JP2012091307A - Machining device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machining device and method capable of machining a hole with high accuracy, while using a technique of machining a workpiece by reciprocating a machining tool in the horizontal direction.SOLUTION: The machining device 1 is configured to machine the hole formed on the workpiece W. The device includes: the machining tool 20 having a machining main shaft 21 and a drive mechanism 22 for reciprocating the machining main shaft 21 in the horizontal direction; a placing table 11 where the workpiece W is placed; a tailstock 13, which is connected with the placing table 11, and in which the tip side of the machining main shaft 21 comes into abutment to fix the position of the machining main shaft 21; a first turning mechanism for turning the placing table 11 centering around a shaft B extending in a vertical direction; and a second turning mechanism for turning the placing table 11 centering around an axis A perpendicular to the machining main shaft 21 on a horizontal plane.

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing apparatus and a processing method for processing a hole such as a journal hole in which a crankshaft or the like formed on a workpiece is disposed.

Conventionally, as a processing device used when machining a workpiece such as a cylinder block constituting a vehicle engine, a mounting table on which the workpiece is mounted, and the mounting table is moved in the vertical direction to adjust the height of the workpiece. A ball screw that adjusts the position in the direction, a processing tool that is arranged on the side of the workpiece placed on the mounting table and performs predetermined machining on the workpiece, and advancing and retreating that moves the machining tool horizontally with respect to the workpiece A device having a mechanism is widely used. According to the above processing apparatus, various processing such as boring and drilling can be performed on the side surface of the workpiece placed on the mounting table by appropriately replacing the processing tool according to the purpose of processing.
In machining the workpiece as described above, when machining a journal hole in which a crankshaft provided on a workpiece such as a cylinder block is disposed, a long-axis machining tool is used.

  By the way, in the conventional machining apparatus, the position adjustment of the workpiece in the height direction with respect to the machining tool is performed by the movement of the mounting table on which the workpiece is placed in the vertical direction or the movement of the machining tool in the vertical direction. However, since the mounting table and the processing tool on which the workpiece is mounted are both heavy and are greatly affected by gravity, there is a slight error when adjusting the position of the mounting table or the processing tool in the vertical direction. Prone to occur. In particular, when processing a hole such as a journal hole using a long-axis processing tool, the accuracy of the journal hole to be processed may be reduced due to such a slight error.

Accordingly, in order to perform machining with higher accuracy on the workpiece, a machining apparatus has been proposed in which a machining tool is disposed above the workpiece and the machining tool is moved up and down in the vertical direction to machine the upper surface of the workpiece. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
According to the processing apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, when adjusting the position of the workpiece with respect to the processing tool, it is not necessary to move the mounting table in the vertical direction, and the position adjustment of the workpiece with respect to the processing tool can be performed with high accuracy.

JP 2005-144475 A

  However, when the journal hole is processed by the processing apparatus proposed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to install a dedicated processing apparatus separately from the conventional processing apparatus used for other processing.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a machining apparatus and a machining method capable of machining a hole with high accuracy while using a technique for machining a workpiece by moving a machining tool back and forth in a horizontal direction.

  The present invention is a processing apparatus for processing a hole (for example, a journal hole described later) formed in a workpiece (for example, a cylinder block W described later), and is a processing device that extends in a horizontal direction (for example, a Z axis direction described later). A processing tool (for example, a processing tool 20 described later) having a main shaft (for example, a boring bar 21 described later) and a driving mechanism (for example, a driving mechanism 22 described later) for moving the processing main shaft back and forth is mounted. A tailstock (for example, described later) that is directly or indirectly connected to a mounting table (for example, a mounting table 11 described later) and a tip side of the processing spindle to fix the position of the processing spindle. A tail stock 13), a first rotation mechanism for rotating the mounting table about a shaft (for example, a first axis B described later) extending in a vertical direction (for example, a Y axis direction described later), and a horizontal plane The above Axis perpendicular to the main axis (e.g., the second axis A which will be described later) and a second rotating mechanism for rotating the mounting table about the concerns processing apparatus comprising a.

According to the present invention, the processing apparatus is configured by connecting the tailstock to the mounting table. Thus, by rotating the mounting table, the tail stock that fixes the position of the processing spindle can be rotated integrally with the workpiece mounted on the mounting table. Therefore, when the position where the hole is to be machined in the workpiece placed on the mounting table is slightly shifted, the position of the tailstock can be adjusted by rotating the mounting table to adjust the position of the workpiece. Fine adjustment of the position for machining the hole can be performed accurately.
Further, the position of the machining spindle and the position of the shaft of the second rotation mechanism are positioned at the same position on the horizontal plane. As a result, the position of machining the hole in the workpiece and the position of the axis of the second rotation mechanism can be matched on the horizontal plane, so the second rotation mechanism added to the workpiece when machining the hole. The moment in the rotation direction about the axis of the workpiece can be reduced, and the workpiece can be prevented from rotating.
Therefore, the hole can be machined with high accuracy while utilizing a technique for machining the workpiece by moving the machining tool back and forth in the horizontal direction.

  In this case, it is preferable that the processing apparatus further includes a pallet table (for example, a pallet table 40 described later) that is disposed between the workpiece and the mounting table and adjusts the vertical position of the workpiece.

  According to this invention, the pallet stand is disposed between the workpiece and the mounting table, and the position of the workpiece in the vertical direction is adjusted. Thereby, the position adjustment of the workpiece | work with respect to a processing tool can be performed, without moving the mounting base and processing tool which are heavy objects which receive the influence of gravity largely.

  In this case, it is preferable that the workpiece is an engine (for example, a cylinder block W described later), and the hole is a journal hole.

  According to this invention, the processing device is used for processing the journal hole of the engine. Therefore, the journal hole, which is a long hole formed in the engine, can be machined with high accuracy using a long-axis machining tool.

  The present invention includes a machining spindle (e.g., a boring bar 21 described below) extending in a horizontal direction (e.g., a Z-axis direction described below) and a drive mechanism (e.g., a driving mechanism 22 described below) that moves the machining spindle back and forth in the horizontal direction. A processing tool (for example, a processing tool 20 described later), a mounting table (for example, a mounting table 11 described later) on which a work (for example, a cylinder block W described later) is mounted, or directly or indirectly on the mounting table described above And a tail stock (for example, a tail stock 13 described later) that abuts the front end side of the processing main shaft and fixes the position of the processing main shaft, and a shaft (for example, a Y-axis direction described later) extending in the vertical direction ( For example, a first rotation mechanism that rotates the mounting table about a first axis B described later, and a front (for example, a second axis A described later) that is orthogonal to the processing main axis on a horizontal plane. Rotate the table A machining method for machining a hole formed in the workpiece using a machining device (for example, a journal hole machining device 1 described later) provided with a second rotation mechanism, and adjusting a vertical position of the workpiece. A pallet table (for example, a pallet table 40 described later) is disposed between the workpiece and the mounting table, and the position of the shaft of the second rotation mechanism and the position of machining the hole of the workpiece. And a processing method comprising a step of matching the two on a horizontal plane.

According to the present invention, the pallet table is disposed so as to be interposed between the workpiece and the mounting table, and the position of the shaft of the second rotation mechanism and the position where the hole of the workpiece is formed are made to coincide on the horizontal plane. Steps were provided. Thereby, the position adjustment of the workpiece | work with respect to a processing tool can be performed, without moving the mounting base and processing tool which are heavy objects which receive the influence of gravity largely.
Further, the position of the machining spindle and the position of the shaft of the second rotation mechanism are positioned at the same position on the horizontal plane. As a result, the position of machining the hole in the workpiece and the position of the axis of the second rotation mechanism can be matched on the horizontal plane, so the second rotation mechanism added to the workpiece when machining the hole. The moment in the rotation direction about the axis of the workpiece can be reduced, and the workpiece can be prevented from rotating.
Therefore, the hole can be machined with high accuracy while utilizing a technique for machining the workpiece by moving the machining tool back and forth in the horizontal direction.

According to the present invention, the processing apparatus is configured by connecting the tailstock to the mounting table. Thus, by rotating the mounting table, the tail stock that fixes the position of the processing spindle can be rotated integrally with the workpiece mounted on the mounting table. Therefore, when the position where the hole is to be machined in the workpiece placed on the mounting table is slightly shifted, the position of the tailstock can be adjusted by rotating the mounting table to adjust the position of the workpiece. Fine adjustment of the position for machining the hole can be performed accurately.
Further, the position of the machining spindle and the position of the shaft of the second rotation mechanism are positioned at the same position on the horizontal plane. As a result, the position of machining the hole in the workpiece and the position of the axis of the second rotation mechanism can be matched on the horizontal plane, so the second rotation mechanism added to the workpiece when machining the hole. The moment in the rotation direction about the axis of the workpiece can be reduced, and the workpiece can be prevented from rotating.
Therefore, the hole can be machined with high accuracy while utilizing a technique for machining the workpiece by moving the machining tool back and forth in the horizontal direction.

It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of the processing apparatus of this invention. It is a front view which shows the state which mounted the cylinder block in the processing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the procedure which processes the journal hole of a cylinder block. It is a figure explaining the procedure which processes the journal hole of a cylinder block, (A) is a side schematic diagram which shows the state which made the position of a 2nd axis | shaft vertical direction and the position of the vertical direction of a boring bar correspond. (B) is a side schematic diagram showing a state in which the cylinder block is placed on the placing table via a pallet table having a predetermined thickness.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a processing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a journal hole processing apparatus 1 as an embodiment of the processing apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state where the cylinder block W is placed on the journal hole machining apparatus 1 shown in FIG. In addition, illustration of a structure is abbreviate | omitted suitably for simplification of drawing.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a journal hole machining apparatus 1 as a preferred embodiment of the machining apparatus of the present invention is a journal hole which is a hole formed in a work such as a cylinder block W constituting a vehicle engine. Used when processing. The journal hole machining apparatus 1 is arranged on a vehicle production line.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the journal hole machining apparatus 1 includes a support device 10 that supports a cylinder block W as a workpiece, a machining tool 20 that includes a boring bar 21 as a machining spindle, and a support. The control apparatus 30 which controls operation | movement of the apparatus 10 and the processing tool 20, and the pallet stand 40 arrange | positioned between the cylinder block W and the support apparatus 10 are provided.

  The support device 10 includes a mounting table 11 on which the cylinder block W is mounted, a main body 12 that supports the mounting table 11 so as to be rotatable about a first axis B orthogonal to the upper surface of the mounting table 11, and A tail stock 13 connected to the main body 12 and a main body support (not shown) that supports the main body 12 so as to be rotatable about a second axis A that is orthogonal to the first axis B and extends in the horizontal direction. And a pair of ball screws (not shown) for moving the main body 12 in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) and changing the position of the cylinder block W mounted on the mounting table 11 in the vertical direction.

  The mounting table 11 is configured in a disc shape. A pallet table 40 is fixed to the upper surface of the mounting table 11, and the cylinder block W is fixed via the pallet table 40.

The main body portion 12 includes a first support portion 121 that supports the mounting table 11, a pair of second support portions 122 that are provided to be bent with respect to the first support portion 121 at both ends of the first support portion 121, A third support part 123 connected to one side part of the first support part 121 where the pair of second support parts 122 are not provided.
The first support portion 121 supports the mounting table 11 so as to be rotatable about the first axis B. More specifically, the mounting table 11 includes a first rotation mechanism (not shown) including a shaft member coaxial with the first shaft B and a motor that rotates the shaft member. It is supported by the support part 121.
The pair of second support parts 122 are bent in the direction in which the first axis B extends from both ends of the first support part 121 in the direction in which the second axis A extends.
The third support part 123 is connected to a side part extending along the second axis A in the first support part 121.

The tail stock 13 is fixed to the upper surface of the third support portion 123. In the present embodiment, the tail stock 13 is indirectly connected to the mounting table 11 via the main body 12 (the third support portion 123 and the first support portion 121). As shown in FIG. 1, the tail stock 13 includes a tail stock main body 131 and a contact portion 132 arranged on the upper end side of the tail stock main body 131.
The tailstock main body 131 is connected and fixed to the third support part 123. The contact portion 132 is a columnar member that extends in a direction orthogonal to the first axis B and orthogonal to the second axis A. The contact portion 132 is supported by the tailstock main body 131 so as to be able to advance and retract in the longitudinal direction. The distal end side of a boring bar 21 described later contacts the distal end of the contact portion 132.
The tail stock 13 described above fixes the position of the boring bar 21 by bringing the tip of the boring bar 21 into contact with the tip of the contact portion 132.

The main body support portion constitutes the base of the support device 10. The main body support portion supports the main body portion 12 so as to be rotatable about the second axis A on the distal end side of the pair of second support portions 122. Thereby, the mounting table 11 supported by the main body portion 12 (first support portion 121) is rotatable about the second axis A. That is, the main body portion 12 and the main body support portion function as a second rotation mechanism that rotates the mounting table 11 about the second axis A.
The pair of ball screws are attached to the main body support portion.

According to the above support device 10, the mounting table 11 can be rotated about the first axis B by operating the first rotation mechanism under the control of the control device 30. Further, by operating the second rotation mechanism under the control of the control device 30, the main body portion 12 is rotated about the second axis A, and the mounting table 11 is rotated about the second axis A. Be made. Further, the position of the mounting table 11 in the vertical direction can be changed by rotating the ball screw and moving the main body support portion in the vertical direction under the control of the control unit 30.
In this way, the control device 30 operates the first rotation mechanism, the second rotation mechanism, and the ball screw, so that the cylinder block W mounted on the mounting table 11 via the pallet table 40 is moved to a desired posture. Can be adjusted.

The processing tool 20 includes a boring bar 21 and a drive mechanism 22 that drives the boring bar 21.
The boring bar 21 includes a columnar shaft portion extending in the horizontal direction and a plurality of blade portions provided on the peripheral surface of the shaft portion. The boring bar 21 is disposed so that the extending direction of the shaft portion is horizontal and faces the direction (Z-axis direction) orthogonal to the second axis A described above. Further, the boring bar 21 is disposed so that the tip side faces one side surface of the cylinder block W mounted on the mounting table 11.
The drive mechanism 22 is connected to the base end side of the boring bar 21 and rotates a boring bar 21, an advance / retreat mechanism that moves the boring bar 21 back and forth in the Z-axis direction, and a horizontal axis that is perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. A moving mechanism for moving in the direction (X-axis direction) is provided.

According to the machining tool 20 described above, the boring bar 21 is arranged at a desired horizontal position by moving the boring bar 21 in the X-axis direction by the drive mechanism 22 (moving mechanism) under the control of the control device 30. it can. Further, the boring bar 21 is advanced by the drive mechanism 22 toward the cylinder block W until the tip end side of the boring bar 21 comes into contact with the tail stock 13 and is inserted into a journal hole formed in the cylinder block W. Then, the diameter of the journal hole can be processed to a predetermined size by further moving forward while rotating the boring bar 21.
When the boring bar 21 is moved forward while rotating, the abutting portion 132 of the tail stock 13 moves backward as the boring bar 21 moves forward.

  The control device 30 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that performs processing of each function of the support device 10 and the processing tool 20, a table that stores data, a memory that stores a program that executes each function, and the like (all not shown). It is comprised including.

  The pallet stand 40 has a thickness that matches the position of the second axis A and the position of machining the journal hole of the cylinder block W on the horizontal plane. The thickness of the pallet table 40 differs for each type of cylinder block W. The pallet stand 40 adjusts the position of the cylinder block W in the vertical direction with respect to the boring bar 21.

Next, a method for processing journal holes of the cylinder block W using the journal hole processing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for processing the journal hole of the cylinder block W. 4 (A) and 4 (B) are diagrams for explaining the procedure of machining the journal hole of the cylinder block W, and FIG. 4 (A) shows the position of the second axis A in the vertical direction and the boring bar. It is a side schematic diagram which shows the state which made the position of 21 the vertical direction correspond. FIG. 4B is a schematic side view showing a state in which the cylinder block W is placed on the placing table 11 via the pallet table 40 having a predetermined thickness.

  First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the support device 10 is moved in the vertical direction by a pair of ball screws, and the position of the second axis A and the position of the boring bar 21 are made to coincide on the horizontal plane (step (hereinafter referred to as “step”). And abbreviated as S.) 11).

Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, a pallet table 40 having a predetermined thickness is fixed to the upper surface of the mounting table 11, and the cylinder block W is mounted on the upper surface of the pallet table 40 (S12). Here, in the pallet table 40, the position where the journal hole is formed in the cylinder block W (the position where the journal hole is processed) is the second axis A in a state where the cylinder block W is placed on the upper surface of the pallet table 40. Thickness that matches the vertical position is used.
Thus, by interposing the pallet table 40 between the mounting table 11 and the cylinder block W, the position of the second axis A and the position of processing the journal hole of the cylinder block W are made to coincide on the horizontal plane. .

  In step S12, if necessary, the boring bar 21 is moved in the horizontal direction (X-axis direction) parallel to the second axis A by the drive mechanism 22 to adjust the horizontal position of the boring bar 21. At the same time, the mounting table 11 is rotated about the first axis B, or the main body 12 is rotated about the second axis A to adjust the posture of the cylinder block W.

Next, the boring bar 21 is advanced toward the cylinder block W by the drive mechanism 22 and inserted into the journal hole until the tip side of the boring bar 21 contacts the tail stock 13. Thereby, the position of the boring bar 21 is fixed.
Next, the driving mechanism 22 further advances the boring bar 21 while rotating it. Further, the abutting portion 132 of the tail stock 13 is retracted as the boring bar 21 advances. Thereby, the diameter of the journal hole is processed into a predetermined size (S13).

  According to the journal hole processing apparatus 1 and the journal hole processing method of the present embodiment described above, the following effects are obtained.

The processing apparatus 1 was configured by connecting the tailstock 13 to the mounting table 11. Accordingly, by rotating the mounting table 11, the tail stock 13 that fixes the position of the boring bar 21 can be rotated integrally with the cylinder block W mounted on the mounting table 11. Therefore, when the position for processing the journal hole in the cylinder block W mounted on the mounting table 11 is slightly shifted, the position of the cylinder block W is adjusted by rotating the mounting table 11 to adjust the tail stock 13. Therefore, the position where the journal hole in the cylinder block W is machined can be finely adjusted.
Further, the position of the boring bar 21 and the position of the second axis A were positioned at the same position on the horizontal plane. Thus, the position of the journal hole in the cylinder block W and the position of the second axis A can be matched on the horizontal plane, so that the second added to the cylinder block W when the journal hole is processed. The moment in the direction of rotation about the axis A can be reduced, and the cylinder block W can be prevented from rotating.
Therefore, the journal hole can be machined with high accuracy while utilizing a technique for machining the cylinder block W by moving the machining tool 20 back and forth in the horizontal direction.

  Further, the pallet table 40 was disposed between the cylinder block W and the mounting table 11 to adjust the vertical position of the cylinder block W. Thereby, the position of the cylinder block W with respect to the processing tool 20 can be adjusted without moving the mounting table 11 and the processing tool 20 that are heavy objects and greatly affected by gravity.

  Further, the present invention is applied to a journal hole processing apparatus that processes the journal holes of the cylinder block W. Therefore, the journal hole, which is a long hole formed in the cylinder block W, can be processed with high accuracy using the boring bar 21 that is a long-axis processing tool.

  Further, the pallet table 40 is disposed so as to be interposed between the cylinder block W and the mounting table 11, and the position of the second axis A and the position of processing the journal hole of the cylinder block W are made to coincide on the horizontal plane. Step (S12) was provided. As a result, the position of the journal hole in the cylinder block W and the position of the second axis A can be matched on the horizontal plane, so that the second rotation mechanism loaded against the journal hole is processed. The moment in the rotation direction about the axis of the workpiece can be reduced, and the workpiece can be prevented from rotating. Therefore, the journal hole can be machined with high accuracy while utilizing a technique for machining the workpiece by moving the machining tool back and forth in the horizontal direction.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented in various forms.
For example, in the present embodiment, the pallet table 40 has a certain thickness that differs for each type of cylinder block W, but the thickness of the pallet table 40 is not limited to this. That is, the pallet stand 40 may include an elevating mechanism (not shown) that moves the cylinder block W in the vertical direction. In this case, the elevating mechanism operates under the control of the control device 30, and makes the position of the second axis A coincide with the position where the journal hole of the cylinder block W is formed on the horizontal plane.

  This eliminates the need for a pallet base having a different thickness for each type of cylinder block W. Therefore, since one pallet base can be applied to a plurality of types of cylinder blocks, the number of equipment used when forming journal holes in a plurality of types of cylinder blocks W can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the tailstock 13 is indirectly connected to the mounting table 11 via the main body 12, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the tail stock may be directly connected to the mounting table 11.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, although this invention was applied to the journal hole processing apparatus 1 which processes the journal hole of the cylinder block W as a workpiece | work, it is not restricted to this. That is, the present invention may be applied to a journal hole processing apparatus that processes a journal hole of a cylinder head or a crankcase as a workpiece.

1 Journal hole processing device (processing device)
11 Mounting Table 12 Main Body 13 Tail Stock 20 Machining Tool 21 Boring Bar (Machining Spindle)
22 Drive mechanism 40 Pallet stand A 2nd axis B 1st axis W Cylinder block (workpiece)

Claims (4)

A processing device for processing holes formed in a workpiece,
A machining tool having a machining spindle extending in the horizontal direction and a drive mechanism for moving the machining spindle back and forth;
A mounting table on which the workpiece is mounted;
A tailstock that is directly or indirectly connected to the mounting table, and that fixes the position of the processing spindle by contacting the tip side of the processing spindle;
A first rotation mechanism for rotating the mounting table about an axis extending in the vertical direction;
A processing apparatus comprising: a second rotation mechanism configured to rotate the mounting table about an axis orthogonal to the processing main axis on a horizontal plane.   The processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pallet table that is interposed between the workpiece and the mounting table and adjusts a vertical position of the workpiece.   The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is an engine, and the hole is a journal hole. A machining spindle extending in the horizontal direction and a machining tool having an advancing / retreating mechanism for advancing and retreating the machining spindle, a placing table on which a workpiece is placed, and a front end side of the machining spindle is directly or indirectly connected to the placing table. A tail stock that abuts to fix the position of the processing spindle, a first rotation mechanism that rotates the mounting table about an axis extending in the vertical direction, and an axis that is perpendicular to the processing spindle on a horizontal plane. A machining method for machining a hole formed in the workpiece using a machining apparatus comprising: a second rotation mechanism for rotating the mounting table;
A pallet table for adjusting the vertical position of the workpiece is disposed between the workpiece and the mounting table, and the position of the shaft of the second rotating mechanism and the position of the hole of the workpiece are formed. And a processing method comprising the step of matching them on a horizontal plane.

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