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- JP2011105534A5 JP2011105534A5 JP2009260542A JP2009260542A JP2011105534A5 JP 2011105534 A5 JP2011105534 A5 JP 2011105534A5 JP 2009260542 A JP2009260542 A JP 2009260542A JP 2009260542 A JP2009260542 A JP 2009260542A JP 2011105534 A5 JP2011105534 A5 JP 2011105534A5
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- combustion engine
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- photocatalyst
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 100
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N TiO Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229910001929 titanium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon(0) Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003660 Reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、光触媒作用を利用して、内燃機関及び燃料電池に水素を供給する水素供給装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a hydrogen supply device that supplies hydrogen to an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell using photocatalysis.
将来のクリーンエネルギーである水素を燃料とする水素エンジン自動車、燃料電池自動車等が開発されているが、燃料の水素を貯蔵する水素タンクを搭載するにあたって、高圧で多量の水素貯蔵にたいしての危険性、及び水素補給施設の設置の金額的な問題もあり、現状では普及するに至っていいない。 Hydrogen engine vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, etc. that use hydrogen as the future clean energy as fuel have been developed, but the danger of storing a large amount of hydrogen at high pressure when installing a hydrogen tank to store hydrogen of fuel, In addition, there is also a problem with the amount of money for installing a hydrogen replenishment facility.
そこで、自動車に水素発生装置を搭載して、水などから水素を生産してエンジンの燃料とする考案がされている。例えば文献１では、水を電気分解してできた水素、酸素をエンジンに送る。文献２では、電気分解して生じた水素ガスを従来の燃料と共に使い従来の燃料の燃費を改善する考案がされている。 Therefore, a device has been devised in which a hydrogen generator is mounted on an automobile to produce hydrogen from water or the like and use it as an engine fuel. For example, in Document 1, hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolyzing water are sent to the engine. In Document 2, hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis is used together with a conventional fuel to devise a fuel efficiency improvement of the conventional fuel.
しかしながら、前記の水分解方法は、電極に電位をかけて行う従来からの電気分解と同じで両極の金属を変えても水素製造方法としては従来の電気分解と変わりはなく、電気分解に使った電力よりも水素を燃料として得られるエネルギーや電力の効率が低いという問題は解決されていない。 However, the above water decomposition method is the same as the conventional electrolysis performed by applying an electric potential to the electrode. Even if the metal of both electrodes is changed, the hydrogen production method is the same as the conventional electrolysis and used for the electrolysis. The problem that the energy obtained from hydrogen as a fuel and the efficiency of electric power is lower than electric power has not been solved.
本発明は、内燃機関及び燃料電池に水素を製造して供給する水素供給装置において、電極に電位を与えて水を電気分解する従来の方法ではない方法で水素を供給する装置を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention provides a hydrogen supply apparatus for producing and supplying hydrogen to an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, in which hydrogen is supplied by a method that is not a conventional method for electrolyzing water by applying a potential to an electrode. Let it be an issue.
前記課題を解決するため、本発明では光触媒を用いて光により水を水素と酸素に分解する現象を利用する。つまり、水中の光触媒に光を当てることによって水を瞬時に酸素と水素に分解する強い酸化力を利用する。尚、光触媒の反応を高める助触媒も使用する。また、太陽光を利用することで電力を使わずに水素を発生させる。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention utilizes a phenomenon in which water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by light using a photocatalyst. In other words, it uses a strong oxidizing power that instantly decomposes water into oxygen and hydrogen by applying light to the photocatalyst in water. A co-catalyst that enhances the reaction of the photocatalyst is also used. In addition, by using sunlight, hydrogen is generated without using electricity.
本発明による水素供給装置は、電気分解に比べ水素発生効率を高めることができる。また、太陽光があれば光源用の電力を必要とせずに水素を水素タンクに供給できる。また、内燃機関、又は燃料電池の稼働中でも水素を供給出来ることで、従来のような大型の水素タンクを搭載することなく水素を供給できる為、安全性が向上する乗り物を提供できる。さらに、水素スタンドなどの水素補給施設も従来の石油系燃料も代替燃料も不要になる。 The hydrogen supply apparatus according to the present invention can increase the hydrogen generation efficiency as compared with electrolysis. In addition, if there is sunlight, hydrogen can be supplied to the hydrogen tank without requiring power for the light source. In addition, since hydrogen can be supplied even when the internal combustion engine or the fuel cell is in operation, hydrogen can be supplied without mounting a conventional large-sized hydrogen tank, so that a vehicle with improved safety can be provided. In addition, hydrogen supply facilities such as hydrogen stations, conventional petroleum fuels, and alternative fuels are not required.
光触媒の特徴として大きく分けて二つの触媒の構成方法がある。第１は電極とする方法で、例えば内燃機関、又は内燃機関を搭載した乗り物などに装備されている水タンクなどの水貯蔵容器内の水中に光触媒である酸化チタンの電極と助触媒の白金を施した電極を浸す方法。第２は水タンク内に光触媒、又は光触媒と助触媒を敷設、配置又は塗装することも出来る。 There are two general methods for configuring the catalyst as the characteristics of the photocatalyst. The first is a method of using an electrode. For example, an electrode of titanium oxide as a photocatalyst and platinum as a cocatalyst are placed in water in a water storage container such as an internal combustion engine or a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. A method of immersing the applied electrode. Second, a photocatalyst, or a photocatalyst and a cocatalyst can be laid, arranged or painted in the water tank.
以下、本発明の代表的な実施例を内燃機関、または内燃機関用の水素タンクに供給する例として図面に基づいて説明する。なお、本発明の図面において、同一の参照符号は、同一部分または相当部分を表すものとする。 Hereinafter, a representative embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings as an example of supplying an internal combustion engine or a hydrogen tank for an internal combustion engine. In the drawings of the present invention, the same reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts.
図１は、本発明の水素供給装置の第１実施例を示す説明図である。水タンク１内に酸化チタン電極２と白金電極３を配置し両電極を抵抗８でつないだ閉回路とする。両電極は仕切り板６によって２室に分けてある。これにより水素と酸素を別にして取り出せる。但し、仕切り板６の下方は水タンク１の底部に接しないように隙間をとる。これは水の注入口を一つにする為と２室の水面を同一にする為である。なお、水タンク１には図示していない注入口も設けておく。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a first embodiment of the hydrogen supply apparatus of the present invention. A closed circuit in which a titanium oxide electrode 2 and a platinum electrode 3 are arranged in a water tank 1 and both electrodes are connected by a resistor 8 is used. Both electrodes are divided into two chambers by a partition plate 6. Thereby, hydrogen and oxygen can be taken out separately. However, a gap is provided below the partition plate 6 so as not to contact the bottom of the water tank 1. This is to make the water surface of the two chambers the same to make one water inlet. The water tank 1 is also provided with an inlet not shown.
酸化チタン電極２は光を受ける電極面を水面９に対し平行に設け、浮力装置５により水面９より少し下の水中でキセノンランプ４の光を受けられるように配置し水面の変化に伴って上下移動できる構造となっている。これにより、キセノンランプ４からの光を水の増減に関係なく、常に一定の照度と一定の受光面積で受けることが可能になる。 The titanium oxide electrode 2 has an electrode surface that receives light parallel to the water surface 9 and is arranged so that it can receive the light of the xenon lamp 4 in water slightly below the water surface 9 by the buoyancy device 5. It has a movable structure. Thereby, it becomes possible to always receive light from the xenon lamp 4 with a constant illuminance and a constant light receiving area regardless of the increase or decrease of water.
キセノンランプ４は、酸化チタン電極２の上部の水タンク１外側に配置し、水タンク１に取り付けたアクリル板７を通して酸化チタン電極２へ光を照射する。なお、アクリル板７の両面には酸化チタンを塗布する。これにより光が当たっている間、光触媒の作用によりアクリル板７の表面の汚れを防ぐことができる。 The xenon lamp 4 is disposed outside the water tank 1 above the titanium oxide electrode 2 and irradiates the titanium oxide electrode 2 with light through an acrylic plate 7 attached to the water tank 1. Titanium oxide is applied to both surfaces of the acrylic plate 7. This makes it possible to prevent the surface of the acrylic plate 7 from being soiled by the action of the photocatalyst while it is exposed to light.
酸化チタン電極２はキセノンランプ４の光を受け酸素を発生し、白金電極３からは水素を発生する。水素は白金電極３上部の管より図示していない内燃機関の水素タンクへ送ることが出来る。この他、直接内燃機関の燃焼室へ送ることもできる。酸素は酸化チタン電極２上部の管を通して内燃機関の空気吸入装置へ送ることでより酸素密度を高めることができる。なお、キセノンランプ４の電源は蓄電池など任意でよいが、微弱な電力ですむため図示しない内燃機関の発電機による電力で充分賄うことができる。また、両電極の枚数や表面積は水タンク１の容量や水素の供給量により任意にして良い。 The titanium oxide electrode 2 receives oxygen from the xenon lamp 4 to generate oxygen, and the platinum electrode 3 generates hydrogen. Hydrogen can be sent from a tube above the platinum electrode 3 to a hydrogen tank of an internal combustion engine (not shown). In addition, it can also be sent directly to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Oxygen can be further increased by sending oxygen to the air intake device of the internal combustion engine through the pipe above the titanium oxide electrode 2. The power source of the xenon lamp 4 may be arbitrary, such as a storage battery. However, the power of the xenon lamp 4 may be weak, and can be sufficiently covered by power from a generator of an internal combustion engine (not shown). Further, the number and surface area of both electrodes may be arbitrarily determined depending on the capacity of the water tank 1 and the supply amount of hydrogen.
図２は、本発明の第２実施例を示す説明図である。酸化チタン電極２に照射する光をキセノンランプ４だけでなく太陽光も加えたことを特徴とする。また、酸化チタン電極２まで太陽光を導き照射する為にグラスファイバー１０を装備することも特徴とする。 FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the present invention. It is characterized in that not only the xenon lamp 4 but also sunlight is added to the titanium oxide electrode 2. Further, it is also characterized in that a glass fiber 10 is provided to guide and irradiate sunlight to the titanium oxide electrode 2.
グラスファイバー１０は酸化チタン電極２側の水タンク１上部から水中まで通して酸化チタン電極２上部に配設する。これにより太陽光の照度の減少を抑えることができる。グラスファバー１０の外側先端には太陽光をより多く集めるための集光装置１１を備え、太陽光を酸化チタン電極２に照射する先端には光をより拡散するための光拡散装置１２を備えている。水タンク１下部にはキセノンランプ４を備えアクリル板７を通してチタン電極２に光を照射する事が出来る。なお、集光装置１１及び光拡散装置１２の表面にも酸化チタンを施してある。これにより表面の汚れを防ぎ太陽光の照度を落とさずに酸化チタン電極２に照射することができる。 The glass fiber 10 passes from the upper part of the water tank 1 on the titanium oxide electrode 2 side to the water and is disposed on the upper part of the titanium oxide electrode 2. Thereby, the fall of the illumination intensity of sunlight can be suppressed. A condensing device 11 for collecting more sunlight is provided at the outer tip of the glass fiber 10, and a light diffusing device 12 for further diffusing light is provided at the tip for irradiating the titanium oxide electrode 2 with sunlight. ing. A xenon lamp 4 is provided at the bottom of the water tank 1, and light can be irradiated to the titanium electrode 2 through the acrylic plate 7. Titanium oxide is also applied to the surfaces of the light collecting device 11 and the light diffusing device 12. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the surface from being soiled and to irradiate the titanium oxide electrode 2 without reducing the illuminance of sunlight.
酸化チタン電極２と白金電極３は水タンク１底部に配設し、酸化チタン電極２には傾斜を与えておく。これにより、酸化チタン電極２下側から発生する酸素も滞らず傾斜に沿って上方へ流れて行くことが出来る。なお、酸化チタン電極２は水タンク１下の部分に装備されたキセノンランプ４の光も受けられるように両面に酸化チタンを施してある。これにより、太陽光があれば内燃機関が稼働していなくても水素を生産し水素タンクなどに貯めることができる。また、内燃機関が稼働すれば図示しない内燃機関の発電機からの電力によりキセノンランプ４からも照射できるので水素供給効率が向上する。 The titanium oxide electrode 2 and the platinum electrode 3 are disposed at the bottom of the water tank 1 and the titanium oxide electrode 2 is inclined. Thereby, the oxygen generated from the lower side of the titanium oxide electrode 2 can also flow upward along the slope. The titanium oxide electrode 2 is provided with titanium oxide on both sides so that it can receive light from a xenon lamp 4 provided in the lower part of the water tank 1. Thereby, if there is sunlight, even if the internal combustion engine is not operating, hydrogen can be produced and stored in a hydrogen tank or the like. Moreover, if the internal combustion engine is operated, the xenon lamp 4 can irradiate with electric power from a generator of the internal combustion engine (not shown), so that the hydrogen supply efficiency is improved.
図３は、本発明の第３実施例を示す説明図である。本実施例では、水タンク１の内部に酸化チタン層１３を敷設し、発生させた酸素と水素を混合させて供給することを特徴とする。また、キセノンランプ４の電力源に太陽電池１５も使用することを特徴とする。 FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a titanium oxide layer 13 is laid inside the water tank 1, and the generated oxygen and hydrogen are mixed and supplied. Further, the solar battery 15 is also used as a power source for the xenon lamp 4.
水タンク１内に敷設した酸化チタン層１３は表面に間隔を開けて白金層１４を付着させている。水タンク１上部にはキセノンランプ４を配置し透明なアクリル板７を通して酸化チタン層１３に光を照射し、酸素と水素を発生させ混合気体として燃焼室へ供給する。 The titanium oxide layer 13 laid in the water tank 1 has a platinum layer 14 attached to the surface with a gap. A xenon lamp 4 is disposed in the upper part of the water tank 1 and light is irradiated to the titanium oxide layer 13 through the transparent acrylic plate 7 to generate oxygen and hydrogen, which are supplied to the combustion chamber as a mixed gas.
キセノンランプ４の電力源は、内燃機関の稼働による発電機１７からの電力と太陽電池１５の電力を併用出来る。これにより内燃機関が稼働していない状態でも太陽電池１５が機能を発揮出来る状態の時は、太陽電池１５から蓄電池１６を介してキセノンランプ４へ電力を送ることが可能になり、水素と酸素の混合気体を貯蔵タンクなどに蓄えることができる。また、蓄電池１６に電力を蓄えることもできる。 The power source of the xenon lamp 4 can use both the power from the generator 17 due to the operation of the internal combustion engine and the power of the solar cell 15. As a result, when the solar cell 15 can perform its function even when the internal combustion engine is not operating, power can be sent from the solar cell 15 to the xenon lamp 4 via the storage battery 16, and hydrogen and oxygen can be transmitted. The mixed gas can be stored in a storage tank or the like. In addition, power can be stored in the storage battery 16.
図４は、本発明の第４実施例であり、水素供給装置からピストンエンジン２６の燃焼室までの水素供給の過程を示した説明図である。 FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a process of hydrogen supply from the hydrogen supply device to the combustion chamber of the piston engine 26 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
本実施例は、第１及び第２実施例の水タンク１を酸化チタン電極側タンク１９と白金電極側タンク１８の二つに分けたことを特徴とする。両タンク内の電極は抵抗８でつないだ閉回路を構成しており、図示していない酸化チタン電極へ照射する光は太陽電池１５と発電機１７の電力を併用して蓄電池１６に送り、蓄電池１６からの電力によりキセノンランプ４を点灯させ、酸化チタン電極側タンク１９から酸素、白金電極側タンク１８から水素を発生させる。なお、酸化チタン電極側タンク１９と白金電極側タンク１８には、図示していないが、水の注入、補充が可能な注入口、又は注入管を備えている。 The present embodiment is characterized in that the water tank 1 of the first and second embodiments is divided into a titanium oxide electrode side tank 19 and a platinum electrode side tank 18. The electrodes in both tanks constitute a closed circuit connected by a resistor 8, and light irradiated to a titanium oxide electrode (not shown) is sent to the storage battery 16 by using the power of the solar battery 15 and the generator 17 together. The xenon lamp 4 is turned on by the electric power from 16 to generate oxygen from the titanium oxide electrode side tank 19 and hydrogen from the platinum electrode side tank 18. Although not shown, the titanium oxide electrode side tank 19 and the platinum electrode side tank 18 are provided with an inlet or an injection pipe that can inject and replenish water.
白金電極側タンク１８からの水素は水素電送管２０を通り圧縮装置２１により加圧されて水素タンク２２へ送られる。水素タンク２２はピストンエンジン２６が稼働しない時でも太陽電池１５又は蓄電池１６の電力によりキセノンランプ４を点灯させ水素を蓄えることができる。また、圧縮装置２１により大気圧以上の圧力で蓄える事ができる。なお、この時の圧縮装置２１を駆動させる電力も蓄電池１６の電力を使用する。 Hydrogen from the platinum electrode side tank 18 passes through the hydrogen transmission pipe 20, is pressurized by the compression device 21, and is sent to the hydrogen tank 22. The hydrogen tank 22 can store hydrogen by turning on the xenon lamp 4 by the electric power of the solar battery 15 or the storage battery 16 even when the piston engine 26 is not operated. Further, the pressure can be stored at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure by the compression device 21. In addition, the electric power which drives the compression apparatus 21 at this time also uses the electric power of the storage battery 16.
水素タンク２２に蓄えられた水素はマニホールド２４によりピストンエンジン２６の気筒数に分けて水素ガスインジェクション２５より燃焼室へ噴射される。尚、酸化チタン電極側タンク１９から発生した酸素の使い方は、酸素電送管２３を通して内燃機関の吸気筒、又は空気取り入れ口に接続し吸入空気の酸素濃度を高めることもできるし、水素と混合させて燃焼効率を調節するなど任意にしてよい。 The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank 22 is divided into the number of cylinders of the piston engine 26 by the manifold 24 and injected from the hydrogen gas injection 25 into the combustion chamber. Note that oxygen generated from the titanium oxide electrode side tank 19 can be connected to an intake cylinder of an internal combustion engine or an air intake through an oxygen transmission pipe 23 to increase the oxygen concentration of the intake air, or mixed with hydrogen. The combustion efficiency may be adjusted arbitrarily.
本実施例では水タンクを二つにわけたが、これにより両タンクの設置場所が自由になり、特に白金電極側タンク１８と水素タンク２２を、より安全な任意の場所に装備することが可能になる。尚この際、大元の水タンクを装備して両タンクへ水を供給することも任意にできる。また、太陽電池１５は自動車ではボンネット、屋根、トランクなど、船舶では甲板、航空機では機体の上部、又は翼など日当たりの良い任意の場所に設置してよい。また、内燃機関を動力とする発電機に装備した場合は発電機と離して任意の日当たりの良い場所に設置することができる。 In this embodiment, the water tank is divided into two, but this makes the installation place of both tanks free. In particular, the platinum electrode side tank 18 and the hydrogen tank 22 can be installed in any safer place. become. In this case, it is possible to arbitrarily supply water to both tanks by installing a large water tank. Further, the solar cell 15 may be installed in a sunny place such as a bonnet, a roof, or a trunk in an automobile, a deck in a ship, an upper part of an airframe in an aircraft, or a wing. Moreover, when it equips with the generator which uses an internal combustion engine as motive power, it can install in arbitrary sunny places apart from a generator.
以上、本発明の基本的な実施例について説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではない。第１及び第２実施例の水タンク１を第４実施例の如く分離してもよいし、第２実施例では太陽光をグラスファイバー１０により酸化チタン電極２へ照射したが、キセノンランプ４の光をグラスファイバー１０を通して酸化チタンに照射することも出来る。また、第２実施例のグラスファイバー１０と第３実施例の太陽電池１５を併用することも自由にできる。また、光の当て方も水タンク１の上下方向だけでなく横方向や容器を凹ませて照射しても良い。また、実施例１及び２ではキセノンランプ４の光を水タンク１内に照射する部分には透明なアクリル板７を使用したが、この他に水タンク１自体を透明な材質にすることも任意にできる。また、水を貯蔵するだけの水タンクと、前記水タンクから水を供給されて水素を発生させる容器とを備えた水素供給装置において、前記容器自体を透明な材質にすることも任意にできる。さらに、水タンク１及び前記容器の光を取り込む部分にもアクリル板７同様に酸化チタンなどの光触媒を施して汚れを防ぐことも自由に出来る。また、光源としてはキセノンランプ４に限らず紫外線又は可視光など種々の光に反応する光触媒の種類によって他のランプや蛍光灯など他の照明器具を用いる事も自由であり、形状や光量、照度も任意でよい。また、容器の形状も箱状、球状、管状など任意の形状でよい。 The basic embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The water tank 1 of the first and second embodiments may be separated as in the fourth embodiment. In the second embodiment, sunlight is irradiated to the titanium oxide electrode 2 by the glass fiber 10, but the xenon lamp 4 Light can also be irradiated to the titanium oxide through the glass fiber 10. Further, the glass fiber 10 of the second embodiment and the solar cell 15 of the third embodiment can be freely used together. In addition, the light may be irradiated not only in the vertical direction of the water tank 1 but also in the horizontal direction or with the container recessed. In the first and second embodiments, the transparent acrylic plate 7 is used for the portion that irradiates the light from the xenon lamp 4 into the water tank 1, but it is also possible to make the water tank 1 itself a transparent material. Can be. Moreover, in the hydrogen supply apparatus provided with the water tank which only stores water, and the container which generate | occur | produces hydrogen by supplying water from the said water tank, the said container itself can also be arbitrarily made into a transparent material. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent contamination by applying a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide to the water tank 1 and the portion for taking in light of the container in the same manner as the acrylic plate 7. In addition, the light source is not limited to the xenon lamp 4, and other lighting fixtures such as other lamps and fluorescent lamps can be used depending on the type of photocatalyst that reacts with various types of light such as ultraviolet rays or visible light. Is also optional. Further, the shape of the container may be any shape such as a box shape, a spherical shape, or a tubular shape.
また、実施例では光触媒として酸化チタン、助触媒として白金で説明したが、これらに限らず、リン酸銀など他の任意の光触媒を用いることも自由にできる。また、助触媒も任意の種類を用いることができる。また、光触媒を電極とする場合や容器内に配設、敷設する場合に導電性、または半導体性を持つ物質に塗布、または接着、接合するなど自由にできる。また、光触媒、助触媒の割合及び大きさも任意にしてよく、水タンク１内一面に配設したり、水を供給する水タンクとは別の容器内にも自由に設けることができる。形状も表面に凹凸をつけて表面積を増やすなど任意にすることができる。 In the embodiments, titanium oxide is used as the photocatalyst and platinum is used as the cocatalyst. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and any other photocatalyst such as silver phosphate can be freely used. In addition, any kind of promoter can be used. In addition, when the photocatalyst is used as an electrode, or when the photocatalyst is disposed or laid in a container, the photocatalyst can be freely applied, adhered, or bonded to a conductive or semiconducting substance. Further, the ratio and size of the photocatalyst and the cocatalyst may be arbitrarily set, and the photocatalyst and the cocatalyst may be arranged on the entire surface of the water tank 1 or may be freely provided in a container other than the water tank for supplying water. The shape can also be arbitrarily determined, for example, by adding irregularities to the surface to increase the surface area.
また、本実施例では光分解を水で説明したが、水に限らず水を含んでいれる水溶液ならば自由に適用してよい。例えば、第４実施例の二つのタンクのそれぞれに酸性とアルカリ性の水溶液を入れることもできる。 In the present embodiment, the photodecomposition has been described with water. However, the present invention is not limited to water, and any aqueous solution containing water may be applied freely. For example, acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions can be placed in each of the two tanks of the fourth embodiment.
また、第４実施例ではピストンエンジンに装備した例を説明したが、本発明の水素供給装置はこれに限らず内燃機関であってピストンエンジン、またはロータリーエンジンを動力にする自動車を始めとする車両及び船舶から、ターボファンエンジンやターボジェットエンジン、ターボプロップエンジン、ターボシャフトエンジンなどのガスタービンエンジンを搭載する航空機などの乗り物に広く装備できる。また、内燃機関を動力とする発電機にも装備できる。また、水素タンク２２を交換可能、或いは他の水素タンクへ充填することが可能とすることもできる。これにより、昼間の太陽電池により満タンに充填した水素タンク２２を予備のタンクとして使うことも可能になる、さらに、他の水素タンクに補充して他の内燃機関用の水素燃料として使うことも可能になる。 In the fourth embodiment, an example in which a piston engine is installed has been described. However, the hydrogen supply device of the present invention is not limited to this, and is an internal combustion engine, such as a vehicle that uses a piston engine or a rotary engine as a power source. In addition, it can be widely installed on a vehicle such as an aircraft equipped with a gas turbine engine such as a turbofan engine, a turbojet engine, a turboprop engine, and a turboshaft engine. It can also be installed in a generator powered by an internal combustion engine. It is also possible to replace the hydrogen tank 22 or to fill another hydrogen tank. As a result, it is possible to use the hydrogen tank 22 filled with solar cells in the daytime as a spare tank. Further, the hydrogen tank 22 can be supplemented to other hydrogen tanks and used as hydrogen fuel for other internal combustion engines. It becomes possible.
また、上記各実施例では内燃機関の燃焼室へ直接供給する、または内燃機関の水素タンクへ供給することで説明したが、本発明は燃料電池にも自由に適用できる。さらに、酸素の使い道も上記実施例に限らず、発生させた酸素の使い道として最適なのが燃料電池である。未来の動力源として開発されている燃料電池及び燃料電池自動車に本発明の水素供給装置を装備することで、燃料電池に必要な水素に加え酸素も供給可能になる最適な装置として提供できる。 In each of the above-described embodiments, the direct supply to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine or the supply to the hydrogen tank of the internal combustion engine has been described. However, the present invention can be freely applied to a fuel cell. Further, the usage of oxygen is not limited to the above embodiment, and the most suitable usage of the generated oxygen is a fuel cell. By providing the fuel cell and fuel cell vehicle developed as a future power source with the hydrogen supply device of the present invention, it can be provided as an optimum device that can supply oxygen in addition to hydrogen necessary for the fuel cell.
また、水素供給装置を装備出来ない小型のエンジンなどには、実施例１から４に説明した各装置の他に外部電力を取り込む装置と装置を統括制御する制御装置を具備した水素供給装置として、単独で水素タンクへ水素を補給することもできる。なお、電源は外部電力と太陽電池の電力を併用することも出来る。また、交換可能な水素タンク、若しくは水素ボンベにも、この水素供給装置により水素を充填することもできる。この交換可能な水素タンク、若しくは水素ボンベは、小型のエンジンや農業用の小型耕耘機などに簡単に取り付けて使用出来る持ち運び自由なカセット水素タンク、またはカセット水素ボンベとする事も出来る。また、光源として太陽電池の電力に加えて、太陽光をグラスファイバーにより光触媒に照射することで、外部からの電力に依存することなく水素を供給出来る。 For a small engine that cannot be equipped with a hydrogen supply device, in addition to each device described in the first to fourth embodiments, as a hydrogen supply device equipped with a device that takes in external power and a control device that performs overall control of the device, It is also possible to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen tank alone. The power source can use both external power and solar battery power. In addition, a hydrogen tank or a hydrogen cylinder that can be exchanged can be filled with hydrogen by the hydrogen supply device. The replaceable hydrogen tank or hydrogen cylinder can be a portable cassette hydrogen tank or a cassette hydrogen cylinder that can be easily attached to a small engine or a small agricultural cultivator. Further, in addition to the power of the solar cell as a light source, the photocatalyst is irradiated with sunlight through a glass fiber, so that hydrogen can be supplied without depending on external power.
内燃機関及び燃料電池用の水素供給装置として自動車、船舶、航空機、耕耘機などの内燃機関から業務用及び一般家庭用の内燃機関式発電機及び燃料電池に水素を供給することができる。特に一般家庭の発電機に装備することで電力会社からの電力の使用を少なくすることが可能になる。 As a hydrogen supply device for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, hydrogen can be supplied from an internal combustion engine such as an automobile, a ship, an aircraft, and a tiller to an internal combustion engine generator and a fuel cell for business use and general household use. In particular, it is possible to reduce the use of electric power from an electric power company by installing it on a generator in a general household.
１ 水タンク
２ 酸化チタン電極
３ 白金電極
４ キセノンランプ
５ 浮力装置
６ 仕切り板
７ アクリル板
８ 抵抗
９ 水面
１０ グラスファイバー
１１ 集光装置
１２ 光拡散装置
１３ 酸化チタン層
１４ 白金層
１５ 太陽電池
１６ 蓄電池
１７ 発電機
１８ 白金電極側タンク
１９ 酸化チタン電極側タンク
２０ 水素電送管
２１ 圧縮装置
２２ 水素タンク
２３ 酸素伝送管
２４ マニホールド
２５ 水素ガスインジェクション
２６ ピストンエンジン
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water tank 2 Titanium oxide electrode 3 Platinum electrode 4 Xenon lamp 5 Buoyancy device 6 Partition plate 7 Acrylic plate 8 Resistance 9 Water surface 10 Glass fiber 11 Condensing device 12 Light diffusion device 13 Titanium oxide layer 14 Platinum layer 15 Solar cell 16 Storage battery 17 Generator 18 Platinum electrode side tank 19 Titanium oxide electrode side tank 20 Hydrogen transmission pipe 21 Compressor 22 Hydrogen tank 23 Oxygen transmission pipe 24 Manifold 25 Hydrogen gas injection 26 Piston engine
Claims (8)
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| JP2013092066A (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-16 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | Highly-efficient power generation system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6197102A (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-05-15 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Photooxidation-reduction method |
| JPH0235782Y2 (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1990-09-28 | ||
| JPH0769602A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-14 | Nkk Corp | Method for photolyzing water |
| JPH101684A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-01-06 | 三男 ▲だい▼ | Internal combustion engine using water as a fuel |
| JPH11255198A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-21 | Junji Yamazaki | Energy station, construction thereof, and carrying method for hydrogen |
| JP2000058098A (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-25 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell device and fuel cell device application system |
| JP2001172001A (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2001-06-26 | Akinori Tanaka | Method and apparatus for producing hydrogen |
| JP2003238104A (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2003-08-27 | Univ Tohoku | Apparatus for generating hydrogen by light |
| JP2004099359A (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-04-02 | Yukio Wakahata | Energy supply system using hydrogen energy and various systems as its applied patterns |
| JP2006299368A (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Photo-assisted water electrolysis apparatus and its control method |
| JP2007039298A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Hydrogen production apparatus, hydrogen production method, and hydrogen production system |
| CA2663088A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-26 | Go Green Fuel N.A., L.P. | Internal combustion apparatus and method utilizing electrolysis cell |
| JP2007245017A (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-09-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Energy system |
| US7481914B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2009-01-27 | General Electric Company | Photoelectrolysis cells, and related devices and processes |
| JP2008105905A (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2008-05-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Apparatus for photolysis of water |
| JP2009096679A (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-05-07 | Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The | Hydrogen generator |
| AT505773B1 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-15 | Vaillant Austria Gmbh | FUEL-INDEPENDENT ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEM |
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