JP2011198371A - Two-dimensional code, method of reading the same, program and computer readable record medium - Google Patents

Two-dimensional code, method of reading the same, program and computer readable record medium Download PDF

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JP2011198371A
JP2011198371A JP2011083051A JP2011083051A JP2011198371A JP 2011198371 A JP2011198371 A JP 2011198371A JP 2011083051 A JP2011083051 A JP 2011083051A JP 2011083051 A JP2011083051 A JP 2011083051A JP 2011198371 A JP2011198371 A JP 2011198371A
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data
dimensional code
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JP5184672B2 (en
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Tsutomu Fujita
田 勉 藤
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KOSAIDO CO Ltd
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a two-dimensional code of large-capacity and small size, securing sufficient positioning accuracy, a method of reading the same, a program and a computer readable record medium.SOLUTION: In the periphery of a data part 2, a first graphic form and a second graphic form LC are arranged. The first graphic form includes: segments LS11-LS14, LS31-LS34, LS51-LS54, LS71-LS74; and heading lines R21-R24, R41-R44, R61-R64, R81-R84 disposed at pitch according to the size of a small area, and the second graphic form is L-shaped so that both ends thereof are connected to the ends of LS54 and LS74. The heading lines R21-R24, R41-R44 are disposed toward the outside of the data part 2, and the heading lines R61-R64, R81-R84 are disposed toward the data part 2. The information on the data density and the positioning information are obtained in decoding based on these heading lines.

Description

本発明は、二次元コードおよびその読取方法に関し、特に、データ密度の向上を可能にする二次元コード、その読取方法、この読取方法をコンピュータに実行させるプログラムおよびコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に関する。   The present invention relates to a two-dimensional code and a reading method thereof, and more particularly, to a two-dimensional code that enables an improvement in data density, a reading method thereof, a program that causes a computer to execute the reading method, and a computer-readable recording medium.

二次元コードは、複数種類の文字をエンコードでき、誤り訂正機能を有することから、流通や商品管理等の分野で利用されてきており、様々な形態の二次元コードが開発されてきた。   The two-dimensional code can encode a plurality of types of characters and has an error correction function, so that it has been used in fields such as distribution and product management, and various forms of two-dimensional codes have been developed.

従来の二次元コードは、一次元のバーコードに代替する用途への利用にとどまっており、このため、例えば管理コードやこれに付随する情報のように、その要求仕様は、小容量の情報を格納できれば充分であった。   Conventional two-dimensional codes are used only for applications that replace one-dimensional barcodes. For this reason, for example, management codes and associated information, such as the management code and the information that accompanies them, the required specifications do not include small-capacity information. It was enough if it could be stored.

近年、各種の障害者の自立を支援し、社会参加を積極的に促進する機運が高まっている。このような動きの中で、本願発明者は、視聴覚障害者向けの文章読上げ装置の開発にあたり、二次元コードの利用を検討した。実用性の観点からその仕様として、1ページの文章の情報、具体的には、日本語で800文字程度を例えば2cmの記号で格納でき、かつ、市販のレーザプリンタで印刷できることが要求された。 In recent years, there has been an increasing momentum for supporting the independence of people with disabilities and actively promoting social participation. In such a movement, the inventor of the present application examined the use of a two-dimensional code when developing a text-to-speech device for a visually impaired person. From the viewpoint of practicality, as a specification, it is required that information of one page of text, specifically, about 800 characters in Japanese can be stored with, for example, a symbol of 2 cm 2 and can be printed with a commercially available laser printer. .

しかしながら、上述の要求仕様を従来の二次元コードで実現しようとすると、所望の密度で印刷すれば充分な読取り率が得られず、この一方、読取れる密度で印刷するとサイズが大きくなりすぎる、という問題が発生した。   However, if the above-mentioned required specifications are to be realized with a conventional two-dimensional code, a sufficient reading rate cannot be obtained if printing is performed at a desired density. On the other hand, if printing is performed at a readable density, the size becomes too large. Problem has occurred.

このような問題の原因として、一つには、従来の二次元コードが上述の大容量の情報を格納するように設計されていないために、容量を増やすとデータセル以外の印刷領域のオーバヘッドが大きくなってしまう、ということが挙げられる。   One of the causes of such a problem is that the conventional two-dimensional code is not designed to store the above-mentioned large amount of information, so that if the capacity is increased, the overhead of the print area other than the data cell is increased. It can be mentioned that it grows.

また、読取り率の問題は、データセルをサンプリングするときに位置決めの精度が十分に確保できないことである。従来、データセルの印刷ピッチを示す一方法として、データセルと同じサイズの明暗図形を1セル毎に交互に並べる試みもあった。しかしながら、この方法では、現状のレーザプリンタで高密度で印刷すると、トナーの粒子が飛散ったり、かすれるなど、プリンタ特有の特性により精度を高めることが困難であった。この一方、位置決めを充分な精度で実行できれば、データの読み取りについては、印刷に多少のトナー飛散やかすれがあっても、画像処理またはエラー訂正符号処理により、充分に複合化できることが判明した。   Also, the problem of the read rate is that sufficient positioning accuracy cannot be ensured when sampling data cells. Conventionally, as a method for indicating the print pitch of data cells, there has been an attempt to alternately arrange bright and dark figures of the same size as the data cells for each cell. However, with this method, when printing is performed with a current laser printer at a high density, it is difficult to increase the accuracy due to characteristics unique to the printer, such as toner particles being scattered or blurred. On the other hand, it has been found that if positioning can be performed with sufficient accuracy, data can be sufficiently combined by image processing or error correction code processing even if there is some toner scattering or fading in printing.

本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、汎用のレーザプリンタで印刷でき、充分な位置決め精度を確保できる大容量・小サイズの二次元コード、その読取方法、プログラムおよびコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a large-capacity / small-size two-dimensional code that can be printed by a general-purpose laser printer and ensure sufficient positioning accuracy, a reading method thereof, a program, and a computer An object is to provide a readable recording medium.

本発明は、以下の手段により上記課題の解決を図る。   The present invention aims to solve the above problems by the following means.

即ち、本発明によれば、
二進化されたデータのビットが明部または暗部の正方形データセルとして記号化されて二次元マトリクスをなすように配置されたデータ部と、上記データ部の周囲部に配置され、上記セルの印刷ピッチの情報を与える第1の図形と、上記データ部の周囲部に配置され、上記セルの回転方向の情報を与える第2の図形と、
を備える二次元コードであって、上記データ部は、互いに直行する第1および第2の方向に上記データセルが互いに隣接してそれぞれN個(Nは自然数)配置された正方形の小領域が、上記第1の方向にL個(Lは自然数)、上記2の方向にM個(Mは自然数)だけ互いに隣接して配置されて構成され、上記データ部の周縁の形状は、上記第2の方向の第1の辺と、この第1の辺に直交する第2の辺と、互いに直交し上記第1および第2の辺にそれぞれ対向する第3および第4の辺と、を有する矩形であり、上記第1の図形は、上記第1の辺に沿って上記データ部に近接して配置され、上記第1の辺と上記第2の辺との交点の近傍を起点として上記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(M+1)個の第1の線分と、上記第1の方向であって上記データ部の外側へ向けて上記第1の線分のほぼ中央からそれぞれ突出するように設けられた(M+1)個の第2の線分と、上記第2の辺に沿って上記データ部に近接して配置され、第1個目の上記第2の線分の頂点を起点として上記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(L+1)個の第3の線分と、上記第2の方向であって上記データ部の外側へ向けて上記第2の線分のほぼ中央からそれぞれ突出するように設けられた(L+1)個の第4の線分と、上記第3の辺に平行な線に沿って上記データ部に離隔して配置され、上記第4の線分の頂点を結ぶ線上の一点を起点として上記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(M+1)個の第5の線分と、対応する上記第2の線分の延長線上にそれぞれ配置され、上記第5の線分のほぼ中央から上記データ部の側へ向けて延出するように設けられた(M+1)個の第6の線分と、上記第4の辺に平行な線に沿って上記データ部に離隔して配置され、上記第2の線分の頂点を結ぶ線上の一点を起点として上記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(L+1)個の第7の線分と、対応する上記第4の線分の延長線上にそれぞれ配置され、上記第7の線分のほぼ中央から上記データ部へ向けて突出するように設けられた第8の線分と、を含み、上記第2の図形は、その両端が上記(M+1)個目の第5の線分と上記(L+1)個目の第7の線分に連続するように設けられるL字の図形であり、上記第5の線分と上記第7の線分は、上記第6の線分の頂点と上記第8の線分の頂点がそれぞれ上記第3の辺と上記第4の辺から離隔するように上記データ部から離隔して配置される、二次元コードが提供される。
That is, according to the present invention,
Data bits arranged as binary data bits are symbolized as light data or dark data square data cells to form a two-dimensional matrix, and arranged around the data parts, and the print pitch of the cells A first graphic that provides information on the data, a second graphic that is disposed around the data portion and that provides information on the rotation direction of the cell,
The data portion includes a square small region in which N data cells (N is a natural number) are arranged adjacent to each other in the first and second directions orthogonal to each other. L (L is a natural number) in the first direction and M (M is a natural number) are arranged adjacent to each other in the two directions, and the shape of the periphery of the data portion is the second shape. A rectangle having a first side in a direction, a second side orthogonal to the first side, and a third and fourth side orthogonal to each other and facing the first and second sides, respectively. And the first graphic is arranged in the vicinity of the data portion along the first side, and starts from the vicinity of the intersection of the first side and the second side. (M + 1) first line segments spaced apart from each other at a pitch according to size, and (M + 1) second line segments provided in the first direction so as to protrude from substantially the center of the first line segment toward the outside of the data portion, and the second side (L + 1) pieces that are arranged close to the data portion and spaced apart from each other at a pitch corresponding to the size of the small area, starting from the vertex of the first second line segment And (L + 1) fourth line segments provided so as to protrude from the approximate center of the second line segment toward the outside of the data portion in the second direction. A line segment and a line parallel to the third side are spaced apart from the data portion, and the point corresponding to the size of the small area is determined from a point on the line connecting the vertices of the fourth line segment. (M + 1) fifth line segments spaced apart from each other at a pitch, and the corresponding second line (M + 1) sixth line segments that are respectively arranged on the extension lines of the fifth line segment and extend from substantially the center of the fifth line segment toward the data portion side, and the fourth line segment Arranged apart from the data section along a line parallel to the side, and separated from each other at a pitch corresponding to the size of the small area, starting from one point on the line connecting the vertices of the second line segment The (L + 1) seventh line segments and the corresponding extension lines of the fourth line segments are arranged respectively, and provided so as to protrude from the approximate center of the seventh line segments toward the data portion. The second figure is continuous with the (M + 1) th fifth line segment and the (L + 1) th seventh line segment at both ends thereof. The fifth line segment and the seventh line segment are the vertices of the sixth line segment and A two-dimensional code is provided in which the vertices of the eighth line segment are spaced apart from the data portion so as to be separated from the third side and the fourth side, respectively.

また、本発明によれば、
上述した本発明にかかる二次元コードの読取方法であって、上記二次元コードの画像を取得する手順と、取得された上記画像内で、周縁が上記第2の図形のコーナ部に接するとともに、第1個目の上記第5の線分の少なくとも一部と第1個目の第7の線分の少なくとも一部とを含むように、上記パターンを取囲む矩形領域を切り出す手順と、上記コーナ部との接点、上記第1個目の第7の線分と上記矩形領域の周縁との接点および上記第1個目の上記第5の線分と上記矩形領域の周縁との接点をそれぞれ第1の接点、第2の接点および第3の接点として特定し、第1個目の上記第1の線分または第1個目の上記第3の線分と上記矩形領域の周縁との接点を第4の接点として認識する手順と、上記第1の接点と上記第2の接点とを結ぶ第9の線分を設定し、上記第1の接点と上記第3の接点とを結ぶ第10の線分を設定する手順と、上記第9の線分に平行な第1の仮想線を設定して上記第2の接点から上記第4の接点の方向へ移動させることにより、上記第7の線分と上記第2の線分と上記第6の線分と上記第3の線分とを認識する手順と、上記第10の線分に平行な第2の仮想線を設定して上記第3の接点から上記第4の接点の方向へ移動させることにより、上記第5の線分と上記第4の線分と上記第8の線分と上記第1の線分とを認識する手順と、認識された第2、第4、第6、および第8の線分の数量に基づいて上記データ部における上記データの容量を算出する手順と、上記矩形領域の周縁をなす辺のうち互いに直交する2辺をX軸またはY軸とする座標系を設定して上記データ部内の各セルの座標を特定する手順と、上記セル座標に基づいて上記記号化されたデータをビット列データに変換する手順と、を備える二次元コードの読取方法が提供される。
Moreover, according to the present invention,
In the method for reading a two-dimensional code according to the present invention described above, a procedure for acquiring an image of the two-dimensional code, and a peripheral edge of the acquired image touches a corner portion of the second graphic, A step of cutting out a rectangular area surrounding the pattern so as to include at least a part of the first fifth line segment and at least a part of the first seventh line segment; A first contact point between the first line segment and the periphery of the rectangular region, and a contact point between the first line segment and the periphery of the rectangular region. A first contact, a second contact, and a third contact, and a contact between the first first line segment or the first third line segment and the periphery of the rectangular region A procedure for recognizing as a fourth contact, and a ninth line connecting the first contact and the second contact , Setting a tenth line segment connecting the first contact point and the third contact point, and setting a first virtual line parallel to the ninth line segment and setting the second line A step of recognizing the seventh line segment, the second line segment, the sixth line segment, and the third line segment by moving in the direction from the contact point to the fourth contact point; By setting a second virtual line parallel to the tenth line segment and moving it from the third contact point toward the fourth contact point, the fifth line segment and the fourth line segment are moved. And the eighth line segment and the first line segment, and the data in the data section based on the recognized second, fourth, sixth, and eighth line segment quantities And a coordinate system in which two sides orthogonal to each other among the sides forming the periphery of the rectangular region are set as the X axis or the Y axis. A step of identifying the coordinates of each cell in the data portion, the reading process of the two-dimensional code and a procedure for converting the symbolized data on bit array data based on the cell coordinates are provided.

また、本発明によれば、
上述した本発明にかかる二次元コードの読取方法をコンピュータに実行させるプログラム、およびこのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体が提供される。
Moreover, according to the present invention,
A program for causing a computer to execute the above-described two-dimensional code reading method according to the present invention and a computer-readable recording medium on which the program is recorded are provided.

本発明によれば、汎用のレーザプリンタで印刷でき、充分な位置決め精度を確保できる大容量・小サイズの二次元コード、その読取方法、プログラムおよびコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体が提供される。   According to the present invention, there are provided a large-capacity and small-size two-dimensional code that can be printed by a general-purpose laser printer and can ensure sufficient positioning accuracy, a reading method thereof, a program, and a computer-readable recording medium.

本発明にかかる二次元コードの実施の一形態を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows one Embodiment of the two-dimensional code concerning this invention. 本発明にかかる二次元コードの読取方法の実施の一形態の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of one Embodiment of the reading method of the two-dimensional code concerning this invention. 図2に示す読取方法の概略手順を説明するフローチャートである。3 is a flowchart for explaining a schematic procedure of the reading method shown in FIG. 2.

以下、本発明の実施の形態のいくつかについて図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1)二次元コードの実施形態
図1は、本発明にかかる二次元コードの実施の一形態を示す概略図である。同図に示すように、本実施形態の二次元コード1は、二進化されたデータが明暗の正方形のセルの形態で格納されたマトリクスデータ部2と、マトリクスデータ部2を囲むように配置された線分LS11〜LS14(第1の線分)、LS31〜LS34(第3の線分)、LS51〜LS54(第5の線分)、LS71〜LS74(第7の線分)と、これらの線分のほぼ中央部からそれぞれ垂直に延設した見出し線R21〜R24(第2の線分)、R41〜R44(第4の線分)、R61〜R64(第6の線分)、R81〜R84(第8の線分)と、両端がLS54とLS74の端部に連続するL字の図形LCとを備える。
(1) Two-dimensional Code Embodiment FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a two-dimensional code according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the two-dimensional code 1 of the present embodiment is arranged so as to surround the matrix data portion 2 and the matrix data portion 2 in which the binarized data is stored in the form of light and dark square cells. Line segments LS11 to LS14 (first line segment), LS31 to LS34 (third line segment), LS51 to LS54 (fifth line segment), LS71 to LS74 (seventh line segment), and these Heading lines R21-R24 (second line segment), R41-R44 (fourth line segment), R61-R64 (sixth line segment), R81- R84 (eighth line segment) and an L-shaped graphic LC having both ends connected to the end portions of LS54 and LS74.

マトリクスデータ部1は、x方向およびy方向ともにそれぞれ3個(L=M=3)隣接して並べられた9つの小領域(図2参照)で構成される。小領域には、x方向およびy方向ともにそれぞれN個(Nは自然数)のデータセルが互いに隣接して配置されて構成される。本実施形態では、小領域の個数をx方向およびy方向ともに同一としたが、小領域の個数はこれに限ることなく、x方向とy方向とで互いに独立に変更可能である。   The matrix data section 1 is composed of nine small regions (see FIG. 2) arranged adjacent to each other in three (L = M = 3) in both the x and y directions. In the small area, N (N is a natural number) data cells are arranged adjacent to each other in both the x and y directions. In the present embodiment, the number of small regions is the same in both the x direction and the y direction, but the number of small regions is not limited to this, and can be changed independently in the x direction and the y direction.

上述した線分は、本実施形態において第1の図形を構成し、また、図形LCは、本実施形態において第2の図形を構成する。これらにより、後述する読み取り方法を用いてデータ密度情報(印刷ピッチ)とマトリクスデータ部の回転角が与えられる。各線分の幅は、データセルの一辺の長さと同じであり、また、各線分の長さは、データセルの一辺の長さを基本単位として決定される。   The line segments described above constitute the first graphic in the present embodiment, and the graphic LC constitutes the second graphic in the present embodiment. Thus, data density information (print pitch) and the rotation angle of the matrix data portion are given by using a reading method described later. The width of each line segment is the same as the length of one side of the data cell, and the length of each line segment is determined based on the length of one side of the data cell as a basic unit.

線分LS11〜LS14は、マトリクスデータ部2の周縁をなす四角形の辺aに沿って上記小領域のサイズに一致したピッチでそれぞれ配置される。同様に、線分LS31〜LS34は、辺bに沿って上記小領域のサイズに一致したピッチでそれぞれ配置される。この一方、線分LS51〜LS54は、辺cに離隔して辺cに平行な線に沿って上記小領域のサイズに一致したピッチでそれぞれ配置される。同様に、線分LS71〜LS74も辺dに離隔して辺dに平行な線に沿って上記小領域のサイズに一致したピッチでそれぞれ配置される。   The line segments LS11 to LS14 are respectively arranged at a pitch that matches the size of the small region along the square side a forming the periphery of the matrix data portion 2. Similarly, the line segments LS31 to LS34 are arranged along the side b at a pitch that matches the size of the small region. On the other hand, the line segments LS51 to LS54 are arranged at a pitch that matches the size of the small region along a line that is separated from the side c and parallel to the side c. Similarly, the line segments LS71 to LS74 are also arranged at a pitch that is spaced apart from the side d and matches the size of the small region along a line parallel to the side d.

見出し線R21〜R24は、それぞれ特定のデータセルの行方向または列方向の位置を指す。見出し線R21〜R24は、線分LS11〜LS14からマトリクスデータ部2の外側向きに延在するようにそれぞれ配置される。同様に、見出し線R41〜R44は、線分LS31〜LS34からマトリクスデータ部2の外側向きに延在するようにそれぞれ配置される。この一方、見出し線R61〜R64は、線分LS51〜LS54からマトリクスデータ部2へ向けて延在するようそれぞれに配置される。同様に、見出し線R81〜R84は、線分LS71〜LS74からマトリクスデータ部2へ向けて延在するようにそれぞれ配置される。   The header lines R21 to R24 indicate the positions of specific data cells in the row direction or the column direction, respectively. The header lines R21 to R24 are respectively arranged so as to extend from the line segments LS11 to LS14 toward the outside of the matrix data portion 2. Similarly, the heading lines R41 to R44 are arranged so as to extend from the line segments LS31 to LS34 toward the outside of the matrix data part 2, respectively. On the other hand, the heading lines R61 to R64 are arranged so as to extend from the line segments LS51 to LS54 toward the matrix data part 2, respectively. Similarly, the heading lines R81 to R84 are arranged so as to extend from the line segments LS71 to LS74 toward the matrix data part 2, respectively.

本実施形態において各見出し線の長さは全て同一であるが、内側向きの見出し線R61〜R64,R81〜R84がマトリクスデータ部2に重なることがないよう、線分LS51〜LS54、線分LS71〜LS74は、マトリクスデータ部2の周縁から離隔されて配置される。   In the present embodiment, the lengths of the headline lines are all the same, but the line segments LS51 to LS54 and line segment LS71 are arranged so that the headline lines R61 to R64 and R81 to R84 facing inward do not overlap the matrix data part 2. ˜LS74 are arranged apart from the peripheral edge of the matrix data portion 2.

見出し線の数は、マトリクスデータ部2に含まれる小領域の数およびその配置態様に応じて水平方向、垂直方向の各方向で独立に増減可能である。従って、データの容量や印刷する場所等の用途によって様々なサイズや形状の二次元コードを構成することが可能である。   The number of heading lines can be increased or decreased independently in each of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to the number of small areas included in the matrix data portion 2 and the arrangement mode thereof. Therefore, it is possible to construct two-dimensional codes of various sizes and shapes depending on the use such as the data capacity and the printing place.

L字の図形LCは、線分LS54と線分LS74の端部に連続する直交部分を有するので、後述する読み取り時の画像処理において、そのコーナAと接するように切り出し用の矩形エリアARを設定することにより、データセルの回転角度を取得することができ、また、コーナAは、後述するように、各セルの位置座標を特定するために二次元コード1の原点として利用することができる。   Since the L-shaped graphic LC has orthogonal portions that are continuous at the ends of the line segment LS54 and the line segment LS74, a rectangular area AR for clipping is set so as to be in contact with the corner A in image processing at the time of reading described later. Thus, the rotation angle of the data cell can be acquired, and the corner A can be used as the origin of the two-dimensional code 1 to specify the position coordinates of each cell, as will be described later.

このように、本実施形態の二次元コード1においては、マトリクスデータ部2の中に切り出しや位置決め等のための特別な印刷パターンが存在しないので、その分小面積でより多くのデータを搭載することができる。また、データ容量を増大させても、マトリクスデータ部2を囲む第1および第2の図形だけで切り出しと位置決めを行なうことができるので、二次元コード全体の占有面積は、データ容量の増大に比例する大きさよりもはるかに小さい。これにより、大容量の情報を高密度で格納する二次元コードが提供される。   As described above, in the two-dimensional code 1 of the present embodiment, since there is no special print pattern for clipping or positioning in the matrix data portion 2, more data is mounted in a small area accordingly. be able to. Further, even if the data capacity is increased, it is possible to cut out and position only with the first and second figures surrounding the matrix data portion 2, so that the area occupied by the entire two-dimensional code is proportional to the increase in the data capacity. Much smaller than the size you want. Thereby, a two-dimensional code for storing a large amount of information at a high density is provided.

(2)二次元コードの読取方法の実施形態
次に、図1に示す二次元コードの読取方法について本発明にかかる二次元コードの読取方法の実施の一形態として説明する。ここでは、本発明にかかる二次元コードに特有の読み取り手順のみを示し、読み取り処理上一般的に必要となる詳細な手順や調整に関する説明は省略する。
(2) Embodiment of two-dimensional code reading method
Next, the two-dimensional code reading method shown in FIG. 1 will be described as an embodiment of the two-dimensional code reading method according to the present invention. Here, only the reading procedure peculiar to the two-dimensional code according to the present invention is shown, and the detailed procedures and adjustments generally necessary for the reading process are omitted.

図2は、本実施形態の読取方法の説明図であり、また、図3は図2に示す読取方法の概略手順を示すフローチャートである。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the reading method of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a schematic procedure of the reading method shown in FIG.

1)まず、CCD等の撮像素子を用いて二次元コード1のデジタル画像データを取り込む(ステップS1)。   1) First, digital image data of the two-dimensional code 1 is captured using an image sensor such as a CCD (step S1).

2)次に、この画像データの縦横の暗セルが存在する分布(ヒストグラム)を調べ、図2に示すように、二次元コード1を取囲む矩形エリアARを画定する(ステップS2)。   2) Next, a distribution (histogram) in which vertical and horizontal dark cells of the image data exist is examined, and a rectangular area AR surrounding the two-dimensional code 1 is defined as shown in FIG. 2 (step S2).

3)次に、この矩形エリアARの周縁の各辺に接する点を探す(ステップS3)。図2の場合は、点A,E、F,Hが求まる。   3) Next, a point in contact with each edge of the rectangular area AR is searched (step S3). In the case of FIG. 2, points A, E, F, and H are obtained.

4)続いて、これらの点A,E、F,Hの相互に隣り合った点同士を結ぶ直線上のドットを調べ、暗い線分でコーナが構成されている点が何処にあるかを判定する(ステップS4)。図2に示す場合は、直線AEと直線AFとの交点およびその近傍にこのような線分が存在することが分る。この一方、直線EHと直線FH上にはコーナを構成する暗部が存在しない。直線AEと直線AFとの交点Aを二次元コード1の原点として選択する(ステップS5)。これにより、直線AEと矩形アリアARの辺との間の角度θを求めることで各データセルの回転角度を取得することができる。   4) Subsequently, the dots on the straight line connecting the points A, E, F, and H adjacent to each other are examined, and it is determined where the corner is composed of dark line segments. (Step S4). In the case shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that such a line segment exists at the intersection of the straight line AE and the straight line AF and in the vicinity thereof. On the other hand, there is no dark part constituting the corner on the straight line EH and the straight line FH. The intersection A between the straight line AE and the straight line AF is selected as the origin of the two-dimensional code 1 (step S5). Accordingly, the rotation angle of each data cell can be obtained by obtaining the angle θ between the straight line AE and the side of the rectangular area AR.

5)次に、直線AFと平行でかつ直線AF上の線分LS54と長さがほぼ同一である線分を点Aから点Eに向かって調べ、線分LS14を特定してその端点から点Bを特定し、さらにこの線分LS14の延長線上に点Hを特定する。同様にして、点Aから点Fに向かって直線AEと平行でかつ直線AE上の線分LS74および線分LS71と長さがそれぞれほぼ同一である線分LS61および線分LS31を調べ、これから点Cと点Gを求め、さらに直線BHと直線CGとの交点Dを特定する(ステップS6)。   5) Next, a line segment that is parallel to the straight line AF and substantially the same length as the line segment LS54 on the straight line AF is examined from the point A to the point E, the line segment LS14 is identified, and the point from the end point is identified. B is specified, and further, a point H is specified on the extended line of the line segment LS14. Similarly, a line segment LS74 and a line segment LS31 that are parallel to the line AE from the point A to the point F and that have almost the same length as the line segment LS74 and the line segment LS71 on the line AE are examined. C and point G are obtained, and an intersection D between the straight line BH and the straight line CG is specified (step S6).

6)次いで、線分AFに平行でかつ長さが同一である仮想破線(見出し破線)を設定し、点Aから出発して点Eの方向へbd1、bd2…と走査することにより、見出し線R44とR84,R43とR83,R42とR82を探索してゆく(ステップS7)。このとき、見出し線R44とR84とを結ぶ見出し破線bd1から点Aまでの距離と、各見出し線の長さとピッチとはデータセルのサイズを単位として既知の定数であるため、上述した手順で既に特定した各点A〜Dの間の位置関係に基づいて各見出し線の位置が予測できる。同様にして、線分AEに平行でかつ長さが同一である仮想破線を設定し、点Aから出発して点Fの方向へac1、ac2…と走査することにより、見出し線R24とR64,R23とR63,R22とR62を探索する(ステップS7)。ここで、線分ACからマトリクスデータ部2へ向って垂直に延在するものと認識された見出し線の数(本実施形態においてはR61〜R64の4本)と線分BDからマトリクスデータ部2の外側へ向って垂直に延在するものと認識された各見出し線の数(本実施形態においてR21〜R24の4本)とは同一であり、また同様に、線分ABからマトリクスデータ部2へ向って垂直に延在するものと認識された見出し線の数(本実施形態においてはR81〜R84の4本)と線分CDからマトリクスデータ部2の外側に垂直に延在すると認識された見出し線の数(本実施形態においてはR41〜R44の4本)とが同一であれば、正常に各見出し線の探索が行われたことを確認できる。また、上述したとおり、見出し線の数は、マトリクスデータ部2のデータ数に応じて水平方向、垂直方向の各方向で独立して決定されているので、各線分で認識された見出し線の数に応じて、マトリクスデータの容量を決定する。   6) Next, a virtual broken line (heading broken line) that is parallel to the line segment AF and has the same length is set, and scanning from the point A toward the point E is performed with bd1, bd2,. Search for R44 and R84, R43 and R83, and R42 and R82 (step S7). At this time, the distance from the heading broken line bd1 connecting the heading lines R44 and R84 to the point A, and the length and pitch of each heading line are known constants in units of the data cell size. The position of each headline can be predicted based on the positional relationship between the identified points A to D. Similarly, by setting a virtual broken line parallel to the line segment AE and having the same length, and scanning from the point A toward the point F with ac1, ac2,..., The heading lines R24 and R64, R23 and R63, and R22 and R62 are searched (step S7). Here, the number of heading lines recognized as extending vertically from the line segment AC to the matrix data part 2 (four lines R61 to R64 in the present embodiment) and the line segment BD to the matrix data part 2 The number of heading lines recognized as extending vertically outward from each other (four in this embodiment, R21 to R24) is the same, and similarly, from the line segment AB to the matrix data portion 2 It was recognized that the number of heading lines recognized as extending vertically toward the top (four in this embodiment, R81 to R84) and the line segment CD extended vertically outside the matrix data portion 2 If the number of heading lines (four in this embodiment, R41 to R44) is the same, it can be confirmed that each heading line has been normally searched. In addition, as described above, the number of heading lines is determined independently in each of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to the number of data in the matrix data section 2, so the number of heading lines recognized in each line segment. The capacity of the matrix data is determined accordingly.

7)続いて、図2の破線に示すように、4角形ABCDのそれぞれ平行する二辺で認識された見出し線の線上の点同士を順に結んで格子形状を構成する線分bd1〜bd3,ac1〜ac3を再度想定し、これらの線分の交点n11〜n33の座標を算出する(ステップS8)。これらの座標は、マトリクスデータ部2内のデータセルの座標を等間隔に抜き出したものに相当する。   7) Subsequently, as shown by the broken lines in FIG. 2, the line segments bd1 to bd3, ac1 constituting the lattice shape by sequentially connecting the points on the heading line recognized by the two parallel sides of the quadrangle ABCD. ˜ac3 is assumed again, and the coordinates of the intersections n11 to n33 of these line segments are calculated (step S8). These coordinates correspond to those obtained by extracting the coordinates of the data cells in the matrix data portion 2 at equal intervals.

8)さらに、上記7)で求めた交点の座標から、既知である見出し線間のセル数により各セルの座標値を求め、各セルの二進数の値をサンプリングしてビット列のデータとする(ステップS9)。   8) Further, from the coordinates of the intersection obtained in 7) above, the coordinate value of each cell is obtained from the known number of cells between the heading lines, and the binary value of each cell is sampled to obtain bit string data ( Step S9).

9)最後に、二次元コード1のビット列データには誤り訂正符号が予め付加されているので、これを用いて誤り訂正を行う。これにより、元のデータが復元される(ステップS10)。   9) Finally, since an error correction code is added in advance to the bit string data of the two-dimensional code 1, error correction is performed using this. As a result, the original data is restored (step S10).

このように、本実施形態の二次元コードの読取方法によれば、データセルの一辺の長さを基本単位として決定される長さの見出し線分を所定ピッチでマトリクスデータ部2の周囲に配置し、これを用いてマトリクスデータ部2内のデータセルを等分割してその位置座標を求めるので、簡易な画像処理により、2進化されたデータを高精度で復元できるとともに、データ容量をも迅速に取得することができる。   As described above, according to the two-dimensional code reading method of the present embodiment, the header line segments having a length determined based on the length of one side of the data cell are arranged around the matrix data portion 2 at a predetermined pitch. In this way, the data cells in the matrix data section 2 are equally divided and their position coordinates are obtained, so that the binarized data can be restored with high accuracy and the data capacity can be quickly obtained by simple image processing. Can be obtained.

(3)プログラムおよび記録媒体
上述した二次元コードの読取方法の一連の手順は、プログラムに組み込んで画像データ処理可能なコンピュータに読込ませて実行させても良い。これにより、本発明にかかる二次元コードの読取方法を汎用コンピュータを用いて実現することができる。また、上述した二次元コードの読取方法の一連の手順を画像データ処理可能なコンピュータに実行させるプログラムとしてフレキシブルディスクやCD−ROM等の記録媒体に収納し、コンピュータに読込ませて実行させても良い。記録媒体は、磁気ディスクや光ディスク等の携帯可能なものに限定されず、ハードディスク装置やメモリなどの固定型の記録媒体でも良い。また、上述した二次元コードの読取方法の一連の手順を組込んだプログラムをインターネット等の通信回線(無線通信を含む)を介して頒布しても良い。さらに、上述した二次元コードの読取方法の一連の手順を組込んだプログラムを暗号化したり、変調をかけたり、圧縮した状態で、インターネット等の有線回線や無線回線を介して、あるいは記録媒体に収納して頒布しても良い。
(3) Program and Recording Medium A series of procedures of the above-described two-dimensional code reading method may be incorporated in a program and read by a computer capable of processing image data and executed. Thereby, the reading method of the two-dimensional code concerning this invention is realizable using a general purpose computer. Further, a series of procedures of the above-described two-dimensional code reading method may be stored in a recording medium such as a flexible disk or a CD-ROM as a program to be executed by a computer capable of processing image data, and read and executed by the computer. . The recording medium is not limited to a portable medium such as a magnetic disk or an optical disk, but may be a fixed recording medium such as a hard disk device or a memory. A program incorporating a series of procedures of the above-described two-dimensional code reading method may be distributed via a communication line (including wireless communication) such as the Internet. Further, a program incorporating a series of procedures of the above-described two-dimensional code reading method is encrypted, modulated, or compressed, via a wired line such as the Internet or a wireless line, or on a recording medium. It can be stored and distributed.

以上、本発明の実施の形態のいくつかについて説明したが、本発明は上記形態にかぎることなく、その技術的範囲内で種々変形して実施できることは勿論である。   Although some of the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be variously modified within the technical scope.

1 二次元コード
2 マトリクスデータ部
bd1〜bd3,ac1〜ac3 仮想破線
LS11〜LS14 第1の線分
LS31〜LS34 第3の線分
LS51〜LS54 第5の線分)
LS71〜LS74 第7の線分
LC L字図形(第2の図形)
R21〜R24,R41〜R44,R61〜R64,R81〜R84 見出し線(第2、第4、第6、第8の線分)
1 Two-dimensional code 2 Matrix data parts bd1 to bd3, ac1 to ac3 Virtual broken lines LS11 to LS14 First line segment LS31 to LS34 Third line segment LS51 to LS54 Fifth line segment)
LS71 to LS74 Seventh line segment LC L-shaped figure (second figure)
R21 to R24, R41 to R44, R61 to R64, R81 to R84 Heading lines (second, fourth, sixth and eighth line segments)

Claims (7)

バイナリーのデータをセル化して、二次元マトリクス状に記号を構成配置した二次元コードであって、
二次元マトリクス領域はデータ要素のみにより構成され、該二次元マトリクスの周辺部を破線にて囲み、隣接する周辺部二辺の破線内側に見出し線を一定間隔に配置し、他の2辺には周辺部の破線の外側に見出し線を配置して、位置情報を取得できることを特徴とする二次元コード。
It is a two-dimensional code in which binary data is converted into cells and symbols are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix,
The two-dimensional matrix area is composed only of data elements, the peripheral part of the two-dimensional matrix is surrounded by broken lines, heading lines are arranged at regular intervals inside the broken lines of two adjacent peripheral parts, and the other two sides are A two-dimensional code characterized in that a position line can be obtained by arranging a heading line outside a broken line in a peripheral portion.
前記他の2辺に配置された見出し線は、辺毎に4本であり、データ密度を得る手段をなすことを特徴とする請求項1記載の二次元コード。   2. The two-dimensional code according to claim 1, wherein the number of heading lines arranged on the other two sides is four for each side, and serves as means for obtaining data density. 前記二次元マトリクスの領域内には、データ密度と位置決め情報を含まないことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の二次元コード。   3. The two-dimensional code according to claim 1, wherein a data density and positioning information are not included in the region of the two-dimensional matrix. 前記見出し線の数および記号のサイズは、前記二次元マトリクスの記録情報量の増減に依存して変化することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の二次元コード。   4. The two-dimensional code according to claim 1, wherein the number of heading lines and the size of the symbols change depending on an increase or decrease in the amount of recorded information in the two-dimensional matrix. 二進化されたデータのビットが明部または暗部の正方形データセルとして記号
化されて二次元マトリクスをなすように配置されたデータ部と、前記データ部の周囲部に配置され、前記セルの印刷ピッチの情報を与える第1の図形と、前記データ部の周囲部に配置され、前記セルの回転方向の情報を与える第2の図形と、を備える二次元コードであって、
前記データ部は、互いに直行する第1および第2の方向に前記データセルが互いに隣接してそれぞれN個(Nは自然数)配置された正方形の小領域が、前記第1の方向にL個(Lは自然数)、前記2の方向にM個(Mは自然数)だけ互いに隣接して配置されて構成され、前記データ部の周縁の形状は、前記第2の方向の第1の辺と、この第1の辺に直交する第2の辺と、互いに直交し前記第1および第2の辺にそれぞれ対向する第3および第4の辺と、を有する矩形であり、
前記第1の図形は、
前記第1の辺に沿って前記データ部に近接して配置され、前記第1の辺と前記第2の辺との交点の近傍を起点として前記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(M+1)個の第1の線分と、
前記第1の方向であって前記データ部の外側へ向けて前記第1の線分のほぼ中央からそれぞれ突出するように設けられた(M+1)個の第2の線分と、
前記第2の辺に沿って前記データ部に近接して配置され、第1個目の前記第2の線分の頂点を起点として前記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(L+1)個の第3の線分と、
前記第2の方向であって前記データ部の外側へ向けて前記第2の線分のほぼ中央からそれぞれ突出するように設けられた(L+1)個の第4の線分と、
前記第3の辺に平行な線に沿って前記データ部に離隔して配置され、前記第4の線分の頂点を結ぶ線上の一点を起点として前記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(M+1)個の第5の線分と、
対応する前記第2の線分の延長線上にそれぞれ配置され、前記第5の線分のほぼ中央から前記データ部の側へ向けて延出するように設けられた(M+1)個の第6の線分と、
前記第4の辺に平行な線に沿って前記データ部に離隔して配置され、前記第2の線分の頂点を結ぶ線上の一点を起点として前記小領域のサイズに応じたピッチで互いに離隔して配置された(L+1)個の第7の線分と、
対応する前記第4の線分の延長線上にそれぞれ配置され、前記第7の線分のほぼ中央から前記データ部へ向けて突出するように設けられた第8の線分と、を含み、
前記第2の図形は、その両端が前記(M+1)個目の第5の線分と前記(L+1)個目の第7の線分に連続するように設けられるL字の図形であり、
前記第5の線分と前記第7の線分は、前記第6の線分の頂点と前記第8の線分の頂点がそれぞれ前記第3の辺と前記第4の辺から離隔するように前記データ部から離隔して配置される、二次元コードの読取方法であって、
前記二次元コードの画像を取得する手順と、
取得された前記画像内で、周縁が前記第2の図形のコーナ部に接するとともに、第1個目の前記第5の線分の少なくとも一部と第1個目の第7の線分の少なくとも一部とを含むように、前記パターンを取囲む矩形領域を切り出す手順と、
前記コーナ部との接点、前記第1個目の第7の線分と前記矩形領域の周縁との接点および前記第1個目の前記第5の線分と前記矩形領域の周縁との接点をそれぞれ第1の接点、第2の接点および第3の接点として特定し、第1個目の前記第1の線分または第1個目の前記第3の線分と前記矩形領域の周縁との接点を第4の接点として認識する手順と、
前記第1の接点と前記第2の接点とを結ぶ第9の線分を設定し、前記第1の接点と前記第3の接点とを結ぶ第10の線分を設定する手順と、
前記第9の線分に平行な第1の仮想線を設定して前記第2の接点から前記第4の接点の方向へ移動させることにより、前記第7の線分と前記第2の線分と前記第6の線分と前記第3の線分とを認識する手順と、
前記第10の線分に平行な第2の仮想線を設定して前記第3の接点から前記第4の接点の方向へ移動させることにより、前記第5の線分と前記第4の線分と前記第8の線分と前記第1の線分とを認識する手順と、
認識された第2、第4、第6、および第8の線分の数量に基づいて前記データ部における前記データの容量を算出する手順と、
前記矩形領域の周縁をなす辺のうち互いに直交する2辺をX軸またはY軸とする座標系を設定して前記データ部内の各セルの座標を特定する手順と、
前記セル座標に基づいて前記記号化されたデータをビット列データに変換する手順と、
を備える二次元コードの読取方法。
Data bits arranged as binary data bits are symbolized as light data or dark data square data cells to form a two-dimensional matrix, and arranged around the data parts, and the print pitch of the cells A two-dimensional code comprising: a first graphic that provides information on the second data; and a second graphic that is disposed around the data portion and that provides information on the rotation direction of the cell,
The data section includes L small square regions each having N (N is a natural number) arranged adjacent to each other in the first and second directions perpendicular to each other in the first direction. L is a natural number), and M pieces (M is a natural number) are arranged adjacent to each other in the two directions, and the shape of the periphery of the data portion is the first side in the second direction, A rectangle having a second side orthogonal to the first side and third and fourth sides orthogonal to each other and facing the first and second sides, respectively.
The first figure is
It is arranged close to the data part along the first side, and is separated from each other at a pitch according to the size of the small region, starting from the vicinity of the intersection of the first side and the second side. (M + 1) first line segments arranged in a
(M + 1) second line segments provided so as to protrude from the approximate center of the first line segment toward the outside of the data portion in the first direction,
Arranged close to the data portion along the second side, and spaced apart from each other at a pitch corresponding to the size of the small region, starting from the vertex of the first second line segment (L + 1) third line segments;
(L + 1) fourth line segments provided so as to protrude from substantially the center of the second line segment toward the outside of the data portion in the second direction,
Separated from the data portion along a line parallel to the third side, and separated from each other at a pitch according to the size of the small region, starting from one point on the line connecting the vertices of the fourth line segment (M + 1) fifth line segments arranged as follows:
(M + 1) sixth sixth lines arranged on the extension lines of the corresponding second line segments and provided so as to extend from approximately the center of the fifth line segments toward the data portion side. A line segment,
Separated from the data portion along a line parallel to the fourth side, and separated from each other at a pitch according to the size of the small region, starting from one point on the line connecting the vertices of the second line segment. (L + 1) seventh line segments arranged as follows:
An eighth line segment disposed on an extension line of the corresponding fourth line segment and provided so as to protrude from substantially the center of the seventh line segment toward the data portion,
The second graphic is an L-shaped graphic provided so that both ends thereof are continuous with the (M + 1) th fifth line segment and the (L + 1) th seventh line segment,
The fifth line segment and the seventh line segment are arranged such that the vertex of the sixth line segment and the vertex of the eighth line segment are separated from the third side and the fourth side, respectively. A method for reading a two-dimensional code, arranged apart from the data portion,
A procedure for obtaining an image of the two-dimensional code;
In the acquired image, a peripheral edge is in contact with a corner portion of the second graphic, and at least a part of the first line segment and at least a first line segment are included. Cutting out a rectangular region surrounding the pattern so as to include a part;
A contact point with the corner portion, a contact point between the first seventh line segment and the peripheral edge of the rectangular region, and a contact point between the first fifth line segment and the peripheral edge of the rectangular region Identify the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact, respectively, and the first first segment or the first third segment and the periphery of the rectangular region Recognizing the contact as the fourth contact;
Setting a ninth line connecting the first contact and the second contact, and setting a tenth line connecting the first contact and the third contact;
By setting a first virtual line parallel to the ninth line segment and moving it from the second contact point toward the fourth contact point, the seventh line segment and the second line segment are moved. Recognizing the sixth line segment and the third line segment;
By setting a second imaginary line parallel to the tenth line segment and moving it from the third contact point toward the fourth contact point, the fifth line segment and the fourth line segment are set. Recognizing the eighth line segment and the first line segment;
Calculating the capacity of the data in the data portion based on the recognized number of second, fourth, sixth, and eighth line segments;
A procedure for setting a coordinate system in which two sides orthogonal to each other among the sides forming the periphery of the rectangular region are set as an X axis or a Y axis to identify the coordinates of each cell in the data part;
Converting the symbolized data into bit string data based on the cell coordinates;
A method for reading a two-dimensional code comprising:
前記第1の線分乃至前記第8の線分の長さは、前記データセルの一辺の長さを基本単位としてそれぞれ決定されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の二次元コードの読取方法。   6. The two-dimensional code reading according to claim 5, wherein the lengths of the first line segment to the eighth line segment are determined based on a length of one side of the data cell as a basic unit. Method. 請求項5または6に記載の二次元コードの読取方法をコンピュータに実行させるプログラム。   A program for causing a computer to execute the two-dimensional code reading method according to claim 5.
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