tower, the observation point is preferably determined at a position where all of the transmission line support points can be seen. As a result, the coordinates of all transmission line support points on a single tower can be obtained from a single observation point by surveying, and the number of movements of workers and rangefinders can be reduced, improving work efficiency. it can.

  In addition, transmission lines are usually mounted on the tower in units of three per line, and the work of attaching a retroreflective sheet in the vicinity of all the transmission line support points can be omitted. The time required for surveying in the meantime can be greatly shortened, and work efficiency can be increased. Furthermore, since the survey can be performed while the transmission line is in a live state, it is not necessary to make a power outage, and high quality electricity can be supplied to consumers.

  For example, a laser beam can be used as an electromagnetic wave beam having directivity and convergence used for irradiation to the survey target point in order to measure the distance to the survey target point, the vertical angle, and the horizontal angle with the rangefinder.

  According to the present invention, without using a retroreflective sheet, the horizontal distance and height difference between transmission line support points can be safely and efficiently reduced even if a transmission line is in a live line state without an operator climbing on a steel tower. Can be surveyed.

It is explanatory drawing of the surveying method which is one Embodiment of this invention. It is the side view (a) and bottom view (b) of the front-end | tip part of the support arm of the steel tower which attached the tension insulator series which is one Embodiment of this invention. It is the front view (a) of the front-end | tip part of the support arm of the steel tower which attached the suspension insulator series which is one Embodiment of this invention, a side view (b), and a bottom view (c). It is an XYZ coordinate diagram explaining the surveying method which is one Embodiment of this invention. Is a diagram representing the horizontal distance and difference in height between the survey reference point P ₀ and the observation point P _1. Is a diagram representing the horizontal distance and difference in height between the observation point P ₁ and the transmission line support points A. It is a diagram representing the horizontal distance and difference in height between the observation point P ₁ and the observation point P _2. It is a diagram representing the horizontal distance and difference in height between the observation point P ₂ and the power line support point B.

Hereinafter, the surveying method between the transmission line support points of the steel tower of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments.
(Embodiment 1)
The power transmission facilities connect hydropower stations, coastal thermal power stations, nuclear power stations, etc. over a wide area to supply the generated power to customers. Planned for plains and mountainous areas Provided along the transmitted power transmission route. However, since surveying between transmission line support points is performed between two adjacent steel towers, surveying between the transmission line support points of the two steel towers 1 and 2 shown in FIG. explain. As shown in FIG. 1, the tower 1 is provided with support arms 3, 4, and 5 that protrude in the horizontal direction like arms on both sides of the upper portion, with an interval in the vertical direction. Similarly, support arms 6, 7, and 8 are also provided on the upper portion of the steel tower 2.

  A tension insulator series 9 is attached to one end of the support arm 3, and a suspended insulator series 10 is attached to one end of the support arm 6. A transmission line 11 is supported on each insulator series. Similarly, power transmission lines (not shown) are connected to the other end portions of the support arms 3 and 6 and the other end portions of the other support arms 4, 5, 7, and 8. It is supported via the suspension insulators 14 and 15. Here, two tension insulators 9 are attached to one end of the support arm 3 and are connected to each other by jumper wires 16.

  A configuration in which the power transmission line 11 is supported by the support arm 3 via the tension insulators 9 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 using the support arm 3, the tension insulators 9, and the power transmission line 11 as an example. FIG. 2A is an enlarged side view of the distal end portion of the support arm 3, and FIG. 2B is a bottom view of the distal end portion of the support arm 3. An arm metal plate 23 for a tension insulator is fixed to the lower surface of the distal end portion 20 of the support arm 3 with a mounting bolt 21 and a nut 22. A U-shaped connecting bracket 26 is attached to the tension lever arm plate 23 with a tension insulator mounting bolt 24 and a nut 25, and a U-shaped connecting bracket 27 engaged with the U-shaped connecting bracket 26 is provided. It is connected. The U-shaped connecting bracket 27 is connected with a tension insulator continuous connecting bracket 28 by a connecting bracket 29. An end fitting 30 at one end of the tension insulator series 9 is connected to the tension insulator series connection fitting 28 by a connection fitting 31.

  The end insulator 41 of the other end of the tension insulator series 9 is connected to a tension insulator link connecting bracket 42 by a connection bracket 43, and the tension clamp 44 is connected to the tension insulator link connecting bracket 42 by a connection bracket 45. ing. The tension clamp 44 is formed in a substantially L shape, and a substantially L-shaped corner portion 46 is connected to the tension insulator continuous connection fitting 42. The substantially L-shaped long arm portion 47 sandwiches the power transmission line 11 and holds the power transmission line 11 by a compression method. The substantially L-shaped short arm portion 48 holds one end of the jumper wire 16 by a compression method, and the other end of the jumper wire 16 is connected to the armature plate 23 for a tension insulator, not shown. It is gripped by a substantially L-shaped short arm portion 48 of a tension clamp 44 connected to the other tension insulator series 9.

  A configuration in which the power transmission line 11 is supported by the support arm via the suspended insulator series 10 will be described using the support arm 6, the suspended insulator series 10, and the power transmission line 11 as an example with reference to FIG. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are respectively a front view (upper part of the suspended insulator series 10) and a side view (lower part of the suspended insulator series 10) showing an enlarged tip of the support arm 6. FIG. 4C is a bottom view of the distal end portion 51 of the support arm 6. A suspension lever arm metal plate 54 is fixed to the lower surface of the distal end portion 51 of the support arm 6 by mounting bolts 52 and nuts 53. As shown in FIG. 3C, the suspension lever arm plate 54 is fixed to the distal end portion 51 of the support arm 6 with a plurality of mounting bolts 52 and nuts 53. A U-shaped connecting metal 55 is fixed by welding to the lower surface of the suspension lever arm plate 54, and a U-shaped connecting metal 56 engaged with the U-shaped connecting metal 55 is connected. The U-shaped connecting bracket 56 is connected to a suspended insulator series connecting bracket 57 by a connection fitting 58, and the end fitting 59 of the upper end of the suspended insulator series 10 is connected to the hanging insulator series connecting bracket 57 by a connection fitting 60. .

  A suspended insulator continuous connection fitting 72 is connected to the end fitting 71 at the lower end of the suspended insulator series 10 by a connection fitting 73, and a suspension clamp 74 is connected to the suspension insulator continuous connection fitting 72 by a connection fitting 75. The suspension clamp 74 is formed in a substantially inverted T shape, and the end of the T-shaped leg portion 76 is connected to the suspension insulator continuous connection fitting 72. The T-shaped arm portion 77 sandwiches the power transmission line 11 and holds the power transmission line 11.

  Here, a procedure for bridging the transmission line 11 between the steel towers 1 and 2 will be described. The power transmission line 11 measures the actual length of the electric wire in consideration of slack according to a predetermined tension on the ground or in a factory, cuts at the position where the tension insulators 9 are attached, and attaches the suspension insulators 10. In FIG. 2, the positions to be held by the suspension clamp 74 are marked, and the tension clamps 44 are attached to both ends of the transmission line 11 by the compression method. The transmission line 11 that is marked and has tension clamps 44 attached to both ends is extended between the towers 1 and 2, is gripped by the suspension clamp 74 at the marked position, and is attached to the support arm 6 via the suspension insulator 10. Supported. The tension clamp 44 is supported by the support arm 3 via the tension insulator series 9, and the power transmission line 11 is connected between the steel towers 1 and 2.

  Next, an embodiment of a surveying method between transmission line support points, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described. The actual wire length of the transmission line 11 spanned between the steel towers 1 and 2 is determined, the marking of the position where the suspension clamp 74 of the transmission line 11 is attached and the end of the transmission line 11 are cut and the tension clamp 44 is attached. In order to perform the compression work on the ground or in a factory, the horizontal distance and the height difference between the two transmission line support points A and B are obtained by surveying. In this embodiment, the transmission line support point A is set at the top of the downward tension insulator mounting bolt 24, and the transmission line support point B is at the top of the downward suspension arm plate mounting bolt 52. Set. These power transmission line support points A and B are measured pinpointly. However, the power transmission line support points A and B are not limited to these, and can be set on the lower surfaces of the support arms 3 and 6 or the lower surfaces of the fixtures such as the armature plates 23 and 54. By the way, from the top of the tension insulator mounting bolt 24 set to the transmission line support point A to the tension clamp 44 and from the top of the suspension lever arm plate mounting bolt 52 to be set to the transmission line support point B. The dimension of each positional relationship up to the clamp 74 is determined in advance by a design drawing or the like. Therefore, if the horizontal distance and height difference between two corresponding transmission line support points A and B are obtained by surveying, the actual wire length of the transmission line 11 spanned between the steel towers 1 and 2 can be determined.

  Hereinafter, it demonstrates in detail using FIGS. 1-8. The laser range finder 81 of FIG. 1 includes a high-magnification telescope that rotates around the horizontal axis and the vertical axis and a bubble tube, and is attached to the top of the tripod 82 by a leveling table that is level with respect to the ground. A well-known thing can be applied. The telescope is equipped with a transmitter unit that emits pulsed laser light and a receiver unit that receives reflected light, and the angle (vertical angle) with respect to the vertical axis when the survey target point is collimated with the telescope, The clockwise horizontal rotation angle (horizontal angle) with respect to the reference line can be measured electronically. The bubble tube is used for leveling by setting the laser range finder 81 at the observation point and leveling it. The laser range finder 81 irradiates a measurement target point with pulse laser light, and measures the distance to the measurement target point from the round trip time of the pulse laser light reflected from the measurement target point. The laser beam is an electromagnetic beam having directivity and convergence, and its wavelength is generally 180 nm to 1 mm. However, the wavelength range is not limited to this as long as the electromagnetic wave beam has directivity and convergence, a short wavelength, and a uniform phase.

Using the laser range finder 81 configured as described above, the transmission line support point A (Xa, Ya, Za) and the coordinates (Xb, Yb, Zb) of B in FIG. The horizontal distance Lab and the height difference Hab between the support points A and B are obtained by geometric calculation. FIG. 4 is an XYZ coordinate diagram showing a positional relationship such as a horizontal distance and a horizontal angle between the observation point and the transmission line support point in FIG. First, define the observation point _{P 1} in the vicinity of tower 1, on the basis of the predetermined surveying reference point _{P 0 (X 0, Y 0} , Z 0), the coordinates of the observation point _{P 1 (X 1,} Y 1, _{Z 1} ) By surveying. Then, based on the observation point _{P 1,} obtains the coordinates of the transmission line support points A of the tower 1 (Xa, Ya, Za) of the survey. Next, an observation point P ₂ is determined in the vicinity of the tower 2, and the coordinates (X ₂ , Y ₂ , Z ₂ ) of the observation point P ₂ are obtained by surveying using the observation point P ₁ as a reference. Then, based on the observation point _{P 2,} we obtain the coordinates of the transmission line supporting point B of the steel tower 2 (Xb, Yb, Zb) of the survey.

First, the XYZ coordinate axes are set with the north direction as the positive direction of the X-axis, the east direction as the positive direction of the Y-axis, and the vertically upward direction with respect to the XY plane as the positive direction of the Z-axis. The survey reference point P ₀ is a point at which the survey reference point P ₀ and the observation point P ₁ can see each other, and the XY coordinates are determined as known triangle points. However, the survey reference point P ₀ is not limited to the triangular point and can be arbitrarily determined in consideration of the convenience of surveying. Further, the observation point P ₁ and the observation point P ₂ can be seen from each other, and the transmission line support point A can be seen at P ₁ , and B can be seen at P ₂ . 2. Determined on the nearest ground. In this embodiment, when the laser rangefinder 81 is leveled horizontally to the survey reference point P ₀ , the observation point P ₁ , or the observation point P ₂ , the horizontal axis and the vertical axis of rotation of the telescope The position of the intersection with the distance measuring sight collimation points R ₀ , R ₁ and R _{2 will} be described.

Next, in order to determine the coordinate observation point _{P 1 (X 1, Y 1} , Z 1), established the laser rangefinder 81 to the surveying reference points _{P 0,} the position of the observation point _{P 1,} for example, a laser A surveying target Q ₁ having a certain height that can be collimated from the distance measuring collimation point R ₀ of the distance measuring instrument 81 is set up. Laser rangefinder 81 installed in surveying reference point P _0, and collimate the surveying target Q _1, slope distance D ₀ between the rangefinder collimating points R ₀ and surveying target Q _1, a vertical angle of the telescope φ _{Measure 0} and horizontal angle α ₀ . Horizontal angle alpha _0, compared X axis telescope, a horizontal rotation angle when the collimating the surveying target Q ₁ is rotated clockwise.

As shown in FIG. 5, the horizontal distance _{L 0,} and the height difference _{H 1} between the surveying reference points _{P 0} and the observation point _{P 1} of the surveying reference points _{P 0} and the observation point _{P 1} is expressed by Equation (1). In equation (1), r ₀ is the difference in height between the survey reference point P ₀ and the distance measuring collimation point R _0, and h ₁ is the height of the observation point P ₁ and the survey target Q _1. It is a difference.

The coordinates (X ₁ , Y ₁ , Z ₁ ) of the observation point P ₁ can be expressed by Expression (2).

In order to obtain the coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) of the transmission line support point A with the observation point P ₁ as a reference, the transmission line support point A is collimated with the laser rangefinder 81 installed at the observation point P _1. Then, the oblique distance Da between the distance measuring collimation point R _{1 of} the laser distance measuring instrument 81 installed at the observation point P ₁ and the transmission line support point A, the vertical angle φa and the horizontal angle θa of the telescope are measured. The horizontal angle θa is a horizontal rotation angle when the transmission line support point A is collimated by rotating the telescope clockwise with the line segment connecting the surveying reference point P ₀ and the observation point P ₁ as a reference.

As shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal distance La between the observation point P ₁ and the transmission line support points A, and height difference Ha of the observation point P ₁ and the transmission line support point A can be expressed by Equation (3). In Equation (3), r ₁ is the difference in height between the observation point P ₁ and the distance measuring collimation point R ₁ .

Around axis observation point P _1, with respect to the X-axis, horizontal angle αa when rotating to the direction of the transmission line support points A clockwise, represented by formula (4).

The coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) of the transmission line support point A can be expressed by Expression (5).

  Similarly to the transmission line support point A, the coordinates of the transmission line support point at the other end of the support arm 3 of the tower 1 and the transmission line support points at both ends of the support arms 4 and 5 of the tower 1 are obtained. Can do.

Next, in order to obtain the coordinates (X ₂ , Y ₂ , Z ₂ ) of the observation point P _{2 using} the observation point P ₁ as a reference, the survey target is located at the position of the observation point P _{2 in} the same manner as the survey target Q _1. make a Q _2. Laser rangefinder 81 installed in the observation point P _1, surveying the target Q ₂ collimates, surveying the rangefinder collimating points R ₁ laser rangefinders 81 installed in the observation point P ₁ Target Q ₂ And the oblique angle D ₁ and the vertical angle φ ₁ and horizontal angle θ ₁ of the telescope are measured. The horizontal angle θ ₁ is a horizontal angle when the survey target Q ₂ is collimated by rotating the telescope clockwise with the line segment connecting the survey reference point P ₀ and the observation point P ₁ as a reference.

As shown in FIG. 7, the horizontal distance _{L 1} between the observation point _{P 1} and the observation point _{P 2,} and the height difference of _{H 2} and the observation point _{P 1} and the observation point _{P 2} is expressed by the equation (6). In Equation (6), r ₁ is the difference in height between the observation point P ₁ and the distance measuring collimation point R _1, and h ₂ is the difference in height between the observation point P ₂ and the survey target Q _2. It is.

The horizontal angle α ₁ when rotated clockwise to the direction of the survey target Q ₂ with respect to the X axis with the observation point P ₁ as the central axis can be expressed by Expression (7).

The coordinates (X ₂ , Y ₂ , Z ₂ ) of the observation point P ₂ can be expressed by Expression (8).

In order to obtain the coordinates (Xb, Yb, Zb) of the transmission line support point B using the observation point P ₂ as a reference, the transmission line support point B is collimated with the laser rangefinder 81 installed at the observation point P _2. Te, surveying the rangefinder collimating points R ₂ laser rangefinders 81 installed in the observation point P ₂ slope distance Db between the power line support point B, and a vertical angle φb and the horizontal angle θb of the telescope. Horizontal angle θb is the line segment connecting the observation point P ₁ and the observation point P ₂ as a reference, by rotating the telescope clockwise, a horizontal angle when the collimating the transmission line support point B.

As shown in FIG. 8, the horizontal distance Lb between the observation point P ₂ and the power line support point B, and height difference Hb between observation point P ₂ and the power line support point B can be expressed by Equation (9). In equation (9), r ₂ is the difference in height between the observation point P ₂ and the distance measuring collimation point R ₂ .

Around axis observation point P _2, with respect to the X-axis, horizontal angle αb when rotating clockwise until the direction of the transmission line support point B can be expressed by Equation (10).

The coordinates (Xb, Yb, Zb) of the transmission line support point B can be expressed by Expression (11).

  Similarly to the transmission line support point B, the coordinates of the transmission line support point at the other end of the support arm 6 of the tower 2 and the transmission line support points at both ends of the support arms 7 and 8 of the tower 2 are obtained. Can do.

As described above, the coordinates (Xa, Ya, Za) of the transmission line support point A and the coordinates (Xb, Yb, Zb) of the transmission line support point B are obtained by surveying using the equations (1) to (11). The horizontal distance Lab between the transmission line support points A and B is determined from the coordinates of the determined transmission line support points A and B by the equation (12).
Lab = √ {(Xa−Xb) ² + (Ya−Yb) ² } (12)
The height difference Hab between the transmission line support points A and B is obtained by the equation (13).
Hab = Zb−Za (13)
Similarly, the horizontal distance and the height difference between the other two corresponding transmission line support points of the tower 1 and the tower 2 can also be obtained by equations (12) and (13), respectively.

  In other words, laser light is light having directivity and convergence, short wavelength, and uniform phase. Also, the top of the tension insulator mounting bolt 24 and the top of the suspension arm armature plate mounting bolt 52 are generally coated with a coating film or zinc film, and the surface of the film has fine irregularities. The irradiated ultra-short laser beam is irregularly reflected by the uneven surface. As a result, since the reflected light having a sufficient intensity for measurement is reflected from the reflection point, the horizontal distance and height difference between the transmission line support points A and B can be measured without using a retroreflective sheet. Therefore, since it is not necessary for the worker to climb up the towers 1 and 2 and attach the retroreflective sheet near the transmission line support points A and B, even if the transmission line 11 is a live charging line, no power failure occurs. In addition, the horizontal distance and height difference between the transmission line support points A and B can be measured safely and efficiently, and obtained by geometric calculation. The transmission line support points A and B are similarly used when the lower surfaces of the support arms 3 and 6 or the lower surfaces of the fixing metal fittings such as the tension lever arm plate 23 or the suspension lever arm plate 54 are used. The irradiated ultra-short laser beam is irregularly reflected by the irregularities on these surfaces, and the reflected light having a sufficient intensity for measurement is incident on the laser rangefinder 81.

  Further, the transmission line support points A and B are the lower surfaces of the armature plates 23 and 54, the side surfaces of the tops of the downward mounting bolts 21 and 52, the side surfaces of the downward nuts 22 and 53, and the lower surface of the U-shaped connecting bracket 26. And at the corner formed by the nut 22, 25, 53 screwed to the screw bolt of the bolt 21, 24, 52, and the screw of the bolt 25, 24, 52, respectively. Can be set. According to this, when the reflected light received by the laser distance measuring probe 81 is not sufficient, the reflected light that is diffusely reflected in a complicated manner on the plurality of surfaces formed at the corners is parallel to the irradiated laser light. Since the component toward 81 increases, the intensity of reflected light can be increased. In this embodiment, laser light is used for surveying the transmission line support points A and B. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an electromagnetic wave beam having directivity and convergence may be used.

Transmission line support points A and B are provided on the lower surface of the support arms 3 and 6, the lower surface of the armature plates 23 and 54, the top of the tension insulator mounting bolt 24 and the top of the suspension armature plate mounting bolt 52. The transmission line support points A and B are usually in a position where they can be seen well from below the support arms 3 and 6 and can be observed from the vicinity of the towers 1 and 2, so that the tower 1 can easily secure the installation location. Two observation points P ₁ and P ₂ can be installed in the immediate vicinity. If one suspension lever arm plate 54 is attached with a plurality of suspension lever arm plate mounting bolts 52 and nuts 53, one of the bolts 52 is selected and surveyed. The transmission line support point B can be obtained from the relationship between the mounting bolt and the position at which the insulator is attached according to the design drawing or the like. It can obtain | require similarly about another transmission line support point.

The observation points P ₁ and P ₂ can be determined at positions where all of the power transmission line support points can be seen when there are a plurality of power transmission line support points on one tower. In addition, since the transmission lines 11 are usually mounted on the towers 1 and 2 in units of three per line, the work of pasting the retroreflective sheet near all the transmission line support points can be omitted. The time required for surveying between transmission line support points can be greatly shortened, and work efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the power transmission line can be surveyed with the charging line in a live line state, it is not necessary to make a power outage state, and high-quality electricity can be supplied to consumers.

In this embodiment, three support arms are attached to each steel tower, but the number of support arms is not limited to this. The steel towers 1 and 2 may be either a tension insulator or a suspended insulator. The selection of the observation points P ₁ and P ₂ for obtaining the coordinates of the transmission line support points A and B in order to determine the actual wire length of the transmission line 11 can be set at any position where the top of the mounting bolt can be seen. . Also, the position of the observation point P _1, all of the transmission line support points of view through it the position of the tower 1 is desired, two or more observation points If you can not provided, the transmission line from the coordinates survey their positional relationship The coordinates of the support point can be obtained. It can be obtained similarly for the observation point P _2.

Furthermore, when the observation point _{P 2} from the observation point _{P 1} can not through visual are each the tower nearest tower 1 and tower 2 defines the observation point _P 1, _{P 2,} between the observation point _P 1, _{P 2} Surveying can be performed with one or more observation points serving as relay points. The positional relationship between the observation point P ₁ and the observation point P ₂ can be carried out the survey be utilized GPS or the like.

  If this embodiment is used, even if it is a charging line in a live line state, it is possible to survey between transmission line support points without a power outage. Therefore, in both cases of newly installed and existing transmission lines, transmission line support points are previously provided. It is possible to apply the prefabricated wire method that measures the horizontal distance and height difference between them, determines the actual length of the transmission line, and then connects the transmission line between the towers. Note that the surveying method for obtaining the coordinates of the transmission line support point is not limited to this embodiment.

(Embodiment 2)
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the position where the transmission line support points A and B are set when the suspended insulator series 10 is attached to both the support arms 3 and 6 of the towers 1 and 2. . Since other points are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the two power transmission line support points A and B are set at the top of the suspension lever arm plate mounting bolt 52 that attaches the suspension lever arm plate 54 to each of the support arms 3 and 6. Then, survey the transmission line support points A and B. As a result, as in the first embodiment, the ultrashort laser beam irradiated to the transmission line support points A and B is irregularly reflected by the irregularities on the surface of the top of the mounting bolt 52, and has sufficient intensity for measurement. The reflected light enters the laser rangefinder 81. As a result, since the reflected light having a sufficient intensity for measurement is reflected from the reflection point, the horizontal distance and height difference between the transmission line support points A and B can be measured without using a retroreflective sheet.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using Embodiment 1, 2, this invention is not limited to these. In short, the surveying method between the transmission line support points according to the present invention does not use a retroreflective sheet, the worker does not climb the steel tower, and even between the transmission line support points even when the transmission line is in a live line state. The horizontal distance and height difference can be measured safely and efficiently.

1, 2 Steel tower 3-8 Support arm 9, 12, 13 Tensile insulator series
10, 14, 15 Suspended lever chain 11 Transmission line 20 Tip of support arm 21 Armature plate mounting bolt for tension lever 22 Nut
23 Armature plate for tension insulator 24 Mounting bolt for tension insulator 25 Nut 26, 27 U-shaped coupling bracket 28, 42 Tensile tension lever coupling bracket 44 Tensile clamp 51 End of support arm 52 Armrest for suspension lever Plate mounting bolt 53 Nut 54 Armature plate for suspension lever 55, 56 U-shaped connection bracket 57, 72 Suspension lever connection bracket 74 Suspension clamp 81 Laser rangefinder A, B Transmission line support point P ₀ Survey reference point
P ₁ and P ₂ observation points R ₀ , R ₁ and R ₂ surveying collimation points

Claims (5)

A distance measuring instrument that irradiates an electromagnetic beam having directivity and convergence to a survey target point, receives the reflected wave, and measures the distance to the survey target point and the vertical angle and horizontal angle of the electromagnetic beam. Use
A first observation point is defined on the ground where the first transmission line support point of the first steel tower can be seen, and the electromagnetic wave beam is transmitted from the range finder installed at the first observation point to the first transmission line. Irradiating a support point to determine the coordinates of the first transmission line support point by surveying,
Determining a second observation point on the ground through which the second transmission line support point of the second tower can be seen, and determining the coordinates of the second observation point by surveying based on the first observation point;
Irradiating the second power transmission line support point with the electromagnetic wave beam from the range finder installed at the second observation point to determine the coordinates of the second power transmission line support point by surveying,
From the coordinates of the first power transmission line support point and the coordinates of the second power transmission line support point, obtain the horizontal distance and height difference between those power transmission line support points,
The transmission line support point of the tower is a lower surface of a support arm of the tower to which an insulator for supporting the transmission line is attached or a lower surface of a fixing metal fitting to which the insulator is attached to the support arm. Survey method between.   The fixing bracket as the power transmission line support point is a bolt or a nut for fixing a metal plate fixed to the lower surface of the support arm, or a bolt or a nut for attaching the coupling connector of the insulator to the metal plate. The surveying method between the transmission line support points of the steel tower according to claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.   3. The tower according to claim 2, wherein the transmission line support point is set at a corner formed by a lower surface of the metal plate or the coupling metal and a top surface of the bolt or a side surface of the nut. Survey method between transmission line support points.   The said observation point is defined in the position which can see all the said power transmission line support points, when there exist several said power transmission line support points in one steel tower. A surveying method between transmission line support points of the steel tower described in item 1.   The surveying method between transmission line support points of a tower according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transmission line is a live charging line.

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