JP2012032138A - Ventilator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To adjust a desired concentration of gas by a simple constitution, and to alleviate a thermal load at the adjustment of the gas concentration, in a ventilator which adjusts the indoor gas concentration adjusted in temperature.SOLUTION: This ventilator includes a casing 10 in which an inside temperature is adjusted, gas concentration detectors 12-14 which detect concentrations of specified kinds of gases in the casing 10, a passage forming member 22 which forms an outside air passage 22 where outside air flows and an inside air passage 23 where inside air present inside the casing 10 flows, a permeable film 24 which selectively allows gas to permeate itself between the side of the outside air passage 22 and the side of the inside air passage 23, ventilating means 25-28 which generate at least one hand of the flow of outside air in the outside air passage 22 or the flow of the inside air in the inside air passage 23, and a control means 50 which performs the ventilation control by the ventilating means 25-28. The control means 50 controls the flow of at least either the outside air or the inside air by the ventilating means 25-28 based on the gas concentrations detected by the gas concentration detectors 12-14.

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilator that adjusts a temperature-adjusted indoor gas concentration, and can be suitably used particularly for a container that stores fruits and vegetables (vegetables and fruits).

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, ventilators that adjust a temperature-adjusted indoor gas concentration are known. For example, in refrigerators and freezers that store fruits and vegetables, the freshness of fruits and vegetables is maintained by adjusting the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration by MA (Modified Atmosphere) or CA (Controlled Atmosphere).

  For MA, oxygen or carbon dioxide is supplied indoors through a direct method in which outside air is directly supplied into the room for ventilation (see Patent Document 1) and a packaging material having a predetermined oxygen transmission rate and carbon dioxide transmission rate. There is an indirect method (see Patent Document 2), and the indirect method is called MA packaging. CA is a method for controlling the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the room using adsorption separation and membrane separation, and is called CA storage (see Patent Document 3).

JP 2008-50027 A JP-A-6-11235 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-85287

  However, in the direct method described in Patent Document 1, since all the gases containing nitrogen in the room are replaced, the room temperature greatly fluctuates, and the heat load for adjusting the room temperature again increases. In addition, although the optimum oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration differ depending on the type of fruits and vegetables, the gas permeation rate depends on the type of packaging material in the indirect method described in Patent Document 2, and therefore the packaging material is changed depending on the type of fruits and vegetables. There is a need. Further, in the CA storage described in Patent Document 3, since a pressurization pump and a decompression pump are used to obtain a desired gas concentration, the running cost is increased and the apparatus becomes complicated.

  In view of the above points, the present invention provides a ventilator for adjusting a temperature-adjusted indoor gas concentration, enabling a desired gas concentration to be adjusted with a simple configuration, and reducing a thermal load during gas concentration adjustment. Objective.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the casing (10) in which the temperature of the inside air existing inside is adjusted, and the concentration of a specific type of gas in the casing (10) A gas concentration detecting means (12, 13, 14) for detecting the outside, a flow path forming an outside air flow path (21) through which the outside air flows and an inside air flow path (22) through which the inside air existing in the housing (10) flows. The outside air flow path (21) such that the forming member (22) and one surface are in contact with the outside air of the outside air flow path (21) and the other surface is in contact with the inside air of the inside air flow path (22). And a permeation membrane (24) that is disposed at the boundary between the internal air flow path (22) and selectively transmits gas between the outside air flow path (21) side and the internal air flow path (22) side, Flow of outside air in the outside air flow path (21) or flow of inside air in the inside air flow path (22) Blower means (25, 26, 27, 28) for generating at least one, and control means (50) for performing air blow control by the blower means (25, 26, 27, 28), the control means (50) Performs air flow control of at least one of the outside air and the inside air by the air blowing means (25, 26, 27, 28) based on the gas concentration detected by the gas concentration detection (12, 13, 14). It is said.

  As described above, by using the permeable membrane (24), it is possible to move only the gas (for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor) in which the concentration difference is generated between the outside air and the inside air. This prevents or reduces the movement of gas (for example, nitrogen) that does not have a difference in concentration between the outside air and the inside air, so that the temperature-controlled inside air can be prevented from being released to the outside air more than necessary, and the entire apparatus The heat load can be reduced.

  Further, by controlling the air volume of the outside air or the inside air using the gas concentration detected by the gas concentration detection means (12, 13, 14), the concentration of a specific type of gas in the housing (10) is adjusted to a desired range. can do. Thereby, even if the object accommodated in the housing | casing (10) changes, the specific kind of gas density | concentration in a housing | casing (10) can be hold | maintained in the range suitable for the accommodation object. Furthermore, in the present invention, since the gas moves through the permeable membrane (24) due to the concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air, at least one flow of the outside air or the inside air is generated by the blowing means (25, 26, 26, 27). The gas concentration in the housing (10) can be adjusted with a simple configuration.

  Further, in the invention described in claim 2, an inside air circulation blower (11) for circulating inside air in the casing (10) is provided, and a flow of inside air is generated in the inside air flow path (22). The blowing means (27) for generating the internal air flow in the internal air flow path (22) by introducing the flow of the internal air generated by the internal air circulation blower (11) into the internal air flow path (22). It is characterized by.

  Thereby, the inside air blower provided with motive power can be omitted, and the configuration of the ventilation device can be simplified.

  In the invention according to claim 3, the blower means (26) for generating the flow of the inside air in the inside air flow path (22) is a drive for rotating the blower fan (26a) and the blower fan (26a). Means (26b), and a blower means (28) for generating a flow of outside air in the outside air flow path (21) is connected to the driving means (26b) transmitted via a power transmission member (29). It is characterized by generating a flow of outside air through the outside air flow path (21) by being rotated by a rotational driving force.

  Thereby, the external air blower provided with motive power can be omitted, and the configuration of the air blowing means for generating the flow of the external air can be simplified.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the permeable membrane (24) has a hole having a hole diameter equal to or smaller than an average free path of the specific type of gas.

  Thereby, it is possible to selectively permeate only gas having a concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air without depending on the pressure difference between the outside air and the inside air.

  Further, the invention according to claim 5 includes a condenser (30) for exchanging heat between the high-temperature refrigerant and the outside air, and an evaporator (31) for exchanging heat between the low-temperature refrigerant and the inside air, wherein the outside air blowing means (25) A condenser fan that blows outside air to the condenser (30), and the inside air blowing means (26) is an evaporator fan that blows inside air to the evaporator (31).

  Thereby, outside air and inside air can be supplied to the permeable membrane (24) using an existing device, and the configuration of the ventilation device can be simplified.

  In the invention described in claim 6, the permeable membrane (24) is provided on the air flow downstream side of the evaporator (31) and on the air flow upstream side of the condenser (30). It is said.

  Thus, by providing the permeable membrane (24) on the upstream side of the air flow of the condenser (30), the outside air before being heated by the condenser (30) can be supplied to the permeable membrane (24). Thereby, the temperature difference between the outside air and the inside air existing through the permeable membrane (24) can be reduced to reduce the heat loss, and the reduction in system efficiency can be suppressed.

  In the invention described in claim 7, the permeable membrane (24) is provided on the downstream side of the air flow of the evaporator (31) and on the downstream side of the air flow of the capacitor (30). A bypass channel (35) for bypassing (30) and supplying outside air to the outside air channel (22) is provided.

  In this way, by providing the bypass channel (35) that bypasses the capacitor (30) and supplies the outside air to the outside air channel (22), a permeable membrane (on the downstream side of the capacitor (30) air flow ( 24) The outside air can be supplied without being affected by the heat of the condenser (30). Thereby, the temperature difference between the outside air and the inside air existing through the permeable membrane (24) can be reduced to reduce the heat loss, and the reduction in system efficiency can be suppressed.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each said means shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

It is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of a permeable membrane. It is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation apparatus of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the permeable membrane unit of 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the permeable membrane unit of 3rd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation apparatus of 4th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation apparatus of 5th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation apparatus of 6th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation apparatus of 7th Embodiment.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a configuration of a ventilation device 1 according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the ventilation device 1 includes a housing 10 that can store an object to be stored therein. The casing 10 of the present embodiment is configured as a refrigerator, a freezer or a freezing container for storing fruits and vegetables, and although not shown, an air conditioner for adjusting the inside air to a desired temperature is provided. The air conditioner can use a well-known refrigeration cycle for cooling the air-conditioned air, and can use a well-known heater (such as an electric type or a combustion type) for heating the air-conditioned air.

The case 10 is provided with an inside air circulation blower 11 for circulating the inside air throughout the inside of the case 10. Further, the housing 10 includes an O ₂ sensor 12 for detecting the oxygen concentration in the inside air, a CO ₂ sensor 13 for detecting the carbon dioxide concentration in the inside air, and a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the inside air. 14 is provided.

  The casing 10 is provided with a permeable membrane unit 20. The permeable membrane unit 20 is provided with a flow path forming member 21 that forms an external air flow path 22 and an internal air flow path 23. The flow path forming member 21 is provided so as to straddle the outside and the inside of the housing 10 with the wall surface of the housing 10 as a boundary. A permeable membrane 24 is provided at the boundary between the outside air passage 22 and the inside air passage 23. That is, a part of the wall surface of the housing 10 is the permeable membrane 24. In the outside air flow path 22, the outside air existing outside the housing 10 can flow along the surface of the permeable membrane 24, and in the inside air flow path 23, the inside air existing in the housing 10 is placed on the surface of the permeable membrane 24. Can flow along.

  The permeable membrane 24 is easy to permeate gases of different concentrations (for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor) between the membranes, but is difficult to permeate gases of other types of components that have no concentration difference (for example, nitrogen). Is. As a material of the permeable membrane 24, a gas permeable polymer membrane such as silicone, a cellophane, a ceramic porous body, a nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used. The permeable membrane 24 selectively contacts a specific type of gas between the outside air and the inside air by the outside air contacting the surface exposed to the outside air flow path 22 and the inside air contacting the surface exposed to the inside air flow path 23. Can be transmitted.

  Further, the permeable membrane 24 is configured to exhibit the permeation performance by the difference between the concentration in the inside air and the concentration in the outside air in a specific type of gas (for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor). The permeation film 24 does not provide a large pressure difference between the inside air side and the outside air side by means of a differential pressure generating means such as a vacuum pump, that is, even when there is no differential pressure between the inside air and the outside air. The permeation performance of the membrane 24 is exhibited.

  For example, by laminating plate-like plates or flat membranes that are folded, the permeable membrane 24 can increase the surface area per volume of the permeable membrane 24 and improve the permeation performance. Although not shown, the permeable membrane 24 is laminated with a support made of ceramic, fiber, porous metal, porous resin, resin screen mesh, or the like. Since the permeable membrane 24 is thin in order to facilitate gas permeation, the permeable membrane 24 is supported by a support and supplemented with strength.

In the permeable membrane 24 of the present embodiment, the surface and internal pore diameters are equal to or less than the average free path of the permeation target gases (O ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O). The mean free path is the distance traveled between collisions of gas molecules and the next collision, and depends on the type of gas molecules. Thereby, when the gas is allowed to permeate the permeable membrane 24, the Knudsen flow is dominant in the flow of the gas that permeates the membrane. The “Knusen flow” refers to a gas flow that is so dilute that the movement of molecules becomes a problem, and has a feature that the gas permeation rate depends on the molecular weight. Moreover, “Knusen flow is dominant” means that the gas permeation rate becomes dependent on the molecular weight.

The flow of gas passing through the permeable membrane 24 changes from a viscous flow to a Knudsen flow to a dissolved diffusion flow as the pore diameter of the permeable membrane 24 decreases. The pore diameter at which the Knudsen flow is generated has a lower limit of about 1 nm of the molecular size and an upper limit of about 50 nm which is equal to or less than the mean free path of the permeation target gases (O ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O).

Since the viscous flow flows from a higher pressure to a lower pressure, the direction of gas flow is determined by the pressure difference between the outside air and the inside air (difference in total pressure). For this reason, even a gas (for example, N ₂ ) having no concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air will permeate the selection film 24 due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside air, and there is a concentration difference (difference in partial pressure) between the outside air and the inside air. Only gas (for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor) cannot be selectively permeated.

On the other hand, in the Knudsen flow, the molecules collide with the wall surfaces in the pores of the membrane before the molecules collide with each other, so there is no influence of the pressure difference between the outside air and the inside air, and there is a concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air. Only (for example, O ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O) can be selectively transmitted. Therefore, by setting the pore diameter of the permeable membrane 24 to be equal to or less than the average free path of the permeation target gas (O ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O), only gas having a difference in concentration between the outside air and the inside air is selectively permeated. be able to.

  In the dissolved diffusion flow, gas molecules dissolve on the upstream surface of the membrane and move in the downstream direction by molecular diffusion, so that they are not affected by the pressure difference between the outside air and the inside air, but as the pore size of the membrane becomes smaller , The speed of the gas passing through the membrane is reduced. For this reason, in order to ensure the gas permeation rate, it is desirable to increase the pore diameter of the permeable membrane 24, and it is desirable to increase it to at least the molecular size of 1 nm.

  The outside air flow path 22 is provided with an outside air blower 25 for generating a flow of outside air. The inside air flow path 23 is provided with an inside air blower 26 for generating a flow of inside air. These blowers 25 and 26 have a compression ratio of less than 2 among fluid machines that give kinetic energy to gas or increase pressure, and are specifically fans and blowers. These blowers 25 and 26 include a blower fan and a motor that rotationally drives the blower fan.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the outside air in the outside air passage 22 flows from left to right, and the inside air in the inside air passage 23 flows from right to left. In addition, although the flow which the inside air circulates by the inside air circulation blower 11 is generated inside the housing 10, when the inside air blower 26 is not operating, the inside air flow path 23 does not generate the inside air flow. It is like that.

  When the outside air blower 25 or the inside air blower 26 is not in operation, the gas stays in the vicinity of the surface of the permeable membrane 24, the gas concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air becomes small, and the gas permeation does not proceed. For this reason, by operating at least one of the outside air blower 25 or the inside air blower 26, gas retention near the surface of the permeable membrane 24 can be eliminated, and gas permeation can be advanced.

The ventilation device 1 is provided with a control unit 50. The control unit 50 is composed of a well-known microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM and the like and its peripheral circuits, and performs various calculations and processing based on a control program stored in the ROM, and is connected to the output side. Control the operation of various devices. The controller 50 receives sensor signals from the O ₂ sensor 12, the CO ₂ sensor 13, and the humidity sensor 14. And the control part 50 outputs a control signal to the external air blower 25 and the internal air blower 26 based on these sensor signals, and performs ventilation control.

  Since the fruits and vegetables breathe even after being stored in the housing 10, the inside of the housing 10 has a lower oxygen concentration and a higher carbon dioxide concentration than the atmosphere. It is known that fruits and vegetables can suppress respiration in a state where the oxygen concentration is low and the carbon dioxide concentration is high, and the freshness can be maintained for a long time. On the other hand, if the oxygen concentration is excessively low, abnormalities in the metabolism of fruits and vegetables may occur, which may lead to a taste or odor or decay. In addition, fruits and vegetables contain a large amount of moisture, and when stored in the housing 10, the moisture released from the fruits and vegetables often increases the relative humidity in the housing 10. If the relative humidity in the housing 10 is too high, condensation occurs, and if it is too low, the fruits and vegetables are deflated. Both states are not preferable for maintaining the freshness of the fruits and vegetables. From the above, it is necessary to adjust the oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and humidity in the housing 10 within desired ranges suitable for storage of fruits and vegetables.

The optimum oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and humidity differ depending on the type of fruits and vegetables. For example, bananas are desirably stored within a range of 2 to 5% oxygen, 2 to 5% carbon dioxide, and 90 to 95% relative humidity. Strawberries are desirably stored within a range of 5 to 10% oxygen concentration, 15 to 20% carbon dioxide concentration, and 90 to 95% relative humidity. Mango is preferably stored in an oxygen concentration range of 3-5%, a carbon dioxide concentration of 5-10%, and a relative humidity of 85-90%. For this reason, in this embodiment, the control part 50 controls the air volume of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 based on the sensor signals of the O ₂ sensor 12, the CO ₂ sensor 13, and the humidity sensor 14, so The carbon concentration and relative humidity are adjusted.

  Hereinafter, the ventilation control of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 executed by the control unit 50 will be described. This control is executed according to a control program stored in the ROM or the like of the control unit 50.

  Here, an example is shown in which bananas are used as the objects to be stored, but the control method changes if the type of fruits or vegetables changes. Changes in the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration in the case of using this membrane change while satisfying the following equations.

Oxygen concentration + carbon dioxide concentration ≒ 21%
For example, when the oxygen concentration is 15%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 6%. On the other hand, the lower limit of oxygen concentration and the upper limit of carbon dioxide concentration that cause banana damage are 1% and 7%, respectively (source: GUIDE to FOOD TRANSPORT, 1.Controlled Atmosphere, publisher: Mercantila Publishers). Therefore, the concentration range (oxygen concentration: 2-5%, carbon dioxide concentration: 2-5%) necessary for maintaining the freshness of bananas and the concentration range (oxygen concentration: less than 1%, carbon dioxide concentration: more than 7%) ) And the balance will determine which is the focus. In the case of bananas, control will be focused on the carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, in the ventilation system using this membrane, it is necessary to make the carbon dioxide concentration 2 to 5% and the oxygen concentration 16 to 19%.

  Hereinafter, an example of the blower control of the blowers 25 and 26 when the banana is stored in the ventilation device 1 of the present embodiment will be described.

First, it is determined whether or not the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the CO ₂ sensor 13 has reached the upper limit of the desired range (5% for bananas). As a result, when the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the upper limit of the desired range, the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 are operated to supply outside air and inside air to both surfaces of the permeable membrane 24. The amount of air blown by the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 may be adjusted (for example, ON-OFF control, PID control) based on the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the CO ₂ sensor 13.

As a result, the carbon dioxide gas moves from the inside air having a high carbon dioxide concentration to the outside air having a low carbon dioxide concentration through the permeable membrane 24, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the housing 10 is lowered. At this time, with respect to other gases (CO ₂ , H ₂ O) in which a difference in concentration is generated between the outside air and the inside air, the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 are operated so that the space between the outside air and the inside air is increased. The density difference becomes smaller.

  After starting the operation of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26, it is determined whether or not the carbon dioxide concentration has reached the lower limit of the desired range (2% in the case of bananas). As a result, when the carbon dioxide concentration reaches the lower limit of the desired range, the operation of both or one of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 is stopped. Thereby, the gas movement between the outside air and the inside air through the permeable membrane 24 is stopped, and the decrease in the carbon dioxide concentration in the housing 10 is stopped. Thereafter, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the housing 10 increases due to the respiration of fruits and vegetables, the above processing is repeated.

  Next, when the carbon dioxide concentration is within a desired range (2 to 5% for bananas) and the oxygen concentration is within the desired range (16 to 19% for bananas), the humidity sensor 14 It is determined whether or not the humidity detected in (1) exceeds the upper limit of the desired range (95% for bananas). As a result, when the humidity exceeds the upper limit of the desired range, the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 are operated to supply outside air and inside air to both surfaces of the permeable membrane 24. The amount of air blown by the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 may be adjusted based on the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 14. Specifically, the greater the difference between the humidity detected by the humidity sensor 14 and the upper limit value of the desired range, the greater the amount of air blown by the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 in order to increase the molecular exchange efficiency in the permeable membrane 24. That's fine.

As a result, the water vapor moves from the inside air having a high humidity to the outside air having a low humidity through the permeable membrane 24, and the humidity in the housing 10 is lowered. At this time, also for other gases (O ₂ , CO ₂ ) in which a difference in concentration is generated between the outside air and the inside air, the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 are operated to activate the outside air and the inside air. The density difference becomes smaller.

  When the outside air is higher than the inside air humidity, the humidity inside the housing 10 cannot be reduced even if the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 are operated. Therefore, the outside air humidity is detected. In addition to the humidity of the inside air exceeding the upper limit of the desired range, the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 are operated when the outside air is lower in humidity than the inside air humidity. May be.

  After starting the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26, it is determined whether or not the humidity has reached the lower limit value of the desired range (95% in the case of bananas). As a result, when the humidity reaches the lower limit value of the desired range, the operation of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 is stopped. Thereby, the gas movement between the outside air and the inside air through the permeable membrane 24 is stopped, and the decrease in the humidity in the housing 10 is stopped. Thereafter, when the humidity in the housing 10 increases due to the evaporation of moisture from the fruits and vegetables, the above process is repeated.

  Further, during the operation of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26, the permeation of the gas through the permeable membrane 24 is promoted by making the flow rate of the outside air generated by the outside air blower 25 different from the flow rate of the inside air generated by the inside air blower 26. be able to. Hereinafter, this point will be described.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the flow of outside air in the outside air flow path 22 and the flow of inside air in the inside air flow path 23. In the example shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the flow rate Q2 of the internal air flowing through the internal air flow channel 23 is larger than the flow rate Q1 of the external air flowing through the external air flow channel 22, and is higher than the static pressure P1 of the external air flow channel 22. The static pressure P2 of the inside air passage 23 is higher. Thus, when the flow rate Q1 of the outside air is different from the flow rate Q2 of the inside air and the static pressure P1 of the outside air flow path 22 is different from the static pressure P2 of the inside air flow path 23, as shown by the broken line in FIG. A vertical flow can be generated on the 24 surfaces. Thereby, the stay of gas near the surface of the permeable membrane 24 is reduced or eliminated, the molecular exchange efficiency of the permeable membrane 24 can be improved, and gas permeation can be promoted.

According to the present embodiment described above, by using the permeable membrane 24, it is possible to move only gases (O ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O) having a concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air. As a result, there is no movement of a gas (for example, N ₂ ) that has no difference in concentration between the outside air and the inside air, so that the inside air that has been temperature adjusted (cooled in this embodiment) is released to the outside more than necessary. This can prevent the heat load of the ventilator 1.

Further, in the present embodiment, by controlling the air volume of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air blower 26 based on the sensor signals of the O ₂ sensor 12, the CO ₂ sensor 13, and the humidity sensor 14, the oxygen concentration in the housing 10, the dioxide dioxide Carbon concentration and humidity can be adjusted to desired ranges. Thereby, even if the kind of fruit and vegetables accommodated in the housing | casing 10 is changed, the oxygen concentration in a housing | casing 10 and a carbon dioxide concentration and humidity can be hold | maintained in the range suitable for the kind of fruit and vegetables.

  In the present embodiment, since the gas moves through the permeable membrane 24 due to the concentration difference between the outside air and the inside air, the flow of the outside air and the inside air is generated by the blowers 25 and 26, and the inside of the housing 10 is simplified. The gas concentration can be adjusted.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment will be omitted, and only different parts will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation device 1 of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, in the second embodiment, the room air flow passage 23 is not provided in the room air flow path 23, and the room air flow path switching door 27 is provided at the inlet of the room air flow path 23. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the flow of the inside air generated by the inside air circulation blower 11 is counterclockwise. For this reason, in the inside air flow path 23 arrange | positioned at the upper part of the housing | casing 10, the right side is an inlet part and the left side is an outlet part.

  The inside air flow path switching door 27 is configured to be rotatable by a motor. When the inside air flow path switching door 27 is in the closed position indicated by the broken line in FIG. 3, the flow of the inside air generated by the inside air circulation blower 11 is not introduced into the inside air passage 23. On the other hand, when the inside air flow path switching door 27 is in the open position indicated by the solid line in FIG. 3, the flow of the inside air generated by the inside air circulation blower 11 is introduced into the inside air flow path 23. Further, by adjusting the opening / closing angle of the inside air flow path switching door 27, the flow rate of the inside air flowing through the inside air flow path 23 can be adjusted. That is, by increasing the open / close angle of the internal air flow path switching door 27, the flow rate of the internal air flowing through the internal air flow path 23 can be increased, and by reducing the open / close angle of the internal air flow path switch door 27, the internal air flow The flow rate of the inside air flowing in the path 23 can be reduced.

The inside air flow path switching door 27 is operated by a control signal output from the control unit 50. That is, in the second embodiment, the control unit 50 performs opening / closing control of the outside air blower 25 and the inside air flow path switching door 27 based on the sensor signals of the O ₂ sensor 12, the CO ₂ sensor 13, and the humidity sensor 14. It is configured.

  According to the second embodiment described above, by using the flow of the internal air generated by the internal air circulation blower 11, the powered internal air blower 26 can be omitted, and the configuration of the ventilation device 1 is simplified. can do.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the third embodiment, the configuration of the outside air blower 25 is different from those in the above embodiments. Hereinafter, description of the same parts as those in the above embodiments will be omitted, and only different parts will be described.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the permeable membrane unit 20 of the third embodiment, and corresponds to a modification of the first embodiment in which the inside air blower 26 is provided. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the inside air blower 26 includes a blower fan 26a, a motor 26b that rotationally drives the blower fan 26a, and a drive gear portion 26c provided on a drive shaft of the motor 26b. The outside air blower 28 includes a blower fan 28a and a driven gear portion 28b. The outside air blower 28 of the third embodiment does not have a motor, and is configured as a blower fan that operates in accordance with the inside air blower 26.

  Furthermore, a power transmission member 29 for transmitting the rotational driving force of the motor 26 b of the inside air blower 26 to the outside air blower 28 is provided. The power transmission member 29 includes a rotating shaft 29a and gear portions 29b and 29c provided at both ends thereof. The rotation shaft 29 a of the power transmission member 29 is provided so as to straddle the outside air passage 22 and the inside air passage 23. The inside air gear portion 29b provided at the end of the rotating shaft 29a on the inside air flow path 23 side meshes with the drive gear portion 26c of the inside air blower 26, and the outside air side provided at the end on the outside air flow passage 22 side. The gear part 29 c meshes with the driven gear part 28 b of the outside air blower 28.

  With this configuration, when the inside air blower 26 is activated, the motor 26b of the inside air blower 26 can rotationally drive the blower fan 26a of the inside air blower 26 and simultaneously drive the outside air blower 28. As a result, an internal air flow is generated in the internal air flow path 23, and an external air flow is generated in the external air flow path 22.

  FIG. 5 shows another example of the cross-sectional configuration of the permeable membrane unit 20 of the third embodiment, and corresponds to a modification of the second embodiment in which the inside air blower 26 is not provided. The example shown in FIG. 5 differs from the example shown in FIG. 4 in the configuration of the power transmission member 29. The power transmission member 29 of FIG. 5 is provided with a fan 29d that rotates in response to the flow of the inside air at the end of the rotating shaft 29a on the inside air flow path 23 side. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the power transmission member 29 rotates using the fluid energy of the inside air flowing through the inside air flow path 23 as a driving force, and the outside air blower 28 is driven to rotate. As a result, an internal air flow is generated in the internal air flow path 23, and an external air flow is generated in the external air flow path 22.

  According to the third embodiment described above, the outside air blower 25 equipped with power (motor) can be omitted, and the configuration of the blowing means that generates the flow of outside air can be simplified. In the configuration shown in FIG. 4, the relationship between the devices provided in the outside air passage 22 and the inside air passage 23 may be reversed. That is, an outside air blower 25 having a motor is provided in the outside air flow path 22, an inside air blower without a motor is provided in the inside air flow path 23, and the rotational driving force of the outside air blower 25 is transmitted to the inside air blower via the power transmission member 29. What should I do?

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, description of the same parts as those in the above embodiments will be omitted, and only different parts will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the ventilator 1 of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the ventilation device 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a capacitor 30 and an evaporator 31 that constitute a refrigeration cycle. The condenser 30 is disposed in the outside air introduction passage 32 through which outside air is introduced, and the evaporator 31 is disposed in the inside air circulation passage 33 through which the inside air passes. The outside air passing through the outside air introduction flow path 32 increases its temperature by exchanging heat with the high-temperature refrigerant in the condenser 30, and the inside air passing through the inside air circulation flow path 33 is heat-exchanged with the low-temperature refrigerant by the evaporator 31 and decreases in temperature.

  In the present embodiment, the outside air introduction flow path 32 is provided at the lower corner of the housing 10. Although not shown, the compressor of the refrigeration cycle and the like are installed in the space below the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the capacitor 30 and the evaporator 31 are disposed substantially horizontally in the vicinity of the right side wall of the housing 10, and the evaporator 31 is inclined slightly downward toward the right side wall. The evaporator 31 is located above the capacitor 30.

  In this embodiment, the outside air blower 25 is configured as a condenser fan that blows outside air to the capacitor 30, and the inside air blower 26 is configured as a radiator fan that blows inside air to the radiator 31. The outside air blower 25 is provided on the downstream side of the air flow of the condenser 30, and outside air sucked by the outside air blower 25 is supplied to the condenser 30. The inside air blower 26 is provided on the upstream side of the air flow of the evaporator 31, and the inside air pushed out from the inside air blower 26 is supplied to the evaporator 31. In addition, the ventilation apparatus 1 of this embodiment is comprised as a freezing container. For this reason, the inside air always passes through the evaporator 31 and is cooled.

  A partition wall 34 is provided inside the housing 10 so as to partition the inside of the box where the inside air circulates and the outside of the box where the outside air is introduced. The permeable membrane 24 of this embodiment is provided on the partition wall 34. The permeable membrane 24 is provided on the downstream side of the air flow from the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32 and on the downstream side of the air flow from the evaporator 31 in the inside air circulation flow path 33. The outside air heated by the capacitor 30 flows downstream of the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32. When the outside air heated by the condenser 30 and the low-temperature inside air cooled by the evaporator 31 are brought into contact with each other through the permeable membrane 24, heat loss increases, and the cooling efficiency of the ventilator 1 decreases. Become. For this reason, in the present embodiment, a bypass flow path 35 is provided in order to bypass the capacitor 30 and take outside air into the outside air flow path 22.

  In FIG. 6, the outside air flow path 22 and the bypass flow path 35 are indicated by broken lines. The bypass flow path 35 is provided on the downstream side of the air flow of the capacitor 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32, and is arranged so as to be shifted from the outside air blower 25 in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Since the outside air introduced from the bypass channel 35 reaches the permeable membrane 24 without passing through the capacitor 30, it is not affected by the heat of the capacitor 30. The bypass channel 35 of the present embodiment is formed perpendicular to the permeable membrane 24. For this reason, the outside air introduced into the bypass channel 35 flows through the outside air channel 24 after being bent at a right angle.

  The inside air passage 23 is provided with inside air passage switching doors 27a and 27b for communicating or blocking between the inside air passage 23 and the inside air circulation passage 33. A first inside air flow path switching door 27a is provided on the upstream side of the inside air flow path 23, and a second inside air flow path switching door 27b is provided on the downstream side of the air flow. As in the second embodiment, the inside air flow path switching doors 27a and 27b are configured to be rotatable by a motor. The inside air flow path switching doors 27a and 27b are controlled to be opened and closed by a control unit 50 (not shown in FIG. 6) based on sensor signals from the sensors 12 to 14.

  In the example shown in FIG. 6, the flow direction of the outside air in the outside air flow path 22 is a direction from bottom to top, and the flow direction of the inside air in the inside air flow path 23 is a direction from top to bottom. That is, in the present embodiment, the flow is a counter flow in which the flow directions of the inside air and the outside air are opposite via the permeable membrane 24. When comparing this counter flow with the cross flow in which the flow directions of the inside air and the outside air are orthogonal, and the parallel flow in which the flow directions of the inside air and the outside air are parallel, the molecular exchange efficiency of the permeable membrane 24 is the highest in the counter flow, and then in the direct flow. The order is AC and parallel flow. For this reason, by making the flow of the inside and outside air through the permeable membrane 24 be a counterflow, the molecular exchange can be effectively performed by the permeable membrane 24. The heat exchange efficiency of the inside and outside air through the permeable membrane 24 is also highest in the counter flow, followed by the cross flow and the parallel flow, and the counter flow has the largest heat loss. For this reason, the balance between the molecular exchange efficiency and the heat loss by the permeable membrane 24 may be achieved, and the flow of the inside and outside air through the permeable membrane 24 may be a cross flow.

  According to the fourth embodiment described above, by using a condenser fan as the outside air blower 25 and using an evaporator fan as the inside air blower 26, the outside air and the inside air are supplied to the permeable membrane 24 using an existing device. Can do. Thereby, the structure of the ventilation apparatus 1 can be simplified compared with the case where the exclusive external air blower 25 and the internal air blower 26 are provided.

  Further, by providing the bypass flow path 35 for taking outside air into the outside air flow path 22, the influence of the heat of the capacitor 30 is exerted on the permeable membrane 24 provided on the downstream side of the air flow of the capacitor 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32. Outside air can be supplied without receiving it. As a result, the temperature difference between the outside air in the outside air passage 22 and the inside air in the inside air passage 23 can be reduced to reduce heat loss, and the system efficiency can be reduced due to the contact between the inside and outside air via the permeable membrane 24. Can be suppressed.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fifth embodiment, the position of the permeable membrane 24 is different from that in the fourth embodiment. Hereinafter, description of the same parts as those in the above embodiments will be omitted, and only different parts will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the ventilator 1 of the fifth embodiment. Also in this embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is provided on the partition wall 34 that partitions the outside air introduction channel 32 and the inside air circulation channel 33. In the present embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is provided on the upstream side of the air flow from the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32 and on the downstream side of the air flow from the evaporator 31 in the inside air circulation flow path 33. In the vicinity of the permeable membrane 24 on the outside air side, an outside air channel forming member 36 for forming the outside air channel 22 is provided. Since the outside air introduced into the outside air introduction channel 32 flows around the outside air channel formation member 35 and flows into the outside air channel 22, the outside air introduced into the outside air introduction channel 32 directly collides with the permeable membrane 24. There is no.

  The outside air flow path forming member 35 is formed from the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32 to the downstream side of the air flow. For this reason, the outside air that has passed through the outside air flow path 22 can flow downstream of the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32 without passing through the condenser 30.

  Also according to the fifth embodiment described above, by using a condenser fan as the outside air blower 25 and using an evaporator fan as the inside air blower 26, it is possible to supply outside air and inside air to the permeable membrane 24 using an existing device. The configuration of the ventilation device 1 can be simplified. In the fifth embodiment, since the permeable membrane 24 is arranged on the upstream side of the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32, it is not necessary to provide the bypass flow path 35 as in the fourth embodiment. .

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the sixth embodiment, the position of the permeable membrane 24 is different from that in the fourth and fifth embodiments. Hereinafter, description of the same parts as those in the above embodiments will be omitted, and only different parts will be described.

  FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation device 1 of the sixth embodiment. Also in this embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is provided on the partition wall 34 that partitions the outside air introduction channel 32 and the inside air circulation channel 33. In the present embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is provided on the downstream side of the air flow from the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32 and on the downstream side of the air flow from the evaporator 31 in the inside air circulation flow path 33.

  In the present embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is disposed on the surface of the partition wall 34 that faces the evaporator 31, and the permeable membrane 24 is located immediately below the evaporator 31. For this reason, when the water drop which fell from the evaporator 31 at the time of a defrost operation flows in into the permeable membrane 24, there exists a possibility of causing the fall of the permeation | transmission performance of the permeable membrane 24. Therefore, in the present embodiment, ribs 37 are provided in the vicinity of the permeable membrane 24 in the partition wall 34 in order to prevent water droplets from flowing into the permeable membrane 24. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the surface of the partition wall 34 facing the evaporator 31 is slightly lowered to the left, so that water droplets flow in the left direction. Therefore, the rib 37 is provided on the right side of the permeable membrane 24 in the partition wall 34.

  The outside air heated by the capacitor 30 flows downstream of the condenser 30 in the outside air introduction flow path 32. When the outside air heated by the condenser 30 and the low-temperature inside air cooled by the evaporator 31 are brought into contact with each other through the permeable membrane 24, heat loss increases, and the cooling efficiency of the ventilator 1 decreases. Become. For this reason, in this embodiment, the bypass flow path 35 is provided in order to take in external air to the external air flow path 22 of the permeable membrane 24 like the said 4th Embodiment. Thereby, outside air can be supplied to the permeable membrane 24 provided on the downstream side of the air flow of the capacitor 30 in the outside air introduction channel 32 without being affected by the heat of the capacitor 30. As a result, the temperature difference between the outside air in the outside air passage 22 and the inside air in the inside air passage 23 can be reduced to reduce heat loss, and a reduction in system efficiency can be suppressed.

  In the example shown in FIG. 8, the flow direction of the outside air in the outside air flow path 22 is a direction from right to left, and the flow direction of the inside air in the inside air flow path 23 is a direction from right to left. In other words, in this embodiment, the flow direction of the inside air and the outside air is the parallel flow through the permeable membrane 24.

  Also according to the sixth embodiment described above, by using a condenser fan as the outside air blower 25 and using an evaporator fan as the inside air blower 26, it is possible to supply outside air and inside air to the permeable membrane 24 using an existing device. The configuration of the ventilation device 1 can be simplified. In the sixth embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is provided at a position facing the evaporator 31. For this reason, the permeable membrane 24 becomes close to the inside air blower 26, the inside air sent from the inside air blower 24 can be easily supplied to the permeable membrane 24, and the power of the inside air blower 24 can be used effectively.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the seventh embodiment, the position of the permeable membrane 24 is different compared to the above embodiments. Hereinafter, description of the same parts as those in the above embodiments will be omitted, and only different parts will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of the ventilation device 1 of the seventh embodiment. In the present embodiment, the permeable membrane 24 is provided on the upstream side of the air flow from the evaporator 31 in the inside air circulation channel 33. The permeable membrane 24 is provided on the side wall of the housing 10, and the outside air flow path 22 exists outside the housing 10. For this reason, not the outside air that passes through the outside air introduction path 32 but the outside air that exists outside the housing 10 is supplied to the permeable membrane 24.

  In this embodiment, an outside air blower 28 having the same configuration as that of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is provided. Since the power of the inside air blower 26 is transmitted to the outside air blower 28 by the power transmission member 29, when the inside air blower 26 is actuated, the outside air blower 28 is also actuated simultaneously. As a result, an internal air flow is generated in the internal air flow path 23, and an external air flow is generated in the external air flow path 22.

  Also in the seventh embodiment described above, by using an evaporator fan as the inside air blower 26, it is possible to supply outside air and inside air to the permeable membrane 24 using an existing device, and the configuration of the ventilation device 1 is simplified. Can be Further, in the configuration of the seventh embodiment, similarly to the third embodiment, the outside air blower 25 provided with power (motor) can be omitted, and the configuration of the blowing means that generates the flow of outside air is simplified. be able to. In the configuration of the present embodiment, since the outside air flow path 22 is open to the outside of the housing 10, it is relatively easy to replace outside air that contacts the outside air side of the permeable membrane 24, and the outside air blower 28 is omitted. It is also possible to do.

(Other embodiments)
As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, Unless it deviates from the range described in each claim, it is not limited to the description word of each claim, and those skilled in the art Improvements based on the knowledge that a person skilled in the art normally has can be added as appropriate to the extent that they can be easily replaced.

  For example, in each of the above-described embodiments, an example in which the inside of the housing 10 is frozen or refrigerated has been described as the ventilation device 1. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that the temperature in the housing 10 is adjusted. It is good also as a structure which adjusts the temperature inside 10 to normal temperature or high temperature from normal temperature.

In each of the above embodiments, the O ₂ sensor 12, the CO ₂ sensor 13, and the humidity sensor 14 are used to perform the air volume control of the fans 25 and 26 and the open / close control of the inside air flow path switching door 27. One or two of the sensors 12, 13, and 14 may be used to control the air volume of the blowers 25 and 26 and the open / close control of the inside air flow path switching door 27.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, although it comprised so that a ventilation means may be provided in each of the external air flow path 22 and the internal air flow path 23, it is not restricted to this, A ventilation means is provided in at least one of the external air flow path 22 and the internal air flow path 23. Should just be provided.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, although the example which accommodates fruits and vegetables in the housing | casing 10 was demonstrated, not only this but the object accommodated in the housing | casing 10 requires temperature adjustment, and it is inside air during accommodation. The gas concentration of a specific type may change. For example, different types of foods may be used, and further, animals and people may be used.

10 housing 11 inside air circulating blower 12 O ₂ sensor (gas concentration detection means)
13 CO ₂ sensor (gas concentration detection means)
14 Humidity sensor (gas concentration detection means)
21 channel forming member 22 outside air channel 23 inside air channel 24 permeable membrane 25 outside air blower (air blowing means)
26 Inside air blower (air blowing means)
27 Inside air flow path switching door (air blowing means)
28 Outside air blower
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 29 Power transmission member 30 Capacitor 31 Evaporator 32 Outside air introduction flow path 33 Inside air circulation flow path 35 Bypass flow path 50 Control part (control means)

Claims (7)

A housing (10) in which the temperature of the inside air existing inside is adjusted;
Gas concentration detection means (12, 13, 14) for detecting a specific type of gas concentration in the housing (10);
A flow path forming member (22) that forms an external air flow path (21) through which external air flows and an internal air flow path (22) through which the internal air existing in the housing (10) flows;
The outside air channel (21) and the inside air channel (22) have one surface in contact with the outside air in the outside air channel (21) and the other surface in contact with the inside air in the inside air channel (22). ) And a permeable membrane (24) that selectively allows gas to pass between the outside air flow path (21) side and the inside air flow path (22) side;
Blower means (25, 26, 27, 28) for generating at least one of a flow of outside air in the outside air flow path (21) or a flow of inside air in the inside air flow path (22);
Control means (50) for performing air blowing control by the air blowing means (25, 26, 27, 28),
Based on the gas concentration detected by the gas concentration detection (12, 13, 14), the control means (50) blows at least one of outside air and inside air by the blowing means (25, 26, 27, 28). A ventilator characterized by performing control. An inside air circulation blower (11) for circulating inside air in the housing (10) is provided,
The blowing means (27) for generating the flow of the inside air in the inside air flow path (22) introduces the flow of the inside air generated by the inside air circulation blower (11) into the inside air flow path (22), thereby The ventilation device according to claim 1, wherein a flow of internal air is generated in the air flow path (22). The blowing means (26) for generating the flow of the inside air in the inside air flow path (22) includes a blower fan (26a) and a drive means (26b) for rotationally driving the blower fan (26a).
The blowing means (28) for generating a flow of outside air in the outside air flow path (21) is rotated by the rotational driving force of the driving means (26b) transmitted via the power transmission member (29), and The ventilation device according to claim 1, wherein a flow of outside air is generated in the air flow path (21).   The ventilation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permeable membrane (24) has a hole having a hole diameter equal to or less than an average free path of the specific type of gas. A condenser (30) for exchanging heat between the high-temperature refrigerant and the outside air, and an evaporator (31) for exchanging heat between the low-temperature refrigerant and the inside air,
The outside air blowing means (25) is a condenser fan that blows outside air to the condenser (30), and the inside air blowing means (26) is an evaporator fan that blows inside air to the evaporator (31). The ventilator according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The ventilation device according to claim 5, wherein the permeable membrane (24) is provided on an air flow downstream side of the evaporator (31) and an air flow upstream side of the condenser (30). The permeable membrane (24) is provided on the air flow downstream side of the evaporator (31) and on the air flow downstream side of the condenser (30),
The ventilation device according to claim 5, further comprising a bypass channel (35) that bypasses the condenser (30) and supplies outside air to the outside air channel (22).

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