JP2011213461A - Crane - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve cargo handling efficiency in a bulk material, in a crane for handing a cargo of the bulk material.SOLUTION: An unloading crane 1 for unloading the bulk material 4 includes an openable-closable grab bucket 6 for gripping, holding and suspending the bulk material 4 from a bulk cargo ship 3, and a traverser 7 for traversing-carrying the bulk material up to a hopper by receiving from the grab bucket 6. A bucket part 7b is arranged in a lower part of the traverser 7 for obliquely inputting the bulk material 4 to an input port of the hopper 8 by receiving from the grab bucket 6.

Description

  The present invention relates to a hoist, and more particularly to a hoist capable of improving the handling efficiency of bulk materials in a hoist for handling various types of bulk materials such as grains, rock salt, sand, coal, or iron ore.

  Grab bucket type unloading cranes (hereinafter simply referred to as cranes) are open-and-closed grabs that are suspended from heavy materials such as iron ore and coal in steelworks and thermal power plants. It is equipment that unloads from a bulk carrier using a bucket.

  FIG. 13 shows a configuration of this type of crane 50. The bulk material 52 in the hold of the bulk carrier 51 is gripped by the grab bucket 53 of the crane 50, and then is transported to the hopper 55 by the traversing of the trolley 54 that suspends the grab bucket 53 and is put into the hopper 55. . The bulk material 52 put into the hopper 55 is conveyed to a main conveyor 57 in the back ground by an in-machine conveyor 56 disposed below the discharge port of the hopper 55 and is conveyed to a desired place by the main conveyor 57. Usually, the main conveyor 57 is provided with a plurality of lines, and the line selection is performed by the in-machine conveyor 56 (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  By the way, in recent years, the landing capacity of cranes has increased to, for example, the 3000-5000 t / h class because of the enlargement of bulk carriers and the pursuit of work efficiency. In this class of crane, the rated load reaches 40 to 80 tons and the traverse speed reaches 200 m / s.

  However, as the load increases and the traversing speed increases, the load is increased and the operability is lowered. That is, as a traversing body that travels while hanging a loose object with a rope, the traversing speed has reached the limit due to its structure, and there is a problem that the improvement of the cargo handling efficiency of the loose object is hindered.

  In addition, when the bulk handling work is performed at the end, the bulk is too small to be held by the grab bucket. Therefore, the bulldozer is lifted by a trolley of a crane, carried into a bulk carrier, and the bulk is taken out. However, since the bulldozer cannot be lifted if there is an in-machine conveyor, the in-machine conveyor is moved and then the bulldozer is lifted. For this reason, there exists a problem of inhibiting the cargo handling efficiency of a loose thing. In addition, since the in-machine conveyor includes a complicated and expensive mechanism such as a mechanism for movement, there is a problem that the cost of the crane including the in-machine conveyor also increases.

  In addition, when a grab bucket is used, when the grab bucket is opened and a bulk material is put into the hopper, it is dropped directly below the grab bucket, so that dust is easily scattered around. For this reason, from the viewpoint of environmental clean-up, a dust collection or sprinkling type dust generation prevention system having a high function must be installed in the hopper, and there is a problem that the cost of the crane increases.

  In the case of a container crane that transports cargo in a container, after the container lifted using a lifting tool such as a spreader is replaced with a traverser, the traverser is traversed along the girder to a predetermined place. (See, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).

JP 2000-309428 A JP 2000-143154 A US Pat. No. 5,570,986

  An object of the present invention is to provide a hoist capable of improving the efficiency of handling bulk material in a hoist that handles bulk material.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a hoist capable of reducing the cost of the hoist that handles the bulk.

  In order to achieve the above object, the hoist according to the present invention includes a hoist having a configuration in which a loose object is held and lifted by an openable grab bucket suspended from a trolley installed on a bridge girder. The bridge girder includes a traverser that receives the bulk held by the bucket and puts it into a hopper disposed at a position away from the grab bucket, and the traverser receives the bulk just below the grab bucket. When the loose material in the bucket portion of the traverser is thrown into the hopper, the bucket portion of the traverser is inclined and opened so that the loose material is thrown obliquely with respect to the inlet of the hopper. An inclination mechanism is provided.

  In the hoist described above, the bucket portion of the traverser is supported by the lower portion of the main body of the traverser, the tilt mechanism is provided at one end of the traverser portion, and the bucket portion is rotatable. A rotary shaft that is pivotally supported by the rotary shaft, and opening / closing means for opening and closing the bucket portion with the rotary shaft as a support point.

  Further, in the hoist described above, the tilt mechanism fixes the bucket portion with a fixing pin when the traverser moves, and releases the bucket portion by its own weight when the bulk material is put into the hopper, After the bulk material is put into the hopper, the bucket portion is closed and fixed with the fixing pin.

  In the hoist described above, the hopper includes a mechanism for tilting, moving, or changing a position of a discharge tray provided at a discharge port of the hopper so that a subsequent transport line can be selected.

  In the hoist described above, the regenerative power generated from the motor generator when the grab bucket is lowered is used as a part of acceleration energy when the traverser moves. Thereby, the power consumption of the hoist can be reduced.

  According to the hoist of the present invention, the grab bucket is provided with a grab bucket that lifts the grab bucket by lifting the grab bucket and the traverser that receives the bulk material from the grab bucket and transports it to the hopper. Can specialize each role in traversing transport, so it is possible to improve the efficiency of handling bulk goods. Further, since the traverser is a rigid body structure, there is no load generated when the grab bucket suspended by the rope is transported in the transverse direction. For this reason, the conveyance speed of a loose article can be improved. Further, by automating the traverser's traverse conveyance, the driver can concentrate on the up and down operation of the grab bucket, so that work efficiency and safety can be improved. As a result, the cargo handling efficiency of the bulk material can be improved.

  Further, by providing the traverser, it is possible to eliminate an in-machine conveyor having a complicated and expensive function. In addition, by throwing the bulk of the traverser obliquely with respect to the inlet of the hopper, dust scattering around the hopper can be reduced, so the dust collection or sprinkling type dust generation prevention system provided in the hopper can be simplified. Can be As a result, the cost of the hoist can be reduced.

  Further, since the in-machine conveyor can be eliminated by providing the traverser, it is not necessary to move the in-machine conveyor at the end of the bulk handling operation. For this reason, the cargo handling efficiency of the bulk can be improved.

1 is an overall configuration diagram of a crane that is a hoist according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a principal part block diagram of the grab bucket, trolley, and traverser seen from the A direction of FIG. It is a side view of a traverser. It is an enlarged block diagram of a hopper. It is an enlarged block diagram which shows the modification of a hopper. It is an enlarged block diagram which shows the other modification of a hopper. It is a whole block diagram which shows the working state of the crane during the handling work of the bulk material. It is a whole block diagram which shows the working state of the crane following FIG. It is a whole block diagram which shows the working state of the crane following FIG. It is a whole block diagram which shows the working state of the crane following FIG. It is a whole block diagram which shows the working state of the crane following FIG. It is a whole block diagram which shows the working state of the crane following FIG. It is a whole block diagram of the conventional crane.

  Hereinafter, a hoist according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[Overall configuration of hoist]
FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of an unloading crane (hereinafter simply referred to as a crane) 1 which is a hoist according to the present embodiment.

  The crane 1 is a device that unloads bulk material 4 such as grain, rock salt, sand, coal, or iron ore loaded in a hold 3a of a bulk carrier 3 moored on the quay 2, and its main body 5 includes: An open / close type grab bucket 6, a traverser 7, and a hopper 8 are installed.

  The main body 5 of the crane 1 is installed in a state where it can run on a traveling rail (not shown) laid on the upper surface of the quay 2, and two legs 5 a and 5 b erected on the upper surface of the quay 2. And a crane gutter (bridge girder) 5c provided to bridge these.

  The crane girder 5c includes a girder 5cg provided on the land side and a boom 5cb provided so as to project to the sea side. Although not particularly limited, the length of the crane girder 5c in the longitudinal direction is, for example, about 100 m, the height from the upper surface of the quay 2 to the girder 5cg is, for example, about 30 m, and the boom 3a from the bulk carrier 3a. The distance to 5cb is, for example, about 10 m.

  The trolley 10 is supported by the crane garter 5c in a state in which it can move horizontally along the crane garter 5c. The grab bucket 6 is suspended from the trolley 10 through a plurality of wire ropes 11 so as to be lifted and lowered. The grab bucket 6 is a lifting tool that holds and lifts the bulk material 4 of the bulk carrier 3. The opening / closing operation and the raising / lowering operation of the grab bucket 6 are controlled by hoisting and lowering operations of the wire rope 11 for opening / closing and supporting the grab bucket 6.

  Moreover, the machine room 12 is installed on the crane gutter 5c and the leg part 5a. In the machine room 12, a wire drum (not shown) for operating the wire rope 11 is installed. The wire drum is driven by a motor (motor generator) (not shown). The wire rope 11 unwound from the wire drum is connected to the grab bucket 6 via a sheave (not shown in FIG. 1) of the trolley 10.

  Further, the traverser 7 described above is supported on the crane gutter 5c in such a manner that it can move horizontally along the crane gutter 5c from directly below the grab bucket 6 to directly above the hopper 8 described above. The traverser 7 is a traversing transport body for receiving the bulk material 4 held by the grab bucket 6, transporting it to the hopper 8, and feeding it to the charging port of the hopper 8. In addition, the traverser 7 includes a bucket portion 7 b that can receive the loose material 4 directly below the grab bucket 6 and can throw the loose material 4 obliquely with respect to the charging port of the hopper 8.

  The hopper 8 is a transfer machine for transferring the bulk material 4 input from the traverser 7 to the conveyors 13a and 13b in the hinterland, and is located away from the grab bucket 8 (the bulk carrier 3) in the land direction. Is arranged. This hopper 8 is installed in the leg part 5a in the state which can be tilted with respect to the leg part 5a. Below the discharge port of the hopper 8, conveyors 13a and 13b are installed.

[Positional relationship between grab bucket, trolley and traverser]
Next, FIG. 2 shows the grab bucket 6, the trolley 10, and the traverser 7 as viewed from the direction A in FIG. FIG. 3 shows an enlarged side view of the traverser 7 of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, two crane garters 5c are arranged side by side, and between the two crane garters 5c, the trolley 10 described above is provided with wheels 10a, 10a provided on both side surfaces thereof. Is mounted on the two rail portions R1, R1 inside the two crane gutters 5c and supported in a traversable state. The trolley 10 is provided with a plurality of sheaves 10b. A wire rope 11 for opening / closing and supporting the grab bucket 6 is hung on each sheave 10b.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the traverser 7 includes two support bodies 7a provided on both side surfaces thereof, and a bucket portion 7b provided between the lower portions of the two support bodies 7a and 7a. It has. The traverser 7 is supported in such a manner that a wheel 7c provided inside the upper part of each of the two supports 7a is placed on the two rail portions R2 and R2 outside the two crane garters 5c and can traverse. Yes. With such a configuration, the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7 can be disposed immediately below the grab bucket 6 that is lifted and held.

  The bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7 rotates around a rotation shaft (tilting mechanism) 7d provided on one end side in the transverse direction, and is supported on the lower portion of the support 7a so as to be opened and closed as indicated by an arrow B. Has been.

  A sheave (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means) 7f is pivotally supported on the other end side in the transverse direction of the bucket portion 7b in a rotatable state. A wire rope (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means) 15 is hung on the sheave 7f.

  This wire rope 15 is a rope for opening and closing the bucket portion 7b, is unwound from a winch (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means) 16 shown in FIG. 3, and is passed through a sheave (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means) 7e. After being hung on the sheave 7f of 7b, it is fixed to the tip of the girder 5c via a sheave (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means) 7g above it.

  That is, the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7 is opened and closed by a winch 16, the wire rope 15, and a pulley mechanism such as sheaves 7e to 7g. As described above, when the loose material 4 is put into the hopper 8, the bucket portion 7 b is controlled to open in an inclined state with respect to the opening surface of the hopper 8.

  The winch 16 is a winding means for winding and unwinding the wire rope 15, and is installed in the girder 5 c or the machine room 12. The power of the motor (inclination mechanism, opening / closing means) 16a of the winch 16 is decelerated by a reduction gear (inclination mechanism, opening / closing means) 16b and transmitted to the wire winding drum 16c. By opening and lowering the wire rope 15 by the motor 16a, the opening / closing angle (inclination angle) of the bucket portion 7b is controlled.

  The sheave mechanism such as the sheaves 7e to 7g has a function of opening and closing the bucket portion 7b with a small force in addition to determining the route of the wire rope 15 and drawing the wire rope 15 so as to move smoothly.

  Furthermore, a lock pin (fixing pin) 7h that maintains the bucket portion 7b in a closed state is provided in each of the opposed portions of the traverser 7 between the bucket portion 7b and the support 7a. The pulley mechanism such as the sheaves 7e to 7g, the wire rope 15, and the lock pin 7h are similarly installed on the opposite surface of FIG.

  When the traverser 7 is moved, the wire rope 15 is kept taut by the winch 16, and the bucket portion 7b is fixed to the support 7a by the lock pin 7h, so that the bucket portion 7b is kept closed.

  Further, when throwing the loose material 4 into the hopper 8, the wire rope 15 is loosened by the winch 16 to release the lock pin 7 h, and the bucket portion 7 b and the bulk material 4 are opened by the dead weight. At this time, the bucket portion 7b is opened in an inclined state with respect to the charging port of the hopper 8. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the dust at the time of throwing in the bulk material 4 can be reduced.

  After the loose material 4 is introduced, the other end of the bucket portion 7b is pulled up to the position where the lock pin 7h is hooked by the winch 16, and the bucket portion 7b is closed and fixed again by the lock pin 7h. At this time, the winch 16 can be reduced in size because it is sufficient to lift the weight of the bucket portion 7b.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, dust scattering prevention plates 7g and 7g for preventing dust scattering are provided on both side surfaces in the width direction of the upper portion of the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7. Thereby, when transferring the bulk material 4 to the bucket part 7b of the traverser 7, it is possible to suppress or prevent dust from being scattered around.

[Hopper configuration]
Next, FIG. 4 shows an enlarged configuration diagram of the hopper 8 of FIG. The hopper 8 is supported by the leg portion 5a so as to be tiltable as indicated by an arrow C around the upper rotation shaft 8a. A telescopic device 17 such as a hydraulic cylinder is provided between the hopper 8 and the leg 5a. By controlling the tilt angle of the hopper 8 by the expansion and contraction of the rod of the expansion / contraction device 17, it is selected whether the loose article 4 is transferred to the conveyors 13a and 13b.

[Modification 1 of Hopper]
FIG. 5 shows a modification of the hopper 8. Here, the hopper 8 is supported by the support 5d in a state where the hopper 8 can move in parallel along the support 5d as indicated by an arrow D by a wheel 8b provided on the hopper 8, and the movement position thereof is as follows. Thus, it is possible to select the conveyors 13a and 13b on which the bulk material 4 is transferred.

[Modification 2 of the hopper]
FIG. 6 shows another modification of the hopper 8. Here, a slider (discharge tray) 8c is provided below the discharge port of the hopper 8, and by changing the position of the slider 8c, it is possible to select the conveyors 13a and 13b on which the loose material 4 is transferred. It has become.

[Bulk Handling Method]
Next, a bulk cargo handling method will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 12 show the working state of the crane 1 during the cargo handling work of the bulk material 4.

  First, as shown in FIG. 7, the grab bucket 6 is lowered and opened, and after grabbing the bulk material 4 in the hold 3a of the bulk carrier 3, the grab bucket 6 is raised with the grab bucket 6 closed as shown in FIG. And stopped at a position slightly higher than the height of the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7.

  Subsequently, the traverser 7 is moved toward the grab bucket 6 and stopped when the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7 is located directly below the grab bucket 6, as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the grab bucket 6 is opened, and the bulk material 4 is dropped and transferred to the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7. At this time, since the drop from the grab bucket 6 to the bucket portion 7b of the traverser 7 is small, the amount of dust scattered can be reduced. For this reason, the dust prevention means of the traverser 7 can have a simple structure such as the dust scattering prevention plate 7g described above.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the traverser 7 on which the bulk material 4 is placed is moved to the hopper 8. At this time, since the traverser 7 is a rigid structure, there is no load generated when the grab bucket 6 suspended by the wire rope 11 is transported transversely. For this reason, since the conveyance speed of the bulk material 4 can be improved, the cargo handling efficiency of the bulk material 4 can be improved.

  Further, by automating the traversing of the traverser 7, the operator can concentrate on the up and down operation of the grab bucket 6, so that work efficiency and safety can be improved. Thereby, the cargo handling efficiency of the loose article 4 can be improved.

  Meanwhile, in the grab bucket 6, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the grab bucket 6 is lowered while the grab bucket 6 is opened, and the bulk material 4 in the hold 3 a of the bulk carrier 3 is gripped again. At this time, since the grab bucket 6 opened when dropping the bulk material 4 onto the traverser 7 can be opened without closing, the next bulk material 4 can be gripped. Efficiency can be improved.

  Further, when the grab bucket 6 is lowered (the wire rope 11 is unwound), the regenerative power generated from the motor (motor generator) that drives the wire drum of the machine room 12 is stored in the battery, and the regenerative power is stored in the traverser 7. Used as part of the acceleration energy when moving. Thereby, the power consumption of the crane 1 can be reduced. In addition, the regenerative power stored in the battery can be used as power during a power failure.

  Next, in the traverser 7, as shown in FIG. 12, the bucket portion 7 b of the traverser 7 is opened, and the bulk material 4 is put into the hopper 8. At this time, the amount of dust scattered around the hopper 8 can be reduced by throwing the bulk material 4 of the traverser 7 obliquely with respect to the inlet of the hopper 8. For this reason, since the dust collection type or watering type dusting prevention system provided in the hopper 8 can be simplified, the cost of the crane 1 can be reduced.

  Subsequently, the bulk material 4 put into the hopper 8 is transferred to one of the conveyors 13a and 13b by the hopper 8, and is conveyed to a desired place by the conveyors 13a and 13b.

  Thus, in the crane 1, the grab bucket 6 that holds and lifts the bulk material 4 and the traverser 7 that receives the bulk material from the grab bucket 6 and traverses it to the hopper 8 are provided. Since the traverser 7 can specialize the roles of up and down movement and traverse conveyance, the cargo handling efficiency of the bulk material 4 can be improved.

  Moreover, in the crane 1, since the traverser 7 is provided, the in-machine conveyor provided with a complicated and expensive mechanism can be eliminated, so that the cost of the crane 1 can be reduced.

  In addition, since the in-machine conveyor can be eliminated by providing the traverser 7, it is not necessary to move the in-machine conveyor to lift the bulltozer at the end of the bulk handling operation. For this reason, the cargo handling efficiency of the loose article 4 can be improved.

  In addition, the site of the in-machine conveyor can be used effectively. For example, if the above-mentioned bulldozer is kept waiting at the site of the in-machine conveyor, when the handling work of the bulk material 4 comes to the end, the bulldozer can be immediately lifted and carried into the hold 3a. The cargo handling efficiency of 4 can be further improved.

  Since the hoist according to the present invention is provided with a grab bucket for grasping and lifting a bulk material and a traverser for receiving the bulk material from the grab bucket and transporting it to the hopper, the handling efficiency of the bulk material can be improved. It can be used for hoists such as grab bucket type cranes.

1 Unloading crane (hoist)
4 Bulk 5 Body 5a, 5b Leg 5c Crane Gutter (Bridge Girder)
5cg Garter 5cb Boom 5d Support body 6 Grab bucket 7 Traverser 7a Support body 7b Bucket portion 7c Wheel 7d Rotating shaft (tilting mechanism)
7e sheave (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
7f sheave (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
7g sheave (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
7h Lock pin (fixing pin)
7g Dust scattering prevention plate 8 Hopper 8a Rotating shaft 8b Wheel 8c Slider (discharge tray)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Trolley 10a Wheel 10b Sheave 11 Wire rope 12 Machine room 13a, 13b Conveyor 15 Wire rope (tilting mechanism)
16 winch (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
16a Motor (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
16b Reduction gear (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
16c drum (tilting mechanism, opening / closing means)
17 Telescopic device

Claims (5)

In a hoist equipped with a configuration for holding and lifting a loose article by an openable and closable grab bucket suspended from a trolley installed on a bridge girder,
The bridge girder portion is provided with a traverser that receives the loose objects gripped by the grab bucket and puts it into a hopper disposed at a position away from the grab bucket,
The traverser includes a bucket portion that receives the loose material directly below the grab bucket,
A tilting mechanism that tilts and opens the bucket portion of the traverser so that the bulk material is thrown into the hopper at an angle with respect to the charging port of the hopper when the bulk material is thrown into the hopper. Hoist. The bucket part of the traverser is supported by the lower part of the main body of the traverser,
The tilt mechanism includes a rotating shaft that is provided at one end of the traverser unit and pivotally supports the bucket unit in a rotatable state, and opening / closing means that opens and closes the bucket unit with the rotating shaft as a support point. The hoist according to claim 1.   The tilt mechanism fixes the bucket portion by a fixing pin when the traverser moves, and releases the bucket portion by its own weight when the bulk material is loaded into the hopper, and throws the bulk material into the hopper. The hoist according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism for closing the bucket portion and fixing the bucket with the fixing pin.   The said hopper is equipped with the mechanism in which the position of the discharge tray provided in the discharge opening of the hopper was tilted, moved, or hopper so that the conveyance line of a subsequent stage can be selected. Hoist as described in.   The hoist according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein regenerative electric power generated from a motor generator when the grab bucket is lowered is used as a part of acceleration energy when the traverser moves.

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